TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………...…………………… 3

OBJECTIVES ………………………………………………………………………………….. 4

STAAD. PRO ( CAD SOFTWARE) ………………………….………………………………. 5

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAM …………………………………………………. 6

BEAM ANALYSIS USING (STAAD PRO) …………….……………………………………. 7

BEAM ANALYSIS RESULT …………..…………………………………………..……....... 23

REPORT (RESULTS) …………...…………………………………………………………… 24

BEAM ANALYSIS USING STIFFNESS METHOD ( MANUAL CALCULATION ) ...... 38

COMPARISON ……………………………………………………………………..………… 42

CONCLUSION ……………………………..……………………………………………........ 43

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INTRODUCTION

The civil engineering has developed greatly over time. New methods have begun to appear in the
design of buildings and architectural design, based, mainly, on the technological development in
construction materials used and the reliance on environmental-friendly and stronger materials.
This report will discuss and describe the process, progress, and results between the CAD software
and the manual calculation using stiffness method.

In Structural analysis, the stiffness method is an easy way to estimate the mechanical behavior of
a structure composed of slender elements (or beam elements).

The aim of the stiffness method is to evaluate the values of generalized coordinates 'r' knowing the
structure stiffness matrix 'k' and nodal loads 'R' through the structure equilibrium equation.

{R} =[K]{r}

This report can be done either as individual or as a group which can be up to 4 students, assigned
by Dr. Zulhazmee Bin Bakri. Students are required to construct a mini project based on syllabus
requirement for SA III. The objective of this report is for students to be able to develop and design
finite element analysis by using computer aided design (CAD) software and subsequently compare
the results with manual calculation from SA III methods.

It is well known fact that users of any software for structural analysis and Design do not know
whether the program is having any bugs or its correctness while using. Since any program
developed may contain some error or bugs it is necessary for the users to check the model
and analysis and design results manually

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OBJECTIVES
MINI PROJECT FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS III (CIVE3113) SEM. MARCH 2021
1. Introduction.
a. Students are required to construct a mini project based on syllabus requirement for SA III.
Marks allocated for Mini Project is 15%.
2. Objectives
a. Students will be able to develop and design finite element analysis by using computer aided
design (CAD) software and subsequently compare the results with manual calculation from
SA III methods.
3. Methodology
a. Construct structural element by using computer aided design (CAD) software i.e., LUSAS,
Staad Pro, Esteem or any other software that you can get it for free from internet.
b. Each step must be shown clearly i.e., develop coordinates, assign attributes, meshing
technique and etc.
4. Type of loading:-
a. Combination at least two types of loadings for each structural elements i.e., point load, UDL,
triangular load etc.
5. Students must compare the results from software analysis (You can use any type of software
analysis as stated in no. 3) with manual calculation i.e., Stiffness Matrix Method or Force
Matrix Method and briefly explain the differences.
6. You can submit your mini project by individual OR by group based on the conditions as
stated below:
Individual Group
1 type of structural (must be indeterminate 2 types of structural (must be indeterminate
structures with minimum 2nd degree of structures with minimum 2 nd degree of
freedom) freedom)
consists of:- i. Beam, OR ii. Truss consists of:- i. Beam: ii. Truss
(Max: 4 students per group)

7. Please follow IUKL Assignment format. Put some introduction and conclusion as well as your
constructive comments regarding your findings about software and manual calculations.

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STAAD. PRO ( CAD SOFTWARE)

STAAD Pro is a handy software for structural engineers to make accurate structural analysis and
design. The program supports the analysis of different types of structural elements like bridges,
structural beams, floodgates, and much more.

STAAD PRO stands for Structural Analysis And Design Programming. Staad pro software is
widely used in analyzing and designing structures like buildings, bridges, towers, transportation,
industrial and utility structures. Designs can involve building structures including culverts, tunnels,
bridges, piles; and building materials like steel, concrete, timber, aluminum, and cold-formed steel.

Basically, STAAD helps structural engineers automate their tasks by removing the tedious and
long procedures of the manual methods.

STAAD allows structural engineers to analyze and design virtually any type of structure. Structural
engineering firms, structural consultants, departments in construction companies, and government
agencies use this software extensively.

There are many reasons to why I chose staad pro, rather than the other softwares, some of them
are because staad pro has many capabilities and a has a flexible modeling environment. It also
complies with seismic requirements, create finite elements meshes and a lot more.. it has a simple
and easy to learn user interface.

It is currently developed by Bentley Systems Inc.

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Beam

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BEAM ANALYSIS USING (STAAD PRO) This is the STAAD Pro
Software, downloaded
from web

After Installing and running the software, the below picture is what you will see, I will guide the
steps and processes in this report.

This is the graphical user interface. It is what the user will see as soon as they run the software.

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 Space – 3D frame structure applied
in any plane, it is the most
common.

Step 1 - By clicking “New Project”, this will show up, adjust the type of frame, whether it is
space, truss.. etc., the length units and the force units. Then press Next.

Step 2 – I added beam, because it is what I will be needing, and will click finish to move to the
next step.

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 Close the
default grid

The default Grid will show up, I can either continue from it, or start a new one.

From my beam,
the points are 0,
8 and 14

STEP 3 – In this page you can see the nodes in the top right corner, which means the points, that
you will be adding from the question or beam. My points are 0,8, and 14 which makes the 3rd
point 6. That is the length of it. You will also notice the points in the screen.

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 Add Beam

Step 4 – After clicking in the page, the points will be on a straight line which the user will have
to connect them.

I connected the points together from the start to the midpoint, then again from the midpoint to the
last point.
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It will look like this after connecting the points.

Go to General

Step 5 – This is the step in which you will be able to define the points, first go to general, then
click ‘Define’ at the right box.

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 Rectangle
YD: 0.3
ZD: 0.2

Step 6 – Select Rectangle, then adjust the YD to 0.3 and the ZD to 0.2, and make sure to specify
the Material, I chose concrete, then added it.

Go to General

Step 7 – After selecting General, In the right side, the user will select Assign to view, from
which they will be able to view their support.

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After Assigning, you will see your points.

Step 7 – Click Create to create your support and view it, for the fixed ends.

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After Creating the fixed end, go to the ‘fixed but’ which is the roller, in which you will select all
except the FY for the roller to be there. Then Assign and Add.

1 & 3, for
the Fixed

Step 8 – After adding supports, go to ‘Support 2’ and in the box write 1 & 3 because that is
where it is fixed. The user will see the fixed Supports in the screen.

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 2, for the
roller

Then in the same way, Select ‘Support 3’, and write 2 in the box, which indicates the roller. And
which the user will see the roller in the middle.

Load &
Definition

Select Dead,
then Add

Step 9 – Go to Load and definition, then click the Load Cases Details in the right which will
show you the new Load cases tab. First Load is the Dead, then add it.

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 Select Live,
then add

After you add the Dead Load, Add the Live, then close it.

Select
Dead,
then add

Step 10 – After Selecting the dead load, in the self weight load click add.

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 Uniform
Force

-35

Then go to the Uniform Force under Member load and add the W1 from the Question, which is
the distribution load for the live.

Concentrated
Force

-45

Then go to the concentrated Force, and add P from the Question, which is the concentrated load.

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Step 11 – Go under the dead load and press the self weight Y -1 and assign.

Then, go to under the Live load and select first the UNI GY -35 KN/M, and use a cursor to
assign it from the midpoint to the end point. Then the CON GY -45 KN/M in the left side.

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 Go to Symbols
and labels

Load
Values

Step 12 – Go to Symbols and labels, and in ‘Labels”, go to the display options and tick the Load
Values

Proceed

And in the same box, go to Scales, and adjust the point force to where the arrow gets in the
screen.

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 Dimensions

Step 13 – Click dimensions to view dimension of beams and they will be displayed in the screen.
Which will be easier to know which is which.

Go to
Analysis/Print

Then go to Analysis/Print, and you can choose from what options the print offers, I chose all for
this report. Add then Close to procced to the last step.

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In this part, you click Analyze at the top, and Run the Analysis. Or you can simply press Ctrl+f5.

0 Errors
0 Warnings
0 Nodes

Step 14 – After running the analysis, check if there are any errors, if there’s a few errors, means
the user must have mistakenly misplaced a node, or forgot a number. If there are 0 errors, 0
warnings, and 0 notes, you will be good to go.

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 Post
Processing

Step 15 – In this step, you can go to the Post Processing, and click ok.

Reactions

Last but not least, you can go to the reactions in the left and view your results. Which will show
the user the results.

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BEAM ANALYSIS RESULTS

The Results

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REPORT RESULTS IN DETAIL

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BEAM ANALYSIS USING STIFFNESS METHOD ( MANUAL CALCULATION )

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Conclusion

To Conclude, STAAD Pro is a handy software for structural engineers to make accurate
structural analysis and design. The program supports the analysis of different types of structural
elements like bridges, structural beams, floodgates, and much more. It is always better to know
two or more than a single way to counter check a project and it is very useful especially for a
large and mega projects to avoid suspicious results and to continue the design with peace of
mind.

The results from the manual calculation are almost as accurate as the Staad Pro software, and
when the manual analysis results are compared with the STAAD results, they identified that the
variation is at max 3%, which is because of the number of decimal points used. In the Staad Pro,
it was found that the calculations were less than the manual calculations. But the design of the
structure was much easier using both ways to double check the results.

STAAD Pro shows accurate results in the measurement of Shear Force and Bending Moment, it
does not involve any manual calculation; hence, it saves time and increases efficiency. It also
helps the engineers in improving the structure, section, and dimensions, offers faster methods of
designing the structure, and is ideal for measuring a wide range of loads, such as Live load, Dead
Load, Wind Load, Snow Load, Area Load, or Floor Load.

Civil engineers, especially the ones interested in structural engineering could get lots of benefits
if they know how to use it.

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