Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

Title: Eleven 1, pp. 465-471

Suggested Time: 14 days (45 minutes per day)
Common Core ELA Standards:RL.6.1, RL.6.3, RL.6.4, RL.6.5, RL.6.6; W.6.2, W.6.4, W.6.9; SL.6.1;L.6.1,
L.6.2, L.6.5

Teacher Instructions
Preparing for Teaching
1. Read the Big Ideas and Key Understandings and the Synopsis. Please do not read this to the students. This is a description for
teachers about the big ideas and key understanding that students should take away after completing this task.
Big Ideas and Key Understandings
We all carry with us the years that come before, sometimes reverting to the child within us through our thoughts, actions,
and/or emotions.
Synopsis
Rachel wakes up on her eleventh birthday feeling as if she’s still ten—and nine, and eight, and all the ages that came before.
At school, what should be a happy day turns gloomy when the teacher insists that an ugly, unclaimed sweater belongs to
Rachel. Mrs. Price puts the sweater in an embarrassing pile on Rachel’s desk. Worse yet, she makes Rachel put the sweater

1
This story is a “duplicate.” (It is found in other anthologies, as well.) This particular revision was completed by a teacher who uses a different
anthology than you, so the page numbers have been removed. This may require you to make some adjustments/add page numbers to some of
the questions.
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

on. It smells bad, it itches, it is full of germs, and Rachel, feeling all her years of childhood rattling around inside her, cries in
front of the whole class. The classmate who is the real owner of the sweater finally claims it, while Rachel longs for the day to
end.
2. Read the entire selection, keeping in mind the Big Ideas and Key Understandings.
3. Re-read the text while noting the stopping points for the Text Dependent Questions and teaching Tier II/academic vocabulary.
During Teaching
1. Students read the entire selection. Teachers may use an accountability piece during independent reading (i.e. journal,
summaries, focus question).
2. Teacher reads the text aloud while students follow along or students take turns reading aloud to each other.
3. Students and teacher re-read the text while stopping to respond to and discuss the text-dependent questions provided below,
continually returning to the text. A variety of methods can be used to structure the reading and discussion (i.e., whole class
discussion, think-pair-share, independent written response, group work, etc.)

Text Dependent Questions

Text-dependent Questions Evidence-based Answers

In paragraph three, the author includes figurative language. How Cisneros writes “the way you grow old is kind of like an onion or
does the figurative language in the text help the reader like the rings inside a tree trunk or like my little wooden dolls
understand the character’s feelings about getting older? that fit one inside the other, each year inside the next one.”

All three have layers numbered like years and are part of the
whole identity. This is especially true of the tree with the rings
representing how an outside source can affect the growth and
development of each individual ring/year and how the rings
underneath affect and build upon the outer layers and years.
On page 466 the author stated, “Only today I wish I didn’t have The pennies represent the emotions that are rattling inside of
only eleven years rattling inside me like pennies in a tin can.” Rachel. They can represent more than one maturity or age level
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

What does this figurative language mean and how does it affect in a moment. This reflects her anxious tone. Her emotions are
the tone of the text? bouncing within her as loudly as pennies in a tin can.
Reread the first four paragraphs and note how many times the The author begins a sentence with the word “and” 5 times. This
author starts a sentence with the word “and”. Why does the reflects Rachel’s anxiety as she rambles her thoughts about her
author make this choice? birthday. It also reflects speaking voice rather than a writing
voice. This definitely sounds like Rachel as an eleven-year old
narrator thinking aloud.
When Felice Garcia says the sweater belongs to Rachel (on p. Rachel responds with negative self-talk, “I’m skinny, maybe
466), how does Rachel respond? What does this reveal about because she doesn’t like me…”She feels angry when she calls
how Rachel feels about herself? Phyllis Lopez stupid. She also feels insulted because Mrs. Price
believes her. She reverts to “me when I was four,” when she
partially responds in a little voice.
Why does Rachel feel that Mrs. Price is “right” (on page. 467)? Rachel feels that Mrs. Price is older and wiser. The common
Give evidence from the text to support your answer. perception is that older equals wiser. She states, “Because she’s
older and the teacher, she’s right and I’m not.” It also
demonstrates authority trumping childhood, even when the
child is right.
In paragraph twelve beginning “Not mine, not mine, not mine”, Rachel shows maturity by controlling her emotions. Rather than
what does the text and how Rachel responds to the situation tell reverting to a crying three year-old, she emotionally removes
us about Rachel’s character? herself from the uncomfortable moment by remembering the
birthday celebration that awaits her when she gets home.
How does Rachel feel about the sweater? Include evidence from Rachel hates the sweater so much that it upsets her. Rachel calls
the text to support your answer. it an ugly sweater, all raggedy and old. She is upset over Sylvia’s
claim that it belongs to Rachel, not claiming the sweater as hers.
She calls it a big red mountain and she moves it to the corner of
her desk with a ruler. She devises all these plans on how to get
rid of the sweater (i.e. throw over schoolyard fence, hang on
parking meter, toss in alley).
Identify each time Rachel claims “not mine.” Why does the Even though Rachel is eleven, she speaks with the whiney tone
author repeat this refrain throughout the story and how does it of a three-year old. Her thoughts of the sweater consume her
affect the overall meaning and tone of the text? entire being. A more mature person can compartmentalize. The
refrain “not mine, not mine, not mine” demonstrates Rachel’s
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

determination that she is right and Mrs. Price is wrong. This

connects to the Big Idea because Rachel is reverting to her inner
3-year old.
In paragraph nineteen, count the words that begin with the There are 58 words. For further examples of long run-on
sentence “My face all hot…” Identify other sentences from sentences, please check paragraphs fourteen, eighteen, and
paragraphs fourteen through nineteen that are of similar nineteen. The author’s change in sentence structure reflects a
lengths. Why does the author choose to write such lengthy change in Rachel’s internal dialogue. The run-on-, a list of
sentences in paragraphs fourteen through nineteen? Rachel’s body reactions (face all hot, spit coming out of mouth,
animal noises, no more tears, shaking body) reflects Rachel’s
intensity of emotions, culminating with her crying in class.
On page 468 the text states, “Mrs. Price pretends like Someone who is mature would admit they were wrong and
everything’s okay,” what age does this reflect? Why? apologize, without ignoring the problem. Mrs. Price does not do
this, which shows less maturity and that even people of older
ages do not always act in a mature manner. Responses will vary.

In paragraph five and in the last paragraph, Rachel says she In paragraph five, Rachel would have had the wisdom to handle
wants to be 102. In each instance, why does Rachel want to be the situation with Mrs. Price. She says “if I was one hundred and
102? two I’d have known what to say when Mrs. Price put the red
sweater on my desk.”
In the last paragraph, Rachel wants the red sweater incident to
be far in the past, “far away like a runaway balloon, like a tiny o
in the sky, so tiny-tiny you have to close your eyes to see it.”
How has Rachel grown older today? Include evidence from the Rachel has accepted the fact that she is eleven and life will
text to support your answer. require people to bear difficulties. She has learned that we all
carry with us the years that come before, sometimes reverting
to the child within us. This is demonstrated in the last paragraph
when Rachel says “I’m eleven today. I’m eleven, ten, nine, eight,
seven, six, five, four, three, two, and one, but I wish I was one
hundred and two.”
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

Tier II/Academic Vocabulary

These words require less time to learn These words require more time to learn
(They are concrete or describe an object/event/ (They are abstract, have multiple meanings, are a part
process/characteristic that is familiar to students) of a word family, or are likely to appear again in future texts)
Meaning can be learned from context

Page 466– rattling

Page 466– rings
Page 466– raggedy
Page 467– nonsense
Page 467– alley
Page 467– bury
Page 467– clown-sweater
Meaning needs to be provided

Page 466– coatroom

Page 467– parking meter
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

Culminating Writing Task

• Prompt
In the short story, “Eleven”, by Sandra Cisneros, in what ways do Rachel’s reactions demonstrate her multiple “years” of her
eleven year-old self? Write a one-page essay summarizing the ways that Rachel responds. Include textual evidence to support
your interpretation of the age that her actions demonstrate.
• Teacher Instructions
1. Students identify their writing task from the prompt provided.
2. Working in groups, students create a flow map of age maturity based on Rachel’s reactions about the red sweater
Students will place the events in the boxes and the justification (text evidence) outside of the boxes in the frame of
reference. (Example below)

Rachel is acting as By wanting to throw the This statement shows that Rachel is trying to remove
though she is 3 years sweater into the alley, Rachel is resigned to the fact herself from the negative
old, having a toddler- Rachel is trying to avoid an that her birthday has been situation by thinking of
like tantrum over unpleasant situation, which ruined and that she will positive thoughts and self-
being upset about the can be viewed as being have to accept reality of her soothing. This demonstrates
red sweater. “childish”. bad experience. an adult-like behavior.

“…spit coming out of my “…bunch it up into a little “There’ll be candles and presents, “…Mama is making a cake for me
mouth because I can’t ball and toss it in the and everybody will sing Happy tonight, and when Papa comes
stop the little animal alley” birthday, happy birthday to you, home everybody will sing Happy
noises from coming out Rachel, only it’s too late.” birthday, happy birthday to you.”
of me”
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

3. After students have completed their group flow maps, post them around the room and have a “gallery walk”.
4. The teacher will choose one to three common events from the story in which groups show differences of placement on
the maps.
5. As a whole class discussion, groups will defend their choice of placement on their maps.
6. Students complete an evidence chart using their flow maps. Teachers should remind students to also use any relevant
notes they compiled while reading and answering the text-dependent questions (Example below)
Evidence Page Justification of Events’ Placements
Quote or paraphrase number
“…spit coming out of my mouth because I can’t stop Rachel is acting as though she is 3 years old having a
the little animals noises from coming out of me” 467 toddler-like tantrum over being upset about the red
sweater.
“…bunch it up into a little ball and toss it in the alley” By wanting to throw the sweater into the alley, Rachel
467 is trying to avoid an unpleasant situation, which can be
viewed as being “childish”.
“There’ll be candles and presents, and everybody will This statement shows that Rachel has resigned to the
sing Happy birthday, happy birthday to you, Rachel, 468 fact that her birthday has been ruined and that she will
only it’s too late.” have to accept reality of her bad experience.
“…today I am eleven, eleven. Mama is making a cake Rachel is trying to remove herself from the negative
for me tonight, and when Papa comes home 468 situation by thinking of positive thoughts and self-
everybody will sing Happy birthday, happy birthday to soothing. This demonstrates adult-like behavior.
you.”
“when you’re eleven, you’re also ten, and nine, and Rachel reflects wisdom beyond her eleven years when
eight, and seven, and six, and five, and four, and three, 465 she analyzes her feelings/reactions about the events
and two, and one” that occur on her eleventh birthday. She realizes the
complexity of ages that people experience within
themselves.
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

7. Once students have completed the evidence chart, they should look back at the writing prompt in order to remind
themselves what kind of response they are writing (i.e. expository, analytical, argumentative) and think about the
evidence they found. (Depending on the grade level, teachers may want to review students’ evidence charts in some way
to ensure accuracy.) From here, students should develop a specific thesis statement. This could be done independently,
with a partner, small group, or the entire class. Consider directing students to the following sites to learn more about
thesis statements: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/545/01/ OR http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/
thesis_statement.shtml.
8. Students compose a rough draft. With regard to grade level and student ability, teachers should decide how much
scaffolding they will provide during this process (i.e. modeling, showing example pieces, sharing work as students go).
9. Students complete final draft.
• Sample Answer
Birthdays are usually occasions for joy, celebrated with presents and cake and acts of love. Each birthday marks the arrival of
a new year in a person’s life. With the arrival of that special day, a person is an entire year older. In Sandra Cisneros’ short story
“Eleven”, Rachel’s eleventh birthday is not a happy day, which gives her reason to think about what it means to turn eleven. In
the first paragraph of the story, Rachel reflects that “when you’re eleven, you’re also ten, and nine, and eight, and seven, and six,
and five, and four, and three, and two, and one” (___). She compares all those years within a person to an onion, the rings inside
a tree trunk, and wooden dolls that fit inside each other. Rachel’s variety of reactions to the fact that her teacher wrongly
accuses her of being the owner of an ugly, red sweater demonstrate the multiple years existing within her eleven-year-old self.
When Mrs. Price first tells Rachel the sweater is hers, Rachel reacts with maturity beyond her years. She fights the younger
ages trying to emerge by telling herself, “…today I am eleven, eleven. Mama is making a cake for me tonight, and when Papa
comes home everybody will sing Happy birthday, happy birthday to you” (___). She is fighting childish reactions with an adult-
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

like strategy of emotionally removing herself from a negative situation by focusing on positive thoughts. She can put up with the
sweater because something wonderful awaits her at home.
With the ugly red sweater still on her desk, Rachel has difficulty continuing the more mature strategy of
compartmentalization. She creates her own reality, imagining that she will throw the red sweater “over the schoolyard fence, or
leave it hanging on a parking meter, or bunch it up into a little ball and toss it in the alley.” She is doing all she can to avoid an
unpleasant situation, and avoidance is generally thought to be an immature response to a problem. When Mrs. Price makes
Rachel wear the sweater, all attempts at maturity are lost. Rachel thinks, “I’m eleven and it’s my birthday today and I’m crying
like I’m three in front of everybody . . . spit coming out of my mouth because I can’t stop the little animal noises from coming out
of me.” Clearly, she recognizes that even though she is eleven, she’s responding like a three-year old.
At the end of the story, Rachel says “I’m eleven today. I’m eleven, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, and one.”
She seems to have resigned herself to the reality of the experience, for she knows that we all carry with us the years that came
before, sometimes reverting to the child within us.

Additional Tasks
• Have students complete the “Literary Analysis SkillBuilder: Character” from the Unit One Resource Book (see below). This will
allow students to identify and support character traits of Rachel and Mrs. Price, as well as determine the impact of those traits on
the resolution of the story.
Literary Analysis SkillBuilder: Character
Characters are the people, animals, or imaginary creatures that take part in the action of a story. The main character is usually
the focus of the action in the story and is most important. There may be one or more minor characters who interact with the
main character and help move the story along.
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

You can learn about the personalities of story characters by determining their traits or qualities. Pay attention to the following
details to learn a character’s traits:
o the character’s thoughts, feelings, and actions
o the speech, thoughts, and actions of other characters
o the writer’s direct statements about the character
o descriptions of the character’s appearance

What are Rachel’s traits? What are Mrs. Price’s traits? In the chart below, note the traits shown by each character and the
language or behavior that support your observations.
Rachel Mrs. Price
Trait

Evidence

Trait

Evidence

Trait

Evidence
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

If you are utilizing the Unit Once Resource Book, replace the worksheet’s “Follow Up” question with the one below:
o Choose one trait from either Rachel or Mrs. Price and explain how that trait affects the resolution of the story. How would
the story’s resolution be different if Rachel or Mrs. Price did not exhibit that trait?

Answer: Responses will vary. Possible responses are provided.

Rachel:
o Trait: sensitive
 Evidence: Rachel acts embarrassed at being singled out; she cries after she is forced to wear the red sweater.
o Trait: inarticulate
 Evidence: Rachel can’t find the words to explain convincingly to Mrs. Price that the sweater is not hers.
o Trait: respectful
 Evidence: Rachel doesn’t feel it is her place to argue with a teacher.
Mrs. Price
o Trait: insensitive
 Evidence: Mrs. Price doesn’t think about why Rachel would tell her the sweater isn’t hers, she doesn’t notice or
care that Rachel is upset, and she doesn’t apologize for her mistake.
o Trait: authoritative
 Evidence: Mrs. Price demands that Rachel put on the sweater, not just keep it on her desk.
o Trait: persistent
 Evidence: Mrs. Price refuses to let the sweater issue go.
 Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

One of Mrs. Price’s traits is being authoritative. If she had not demanded that Rachel put on the sweater, and if she had not
insisted that the sweater belonged to Rachel, Rachel would have not been humiliated. She may have enjoyed her birthday.
However, Rachel would not have learned that we all carry with us the years that come before.

• From paragraph nineteen, page 29, rewrite the run-onsentence that begins with “My face all hot…” (Note to Teacher: This
activity will highlight Cisneros’ intentional use of run-ons to develop the narrator’s speaking voice, as well as give the students
practice at developing proper sentence structure.)
Answer: Answers will vary. One example is: My face is all hot and spit comes out of my mouth. I can’t stop the little animal
noises from coming out of me, and finally there aren’t any more tears left in my eyes. It’s just my body shaking like when you
have the hiccups, and my whole head hurts like when you drink milk too fast.

Note to Teacher
• Questions and answers from the Unit One Resource book have been modified. Please refer to answers above.
Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

Name __________________________________________________ Date ____________

“Eleven”

1. In paragraph three, the author includes figurative language. How does the figurative
language in the text help the reader understand the character’s feelings about getting
older?

2. On page 466 the author stated, “Only today I wish I didn’t have only eleven years rattling
inside me like pennies in a tin can.” What does this figurative language mean and how does
it affect the tone of the text?

3. Reread the first four paragraphs and note how many times the author starts a sentence
with the word “and”. Why does the author make this choice?

4. When Felice says the sweater belongs to Rachel, how does Rachel respond? What does this
reveal about how Rachel feels about herself?
Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

5. Why does Rachel feel that Mrs. Price is “right”? Give evidence from the text to support your
answer.

6. In paragraph twelve beginning “Not mine, not mine, not mine”, what does the text and how
Rachel responds to the situation tell us about Rachel’s character?

7. How does Rachel feel about the sweater? Include evidence from the text to support your
answer.

8. Identify each time Rachel claims “not mine”. Why does the author repeat this refrain
throughout the story and how does it affect the overall meaning and tone of the text?

9. In paragraph nineteen, count the words that begin with the sentence “My face all hot…”
Identify other sentences from paragraphs fourteen through nineteen that are of similar
lengths. Why does the author choose to write such lengthy sentences in paragraphs
fourteen through nineteen?
Prentice Hall Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes - 2002 Grade 6

10. When the text states, “Mrs. Price pretends like everything’s okay”, what age does this
reflect? Why?

11. In paragraph five and in the last paragraph, Rachel says she wants to be 102. In each
instance, why does Rachel want to be 102?

12. How has Rachel grown older today? Include evidence from the text to support your answer.