Product Information Drilling Fluids

Model 35 Viscometer
“The Standard of the Industry”

Fann Instrument Company produces a range of true Couette coaxial cylinder rotational viscometers. The test fluid
is contained in the annular space or shear gap between the cylinders. Rotation of the outer cylinder at known
velocities is accomplished through precision gearing. The viscous drag exerted by the fluid creates a torque on the
inner cylinder or bob. This torque is transmitted to a precision spring where its deflection is measured and then
related to the test conditions and instrument constants. This system permits the true simulation of most significant
flow process conditions encountered in industrial processing.
FANN Direct Indicating Viscometers combine accuracy with simplicity of design, and are recommended for
evaluating materials that are Bingham plastics. These instruments are equipped with factory installed R1 Rotor
Sleeve, B1 Bob, F1 Torsion Spring, and a stainless steel sample cup for testing according to American Petroleum
Institute Specification RP 13B. Other rotor-bob combinations and/or torsion springs can be substituted to extend
the torque measuring range or to increase the sensitivity of the torque measurement. Shear stress is read directly
from a calibrated scale. Plastic viscosity and yield point of a fluid can be determined easily by making two simple
subtractions from the observed data when the instrument is used with the R1-B1 combination and the standard F1
torsion spring.

Direct Reading Viscometers

Fann Direct Reading Rotational Viscometers have been in continuous production for over sixty years. These
viscometers have been designed so viscosity in centipoise or millipascal seconds is indicated on the scale when the
standard rotor, bob and torsion spring are used at a test speed of 300 rpm. Viscosities at other test speeds are
simple multipliers of the scale reading.

The torque scale has a range to 300 degrees deflection with a resolution of about 0.5 degrees. It is also possible to
compute a shear stress from the dial reading with appropriate instrument constants. Likewise, a shear rate factor
can be computed for a given rotor-bob combination (shear gap) to give a defined shear rate in sec -1.

The viscosity, sometimes called apparent viscosity or effective viscosity, can always be computed as:
γ
η=
τ

Alternately, the viscosity can be computed in terms of an overall instrument constant K, which can be defined for a
particular combination of rotor, bob and torsion spring.
θ
η = Kf N

A wide range of shear rates is made possible through selective gearing and by interchangeable rotors and bobs of
various diameters. The instrument may be operated with open end rotor sleeves, which permit a gentle recirculation
of material through the annulus, thereby minimizing settling of heavy particles. Optional closed end rotor cups are
available for testing of smaller sample volumes.

The torsion springs are designed for ease of interchangeability, which permits the shear stress range of the
instrument and, hence, the viscosity measuring range to be optimized for a given testing problem.

Fann Model 35 Viscometers are versatile instruments for research or production use. They can be used wherever a
regulated-frequency power source is available. The Model 35 Viscometer is widely known as the “Standard of the
Industry” for drilling fluid viscosity measurements.

In the six-speed models, test speeds of 600, 300, 200, 100, 6 and 3 rpm are available via synchronous motor driving
through precision gearing. Any test speed can be selected without stopping rotation. The shear stress is displayed
continuously on the calibrated scale, so that time-dependent viscosity characteristics can be observed as a function
of time. The Model 35A Viscometer is powered by a 60-Hz motor; Model 35SA Viscometer by a 50-Hz motor.

Twelve total test speeds let you measure over an extended shear-rate range. Test speeds of 600, 300, 200, 180,
100, 90, 60, 30, 6, 3, 1.8 and 0.9 rpm are available via a synchronous motor driving through an SR12 gear box and
then through the precision gearing, as defined for Model 35 Viscometer. The additional 10:3 speed reduction is
selectable through a two-position gear-shift lever. The SR12 gear box can be retrofitted to Model 35 Viscometers.
 “The Original Testing Equipment Company”

Measuring Range for Model 35 Viscometers

ROTOR-BOB R1 B1 R2 B1 R3 B1 R1 B2 R1 B3 R1 B4
BASIC DATA
Rotor Radius, Ro, cm 1.8415 1.7588 2.5866 1.8415 1.8415 1.8415
Bob Radius, Rj, cm 1.7245 1.7245 1.7245 1.2276 0.8622 0.8622
Bob Height, L, cm 3.800 3.800 3.800 3.800 3.800 1.900
Shear Gap, in Annulus, cm 0.1170 0.0343 0.8261 0.6139 0.9793 0.9793
Radii Ratio, Rj / Ro 0.9365 0.9805 0.667 0.666 0.468 0.468
Maximum Use Temperature, oC 93 93 93 93 93 93
Minimum Use Temperature, oC 0 0 0 0 0 0
Overall Instrument Constant, K 300.0 94.18 1355 2672 7620 15,200
Standard F1 Torsion Spring
η = Kfθ/N
SHEAR STRESS RANGE
Shear Stress Constant for Effective
Bob Surface k2, cm-3 0.01323 0.01323 0.01323 0.0261 0.0529 0.106
Shear Stress Range, dynes/cm2γ = k1k2θ
F 0.2 θ = 1o 1.02 1.02 1.02 2.01 4.1 8.2
F 0.2 θ = 300o 307 307 307 605 1225 2450
F 0.5 θ = 1o 2.56 2.56 2.56 5.04 10.2 20.4
F 0.5θ = 300o 766 766 766 1510 3060 6140
F1 θ = 1o 5.11 5.11 5.11 10.1 20.4 40.9
F1 θ = 300o 1533 1533 1533 3022 6125 12,300
F2 θ = 1o 10.22 10.22 10.22 20.1 40.8 81.8
F2 θ = 300o 3066 3066 3066 6044 12,250 24,500
F3 θ = 1o 15.3 15.3 15.3 30.2 61.3 123
F3 θ = 300o 4600 4600 4600 9067 18,400 36,800
F4 θ = 1o 20.4 20.4 20.4 40.3 81.7 164
F4 θ = 300o 6132 6132 6132 12,090 24,500 49,100
F5 θ = 1o 25.6 25.6 25.6 50.4 102 205
F5 θ = 300o 7665 7665 7665 15,100 30,600 61,400
F10 θ = 1o 51.1 51.1 51.1 100.7 204 409
F10 θ = 300o 15330 15330 15330 30,200 61,200 123,000
SHEAR RATE RANGE
Shear Rate Constant k3, sec-1 per rpm 1.7023 5.4225 0.377 0.377 0.268 0.268
Shear Rate range, sec-1 ϒ = k3N
N = 0.9 rpm 1.5 4.9 0.4 0.4 0.24 0.24
N = 1.8 rpm 3.1 9.8 0.7 0.7 0.48 0.48
N = 3 rpm 5.1 16.3 1.1 1.1 0.80 0.80
N = 6 rpm 10.2 32.5 2.3 2.3 1.61 1.61
N = 30 rpm 51.1 163 11.3 11.3 8.0 8.0
N = 60 rpm 102 325 22.6 22.6 16.1 16.1
N = 90 rpm 153 488 33.9 33.9 24.1 24.1
N = 100 rpm 170 542 37.7 37.7 26.8 26.8
N = 180 rpm 306 976 67.9 67.9 48.2 48.2
N = 200 rpm 340 1084 75.4 75.4 53.6 53.6
N = 300 rpm 511 1627 113 113 80.4 80.4
N = 600 rpm 1021 3254 226 226 161 161
VISCOSITY RANGE IN CENTIPOISE(1)
Minimum Viscosity(2)
All models, 600 rpm maximum 0.5(3) 0.5(3) 2.3 4.5 12.7 25
Maximum Viscosity(4)
Model 35A & 35SA, 3 rpm min. 30,000 9,400 135,000 270,000 762,000 1,500,000
Model 35A/SR 12 & 35SA/SR 12, 0.9 rpm min. 100,000 31,400 400,000 890,000 2,550,000 5,000,000
 Viscosity Computation 2. In terms of three instrument constants for
torsion spring, bob surface, and shear gap.
Viscosity can be computed in several ways: k1k2 θ
η = k (100) N
3
1. In terms of an overall instrument constant
where K1 is the torsion constant in dyne
θ cm/degree deflection
η = Kf N k2 is the shear stress constant for the
where K is the overall instrument constant effective bob surface, cm3
k3 is the shear rate constant, sec-1 per
rpm
⎛dyne sec ⎞ ⎛ rpm ⎞
⎝ cm2 ⎠ ⎝ degrees deflection⎠ 100 is a conversion factor
1 poise = 100 cP
f is the torsion spring η will be in centipoise
θ is the Fann Viscometer reading
N is the rate of revolution of the outer 3. In terms of shear stress divided by shear rate
cylinder γ
η=
h will be in centipoise τ
where τ is the shear stress in dynes/cm2
τ = k1k2θ
γ =shear rate in sec-1
γ = k3N
η will be in poise
1 poise = 100 cP

Conversion Factors

SI Units Symbol Unit Abbreviation Conversion

Shear Stress τ Pascal Pa 1 Pa =
1 Pascal = 10 dynes/cm2
1 Newton/meter2
Shear Rate γ Reciprocal Second s-1 1 s-1 (no change)
Viscosity η Pascal Second or Pa x s 1 Pa x s = 10 poise
Milli Pascal Second mPa x s mPa x s = 1 cP
OILFIELD UNITS (R-1 Rotor, B-1 Bob and F-1 Torsion Spring)
Shear Stress (exact) τ dynes/cm2 --- 1° Fann = 5.11 dynes/cm2
Shear Stress (exact) lb/100 ft2 --- 1° Fann = 1.065 lb/100 ft2
Shear Stress (approx.) lb/100 ft2 --- 1° Fann ≅ 1 lb/100 ft2
Shear Rate γ Reciprocal Second 1/sec 1/sec = 1.7023 N (R1, B1)
Viscosity μ centipoise cP 5.11θ θ
μ = 1.70N (100) = 300 N
(R1, B1)
Effective Viscosity μe centipoise cP θ
μe = 300 N
Plastic Viscosity PV centipoise cP PV = θ600 - θ300
Yield Point YP lb/100 ft2 --- YP = θ300 - PV
Ordering In
Informatio
tion:
All Model 35 Viscometers are supplied with 115 volt motors. For operation on 230 volts a step-down transformer is required.
Standard configuration includes R1 Rotor, B1 Bob, F1 Torsion Spring, & Stainless Steel Sample Cup.

No
No. 207198 - Model 35A Viscometer, 115 Volt, 60 Hz

No
No. 207199 - Model 35SA Viscometer, 115 Volt, 50 Hz

No
No. 101671768 - Model 35A Viscometer, 115 Volt, 60 Hz
Includes: High Impact Plastic Carrying Case
In

No
No. 101671770 - Model 35SA Viscometer, 115 Volt, 50 Hz
Includes: High Impact Plastic Carrying Case & 230/115 Volt Transformer
In

No
No. 205722 - Step-Down Transformer, 230/115 Volt, 50/60 Hz

12-Speed Model 35 Viscometers are also available

Fa
F ann offers a complete line of viscometer parts and accessories, including:

ƒ Rotors & Bobs in a variety of dimensions

ƒ Torsion Springs of various constants
ƒ Sample Heating Cups
ƒ Certified Calibration Fluids
ƒ Calibration Kits
ƒ Heating Baths
ƒ Circulating Cups
ƒ Cold Water Rheology Kit

Fann Instrument Company is the leading manufacturer and a worldwide supplier of test and measurement
instrumentation for the analysis of dr
drilling, fracturing, completion fluids, and oil well cements. Call us today, or
visit our website at www.fann.com

Fann offers a complete line of instrumentation for testing all types of drilling fluids in accordance
with API Recommended Procedures

Fann Instrument Company Phone: 281-871-4482

P O Box 4350 Fax: 281-871-4358
Houston, Texas USA 77210 Email: [email protected]
© 2007 Fann Instrument Company. All Rights Reserved.