Puberty and Menstrual Cycle

Booklet 5- Puberty, Menstruation & Sex
Hormones
At what age do the sex organs become active in Humans?
10-18
years
What do sex organs produce in males and in females?
Males Sperm
:
Females : Ovaries release eggs
What is the stage of development called when the sex organs become active? What
causes this development?
Puberty is caused by hormones

What are these characteristics called that appear at Puberty?
secondary sexual characteristics

Write the various changes that appear at puberty in females?
•
Thighs get fatter
•
Eggs are released

•
Breasts grow
•
pabir hair grows
•
Periods start
•
Hips widen
Write the various changes that appear at puberty in males?
Pubic hair
grows
•
•
Penis gets larger
•
belt more muscular
•
Voice deepens
a
Facial hair grows
•
Sperm are
produced .
What do you understand by Menstrual Cycle? It is of how many days?

28 days
It is controlled by hormones in the ovaries and the
brain .
How can you divide the menstrual cycle?
Menstrual cycle occurs on
Blood supply day 1 ,

the period begins
develops in new
on day 1 .
uterus lining
New uterus
/
lining develops
Window to
get pregnant .
1
A
the full min
ovum in
ovulation
tubes
I
FSH
Follicle stimulating
hormone
,
What organs or glands control the menstrual cycle?
Pituitary gland and the ovaries .
Days 1-5
breaks dorm
•
Uterus lining
•
This is called menstruation
•
FSH is released from the
pituitary gland
Days 5-14
•
FSH continues to be released
•
Egg follicle guns and matures
Estrogen is produced in the

of
ovary which develops one
the eggs .
Estrogen stops the release of

FSA ad stops 4T , and
the uterus hmng begins
to tmzken
Day 14
Once LH peaks the is
egg
•
released .
•
LH stops estrogen release
Days 14-21 •
Progesterone is released by
the empty follicle This .
mountain uterus tinny and

stops LH
Days 21-28
•If the egg is not fertilized
the levels of progesterone
begin to fall The alms .
hmng breaks dam again .

^
fertilized
Egg continues to produce
•
uterus timing progesterone and
maintained , egg oestrogen
implanted .
Progesterone ☐ Estrogen
a
FSH
LH
a
Estrogen
o
progesterone Eggett
How do the levels of different hormones fluctuate over the menstrual cycle?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone

• During the first week of the cycle the pituitary gland is stimulated
to release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• FSH stimulates a potential egg cell in the ovary.
• The cells around the ovum also develop. This is called a follicle.
• During follicle growth, larger concentrations of estrogen are
produced.
Luteinizing Hormone
• LH levels rise as a result of the estrogen levels released from the

developing follic.e
• LH is released from the pituitary gland.
• LH stimulates the release of the egg (OVULATION)
Ovulation
Ovulation is the release of the developed egg into the oviducts.
Inside the ovary
Estrogen
• As the follicle grows it produces larger oncentrations of estrogen.
• It now has positive feedback effect on secretion of FSH from pituitary.
• Rising concentrations of pregesterione and estriogen have negative feedback
effect on FSH and LH. This prevents new follicles forming.
•
Progesterone
• After ovulation, the egg has exited the ovary, but the follicle remains in the
ovary.
• The follice becomes the corpus luteum (yellow body)
• LH stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.
• Progesterone completes the uterus wall
• The increase of Progesterone and Estrogen have a negative effect on FSH
and LH, preventing new follicles from forming.
Using a graph explain the fluctuations of hormones during the menstrual cycle.
nÉÉhÉÉ
The pituitary gland produces FSH which causes the development of a follicle in
the ovary.
As the egg develops inside the follicle, the follicle produces the
hormone oestrogen.
The oestrogen causes growth and repair of the lining of the uterus wall.
Oestrogen inhibits FSH.
When oestrogen rises to a high enough level it causes a surge in LH from

the pituitary which causes ovulation where an egg is released from the follicle
(Day 14 of the cycle).
The follicle becomes the corpus luteum and this produces oestrogen
and progesterone which inhibit FSH and LH production by the pituitary. This is
an example of negative feedback.
Progesterone maintains the uterus lining (the thickness of the uterus wall).
If the egg has not been fertilised, the corpus luteum dies and progesterone levels
drop.
With no progesterone to maintain the uterus lining, it breaks down, causing a

period
Write down the hormonal control of menstrual cycle: (Summary)
Write this as a study guide after the lesson:

Site of Target
Hormone Function
Secretion Organ
Follicle Pituitary Ovule

Stimulating gland Begins development of a folicle
Hormone (FSH) in the ovary
Oestrogen Ovaries Uterus Growth of the uterus wall and

inhibits FSH
Luteinising Makes the follicle release the egg so

Ovary
Pituitary it can travel towards the uterus
Hormone (LH) (Follicle)
gland
Ovaries Maintain thickness of the uterus wall
Progesterone Uterus
(corpus
luteum)
Arrange the following in the right sequential order:
÷
2
7-
5
6
3
1. The ovaries and testes are part of which system? Underline the correct answer.
nervous system respiratory system endocrine system
2. Match the reproductive hormone to its function.

÷
cardiovascular system
#
FSH Stimulates sperm production in men
Oestrogen Causes an egg to mature in one

ovary
LH Maintains the lining of the uterus

from days 14-28 of the cycle
Progesterone Stimulates the release of an egg

at day 14
Testosterone Causes the lining of the uterus to

grow
3. Label the lines on the graph with the hormone they represent. FSH has been done for you.
4. Which of the hormones controlling menstruation are secreted from the pituitary gland?
LH and FSH
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Which hormones inhibit the release of FSH?
Estrogen and Progesterone

___________________________________________________________________________

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Booklet 5- Puberty, Menstruation & Sex

Females : Ovaries release eggs

Puberty is caused by hormones

secondary sexual characteristics

Eggs are released

What do you understand by Menstrual Cycle? It is of how many days?

How can you divide the menstrual cycle?

Menstrual cycle occurs on

Blood supply day 1 ,

Pituitary gland and the ovaries .

Estrogen is produced in the

Estrogen stops the release of

mountain uterus tinny and

hmng breaks dam again .

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

• LH levels rise as a result of the estrogen levels released from the

When oestrogen rises to a high enough level it causes a surge in LH from

With no progesterone to maintain the uterus lining, it breaks down, causing a

Write this as a study guide after the lesson:

Follicle Pituitary Ovule

Oestrogen Ovaries Uterus Growth of the uterus wall and

Luteinising Makes the follicle release the egg so

nervous system respiratory system endocrine system

2. Match the reproductive hormone to its function.

Oestrogen Causes an egg to mature in one

LH Maintains the lining of the uterus

Progesterone Stimulates the release of an egg

Testosterone Causes the lining of the uterus to

5. Which hormones inhibit the release of FSH?

Estrogen and Progesterone

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