AC EARTH CURRENT GUARD (1 OR 3 CHANNELS) KPM162x/362x

• For grounded or non-grounded live networks in land, marine

and sub-sea installations

• True r.m.s. measurement not affected by heavily distorted

Waveforms

• Non-resistive earth current offset function

• Restricted or Unrestricted earth fault detection

• Highest up meter reading on KPM362x, Pathfinder function

identifies highest channel

• Analogue output proportional to meter reading (F-version)

Specifications Application
Auxiliary voltage: 100-120V, 200-240, 380-415 or The digitally controlled KPM162x (1 channel) and KPM362x (3 channels) monitors flow of earth
440-460VAC 40-70Hz (Fuse 0,5A) current between a non-grounded (IT) or grounded TN network and its protective earth. Unit can
Optional supply: 24, 48 or 110VDC (Fuse 2A) be used for either Restricted or Unrestricted earth fault detection.
Supply tolerance: +/- 10%
Power rating: 1,5VA The unit reads the level of earth leakage directly in mA. The standard range is 0-150mA. Larger scale values are
Scale range: 0-150mA as standard available, typically 500mA, 1A, 2A, 5A and 10A. The 3-channel KPM362x automatically locks the meter to read the
Other on request highest of the three channels.
Adjustments Trip level Delay
WARNING: See page 4 See page 4 An AC or DC auxiliary voltage is required for the unit. Start of monitoring function is inhibited when auxiliary power is
ALARM: See page 4 See page 4 switched on (default 2secs delay). In this way false tripping during power up, caused by initial charging of network
Contact rating: AC: 100VA - 250V/2A max. spread capacitance, is avoided.
DC: 50W - 100V/1A max.
Analogue Output: Up to 20mA, max 500R The meter and the triple-zone status LEDs give at a glance the clear safety message:
F-versions Up to 10V, min 100kohm
(other on request)
Temperature: -20 to +70ºC - ALARM (red zone)
Weight: 0.64kgs - WARNING (yellow zone)
Front protection: IP52 (IP65 optional) - HEALTHY (green zone)
MML15xx
Models: MML1502C : 100-240VAC
MML1503C : 380-460VAC General
MML1506C : 480-690VAC
RCD MEASURING PRINCIPLE
MML15010C : 1000VAC
Earth current is measured by one (KPM162x) or three (KPM362x) IG-transformers (Core Balance Current
Weight: Up to 460V: 0.3kgs
Transformer, CBCT). The measuring technique is based on the principle that the sum of the phase currents in a fault
Over 460V: 0.5kgs
free circuit is zero. If an earth fault is present, the sum of the phase currents is not zero. This current differential
produces a signal from the IG transformer, which is proportional to the earth current. All loaded wires shall go through
Core Balance Current Transformer (CBCT)
the CBCT.
Type Dimension (WxH) Inner area (WxH)
IGT12 (Toroidal) 37 x 43mm ø 12mm
IGT30 (Toroidal) ø 55mm ø 30mm OUTPUTS
IGT60 (Toroidal) ø 98mm ø 60mm The unit has C/O relay outputs for Warning andAlarm. TheAlarm relays are fail to safety configured.Atrip LED flashes
when the trip level is passed, the relay trips when the delay has elapsed. The timer resets if the fault is removed during
IGT60A (Toroidal) ø 114mm ø 64mm
countdown. Offset, trip levels and delays are settable on unit rear.
IGT110 (Toroidal) ø 154mm ø 110mm
IGT160 (Toroidal) 224 x 220mm ø 160mm
All F versions have an isolated analogue output proportional to meter reading. If output is used for remote meter
IGT200 (Toroidal) 265 x 260mm ø 200mm
reading, we recommend 0-1mA for the slave indicator.
IGR2015 (Rectangular) 330 x 218mm 200 x 150mm
IGR3015 (Rectangular) 370 x 228mm 300 x 150mm
OFFSET FUNCTION
IGR3215 (Rectangular) 390 x 228mm 320 x 150mm
Only the resistive (ohmic) earth leakage current is a measure for the insulation condition between the AC supply and
IGR3515 (Rectangular) 420 x 228mm 350 x 150mm
its protective earth. Any reading of leakage current in a fault free network will be caused by the network’s spread
IGR4015 (Rectangular) 470 x 228mm 400 x 150mm
capacitance.An offset potentiometer on the rear allows normal reactive (capacitive) currents to be ignored.
IGR5015 (Rectangular) 580 x 235mm 500 x 150mm
“PATHFINDER” FUNCTION
The unit meets EN 61010-1 Cat. III, Pollution degree 2 and the relevant The flashing pattern of the Warning or Alarm LED on the KPM362x identifies the highest-up channel producing the
environmental and EMC tests specified in EN 61326-2-4 to comply with trip.
the requirements of the major Classification Societies.

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REF: Datasheet.KPM162x_362x - REV: 2.03/07.2020
www.megacon.com © All rights reserved to Megacon
ELECTRONIC CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION Megacon reserves the right to make any changes to the information at any time
 AC EARTH CURRENT GUARD (1 OR 3 CHANNELS) KPM162x/362x
General
The difference between restricted and unrestricted earth fault protection is the location of the neutral grounding point. When combined with a suitably rated CBCT the
KPM162x or the KPM362x can be used in either application. The different TN-nets are described below:

Restricted Earth Fault Detection

Supply Load
The neutral grounding is on the LOAD side of the CBCT. Any leakage to earth on the SUPPLY side of the CBCT will be seen as an L1
imbalance situation, and will cause the Earth Leakage Guard to trip if leakage current exceeds the trip level settings. Faults on the L2
L3
LOAD side of the CBCT are not detected. N

This method is commonly used to protect generators, with trip level typically set at approximately 10% of machine output rating.

I
Unrestricted Earth Fault Detection
The neutral grounding point is on the SUPPLY side of the Core Balanced Current Transformer (CBCT). Any leakage to earth on the
LOAD side of the CBCT will be seen as an imbalance situation, and will cause the Earth Leakage Guard to trip if leakage current Alt. 1
Supply Load
exceeds the trip level settings. Faults on the SUPPLY side of the CBCT are not detected. This method is used for general protection. L1
L2
L3
PROTECTIVE EARTH (PE) GROUNDING N

In grounded supply systems the earth current measuring method must be selected on the principle of grounding used; i.e.
distributed or centralised PE-grounding. Alt. 2

A distributed system may have multiple PE-connections, and consequently all loaded wires must be CBCT monitored, shown as
I
alternative 1. In a centralised system the CBCT monitors the resultant earth current flow through the one and only PE grounding
link from a generator, a transformer or a section of a switchboard, shown as alternative 2. This method is not recommended for
paralleled generators sharing a common load.

TN-S Network
In a TN-S Network the PE and Neutral are separated all the way from the supply side. PE and N must not be connected together at CBCT
any point after the distribution point. L1
L2
L3

L1, L2, L3 and N feed in a 4-wire cable to the consumer and PE is separate.
KPM162x
KPM362x
Either all loaded wires or just the non-loaded main ground shall be fed through the CBCT.
PEN

PE form thus a continuos ground electrode.

TN-C Network
In a TN-C Network the PE-wire acts as a combined earth and Neutral wire. It is described as a "PEN-conductor" (Protective Earth CBCT
Neutral). In this net there is limited human protection against the earth fault. Ararely used system. L1
L2
L3

To overcome this you can split the PEN wire into two parts, one wire will be the Neutral and the other the PE wire (TN-C-S Network).
KPM162x
KPM362x
Either all loaded wires or just the non-loaded main ground shall be fed through the CBCT.
PEN

TN-C-S Network
TN-C-S Network is almost identical in structure to the TN-C, except that in the TN-C-S the PEN conductor is split at the distribution CBCT
point to a N-wire and a PE wire. L1
L2
L3
N
Also known as Protective Multiple Earthing (PME) or as Multiple Earthed Neutral (MEN).
KPM162x
KPM362x
Either all loaded wires or just the non-loaded main ground shall be fed through the CBCT.
PE

The MEGACON policy is one of continuous improvement, consequently

equipment supplied may vary in detail from this publication.

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 AC EARTH CURRENT GUARD (1 OR 3 CHANNELS) KPM162x/362x
KPM162x or KPM362x in an IT or TT Network
TT Network IT Network
In a TT Network the Neutral point is grounded at the transformer but the ground In an IT Network the distribution system has no connection to earth or it has a
connection is not wired to the consumer. The consumer is grounded locally. On high impedance connection. The preference for these systems is to use an
an earth fault the earth current will depend on the resistance (R) of the return insulation monitoring unit like KPM16x. However the use of a constant
path to the transformer. impedance module (MML15xx) gives the possibility to provide individual earth
fault monitoring of each consumer.
There can be a long distance between the transformer ground and the local
ground, an earth current can be high. The MML15xx provides a normalised return path for earth current detection.
This principle will only work in networks with small spread capacitance.
An earth current will normally be detected by a CBCT but it is recommended to
install a constant impedance module (MML15xx) for the return path to secure IT networks are preferred on vessels, offshore and hospital to provide the
uniform detection of an earth fault. highest possible personnel safety.

TT Network IT Network
SUPPLY CBCT LOAD SUPPLY CBCT LOAD

EARTH EARTH
MML15xx MML15xx
LEAKAGE LEAKAGE

KPM162x/ KPM162x/
KPM362x KPM362x

PE PE PE
R
Principle drawing for 3-wire three phase system Principle drawing for 3-wire three phase system

TOROIDALAND RECTANGULAR RESIDUAL CURRENT TRANSFORMERS (IGT, IGR series)

The transformer range are used as sensors to detect earth leakage current in Megacon Earth Fault Systems for selective monitoring and protection. The transformers'
measuring accuracy and repeatability is high and is not influenced by the relative position of the individual conductor passing through the transformer core.

Nominal measuring range is 50 to 400Hz. Maximum ambient temperature +70 degrees C. The lower earth current sensitivity limit is in the region of 3 to 5mA.

The recommended maximum distance between a residual current transformer and the Earth Current Monitoring Unit is generally 100 metres. If the distance exceeds 5
metres, or the connecting cable is exposed to heavy stray electromagnetic fields, the cable (minimum 0,5mm²) should be shielded.

The shield should be grounded to protective earth (PE) only at the end closest to the monitoring unit.

Typical IG-Transformers for KPM162x and KPM362x series Impedance module

IGT12 IGT30 IGT60A IGT60 or IGT110 IGT160 or IGT200 IGR series MML15xx

The MEGACON policy is one of continuous improvement, consequently

equipment supplied may vary in detail from this publication.

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 AC EARTH CURRENT GUARD (1 OR 3 CHANNELS) KPM162x/362x
Relays shown de-energised, a fail-safe Analogue Output
relay energises when the unit is powered.
KPM162F, KPM162GF, KPM362F and KPM362GF have an analogue output proportional to
KPM162x meter reading. (Special outputs are available on request)
12 AC Aux 1 ~
(1 channel) Supply Add suffix from table below to type designation to specify output required:
13 R1 or (Standard) 2 ~
KPM362x O/P1 0 - 10mA O/P6 N/A
14 (3 channels) 3 O/P2 0 - 20mA O/P7 N/A
O/P3 4 - 20mA O/P8 0 - 10VDC
15 4 O/P4 N/A O/P9 N/A
16 R2 O/P5 N/A O/P10 4,3-20mA
17 26
Note: Settings
18 27 On KPM362 the CBCT can have different CT
19 R3 ratio so read label on instrument for installation. Coloured sectors show recommended areas of
settings:
20 CBCT Inputs
Channel 1 5
+ 22 Analogue Output - Red indicates alarm trip zone
Channel 2 6 Supply Supply Supply
(Optional) L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 - Yellow indicates warning trip zone
- 21 Channel 3 7 - Green indicates healthy zone
Reset
8
- 29 30
31 DC Aux Supply 9
+ Load 3 Load 2 Load 1
32 (Optional) Common 10
Dotted lines for KPM362x only

Relay Operation Pathfinder Function

Model Latch Output Model Latch Output Warning Alarm Fail safe Latch When a warning or alarm trip has operated on a KPM362x,
KPM162E - - KPM162E3 - - 
KPM162F - X KPM162F3 - X
R1 * the relevant LED will flash in the following pattern to indicate
KPM162G* X - KPM162G3* X - R2   * the channel producing the trip.
KPM162GF* X X KPM162GF3* X X R3    *
KPM362E - - KPM362E3 - -
KPM362F - X KPM362F3 - X Relay Reset Channel 1
KPM362G* X - KPM362G3* X -
KPM362GF* X X KPM362GF3* X X Any latched relay is reset by linking
terminals 29 and 30. Channel 2
Adjustments Trip level Delay Adjustments Trip level Delay
ALARM: 0-100% FSD 0-3secs ALARM: 0-100% FSD 0-2secs
WARNING: 0-100% FSD 0-30secs WARNING: 0-100% FSD 0-2secs
Channel 3
*All G-versions have latching relays. Red indicates LED on
The standard is non-latching relays.

More than 3 channel monitoring?

Megacon recommends ISOPAK100 series - Universal AC Earth Fault Protection System
The digitally controlled ISOPAK100 adds to Megacon’s wide range of ISOGUARD products for insulation and earth fault monitoring and protection.
Up to 24 channel earth leakage monitoring of LIVEAC networks.

“Highest up function” gives peace-of-mind

The purpose of ISOPAK100 is to selectively detect and address earth faults in live 50 or 60Hz networks. An intelligent highest up function highlights
the highest level of hazard in the system, and only alerts the operator when conditions for an impending danger are present.

Dimensions
12
1
13
14 2
15 3
16 DIN96
17 4
18
26 PANEL
19
27
20 CUTOUT
5
22 6
92 x 92mm
21 29 30 Mounting Bracket
7
8
31 9
32 10
Comport

92mm 99mm
1.25 to 8mm
115mm thick

The MEGACON policy is one of continuous improvement, consequently

ORDERING EXAMPLE:
equipment supplied may vary in detail from this publication.
Type: KPM362GF
Aux. Supply: 200-240VAC
Network Voltage: 690VAC
RCT 3 x IGT200
Analogue O/P: (O/P3) 4-20mA
Range: 0-500mA
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