UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY (EEE250)

PRACTICAL REPORT

EXPERIMENT:

……………………………………………….

PREPARED BY:
NAME STUDENT NO.

SCALE
CONTENT REMARK
POOR FAIR GOOD
Objectives

Introduction

Experiment Procedure

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Reference

Format

Just tick (√) for the scale

Lecturer
Feedback
Comment
 RUBRICS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY (EEE250) - PRA (3%)

PRACTICAL REPORT ASSESSMENT (30 Marks) – 3%

CO4-PO10
Very Weak Weak Fair Good Weig Marks
Sub- Scor
Criteria ht (s x
Attribute 1 2 3 4 e (s)
(w) w)

Able to write
Able to write
Not able to ideas fairly Able to
Clarity ideas with
write ideas clear but write ideas x2.5
excellent
clearly require minor clearly
clarity
improvement

Able to write
Written Able to write
Not able to ideas fairly Able to
Communicati Coheren ideas with
write ideas coherent but write ideas x2.5
on ce excellent
coherently require minor coherently
coherence
improvement

Able to write
Excellent
Not able to ideas fairly Able to
ability to
Systemat write ideas systematic write ideas
write ideas x2.5
ic systematical but require systematica
systematicall
ly minor lly
y
improvement

TOTAL MARKS = (s x w)

LECTURER’S COMMENT
 Table of Contents

OBJECTIVE........................................................................................................................... 4
1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 4
2.0 EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES.......................................................................................4
2.1 List of equipment.......................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Procedure..................................................................................................................... 5
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.........................................................................................6
4.0 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................. 7
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................... 7
APPENDICES........................................................................................................................ 8
 TITLE (OP-AMP CHARACTERISTICS)

OBJECTIVE

Sample:
The main objectives of the experiment are:
1. To verify experimentally that the gain of an op-amp can be made dependent on the
external negative feedback loop.
2. To utilize an op-amp as an inverting and a non-inverting amplifier and verify its
characteristics.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Introduction (sometimes called Background) should:

1. Introduce the topic and purpose of the experiment

2. Explain the relevant theory in detail, including relevant laws, equations or theorems
3. Indicate the method/s you will use for analysis, such as nodal analysis, numerical
modelling or microscopy.

2.0 EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES

2.1 List of equipment

The equipment and components used in this experiment are summarized in Table1.

Table 1: List of equipment used

Equipment Brand/Model Serial Number Quantity

1. Oscilloscope Tektronix/TDS 210 B027520 1

2. Signal generator Tektronix/CFG 253 TW52136 1

3. Regulated DC source Tektronix/PS280 D345672 1

4. Multimeter Tektronix/DMM870 TW138061 1

5. Op-Amp IC 741C 2

6. Resistor 19 kohm 3

7. Resistance decade box Lionmount/KF19 1

2.2 Procedure

Under the experiment procedures heading, you should describe each step of the
lab test. Here, you might also document your goals and the steps taken to accomplish
those goals. Basically, you are writing down everything you did during the experiment.
The experiment procedures section tells readers what you wanted to accomplish (to
measure the voltage of a circuit, for instance), what steps you took to accomplish your
goals, and what materials and equipment you used to accomplish your goals. The
experiment procedures section is fairly self-explanatory. In it, describe each step of the
experiment that you went through in order to complete the tasks. Be sure to write this
section in the past tense since you are reporting work you have already completed. This
section of the report should be extremely straightforward. There is no need for you to tell
what you found, that is, you do not have to explain the results of the experiment. Instead,
you should explain exactly what you did to get your results

Sample:

The circuit in Figure 1 was connected.

Figure 1: An inverting amplifier circuit

1. The power supplies were switched on.

2. The signal Vin was gradually increased until it reached a value just below the
point where the waveform was distorted.
3. Using an oscilloscope, the input and output signals were recorded and tabulated
for five gradual steps.
4. ...and so on ...
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this section you should:

1. Tabulate all the results obtained. Include appropriate numbering and title for the
tables and graphs.
2. Write a sentence or two to draw attention to key points or important findings in the
tables or graphs.

Be brief when writing your results. If a lab test has more than one findings, report the
findings under separate subheadings. Typically, in the results section, you should present
the numerical data of your findings. Be sure not to include details about how you
performed a lab test. Instead, report only on the outcome(s). For example, "The results of
the three tests are x, y, and z."

Sample:
The experimental results for Figure 1 are presented in Table 2.

Table 2: Tabulated values of Vin and Vo for the different values in Rr

Rr (kΩ) Vin (V) Vo (V) Vo/Vin Phase Difference

If there are questions given, answer them accordingly. One of the goals of the discussion
section is to comment on the outcome(s) of what you did. You can also speculate about
the implications of what you found or even about the methods you used to obtain your
results.

As you write this section, be sure to reflect on your data - write statements on what you
think the data is telling you. You should also include figures as necessary. If you choose
to comment on the procedures, you should ask yourself questions such as, "What are the
advantages of this method compared to other ways?" or "What are its deficiencies, or
difficulties compared to other ways?"

The discussion section is the most important part of your report, because, here, you show
that you understand the experiment beyond the simple level of completing it. Explain.
 Analyze. Interpret. Some people like to think of this as the "subjective" part of the report.
By that, they mean, this is what is not readily observable. This part of the lab report
focuses on understanding "What is the significance or meaning of the results?" To
answer this question, use analysis aspects of discussion:

Analysis:

What do the results indicate clearly?

What have you found?
Explain what you know with certainty, based on your results.

4.0 CONCLUSION

This section demonstrates what was learned from the experiment. Here, what has been
gained in understanding, both from the experiment itself and from any background
reading in preparing the report are emphasized
Conclusion section can be very short in most undergraduate laboratory reports. Simply
state what you know now for sure, as a result of the lab experiment. You may:

1. State the conclusion of your findings.

2. Justify your conclusion.
3. Highlight the significance of your findings.
4. Suggest what can be done in further research.

REFERENCES

List down the references used.

[1] Alen, A. K. (2001). Electronic system design (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
[2] Ariffin, R. (2002). Hardware implementation procedures. Journal of Electronic Design,
5(2), 20–28.
[3] Ray, O. (2004). How the mind hurts and heals the body. American Psychologist, 59, 29–
40. Retrieved August 19, 2005, from http://www.apa.org/
journals/releases/amp59129.pdf
APPENDICES

Appendices typically include such elements as raw data, calculations, graphs,

pictures or tables that have not been included in the report itself. Each item should be
presented in a separate appendix. If you decide to include appendices, make sure you
refer to each appendix at least once in your report. For example, you may begin the
results section by noting: "Micrographs printed from the Scanning Electron Microscope
are shown in Appendix A." Also, make a list of your appendices for easy reference.

Sample:

Appendix A: Data Sheets of Components

Appendix B1: Calculations of phase difference for different values of R2. Appendix
B2: Calculations of the percentage of error for different values of phase
difference.