CHAPTER

DISTANCE, SPEED
TIME& TRAINS
SPEED
The rate at which any moving body covers a particular distarce is
d--1a-b
called its speed
Distance Time =Istance
Speed | ime Speed d-(a-b-12
Distance = Speed x time 'd' from A to B with speed 'a' in
Unit: SI unit of speed is metre per second (mps). It is also measured
Ifa body travels a distance
distance
timet and travels back from B to A i.e., the same
in kilometers per hour (kmp) or miles per hour (mph).
Conversion ofunits: with ofthe usual speed 'a', then the change in time taken
) I hour =
60 minutes 60 60 seconds.
= x
n

I km= 1000 m tocover the same distance

is given by:
I km=0.6214 mile
I mile= 1.609km, i.e.,
8 k1m=5 miles
Range intime- forforn>m
l yard= 3 feet
Oi
1foot 12 inches
N |*1, for m>n
I km/h = m/sec, If first part of the distance is covered at the rate of v, in time

and the second part of the distance is covered at the rate

18
I m/sec = km/h
ofv, in time t2, then the average speed is ttt
I miles/hr =sec Relative Speed: When two bodies are moving in same direction
with speeds S, and S, respectively, their relative speed is the
Total Distance
-
Average speed =

Total time
difference of their speeds.
While travelling a certain distance d, if a man changes his ie. Relative Speed =S,-S
When two bodies are moving in opposite direction with speeds S,
speed in the ratio m:n, then the ratio of time taken becomes and S, respectively, their relative speed is the sumof their speeds.
n:m.
I f a certain distance (d), say fromA to B, is covered at 'a* ie. Relative Speed =S, +S

km/hr and the same distance is covered again say from B to A

in 'b' km/hr, then the average speed during the whole journey Example:
is given by The driver of a maruti car driving at the speed of 68 km/h
locates a bus 40 metres ahead of him. After 10 seconds, the
2ab km bus is 60 metres behind. The speed of the bus is
Average speeda+b hr (a) 30 km/h (6) 32 km/h
(which is the harmonic means of a and b (c) 25 km/h (d) 38 km/h
Also, ift, and t, is time taken to travel from Ato Band B to A Sotutlon:
respectively, the distance'd' from Ato B is given by (b) Let speed of Bus =S km/h

a0 Now, in 10 sec., car covers the relative distance

d(4 a+b) - (60+40)m= 100 m
 MATHEMAT A

M-182
Example 4
00 her and scuds
from
off inthe
Relative speed of car 10m/s
A nare sees a
dor 100 m away
later the
A minute
10
opposite direton at a speed of 12 km/h
of 1 km/
dog perccves her and grves chase at speedwhat dstance
10 36 m h and at
How soon wll the dog overtake the hare
from the spot where the hare took lighr
68 S 6 Solution
Suppuse the hare at I sees the dog at D
Sg 32km h

Exanmple 2:
Ifa person goes around an equilateral triangle shaped field
at speed of 10, 20 and 40 kmph on the first, second and thind D-T00
sees her

side respectively and reaches back to the starting point cK be the position of the hare where the dog
I
by the hare in
min
HK the distance gone
then find his average speed during the journey
Solution: 12 1000
11 200 m
Let the measure of cach side oftriangle is Dkm. The person 60
travelled the distance from Ato B with 10 kmph, B to Cwith DK 100 200 =300 m
20 kmph and C to A with 40 kmph. The hare thus has a start of 300 m.
Now tlie Jog Las(l6-12) or 4 km/h.

he dog will gam 300 m in

60x300 min or min
x 1000

Again. the distance gone by the hare in 4 min

121000 900m
60

B
Distance of the place where the hare is caught from the
spotHwhere the hare took flight= 200+900= 1100 m
IfTAB Time taken by the person to travel from AtoB,
TRC Time taken by the person to travel from B to C and Ltd persons (or vehicles or trains) start at the same time in
points A and B, and after
TcA Time taken by the person to travel from C to A. opposite directions from two

Then total time =TAB TpcTCA crossing each other they take x and y hours respectively to
complete the journey, then
D4.7D
040 8040 Speed of first
Total distance travelled = D +D+D=3D Speed of second

Hence, average speed Example 5

Atrain starts from Ato Band another from B to Aat the same
3D 120 17 kmph.
D 7 time. After crossing each other they complete their journey
40
in and 2 hours respectively, Ifthe speedofthe firstis

Example 3: 60 km/h, then find the speed of the second tran

Two guns were fired from the same place at an interval of 15 Solution
min, but a person in a bus approaching the place hears the
second report 14 min 30 sec after the frst. Find the speed of
the bus, supposing that sound travels 330 m per sec. Ist train's speed
Solution: 2nd train's speed
Distance traveled by the bus in 14 min 30 sec could be
travelled by sound in (15 min-14 min 30 sec) =
30 second

Bustravels= 330 x 30 in 14 min.

Speed of the bus per hour 60

2nd irain's speed 7
330x30x2x60 99x1236 404 km/hr
29x 1000 2 n d train's speed = 70 km/h.
29 29 29
DsTANCE SPEED, TME&TRANS 183

A man covers a certain distance D if he moves $, speed

1 f ew
speed isof usual speed. then faster, he woukd have takent tume iess and f he movesS
speed siower, he wouid have taken t tme mare. The orizinal
peed is given by
Usual tmeChangeintume

Example Example&
Aman covers a certain distance on scooter Had he moved
A boy walking a of hus usual speed. reaches hs schcol km/h faster, he would have taken 20 min less Ifhe had moved
2 kmh slower, he would have taken 20 min more. Find the
14 min iate Find his usual time to reach the school original speed
Solution Sodution

Usai time 14x2min Speed

Ifaperson with two different speeds U &V cover the sane
Example 7:
A ran after travelling S0 km. meets with an accident and
distance, then required distance

UV between aival time

then proceeds at of its former rate and arrives at the U-yethce

terminal 45 minutes late. Had the accident happened 20 km UV

Also, required distance = Total time taken
further on, it would have arrived 12 minutes sooner Find
iCDE
speed of the train and the distance
Selution: Exam9
Let Abe the starting place, Bthe termunal. Cand Dthe ph o y walking at a speed of 10 kmh reaches his school 12
where the accidents to be placed min late Next time at a speed of I5 kmh reaches his schooi
7 min late Find the distance of his school from his
hous
D Solution
Diferencebetweenchetime = 12 -7- Smin -
By travellingat ofitsoriginal rate the train would take

15 10
ofts usual time,ie. ofits originaltime more Required disiance-1012 10 12 2n
of the usual time taken to travel the distance A man leaves a point A at t and reaches the point B at t,
Another man leaves the point B at t, and reaches the poet
CB 45 min
A at t, then they will meet at

and ofthe usual time taken to travel the distance - 1 )

DB-(45-12)min ) (-)(y-y)
Subtracting (in) from (0),
Example 10
A bus leaves Ludhiana at Sam and reaches Delhi at 12 ncon
of the usual time taken to travel the distance CD 12 min Another bus leaves Delhi at8 am and reaches Ludhana a
Usual time taken on travel 20 km = 48 min. pm. At what time do the buses meet"
Solutton
20 Convertingallthe times into 24 hour clock time, weget am
Speedofthe perhour60
train or 25 kmh
500, 12 noor 1200, 8 am 800 and 3 pm = 1500

From (), we have

200-0NIS00 S
-

Time taken to travel CB = 45 x 4min = 3 hrs Required time - 500.

(1200 -S00) (1500-800)
Thedistance CB -25 *3or 75 km
Hence the distance AB thedistance (AC CB) T00x 1000
S00 1000
50+75 or 125 km 00 700
=
10am
M-184 MATHEMATICAL SKILLS

Relation between time taken with

two different modes of Solution
transport
where.
1 20, he tirst part is s of the total distance& the second p.irt
is a

hr
O the Suppose, he travels at a km specd
total distance
time when mode of transport x is used single way durny the finst half & bkm/hr speed during the second hall
time when mode of transport y is used single way When distance travelled is the same in both parts or tne

tume when mode of transport x is used both ways. 2ab

tume when mode of transport y is used both ways. journey, the average speed is givesby the formula
ab
the harimonic mean of the two speeds.

Example11: Erample 14
A man takes 6 hours 30 min. in going by a cycle and coming Two friends N and Y walk from A to B at a distance ot 9 kim.
back by scooter. He would have lost 2 hours 10 min
by
going on cycle both ways. How long would it take him to go at 3 km an hour and k m an hour respectively Y reac hes B.
by scooter both ways?
returns immediately and meet n at C. Find the distance fromA
a) 2 hrs
(b)4 hrs to C
Solution:
When Y meets X at C, Y has walked the distance AB BC
(c) 3hrs (d) $hrs and X has walked the distance AC

Solution:
(b) Clearly, time taken by him to go by scooter both wa.

6h.30m-2h 1Om= 4h.20m= 4h

Example 12
A man travels 120 km by ship, 450 km by rail and 60 km by
horse taking altogether 13 hrs 30 min The speed So,both X and Y nave walked together a distance
ofthetrai
is 3 times that of the horse and 1% times that of ship.
the Find 2 AB=2 39=78 km.
the speed of the train
Solution: The ration of the speeds of Xand Yis 3:3; Le,
,
lf the speed of the horse is x km/hr: that ofthe train is 3x and

3x Hence.thedistance travelled by X=AC= 78= 36 km

that ofthe ship is 2x km/hr
Example 15:
A man rides one-third of the distance from A to B at the rate

of 'a' kmph and the remainder at the rate of 2b' kmph. Ifhe
had travelled at the uniform rate of Je kmph. he could have
60 150 60 27 270 27 rode from A to B and back again in the same time. Find a
2 2 relationship berween a, b and c.
x=20 Speed ofthe train 60 km/hr. Soution
Let the distance between A and B is X km and T, and T, be
Example 13: the time taken, then
Rajesh travelled from the city Ato city B covering as much
distance in the second part as he did in the first part of his
2X
3 ab
journey. His speed during the second part was twice his speed
during the first part of the journey What is his average speed
Let T, be the time taken in third case.then T;
ofjourney during the entire travel ?
(1) His average speed is the harmonic mean ofthe individual 2X (a b)<atb 2ab
speed for the two parts. 3ab ab
C a+b

(2) His average speed is the arithmetic mean ofthe individual

speed for the two parts. Example 16:
Two cyclists start trom the same place to ride in the same
3) His average speed is the geometric mean ofthe individual
direction A starts at noon at 8 kmph and B at I 30 pm at
speeds for the two parts.
1Okmph. How far will A have ridden before he is overtaken by
(4) Cannot be determined. B' Find also at what timesA and B will be 5 km apart.
 u-185
DisTANCE SPEED, TIME& TRAINS
S,
Solution . When two trains with lengths , and L, and wth speeds
A rides for X hours betore he is ovcrtaken, then B rdes for and S, respcctively, then
ime taken
(a) When they are moving in the same direction
(X-15)hrs the laster irain to cross the slower tram
8X= 10 (X - 1.5)=>X-75 by
Awillhaveridden 8 75 km ro60 k
Tor the second part, if Y the required number of hours aler
L
difference of their speeds
noon, then direction, time
b) When they are moving in the opposite
8X10(X-1.5)+5 aken by the irains to cross each other
X= 10or 5 according as B is ahead or behind A
The
required timesare S pim ant pm
sum of their speeds
Example 17:
two trains or two bodies are moving in the same
Two men Aand B start fromplace Pwalk ing at 3 km and
a 3' Suppose
the dircction at u km hr andvkm/hr respectively such that u> v,

kmph respectively. How many km apart will they be at

end of 2% hours then
(u- v) km/hr
theirrelative speed
=

() If they walk in opposite directions

km respectively, then time taken
(i) If they walk in the same direction Iftheir lengths be x km and y
train to cross the slower train ímoving in the
(1i) What time will they take to be 16 km apart if by the faster
the
(a)they walk in opposile directions (h)
in same

direction?
same direction) =

U-V
hrs
Solution:
wll be two trains or two bodies are moving in oppos1te
()When they walk in opposite directions, they Suppose
km/hr and v kim hr, then their relative speed
directions at u

=6km apart in I hour (u v) km hr.

k1m &y km, then
Iftheir lengths be x

In 2 hours they will be 6x =16 km apa ime taken to crosS each other U+V
hrs

will be
() If they walk in the same direction. they ta man is running at a speed of u m sec in the same direction

in which train of length L meters is running at a speed

S a

- km apart in I hour v m/sec, then (v u) m/sec is calied the speed of the train
the
relative to man. Then the time taken by the train to cross

I n 2 hourstheywilbe ,*, =km apart

man seconds
directions V-u
(ii) Time to be 16 km apart while walking in opposite Ifa man is running at a speed otu m/sec in a direction opposite

to that in which a train oflength

L meters is running with a
2 hours speed v m/sec, then (u v) is
called the speed of the train
+

relativeto man.
But if they walk in the same directio0n, Then the time taken by the train to cross the man

time 632 hours seconds.

V+u
two points A and B
If two trains start at the same time from
take a and b
towards each other and after crossing, they
TRAINS Then,
A train is said to have crossed an object (stationary or moving) hours in reaching B and A respectively.

only when the last coach of the train object

crosses the said
completely. implies
It that the total length of the train has crossed
A's speed B'sspeed= (vb va

the total length of the object. Example 18:

the rate of
Time taken by a train to cross a pole/a standing man
How long does a train 90 im long running at

54 km/h take to cross-

-
Lengthof train (a) a Mahatma Gandhi's statue
Speed of train (b) a platform 120 m long?
Time taken by a train to cross platform/bridge etc. (ie a
(c) another train 150m long, standing on another parallel
stationary object with some length) track?
another train 160 m long running at a6 km h in same
of platforn1/bridge etc. (d)
length of train length +

speed of train direction

M-186
MATHEMATICAL SKILLS
(e) another train 160 m
long running at 36 km/h in
opposite Example 19
direction? in
tracks
(0 a man
running at 6 km/h in sanme direction" WO trains lengths are running on parallel
of equal
Ihe
(g)a man running at 6 km/h in the same direction at 46 km/h and 36 km/h, respectively
Solution: opposite direction? length or
Taster train passes the slower train in 36 sec. The
(ahe statue is a
stationary object, so time taken by train each tran IS
IS Same as time taken by train to cover a distance equal (a) 50m (b) 80m
to its own
length. (c) 72m (d) 82m
Now, 54 km h 54x=15m/s Soluton
18
(a) Let ne length of each train be x metres
90
Required time = 6sec.
=(x + x) =
2x m
5 Then, the total distance covered
(b The platform is stationary of length= 120 m.
Length to be covered 10x5
ms
Relative speed =(46 -36) 10 km/h
=
=

Length of the train Length of the platform 18

90 120 210 m

Required time =* T0 14 sec. Now 3 6 - * * 1 0 r x= 50 m

50
(C) Length to be covered
Length of the train length of the other tran Lvample 20
time
A Irain I 10 m m length travels at 60 km/h. How much
90 150 240 m does the train take in passing a man walking at 6 km/h against
240
Required time = 16 sec.
15
thetrain?
(d Another traun is moving in same direction (a) 6s b) 12s

Length to be covered (d) 18s

=

Length of the train+ length of the other train Soluiiðn:

=90 160 250 m (a) Relative speeds ofthe train and the man
Relative speed 54-36= 18 kmph.
=

66x5
250 (60+6) = 66 km/h= m/s

Required time 2 50 sec 18

18x
Distance =10 m
(e) Another train is moving in opposite direction. Therefore, time taken in pasing the men
Length to be covered
Length of the train + length ofthe other train 10x18 6s
66x5
90 160-250m
Relative speed = 54 +36=90 kmph

250
Example21:
Two trains 137 metres and 163 metres in length are running
Required speed =10 sec
towards each other on parallel lines, one at the rate of 42
-x 90
18
kmph and another at 48 kmph. In what time will they be clear
() The man is moving in same direction, of each other from the moment they meet?
so Length to be covered = Length of the train,
(a) 10 sec (b) 12 sec
and relative speed = speed oftrain speed of man
(c)14sec (d) cannot be determined
Solution
90
Required time = -

(b) Relative speed of the trains

(54-6)x
8 =(42+48)kmph=90 kmph
=6 sec.
0
|90xm/sec =25 m/sec.
gThe man is moving in opposite direction, so
Length to be covered = Length of the train, and Time taken by the trains to pass each other
relative speed = speed of train + speed of man Timetaken to cover (137+163) mat 25 m/sec
90
300
Required time 25sec=12seconds.
(546)x
18