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    Cells: The Basic Units of Life

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    glezamae
    Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 when he looked at a thin slice of cork under his microscope. He named the small sections he saw "cells". The cell theory states that all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things, and all cells come from preexisting cells. Cells come in many shapes and sizes but all have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material (DNA or RNA), and organelles with specific functions. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are smaller and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals, fungi and protists have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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    Cells: The Basic Units of Life

    Uploaded by

    glezamae
    40 views17 pages
    Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 when he looked at a thin slice of cork under his microscope. He named the small sections he saw "cells". The cell theory states that all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things, and all cells come from preexisting cells. Cells come in many shapes and sizes but all have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material (DNA or RNA), and organelles with specific functions. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are smaller and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals, fungi and protists have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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    Basic Units

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    Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 when he looked at a thin slice of cork under his microscope. He named the small sections he saw "cells". The cell theory states that all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things, and all cells come from preexisting cells. Cells come in many shapes and sizes but all have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material (DNA or RNA), and organelles with specific functions. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are smaller and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals, fungi and protists have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    40 views17 pages

    Cells: The Basic Units of Life

    Uploaded by

    glezamae
    Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 when he looked at a thin slice of cork under his microscope. He named the small sections he saw "cells". The cell theory states that all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things, and all cells come from preexisting cells. Cells come in many shapes and sizes but all have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material (DNA or RNA), and organelles with specific functions. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria are smaller and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals, fungi and protists have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    Cells

    The Basic Units of Life


    Cell History
    • Cell - the smallest unit that can
    perform all the processes needed for
    life.
    • Robert Hooke -
    – built a microscope to see small things in
    his lab
    – 1665: looked at a thin slice of cork
    • Named the small sections “cells”
    Cell Theory
    Rules For Cells

    1. All organisms are made of one or


    more cells
    2. The cell is the basic unit of all living
    things
    3. All cells come from existing cells
    Cell Size
    • Most cells are too small to be
    seen without a microscope
    – It would take 50 human cells to
    cover the dot on the letter i in a
    textbook.

    •Large Cells:
    chicken egg yolk is one cell!
    Organization of Living Things
    Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms
    Two Different Types of Cells
    Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
    • Means “before a nucleus” • Means “true nucleus”
    • Kingdom Monera • Kingdoms Protista, Fungi,
    • Can live in extreme Plantae & Animalia
    environments • DNA is contained in the
    • Live off many different nucleus
    energy sources
    Common Parts of A Cell
    • Cells come in many shapes and sizes,
    but all cells have these in common:

    – Cell Membrane (barrier)


    – Cytoplasm (“juice” in the center)
    – Organelles (little organs with specific jobs)
    – Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)
    Who looked into a microscope
    and saw the first cell?

    1. James Watson
    2. Robert Hooke
    3. Charles Darwin
    4. Gregor Mendel
    Prokaryotic Cells Up Close

    • No nucleus
    • Have DNA
    • Example: Bacteria
    – Tiny organisms that live almost everywhere
    • In soil & water
    • On/inside another living thing
    – Some are helpful (probiotic lactobacillus)
    – Others are harmful (streptococcus)
    Diagram of A Prokaryotic Cell
    Draw Me!!
    Cytoplasm Ribosomes

    Cell Membrane (green line) DNA


    Cell Wall (red line)
    Prokaryotic Organelles
    1. Plasma membrane 4. Ribosomes
    – Encloses the cell - Makes proteins
    - Located in cytoplasm
    – Regulates material
    into and out of cell 5. Nucleoid
    2. Cell Wall - Contains hereditary
    – Supports cell and material (DNA) of the cell
    determines its shape - Located in cytoplasm
    3. Cytoplasm
    – A liquid material that
    particles are
    suspended in
    Eukaryotic Cells Up Close
    • Have a nucleus that holds the DNA

    • Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells:


    – Animal Cells
    – Plant Cells
    Ribosome Animal Cell Drawing Endoplasmic
    (yellow) Reticulum
    (red)

    Vacuole DNA Nucleus

    Nuclear
    Membrane
    Cytoplasm

    Cell
    Mitochondria
    Membrane

    Lysosome
    Microtubules
    Animal Cell Organelle Jobs
    1. Lysosome – Breaks 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum-
    down Food Transports Proteins
    2. Cell membrane – 7. Microtubules- Provides
    Allows materials to Shape and structure
    enter and exit
    8. Ribosomes – Make Proteins
    3. Nucleus – Controls all
    cell activities 9.Vacuole – Stores food, waste
    4. Nuclear Membrane – and water
    Protects the Nucleus 10. Cytoplasm – Fluid for
    5. Mitochondria –Makes movement
    Energy (ATP)
    Ribosome Plant Cell Drawing Nucleus
    Endoplasmic
    Reticulum
    DNA Nuclear
    Chloroplasts
    Membrane

    Cytoplasm
    Vacuole

    Cell
    Mitochondria
    Membrane

    Cell
    Wall
    Plant Cell Organelle Jobs
    1. Cell membrane – Allows 6. Chloroplast- makes
    materials to enter and food (chlorophyll)
    exit 7. Ribosomes – Make
    2. Nucleus – Controls all cell Proteins
    activities
    8. Vacuole – Stores food
    3. Nuclear Membrane – waste and water
    Protects the Nucleus
    4. Mitochondria –Makes 9. Cytoplasm – Fluid for
    Energy (ATP) movement
    5. Endoplasmic Reticulum- 10.Cell Wall - rigid structure
    Transports Proteins that surrounds the cell
    membrane and
    provides support to the
    cell
    Which is NOT a eukaryote?
    1. Fungi
    2. Animal
    3. Bacteria
    4. Protist

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