AC Coaches - Conventional
AC Coaches - Conventional
AC Coaches - Conventional
IR AC COACHES
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES
Expansion principle
When a gas expands without external heat exchange its
temperature falls and when it is compressed without
external heat exchange its temperature increase.
(expansion and compressor)
UNITS OF REFRIGERATION
Kilo-Calorie
It is defined as the amount of heat to be added
(removed) to raise (lower) the temperature of one
Kg of water by one degree celesius.
BTU
It is defined as the amount of heat to be added
(removed) to raise (lower) the temperature of one
pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
1 Kilo - calorie = 3.97 BTU
TR (Ton of Refrigeration)
1 TR = 12000 BTU/hr = 3.517 kW
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
CO-EFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP)
The co-efficient of performance of a refrigeration
cycle is an expression of the cycle efficiency and is
stated as the ratio of the heat absorbed in the
refrigerated space to the equivalent heat energy
supplied to the compressor.
Heat absorbed from the refrigerat ed space
COP
Equivalent heat energy supplied to the compressor
Cooling Effect (kW )
Power input to compressor (kW )
AC COACHES: TYPES
AC coaches
Conventional LHB
RMPU RMPU
Underslung RMPU
Plant equipment (compressor/ Plant equipment (compressor/
condenser/evaporator motors) condenser/evaporator motors)
work at 110V DC work at 415 V 3Ф AC
Open type compressor Hermetically sealed compressor
Compressor/Condenser Compressor/Condenser mounted
mounted on under-slung frame on coach roof
COMPARISON OF AC PLANTS
S Roof Mounted AC Underslung AC
Description
N packaged unit unit
1 Weight 700 Kg 1350 Kg
2 Installation time 4 hrs. 4 days
3 Refrigerant R-22, R-407 R-12 R-134A
4 Refrigerant charge Less than 3.0 Kg 15 Kg
5 System design Hermetically sealed Open
6 Leak Potential Nil Enormous
7 Maintenance Little Heavy
Damage due to cattle
8 Nil Heavy
run over
Damage due to flash
9 Nil Heavy
floods
Deteriorates quickly
10 Performance Excellent
due to dust collection
COMPARISON OF AC PLANTS CONTD..
S Roof Mounted AC Underslung AC
Description
N packaged unit unit
11 Technology Latest Old and obsolete
Water drop on
12 Negligible Sometimes
passengers
From roof (Does not From sides (Takes
13 Fresh air intake
take toilet smell) toilet smell)
25% to 100% 50% to 100%
14 Capacity control
(4 compressors*) (2 compressors)
Very long (Requires
15 Down time for repair 4 Hrs-(Replace unit) repairs to be made
on coach itself)
Conditioned
Air =1Fresh
Air+3 Times
Return Air
CONDITIONED AIR DUCT
• The conditioned air duct is provided with central
diagonal baffle
• Purpose of diagonal baffle partition is to
R
R M
M P
P U
U 1
E
F
2
G
H
A
D
B
C
FL FL FL FL FL FL FL FL
R R
M M
P P
U U
2 1
E
F
G
H
A
D
B
C
FL FL FL FL FL FL FL FL
RSW-2 RSW-3
RSW-1
RSW-4
OPERATION OF THE UNIT
Step 1 : Switch ON the main supply by putting
rotary switch RSW-1 in ON position. This will
cause the Red, Yellow & Green (Power Supply)
indications to glow.
Step 2 : Switch ON the Power &control MCB’s
are ON and the POWER ON (Red) LED is ON.
Step 3 : Switch on the unit by selecting RSW-2
ON position. This will cause the Green
indication of the blower to come ON.
Step 4 : Position RSW-3 on auto position.
Step 5 : Select desired level of cooling/heating
using three position rotary switch.
INTERLOCKS IN THE CONTROL
PANEL
a) If blower motor in not ‘ON’ no other equipment
can get switched ‘ON’.
b) If vane relay is not ‘ON’ RED ‘AIRLOSS’ LED
will glow and no other equipment except the
blower can get switched ‘ON’.
c) Only if at least one condenser fan is ‘ON’ the
compressor can get switched ‘ON’.
d) However if one condenser fan is defective, one
of the compressor operation should be disabled
by using RSW-4.
e) If heater is ‘ON’ no compressor can get
switched ‘ON’.
COMPRESSOR
1.Make Emmerson/Copeland
2. Type/Model no. Scroll ZR61 KCE-
TFD-522
3. Refrigeration capacity at 5 deg C
and 9872.8 K cal/Hr i.e. 3.3 TR 60 deg C
condensation temperature
4. Name of Refrigerant R 407C
5. Total weight of assembled
compressor 41 Kg unit
8. Nominal Voltage 380 V
9. Frequency 50 Hz
1 Ton of Refrigeration is := 10. Phase 3 Ph
12,000 Btu/h = 3,025.9 k 11. No. of compressors as per
Calories/h
RMPU - 2
CONDENSER COIL
4. Filtration Efficiency 10
microns
5. Resistance drop across filters
5mm WG
6. Make Usha / Filtech
BLOWER MOTOR
HP setting 415±15
psig
Manual Reset
LP CUTOUT
LP cutout Indfoss/Ranutrol
Auto Reset
TEMPERATURE INDICATOR
CONTROL
3. Temperature setting
Cooling 23 deg C, & 25 deg C
Heating 19 deg C, & 21 deg C
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Temperature
sensor
Fresh Air
Fresh Air Grill
Fresh Air
Adjustment
THERMOSTAT(OHP)
Condition Air
Return
Air Grill
re Mixing
h Chamber Mixing
ir Chamber
AIR DELIVERY (AIR FLOW) TEST
Coach
Indication
+
Panel
Inverter
Selection Switch
+
INTEGRATED POWER PANEL
SCROLL COMPRESSORS
The gas is compressed between two
scroll-shaped vanes.
One of the vanes is fixed, and the other
moves within it.
The moving vane does not rotate, but its
center revolves with respect to the
center of the fixed vane
This motion squeezes the refrigerant
gas along a spiral path, from the outside
of the vanes toward the center, where
the discharge port is located.
The compressor has only two moving
parts, the moving vane and a shaft with
an off-center crank to drive the moving
vane.
Scroll compressors have only recently
become practical, because close
machining tolerances are needed to
prevent leakage between the vanes, and
between the vanes and the casing.
SCROLL COMPRESSOR
AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN CONCEPTS
OUTSIDE CONDITIONS SIZE OF WINDOW QTY. PER AREA OF WINDOW SOLAR TEMPERATURE
(DRY SUMMER) SIDEWALL W (SQ.M) DIFFERENCE (TDs)
HEIGHT (H) WIDTH (W)
0.56 1.22 8 Deg.C Deg.F
DBT WBT MOISTURE
RH 5.466 SIDEWALL 9 16
Deg.C Deg.C GRAINS
ROOF 10.55 19
LENGTH OF WIDTH OF WIDTH OF HEIGHT OF AC
45 25 AC PORTION ROOF FLOOR PORTION
(113 (77 82 WINDOW 95.55 172
Deg.F) Deg.F) A B C D
15.266 3.245 3.037 2.315 I Class 0
NO. OF
INSIDE CONDITIONS AREA OF II Class 48
PASSENGERS
25 WINDOW TOTAL 48
SIDEWALL ROOF FLOOR
(77 40% 56 (A x D - W ) = E VENTG. AIR (Q) 0 x 0.70 +
Deg.F) AxD AxB AxC E 2E M3 /MIN./PASS. 48 x 0.35
I = 0.7/PASS.
TD AREA OF END =
GD II = 0.35/PASS.
(Deg.C) PARTITIONS 35.34079 49.538 46.363 29.875 59.75 16.80 M3
(II = 0.7/PASS. IF
20 2CD = 14.06 26 Smokers Coach) 593 cfm
1 SIDE WALL END PARTITION WINDOW
ROOF FLOOR
CONDUCTION HEAT GAIN (2E) TD' = TD - 3 (2 SETS)
A x K x TD x 3.97 K = 0.615 K = 0.65 K = 0.72 K = 0.615 K = 1.94 10392
SH (BTU/hr) 2917.652 2556.656 2650.48 583.634 1683.922
2 WINDOW
SIDE WALL
SOLAR HEAT GAIN ROOF - - (1 SET)
(E)
A x K x TDs x 3.97 K = 5.34 13077
SH (BTU/hr) 656.472 1348.636 11072.153
3
SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN LATENT HEAT GAIN
PASSENGER HEAT GAIN
SH = 205 x NO. OF PASSENGERS 205 BTU/hr/PASSENGER 195 BTU/hr/PASSENGER 19200
LH = 195 x NO. OF PASSENGERS 9840 9360
4
SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN LATENT HEAT GAIN
VENTILATING HEAT GAIN
(BTU/hr) 1.08 x Q x TD x 9/5 0.68 x Q x GD 33540
23056 10484
5 LIGHT QTY. FAN QTY. BLOWER QUANTITY
ELECTRICAL HEAT GAIN 36 16 60 8 FAN HP NO.
SH (BTU/hr) WATTS Nos. WATTS Nos. 1.5 2
1964 2316.354 10800 15081
6 100419 OTHER ELECTRICAL EQPTS. 0
REFRIGERATION 12000 TOTAL (T) 91290
CAPACITY (TR) INFILTRATION (10% OF T) (F) 9129
TR = 8.37
(T+F) / 12000 NET HEAT GAIN (T+F) 100419
ESTIMATION OF TOTAL AIR VOLUME REQUIRED
* Battery capacity in terms of meeting the total load for 3 hours at 10 hrs discharge
rate. 0.72 conversion factor and 0.80 condemning capacity ( i.e Total Load in amps x
3/(0.72 x 0.8) = Total Load x 5.2)
KVA 36