Principle of Infrared (IR) Spectros
Principle of Infrared (IR) Spectros
Principle of Infrared (IR) Spectros
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Principle of Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
1. Infrared Spectroscopy is the analysis of infrared light interacting with a
molecule.
2. The portion of the infrared region most useful for analysis of organic
compounds have a wavelength range from 2,500 to 16,000 nm, with a
corresponding frequency range from 1.9*1013 to 1.2*1014 Hz.
3. Photon energies associated with this part of the infrared (from 1 to 15
kcal/mole) are not large enough to excite electrons, but may induce
vibrational excitation of covalently bonded atoms and groups.
4. It is known that in addition to the facile rotation of groups about single
bonds, molecules experience a wide variety of vibrational motions,
characteristic of their component atoms.
5. Consequently, virtually all organic compounds will absorb infrared
radiation that corresponds in energy to these vibrations.
6. Infrared spectrometers, similar in principle to other spectrometer, permit
chemists to obtain absorption spectra of compounds that are a unique
reflection of their molecular structure.
7. The fundamental measurement obtained in infrared spectroscopy is an
infrared spectrum, which is a plot of measured infrared intensity versus
wavelength (or frequency) of light.
IR Spectroscopy measures the vibrations of atoms, and based on this it is
possible to determine the functional groups.
Generally, stronger bonds and light atoms will vibrate at a high stretching
frequency (wavenumber).
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