Chapter #2

Part 2

The Internet
and World Wide Web
 Objectives of This Lecture
• Describe how to use a search engine to search for
information on the Web.
• Present the types of Web sites: portals, blogs,…etc.
• Recognize how Web pages use graphics, animation,
audio, video, virtual reality, and plug-ins.
• Identify the steps required for Web publishing.
• Explain how e-mail, mailing lists, instant messaging,
chat rooms, VoIP, FTP, and newsgroups and
message boards work.
• Identify the rules of netiquette.
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 Search Engines
• A search engine is a computer program to help you
locating information that includes words that are
similar to the words that you typed in.

• Two types of search tools are search engines and

subject directories.
– A search engine is a program that finds Web sites, Web
pages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information
related to a specific topic. Example: Google.
– A subject directory classifies Web pages in an organized set
of categories or groups, such as sports or shopping, and
related subcategories. Example: Yahoo.
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 Searching the Web
• The first step in successful searching is to identify
the main concept in the topic about which you
are seeking information.
• Techniques to Use Search Engines:
The following list identifies techniques you can
use to improve your searches:
– Use specific nouns.
– Put the most relevant terms first in the search text.
– Use the asterisk (*) to substitute characters in words.
For example, retriev* displays hits containing
retrieves, retrieval, retriever, and any other variation.4
 Searching the Web (cont.)
• Techniques to use Search Engines (cont.)

–Use quotation marks to include exact phrases.

–List all possible spellings, for example, email, e-mail.

–Before using a search engine, read its Help information.

–If the search is unsuccessful with one search engine, try

another.
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 Subject Directories
• A subject directory provides categorized lists of links
arranged by subject.
• Using this search tool, you locate a particular topic
by clicking links through different levels, moving
from the general to the specific.

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 Types of Web Sites
• A portal is a Web site that offers a variety of
Internet services from a single, convenient location.
• A news Web site contains newsworthy material
including stories and articles relating to current
events, life, money, sports, and the weather.
• An informational Web site contains factual
information.
• Business/Marketing Web site contains content that
promotes or sells products or services.
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 Types of Web Sites (cont.)
• A blog, short for Weblog, is an informal Web site
consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or
journal format.
– A blog that contains video clips is called a video blog
or vlog.
– A microblog allows users to publish short messages,
usually between 100 and 200 characters, for others to
read. Twitter is a popular microblog.
• A wiki is a collaborative Web site that allows users to
create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via
their Web browser.
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 Types of Web Sites (cont.)
• An online social network, also called a social
networking Web site, is a Web site that encourages
members in its online community to share their
interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos
with other registered users.
A media sharing Web site is a specific type of
online social network that enables members to
share media such as photos, music, and videos.

• An educational Web site offers exciting, challenging

avenues for formal and informal teaching and
learning. 9
 Types of Web Sites (cont.)
• An entertainment Web site offers an interactive
and engaging environment.
• An advocacy Web site contains content that
describes a cause, opinion, or idea.
• A Web application, or Web app, is a Web site that
allows users to access and interact with software
through a Web browser on any computer or
device that is connected to the Internet.

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 Types of Web Sites (cont.)
• A content aggregator is a business that gathers
and organizes Web content and then distributes,
or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a
fee.
Example: Really Simple Syndication (RSS) is a
specification that content aggregators use to
distribute content to subscribers.
• Personal Web site is a private Web site not
usually associated with any organization.
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 Evaluating a Web Site
Evaluation
Criteria Reliable Web Sites

Affiliation A reputable institution should support the Web site without bias in the information.

Audience The Web site should be written at an appropriate level.

Authority The Web site should list the author and the appropriate credentials.

Content The Web site should be well organized and the links should work.

Currency The information on the Web page should be current.

The pages at the Web site should download quickly, be visually pleasing, and easy to
Design
navigate.

Objectivity The Web site should contain little advertising and be free of preconceptions.

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 Multimedia on the Web
• Multimedia refers to any application that
combines text with graphics, animation, audio,
video, and/or virtual reality.
• Graphics: A graphic, or graphical image, is a digital
representation of non-text information such as a
drawing, chart, or photo. A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger graphic.
• Animation: Many Web pages use animation,
which is the appearance of motion created by
displaying a series of still images in sequence. 13
 Multimedia on the Web (cont.)
• Audio On the Web, you can listen to audio clips
and live audio. Audio includes music, speech, or
any other sound. Media Player 3 (MP3) is a
format that reduces an audio file to about one-
tenth its original size.
– Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow.
– A podcast is recorded audio, usually an MP3 file,
stored on a Web site that can be downloaded to a
computer or a portable media player such as an iPod.
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 Multimedia on the Web(cont.)
• Video On the Web, you can view video clips or
watch live video on the Web. Most video also has
accompanying audio.
The Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG)
defines a popular video compression standard, a
widely used one called MPEG-4 or MP4.
• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to
simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space.
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 Web Publishing
• Web publishing is the development and
maintenance of Web pages. To develop a Web
page, you do not have to be a computer
programmer.
• The five major steps to Web publishing are:
1. Plan a Web site
2. Analyze and design a Web site
3. Create a Web site
4. Deploy a Web site
5. Maintain a Web site 16
 Web Publishing (cont.)
• Millions of people worldwide join online
communities, each called a social networking.
• People also use blogs to publish their thoughts on
the Web.
• A microblog, such as Twitter, allows users to
publish short messages, usually between 100 and
200 characters, for others to read.
• A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site
that can be downloaded to a computer or a
portable media player such as an iPod.
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 E-Commerce
• E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, is any
business transaction that occurs over the Internet.
• Three Major types of e-commerce are :
– Business-to-consumer (B2C): sale of goods and services to the
general public. E-retail, occurs when businesses use the Web to
sell products.

– Consumer-to-consumer (C2C): when one consumer sells directly

to another, such as in an online auction. With an online auction,
users bid on an item being sold by someone else.

– Business-to-business (B2B): Many businesses provide goods and

services to other businesses, such as online advertising, recruiting,
credit, sales, market research, technical support, and training.
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An Example of E-Retail

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 Other Internet Services
• E-mail: is the transmission of messages and files via a computer
network. E-mail is a primary communications method for personal
or business use.
• Mailing lists: A mailing list, also called an e-mail list or distribution
list, is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name.
When a message is sent to a mailing list, every person on the list
receives a copy of the message in his or her mail box.
• Instant messaging: is a real-time Internet communications service
that notifies you when one or more people are online and then
allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat
room with them.
• Real time means that you and the people with whom you are
conversing are online at the same time. 20
 Other Internet Services (cont.)
• Chat: is a real-time typed conversation that takes
place on a computer. A chat room is a location on
an Internet server that permits users to chat with
each other.
• Voice over the Internet Protocol (VoIP), also called
Internet telephony : enables users to speak to
other users over the Internet.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP): is an Internet standard
that permits the process of file uploading and
downloading with other computers on the
Internet. 21
 Other Internet Services (cont.)
• Newsgroups and Message Boards :
– A newsgroup is an online area in which users have
written discussions about a particular subject. Some
newsgroups require you to enter a user name and
password to participate in the discussion.
– A message board is a popular Web-based type of
discussion group that does not require a newsreader.
Many Web sites use message boards instead of
newsgroups because they are easier to use.

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 Netiquette
• Netiquette, which is short for Internet etiquette, is the code of
acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet.
• Following are some of the rules of netiquette:
– In e-mail, chat rooms, and newsgroups:
• Keep messages brief. Use proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
• Be careful when using sarcasm and humor, as it might be
misinterpreted.
• Avoid offensive language.
• Read the message before you send it.
• Use meaningful subject lines.
• Avoid abusive or insulting messages .
• Avoid sending spam.
• Do not use all capital letters, which is the equivalent of SHOUTING!

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