https://docs.google.

com/spreadsheets/d/1PGJPQONi6tYZJ9-
xFmJ1O7xw5bCRYWm4tl2UHnLVXbI/edit#gid=0
Unit 38: If I do and If I did (86-355)
38.1 What do you say in these situations?
1 Of course you don't expect to win the lottery. Which do you say?
a If I win the lottery, I'll buy a big house. D
b If I won the lottery, I'd buy a big house. 0 (b is correct)
2 You're not going to sell your car because it's old and not worth much. Which do you say?
a If I sell my car, I won't get much money for it. D
b If I sold my car, I wouldn't get much money for it. (b is correct)
3 You often see Sarah. A friend of yours wants to contact her. Which do you say?
a If I see Sarah, I'll tell her to call you. (b is correct)
b If I saw Sarah, I'd tell her to call you. D
4 You don't expect that there will be a fire in the building. Which do you say?
a What will you do if there is a fire in the building? D
b What would you do if there was a fire in the building? (b is correct)
5 You've never lost your passport. You can only imagine it.
a I don't know what I'll do if I lose my passport. D
b I don't know what I'd do if I lost my passport. (b is correct)
6 Somebody stops you and asks the way to a bank. Which do you say?
a If you go right at the end of this street, you'll see a bank on your left. (b is correct)
b If you went right at the end of this street, you'd see a bank on your left. D
7 You're in a lift. There is an emergency button. Nobody is going to press it. Which do you say?
a What will happen if somebody presses that button? D
b What would happen if somebody pressed that button? (b is correct)
38.2 Put the verb into correct form.
1 I'd be very scared if somebody pointed (point) a gun at me.
2 I can't afford to buy a car. If I bought a car, I'd have to borrow the money.
3 Don't lend Amy your car. If she asked (ask) me, I wouldn't lend her mine.
4 If the computer factory closed down, many people would lose (lose) their jobs.
5 I don't think Gary and Emma will get married. I would be amazed if they did.
6 What would you do if you were in a lift and it stopped (stop)
between floors?
7 If somebody gave (give) me £10,000, I would have (have) a very long holiday.
38.3 Write sentences beginning If ....
1 We've decided not to cat ch the 10.30 train. (arrive too early)
If we caught the 10.30 train, we would arrive too early.
2 Kevin is not going to do his driving test now. (fail)
If he did his driving test now, he would fail.
3 We've decided not to stay at a hotel. (cost too much)
If we stayed at a hotel, it would cost too much.
4 Sally isn't going to leave her job. (not I get another one)
If she left her job, she wouldn't get another one.
5 We've decided not to invite Ben to the party. (have to invite his friends too)
If we invited Ben to the party, we would have to invite his friends too.
6 I'm not going to tell him what happened. (not I believe me)
If I told him what happened, he wouldn't believe me.
lottery /ˈlɑːtəri/ n: a way of raising money for a government, charity, etc. by selling tickets that have
different numbers on them that people have chosen. Numbers are then chosen by chance and the people
who have those numbers on their tickets win prizes. vé số
Unit 39.1: If I knew and I wish I knew (89)
39.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
1 If knew (I I know) his number, I would phone him.
2 If I wouldn't (I I not I buy) that coat if I were you.
3 I would help (I I help) you if I could, but I'm afraid I can't.
4 We don't need a car at present, but we would need a car if we lived (we I live) in the country.
5 If we had the choice, we would live (we I live) in the country.
6 This soup isn't very good. It would taste (it I taste) better if it wasn't so salty.
7 I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather was/were (be) better.
8 If I were you, I would not wait (I I not I wait). I would go (I I go) now. -> đang ở thì would chấm dứt
vẫn would????
9 You're always tired. If you didn't (you I not I go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be tired all the
time.
10 I think there are too many cars. If there were not (there I not I be) so many cars, there would not be
(there I not I be) so much pollution.
39.2 Write a sentence with if ... for each situation.
1 We don't see you very often because you live so far away .
If you didn't live so far away, we would see you very often.
2 it's a nice book but it's too expensive, so I'm not going to buy it.
I would buy it if it was/were not so expensive.
3 We don't go out very often - we can't afford it.
We would go out more often If we could afford it
4 I can't meet you tomorrow - I have to work late.
If didn't have to work late, I could meet you.
5 lt would be nice to have lunch outside but it's raining, so we can't.
We could have lunch outside If it was/weren't raining
6 I don't want his advice, and that's why I'm not going to ask for it.
If I wanted his advice, I would ask him for it
39.3 Write sentences beginning I wish ....
1 I don't know many people (and I'm lonely).
I wish I knew more people
2 I don't have a computer (and I need one).
I wish I had a computer
3 Helen isn't here (and I need to see her).
I wish Helen was/were here
4 it's cold (and I hate cold weather).
I wish it was/weren't cold
5 I live in a big city (and I don't like it).
I wish I didn't live in a big city.
6 I can't go to the party (and I'd like to).
I wish I could go the party
7 I have to get up early tomorrow {but I'd like to sleep late).
I wish I didn't have to get up early tomorrow.
8 I don't know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down).
I wish I knew something about cars. -> anything not, không not something
9 I'm not fee ling well (and it's not nice).
I wish I was/were feeling well.
Unit 40: If I had known and I wish I had known (91-355)
40.1 Put the verb into the correct form.
1. I didn't see you when you passed me in the street. If I'd seen you (I I see) you, I would have said (I I
say) hello.
2 Sam got to the station just in time to catch the train to the airport. If he’d missed (he I miss) the train, he
would have missed (he I miss) his flight too.
3 I'm glad that you reminded me about Rachel's birthday. I would have forgotten (I I forget) if you hadn’t
reminded (you I not I remind) me.
4 I wanted to send you an email, but I didn't have your email address. If
If I'd had (I I have) your address, I would have sent (I I send) you an email.
5 A: How was your trip? Was it good? B: It was OK, but we would have enjoyed (we I enjoy) it more if
the weather had been (be) better.
6 I took a taxi to the hotel, but the traffic was bad. it would have been (it I be) quicker if I'd walked (I I
walk).
7 I'm not tired. If I was/were (I I be) tired, I'd go home now.
8 I wasn't tired last night. If I'd been (I I be) tired, I would have gone home earlier.
40.2 For each situation, write a sentence beginning with If.
1 I wasn't hungry, so I didn't eat anything.
If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something.
2 The accident happened because the road was icy.
If the road hadn't been icy, the accident wouldn't have happened.
3 I didn't know that Joe had to get up early, so I didn't wake him up.
If I had known that he had to get up early, I would have woken him up
4 Unfortunately I lost my phone, so I couldn't call you.
If I hadn't lost my phone, I could/would have called you -> nếu câu cho sẵng thì có thể để could, k thi
would cũng ok
5 Karen wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
If she hadn't been wearing a seat belt, she would have been injured in the crash.
6 You didn't have breakfast- that's why you're hungry now.
If you had breakfast, you wouldn't be hungry now.
7 I didn't get a taxi because I didn't have enough money.
If i had had enough money, I would have gotten got a taxi.
40.3 Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish.
1 You've eaten too much and now you feel sick.
You say: If I didn't eat too much, I wouldn't feel sick now
2 There was a job advertised in the paper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think that your
decision was wrong.
You say: I wish I had applied for the job advertised in the paper.
3 When you were younger, you never learned to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this.
You say: I wish I had learned to play a musical instrument (when I was younger)
4 You've painted the gate red. Now you think that red was the wrong color.
You say: I wish I hadn't painted the gate red.
5 You are walking in the country. You'd like to take some pictures, but you didn't bring your camera.
You say: I wish I had brought my camera.
6 You have some unexpected guests. They didn't phone you first to say they were coming. You are very
busy and you are not prepared for them.
You say (to yourself): I wish they had phone me first (to day they were coming)
Vocabulary
icy /ˈaɪsi/ adj: covered with ice đóng băng
crash /kræʃ/ n: an accident in which a vehicle hits something, for example, another vehicle, usually
causing damage and often injuring or killing the passengers sự đâm sầm vào ô tô
be prepared for /prɪˈperd/ adj: ready and able to deal with something sẵn sàng cho cái gì khó chịu
CN: 21/2/2021 Unit 113: Although/ though/ even though/ despite/ in spite of 238
B
After although we use a subject+ verb:
Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday
C
After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or -ing:
In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
I didn't get the job in spite of having the necessary qualifications.
She wasn't well, but in spite of this she continued working.
You can say in spite of the fact (that) ... and despite the fact (that) ... :
I didn't get the job in spite of the fact (that)/ despite of the fact that I have the necessary qualifications.
Compare in spite of and because of:
We went out in spite of the rain. (or ... despite the rain.)
We didn't go out because of the rain
D
Compare although and in spite of / despite:
Although the traffic was bad, / In spite of the traffic, we arrive on time. (not in spite of the traffic was
bad)
I couldn't sleep although I was very tired. / despite being very tired. (not despite I was tired)
E
Though is the same as although:
I didn't get the job though I had the necessary qualifications.
In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence:
The house isn't so nice. I like the garden though. (=but I like the garden)
Even though (but not 'even' alone) is a stronger form of although:
Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep. (not Even I was really tired ... )
Exercise
113.1 Complete the sentences. Use although + a sentence from the box.
Although giữa k có , đầu có ,
1 Although he has a very important job, he isn't particularly well-paid.
2 Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph.
3 She wasn't wearing a coat although it was quite cold
4 We thought we'd better invite them to the party although we don't like them very much.
5 Although I didn't speak the language well, I managed to make myself understood.
6 Although the heating was on, the room wasn't warm.
7 I didn't recognize her although I'd met her twice before.
8 We're not very good friends we've known each other a long time.
113.2 Complete the sentences with although/ in spite of/ because/ because of.
1 Although it rained, we enjoyed our holiday.
2 a in spite of all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
b although we'd planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
3 a I went home early because I was feeling unwell.
b I went to work the next day although I was still feeling unwell.
4 a She only accepted the job because of the salary, which was very high.
b She accepted the job in spite of the salary, which was rather low.
5 a I managed to get to sleep although there was a lot of noise.
b I couldn't get to sleep because of the noise.
113.3 Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.
1 I couldn't sleep. I was very tired. (despite)
I couldn't sleep despite being very tired
2 They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of)
In spite of having very little money, they are happy. (in spite of the fact (that))
3 My foot was injured. I managed to walk home. (although)
Although my foot was injured, I managed to walk home.
4 I enjoyed the film. The story was silly. (in spite of)
I enjoyed the film in spite of the silly story (being silly/ in spite of the fact (that))
5 We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other. (despite)
despite living in the same street, we hardly ever see each other. (despite the fact (that))
6 I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes. (even though)
I got very wet in the rain even though I was only out for five minutes.
113.4 Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end.
1 The house isn't very nice. (like I garden) I like the garden though.
2 It's warm today. (very windy) It's very windy though.
3 We didn't like the food. (ate) We ate it though
4 Liz is very nice. (don't like I husband) I don't like her husband though.
Unit 114: In case 239
A
Some more examples of in case:
I'll leave my mobile phone switched on in case Jane calls. (=because it is possible she will
call)
I'll draw a map for you in case you have problems finding our house. (=because it is
possible you will have problems)
I'll remind them about the meeting in case they've forgotten. (=because it is possible they
have forgotten)
We use just in case for a smaller possibility:
I don't think it will rain, but I'll take an umbrella just in case. (=just in case it rains)
Do not use will after in case. Use a present tense for the future (see Unit 25):
I'll leave my phone switched on in case jane calls. (not in case jane will call)
B
In case is not the same as if. We use in case to say why somebody does (or doesn't do) something. You do
something now in case something happens later.
In case
We'll buy some more food in case Tom comes.
(= Maybe Tom will come. We'll buy some more food now, whether he comes or not; then we'll already
have the food if he comes.)
If
We'll buy some more food if Tom comes.
(= Maybe Tom will come. If he comes, we'll buy some more food; if he doesn 't come, we won't buy any
more food.)
D
You can use in case + past to say why somebody did something:
I left my phone switched on in case Jane called. (=because it was possible that jane would call)
I drew a map for Sarah in case she had problems finding the house.
We rang the doorbell again in case they hadn't heard it the first time.
D
In case of is not the same as in case. In case of... =if there is ... (especially on notices etc.):
In case of fire, please leave the building as quickly as possible. (= if there is a fire)
In case of emergency, call this number. (= if there is an emergency)
Exercise
114.2 What do you say in these situations? Use in case.
1 It’s possible that jane will need to contact you, so you agree to give her your phone number.
You say: I'll give you my phone number in case you need to contact me.
2 A friend of yours is going away for a long time. Maybe you won't see her again before she
goes, so you decide to say goodbye now.
You say: I'll say goodbye now in case I don’t see you again (before you go).
3 You are shopping in a supermarket with a friend. You think you have everything you need,
but maybe you forgot something. Your friend has the list. You ask her to check it.
You say: Can you check the list in case I we forget something?
4 You advise a friend about using a computer. You think he should back up (= copy) his files
because maybe there will be a problem with his computer (and he could lose all his data).
You say: You should back up your files in case there is a problem with your computer.
114.3 Complete the sentences using in case
1 There was a possibility that jane would call. So I left my phone switched on.
I left my phone switched on in case Jane call
2 I thought that I might forget the name of the book. So I wrote it down.
I wrote down the name of the book in case I forgot it.
3 I thought my parents might be worried about me. So I phoned them.
I phoned my parents in case they were worried about me
4 I sent an email to Lisa, but she didn't reply. So I sent another email because maybe she didn't get the
first one.
I sent her another email in case she didn't get the first one.
5 I met some people when I was on holiday in France. They said they might come to London one day. I
live in London, so I gave them my phone number.
I gave them my phone number in case they came to London (one day)
114.4 Put in in case or if.
If xảy ra đồng thời, in case xảy ra trước sau
1 I'll draw a map for you in case you have problems finding our house.
2 You should tell the police if you have any information about the crime.
3 I hope you'll come to Australia sometime. If you come, you must visit us.
4 This book belongs to Susan. Can you give it to her if you see her?
5 Write your name and phone number on your bag in case you lose it.
6 Go to the lost property office if you lose your bag.
7 The burglar alarm will ring in case if somebody tries to break into the house.
8 You should lock your bike to something in case somebody tries to steal it.
9 I was advised to get insurance in case I needed medical treatment while I was abroad.
Vocabulary
spare wheel /sper/ adj: that is not being used or is not needed at the present time bánh xe dự phòng
puncture /ˈpʌŋktʃər/ n: a small hole in a tyre (lốp) made by a sharp point that allows air to escape lỗ
thủng, lỗ đâm
switched on v: to turn a light, machine, etc. off/on by pressing a button or switch bật lên
burglar alarm /ˈbɜːrɡlər əlɑːrm/ n: an electronic device, often fixed to a wall, that rings a loud bell if
somebody tries to enter a building by force báo chống trộm
Unit 115: Unless As long as Provided/ Providing 241
A
Some more examples of unless:
l'll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late. (=except if I have to work late)
There are no buses to the beach. Unless you have a car, it's difficult to get there. (=except if you have a
car)
'Shall I tell Liz what happened? 'Not unless she asks you.' (=only if she asks you)
Sally hates to complain. She wouldn't complain about something unless it was really bad. ( = except if it
was really bad)
We can take a taxi to the restaurant- unless you'd prefer to walk. (=except if you’d prefer to walk)
Instead of unless it is often possible to say if ... not:
Unless we leave now, we'll be late. or If we don't leave now, we'll be late
B
as long as or so long as/ provided (that) or providing (that) All these expressions mean 'if' or 'on condition
that'.
You can borrow my car as long as/ so long as you promise not to drive too fast (=you can borrow my car,
but you must promise not to drive too fast- this is a condition)
Travelling by car is convenient provided (that)/ providing (that) you have somewhere to park. (=but only
if you have somewhere to park)
Providing (that)/ Provided (that) the room is clean, I don't mind which hotel we stay at. (=the room must
be clean - otherwise I don't mind)
C
Unless/ as long as etc. for the future
When you are talking about the future, do not use will after unless/ as long as/ so long as/ provided/
providing. Use a present tense (see Unit 25):
I'm not going out unless it stops raining. (not unless it will stop)
Providing the weather is good, we're going to have a picnic tomorrow. (not providing the weather will be
good)
Exercises
115.1 Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentence.
1 You must try a bit harder or you won't pass the exam.
you won't pass the exam unless you must try a bit harder
2 Listen carefully or you won't know what to do.
You won't know what to do unless you listen carefully.
3 She must apologies to me or I'll never speak to her again.
I'll never speak to her again unless she must apologies to me
4 You have to speak very slowly or he won 't be able to understand you.
He won't able to understand you unless you have to speak very slowly
5 Business must improve soon or the company will have to close.
The company will have to close unless business must improves soon.
115.2 Write sentences with unless.
1 The club isn't open to everyone. You 're allowed in only if you're a member.
You're not allowed in the club unless you're a member
2 I don't want to go to the party alone. I'm going only if you go too.
I'm not going to the party unless you go too are going too chia cùng thì
3 Don't worry about the dog. It will attack you only if you move suddenly.
The dog won't attack you unless you move suddenly
4 Ben isn't very talkative. He'll speak to you only if you ask him something.
Ben won't speak to you unless you ask him something
5 Today is a public holiday. The doctor will see you only if it's an emergency.
The doctor won't see you unless it's an emergency
115.3 Which is correct
1 You can borrow my car unless/ as long as you promise not to drive too fast.
(as long as is correct)
2 I'm playing tennis tomorrow unless/ providing it rains. unless
3 I'm playing tennis tomorrow unless/ providing it doesn't rain. providing
4 I don't mind if you come home late unless/ as long as you come in quietly. As long as
5 I'm going now unless/ provided you want me to stay. unless
6 I don't watch TV unless/ as long as I've got nothing else to do. unless
7 Children are allowed to use the swimming pool unless/ provided they are with an adult. provided
8 Unless/ Provided they are with an adult, children are not allowed to use the swimming pool. unless
9 We can sit here in the corner unless/ as long as you'd rather sit over there by the window. unless
10 A: Our holiday cost a lot of money.
B: Did it? Well, that doesn't matter unless/ as long as you enjoyed yourselves. As long as
Unit 116: As (As I walked along the street.../ As I was hungry ...) 243
A
As= at the same time as
You can use as when two things happen at the same time:
We all waved goodbye to Liz as she drove away. (We waved and she drove away at the same time)
As I walked along the street, I looked in the shop windows.
Can you turn off the light as you go out, please?
Or you can say that something happened as you were doing something else (in the middle of doing
something else):
Kate slipped as she was getting off the bus.
We met Paul as we were Leaving the hotel.
For the past continuous (was getting I were going etc.), see Unit 6.
You can also use just as (=exactly at that moment):
Just as I sat down, the doorbell rang.
I had to leave just as the conversation was getting interesting.
We also use as when two things happen together in a longer period of time:
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
I began to enjoy the job more as I got used to it
Compare as and when:
We use as only if two things happen at the same time.
As I drove home, I listened to music. (= at the same time)
Use when (not as) if one thing happens after another.
When I got home, I had something to eat. (not as I got home)
B
As= because
As also means I because':
As I was hungry, I decided to find somewhere to eat. (=because I was hungry)
As we have plenty of time before our flight, let's go and have a coffee.
We watched TV all evening as we didn't have anything better to do.
As I don't watch television any more, I gave my TV to a friend of mine.
You can also use since in this way:
Since we have plenty of time, let's go and have a coffee
Compare as (= because) and when:
As
I couldn’t 't contact David as he was on holiday. (= because he was on holiday)
As they lived near us, we used to see them quite often. (=because they lived near us)
When
David's passport was stolen when he was on holiday. (=during the time he was away)
When they lived near us, we used to see them quite often. (=at the time they lived near us)
116. 1 (Section A) Use as to join sentences from the boxes.
1 We all wave goodbye to Liz as she drove away.
2 I listened as she told me her story.
3 I burnt myself as I was taking a hot dish out of the oven.
4 The crowd cheered as the two teams came onto the field.
5 A dog ran out in front of the car as we were driving along the road.
116.2 Section B) Join sentences from the boxes. Begin each sentence with as.
1 As I was hungry, I decided to find somewhere to eat.
2. As today is a public holiday, many of the shops are shut.
3. As I didn't want to disturb anybody, I was very quiet.
4. As I don't know what to do, I need some advice.
5. As none of us had a watch, we didn't know what time it was.
116.3 What does as mean in these sentences?
1 As they live near us, we see them quite often. because
2 Kate slipped as she was getting off the bus. at the same time as
3 As I was tired, I went to bed early. because
4 Unfortunately, as I was parking the car, I hit the car behind me. as the same time as
5 As we climbed the hill, we got more and more tired. Because at the same time as -> đúng câu thắc mắc
cùng lúc leo núi thì thấy mệt
6 We decided to go out to eat as we had no food at home. Because
7 As we don't use the car very often, we've decided to sell it. because
116.4 In some of these sentences, you need when (not as). Correct the sentences where necessary.
1 Julia got married as she was 22. when she was 22
2 As the day went on, the weather got worse. OK
3 He dropped the glass as he was taking it out of the cupboard. Ok
4 I lost my phone as I was in London. when I was in London.
5 As I left school, I didn't know what to do. When I left school vào thời điểm chứ không vì trường tùy
người vẫn biết cách làm
6 The train slowed down as it approached the station. Ok
7 I used to live near the sea as I was a child. when I was a child
Unit 117: Like and as 245
A
like= 'similar to', 'the same as'. You cannot use as in this way:
What a beautiful house! Ifs like a palace. (not as a palace)
'What does Sandra do?' 'She's a teacher, Like me.' (not as me)
Be careful! The floor has been polished. Ifs Like walking on ice. (not as walking)
It's raining again. I hate weather Like this. (not as this)
In these sentences, like is a preposition. So it is followed by a noun (like a palace), a pronoun (like me I
like this) or -ing (like walking).
You can also say' ... Like (somebody/something) doing something':
'What's that noise?' 'It sounds Like a baby crying.'
Sometimes like= for example:
I enjoy water sports, like surfing, scuba diving and water-skiing.
You can also use such as (=for example):
I enjoy water sports, such as surfing, scuba diving and water-skiing
B
As = in the same way as, or in the same condition as. We use as before subject+ verb:
I didn't move anything. I left everything as it was.
You should have done it as I showed you.
We also use like in this way:
I left everything like it was.
Compare as and like:
You should have done it as I showed you. or ... Like I showed you.
You should have done it like this. (not as this)
Note that we say as usual I as always:
You're late as usual.
As always, Nick was the first to complain.
C
Sometimes as (+ subject+ verb) has other meanings. For example, after do:
You can do as you like. (=do what you like)
They did as they promised. (=They did what they promised.)
We also say as you know I as I said I as she expected I as I thought etc.:
As you know, it's Emma's birthday next week. (=you know this already)
Andy failed his driving test, as he expected. (=he expected this before)
like is not usual in these expressions, except with say (like I said):
As I said yesterday, I'm sure we can solve the problem. or like I said yesterday
D
As can also be a preposition, but the meaning is different from Like.
Compare:
As a taxi driver, I spend most of my working life in a car. Everyone wants me to drive them to places. I'm
like a taxi driver. (I am a taxi driver, that is my job)
Everyone wants me to drive them to places. I'm like a taxi driver. (I am a taxi driver, that is my job) (I 'm
not a taxi driver, but I'm like one)
As (preposition) = in the position of, in the form of etc.:
Many years ago I worked as a photographer. (not like a photographer)
Many words, for example 'work' and 'rain', can be used as verbs or nouns.
London is fine as a place to visit, but I wouldn't like to live there.
The news of the tragedy came as a great shock.

polished /ˈpɑːlɪʃt/ adj: shiny as a result of polishing bóng, láng

surfing /ˈsɜːrfɪŋ/ n: the sport of riding on waves while standing on a narrow board called a surfboard lướt
sóng
scuba diving /ˈskuːbə daɪvɪŋ/ n: the sport or activity of swimming underwater using special breathing
equipment consisting of a container of air which you carry on your back and a tube through which you
breathe the air lặn có bình dưỡng khí
water-skiing /ˈwɔːtərskiːɪŋ/ n: sport or activity of skiing on water while being pulled by a fast boat trượt
nước
tragedy /ˈtrædʒədi/ n: a very sad event or situation, especially one that involves death bi kịch
--
Unit 7: Present perfect 1 (I have done) 25 -348
Irregular verbs: Appendix 1
7.1 Read the situations and write sentences. Use the following verbs in the present perfect:
1 Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. Tom has lost his key
2 Lisa can't walk and her leg is in plaster. Lisa has broken her leg
3 Last weeks the bus fare was £1 .80. Now it is £2. The bus fare has gone up
4 Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is better. Her English has improved
5 Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard. Dan has grown a bread
6 This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. The letter has arrived
7 The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12. The temperature has fallen
7.2 Put in been or gone.
1 James is on holiday. He's gone to Italy.
2 Hello! I've just been to the shops. I've bought lots of things.
3 Alice isn't here at the moment. She's gone to the shop to get a newspaper.
4 Tom has gone out. He'll be back in about an hour.
5 'Are you going to the bank?' 'No, I've already been to the bank.
7.3 Complete B's sentences. Make sentences from the words in brackets.
1. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I've just had lunch. (I I just I have I lunch)
2. Do you know where Julia is? Yes, I've just seen her.
3. What time is David leaving? He's already left
4. What's in the newspaper today? I don't know. I haven't read it yet
5. Is Sue coming to the cinema with us? No, she's already seen the film
6. Are your friends here yet? Yes, they've just arrived
7. What does Tim think about your plan? We haven't told him yet -> dùng cách ps đc
7.4 Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.
1 After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, 'Would you like something to eat?'
You say: No thank you. I've just had lunch. (have lunch)
2 joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, 'Can I speak to joe?'
You say: I'm afraid she's already gone out. (go out)
3 You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.
You say: Wait a minute! I haven't finished yet. (not I finish)
4 You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phoned to reserve a table. Later your friend says,
'Shall I phone to reserve a table?' You say: No, I've already done it. (do it)
5 You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful.
Ask her. You say: Have you found a place yet? (find)
6 You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, 'Where are you going for your
holiday?'
You say: I haven't decided yet. (not I decide)
7 Linda went shopping, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, 'Is Linda still out shopping?'
You say: No, she's already come back. (come back)
Vocabulary
in plaster /ˈplæstər/ n: a white powder that is mixed with water and becomes very hard when it dries, used
especially for making copies of statues or holding broken bones in place bó bột = thuốc cao
Unit 8: Present perfect 2 (I have done) 27-348
8.1 You ask people about things they have done. Write questions with ever
1 (ride I horse?) Have you ever rode horse? ridden
2 (be I California?) Have you ever been to California?
3 (run I marathon?) Have you ever run (in) a marathon?
4 (speak I famous person?) Have you ever spoken to famous person?
5 (most beautiful place I visit?) What's the most beautify place have you’ve ever visited?
8.2 Complete B's answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use these verbs:
1. What's Mark's sister like? I've no idea. I've never met her.
2 Is everything going well? Yes, we haven't had any problems so far.
3 Are you hungry? Yes, I haven't eaten so much today
4 Can you play chess? Yes, but I haven't played for ages.
5. Are you enjoying your holiday? Yes, it's the best holiday I've ever had for a long time.
6. What's that book like? I don’t know. I haven't read it.
7. Is Brussels an interesting place? I've no idea. I haven't been there.
8. I hear your car broke down again yesterday. Yes, it's the second time my car has broken down it’s
happened this month.
9. Do you like caviar? I don't know. I haven't tried it.
10. Mike was late for work again today. Again? He's been late every day this week.
11. Who's that woman by the door? I don't know. I haven't seen her before
7.4 Read the situations and write sentences as shown in the example.
1 jack is driving a car, but he's very nervous and not sure what to do.
You ask: Have you drive a car before
He says: No, this is the first time I've driven a car.
2 Ben is playing tennis. He's not good at it and he doesn't know the rules.
You ask: Have you played tennis before?
He says: No, this is the first I played tennis.
3 Sue is riding a horse. She doesn't look very confident or comfortable.
You ask: Have you rode a horse before? ridden
She says: No, this is the first time I've rode a horse. ridden
4 Maria is in Japan. She has just arrived and it's very new for her.
You ask: Have you travelled to Japan before been
She says: No, this is the first time I've travelled to Japan. Been-> do hơi thắc mắc lúc ni mới tới mà nói
been thì đã về rồi
Unit 9: Present perfect continuous (I have been doing) 30
9.1 What have these people been doing or what has been happening?
1. They've been shopping
2. She's been watching TV
3. They're been playing tennis
4. He's been running
9.2 Write a question for each situation.
1 You meet Paul as he is leaving the swim ming pool.
You ask: (you I swim?) Have you been swimming?
2 You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you.
You ask: (you I wait I long?) How long have you been waiting?
3 You meet a friend in the street . His face and hands are very dirty.
You ask: (w hat I you I do?) What have you been doing?
4 A friend of yours is now working in a shop. You want to know how long.
You ask: (how long I you I work I there?) How long have you been working there?
5 A friend tells you about his job- he sells mobile phones. You want t o know how long.
You ask: (how long I you I sell I mobile phones?) How long have you been selling mobile phones
9.3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
1 lt's raining. The rain st arted two hours ago.
lt's been raining for two hours.
2 We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting 20 minutes ago.
We've been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes.
3 I'm learning Spanish. I started classes in December.
for 20 minutes.
I've been learning Spanish since December.
4 Jessica is working in a supermarket. She started working there on 18 January.
She's been working in a supermarket since 18 January. She’s been working there since 18 January
5 Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started going there years ago.
Our friends’ve been always spending their holidays in Italy for years. They have been going there years
ago
9.4 Put the verb into the present continuous (I am -ing) or present perfect continuous
(I have been -ing).
1 Maria's been learning (M aria I learn) English for two years.
2 Hello, Tom. I have been looking (I I look) for you. Where have you been?
3 Why are you looking (you I look) at me like that? Stop it !
4 Linda is a teacher. She's been teaching (she I t each) for ten years.
5 I have been thinking (I I think) about what you said and I've decided to take your advice.
6 'Is Paul on holiday this week?' 'No, he is working (he I work).'
7 Sarah is very tired. She's been working (she I work) very hard recently.
Unit 10: Present perfect continuous and present simple (I have been doing and i have done) 349
10.1 Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets.
1 Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53 .
He's been reading for two hours (read)
He's read 53 pages so far. (read)
2 Rachel is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her trip three
months ago.
She's been travelling around Europe for three months. (travel)
She's visited six countries so far. (visit)
3 Patrick is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he won
the national championship again- for the fourth time.
He's won the national championship four times. (win)
He's been playing since he was ten. (play)
4 When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films.
They've been making films since they left college. (make)
They've made five films since they left college. (make)
10.2 You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask:
(how long I learn I Arabic?) How long have you been learning Arabic?
2 You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask:
(wait I long?) Have you been waiting long?
3 You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask:
(catch I any fish ?) Have you caught any fish?
4 Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask:
(how many people I invite?) How many people have you invited?
5 A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask:
(how long I teach?) How long have you been teaching?
6 You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask:
(how many books I write?) How many books have you written?
(how long I write I books?) How long have you been writing books?
7 A friend of yours is saving money to go on a world trip. You ask:
(how long I save?) How long have you been saving?
(how much money I save?) How much money have you saved?
10.3 Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple (I have done) or continuous
(I have been doing).
1 Where have you been? Have you been playing (you I play) tennis?
2 Look! Somebody's broken (somebody I break) that window.
3 You look tired. Have you been working (you I work) hard?
4 ' Have you ever worked (you I ever I work) in a factory?' 'No, never.'
5 'Liz is away on holiday.' 'Is she? Where's she been going has she gone (she I go) ?' -> đã đi đâu, chớ k
phải đang đi đâu
6 My brother is an actor. He's appeared (he I appear) in several films.
7 'Sorry I'm late.' 'That's all right. I haven't been waiting (I I not I wait) long.'
8 'Is it still raining?' 'No, it's stopped' (it/stop)
9 I have lost (I I lose) my phone. Have you saw seen (you I see) it anywhere? -> quên chia V3
10 I have been reading (I I read) the book you lent me, but I haven't finished (I I not I finish) it yet. it's
very interesting.
11I've read (I I read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.
12 This is a very old book. I've been having ‘ve had (I I have) it since I was a child.-> have không dùng
tiếp diễn
Unit 11: How long have you (been) -33
Are the underlined verbs right or wrong?11.1 Correct them where necessary.
1 Ben is a friend of mine. I know him very well. Ok
2 Ben is a friend of mine. I know him for a long time. I've known him
3 Sarah and Adam are married since July. Sarah and Adam have been married since July.
4 The weather is awful. lt's raining again. OK
5 The weather is awful. lt's raining all day. It's been raining all day.
6 I like your house. How long are you living there? How long have you been living/ lived there?
7 Gary is working in a shop for the last few months. Gary has worked/ has been working in a shop for the
last few months.
8 I don't know Tom well. We've only met a few times. OK
9 I gave up drinking coffee. I don't drink it for a year. I haven't been drinking haven’t drunk it for a year.
-> haven’t k dùng tiếp diễn
10 That's a very old bike. How long do you have it? How long have you had it?
11.2 Read the situations and write questions from the words in brackets.
1 A friend tells you that Paul is in hospital. You ask him:
(how long I be I in hospital?) How long has Paul been in hospital?
2 You meet a woman who tells you that she teaches English. You ask her:
(how long I teach I English?) How long have you been teaching English? / have taught
3 You know that Jane is a good friend of Katherine's. You ask jane:
(how long I know I Katherine?) How long have you known Katherine?
4 Your friend's brother went to Australia some time ago and he's still there. You ask your friend:
(how long I be I in Australia?) How long has your brother been in Australia?
5 Tom always wears the same jacket. lt's a very old jacket. You ask him:
(how long I have I that jacket?) How long have you had that jacket?
6 You are talking to a friend about joe. joe now works at the airport. You ask your friend:
(how long I work I at the airport?) How long have you worked/been working at the airport?
7 A friend of yours is having guitar lessons. You ask him:
(how long I have I guitar lessons?) How long have you been having guitar lessons?
8 You meet somebody on a plane. She says that she lives in Chicago. You ask her:
(always I live I in Chicago?) Have you always lived in Chicago?
11.3 Complete B's answers to A's questions.
Paul is in hospital, isn't he? Yes, he has been in hospital since Monday
2 Do you see Ann very often? No, I haven't seen her for three months.
3 Is Amy married? Yes, she has married for ten years.
4 Are you waiting for me? Yes, I have been waiting for the last half hour.
5 You know Mel, don't you? Yes, we haven't seen known each other a long time. -> không đổi từ
6 Do you still play tennis? No, I haven't played tennis for years.
7 Is joe watching TV? Yes, he's been watching TV all evening.
8 Do you watch TV a lot? No, I haven't watched TV for ages.
9 Do you have a headache? Yes, I have been having/ have had a headache all morning -> nghĩa sở hữu??
tưởng đồ vật thôi have had headache/ have been having guitar lessons
10 Adrian is never ill, is he? No, he hasn't been ill since I've known him.
11 Are you feeling ill? Yes, I have been feeling/ have felt ill all day.
12 Sue lives in Berlin, doesn't she? Yes, she has been living/ has lived in Berlin for the last few years.
13 Do you go to the cinema a lot? No, I haven't gone to the cinema for ages.
14 Would you like to go to New? Yes, I’ve always wanted to go to New York. (use always I want)
Unit 12: For and since When? and how long? 35
12.1 Write for or since.
1 lt's been raining since lunchtime
2 Sarah has lived in Paris since1995.
3 Paul has lived in Brazil for ten years.
4 I' m tired of waiting. We've been sitting here for an hour.
5 Kevin has been looking for a job since he left school.
6 I haven't been to a party for ages.
7 I wonder where joe is. I haven't seen him since last week.
8 jane is away. She's been away since Friday.
9 The weather is dry. lt hasn't rained for a few weeks
12.2 Write questions with how Long and when.
1 it's raining.
(how long?) How long has it been raining?
(when?) When did it start raining?
2 Kate is learning Japanese.
(how long I learn?) How long has Kate been learning Japanese?
(when I start?) When did Kate start learning Japanese?
3 I know Simon.
(how long I you I know?) How long have you known Simon?
(when I you I first I meet?) When did you and Simon first meet?
4 Rebecca and David are married.
(how long?) How long have Rebecca and David been married?
(when?) When did Rebecca and David marry?
12.3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
1 It's raining. It's been raining since lunchtime. It started raining at lunchtime.
2 Ann and jess are friends. They first met years ago. They first met years ago. They've known each other
for years.
3 Mark is ill. He became ill on Sunday. He has been ill since Sunday.
4 Mark is ill. He became ill a few days ago. He has been illed for a few days.
5 Sarah is married. She's been married for a year. She got married a year ago
6 You have a headache. lt started when you woke up. I've had a headache since I woke up.
7 Sue has been in Italy for the last three weeks. She went to Italy three weeks ago.
8 You're working in a hotel. You started six months ago. I've been working/ worked in a hotel for six
months.
12.4 Write B's sentences using the words in brackets.
1 A: Do you often go on holiday?
B: No, I haven't had a holiday for five years.
2 A: Do you often see Laura?
B: No, I haven't seen her for about a month.
3 A: Do you often go to the cinema?
B: No, I haven't gone/ been to the cinema for a long time. -> thì V3 gone chuyển thành been
4 A: Do you often eat in restaurants?
B: No, I haven't eaten/been in restaurants for ages.
Now write B's answers again. This time use lt's ... since ... .
5 (1) No, it's five years since I had a holiday.
6 (2) No, it's about a month since I saw Laura
7 (3) No, it's a long time since I went to the cinema
8 (4) No, it's ages some I ate in restaurants.