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    English Consonant

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    Nabila Putri
    The document summarizes key information about English consonants: 1. There are 24 consonant sounds in English that are categorized based on their manner of articulation, place of articulation, and whether the vocal cords vibrate. 2. Consonants can be divided into voiced or voiceless based on vocal cord vibration. They can also be divided into 9 categories based on place of articulation in the mouth. 3. Consonants are further divided based on their manner of articulation into categories like plosives, affricates, nasals, rolls, laterals, and fricatives which describe how the air stream is blocked or narrowed in the mouth.

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    English Consonant

    Uploaded by

    Nabila Putri
    49 views3 pages
    The document summarizes key information about English consonants: 1. There are 24 consonant sounds in English that are categorized based on their manner of articulation, place of articulation, and whether the vocal cords vibrate. 2. Consonants can be divided into voiced or voiceless based on vocal cord vibration. They can also be divided into 9 categories based on place of articulation in the mouth. 3. Consonants are further divided based on their manner of articulation into categories like plosives, affricates, nasals, rolls, laterals, and fricatives which describe how the air stream is blocked or narrowed in the mouth.

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    The document summarizes key information about English consonants: 1. There are 24 consonant sounds in English that are categorized based on their manner of articulation, place of articulation, and whether the vocal cords vibrate. 2. Consonants can be divided into voiced or voiceless based on vocal cord vibration. They can also be divided into 9 categories based on place of articulation in the mouth. 3. Consonants are further divided based on their manner of articulation into categories like plosives, affricates, nasals, rolls, laterals, and fricatives which describe how the air stream is blocked or narrowed in the mouth.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    49 views3 pages

    English Consonant

    Uploaded by

    Nabila Putri
    The document summarizes key information about English consonants: 1. There are 24 consonant sounds in English that are categorized based on their manner of articulation, place of articulation, and whether the vocal cords vibrate. 2. Consonants can be divided into voiced or voiceless based on vocal cord vibration. They can also be divided into 9 categories based on place of articulation in the mouth. 3. Consonants are further divided based on their manner of articulation into categories like plosives, affricates, nasals, rolls, laterals, and fricatives which describe how the air stream is blocked or narrowed in the mouth.

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    of 3

    Unit 4

    English Consonant

    1.The Transcription of the Consonants.


    Let us begin by considering the contrasting consonant sounds in English. Take, for
    example, all the words that rhyme with “pie” and have only single consonant at the beginning. A
    set of words each of which differs from all the others by only one sound is called a minimal set.
    There are 24 consonants in English, namely: [p], [b], [ti, [d], [ki, [gi, [fj, [v], [si, [z], [J],
    [3],[J,[d3],[6J,[OJ, [mJ, [n], [fl],[h], [IJ, [r], [w], [jJ, For more detail let us see the figure 11.

    Figure 11. The Transcription of the Consonants


    According to the position of the vocal cords, the consonants can be divided into:
    1. Voiceless : [p], [tJ, [k], [fJ, [s], [El, [U) [h]
    2. Voiced : the rest of the consonants above.

    According to the place/point of articulation, the consonant can be divided into 9, they are:
    1. Bilabial : the two lips are the primary articulation, e.g: b, p,m,w.
    2. Labio-dental : the lower lip articulates with the upper teeth, e.g: f, v.
    3. Dental : the tongue tip and rims articulate with the upper teeth, e.g: θ,ð.
    4. Alveolar : the blade or tip and blade of the tongue articulate with the alveolar ridge, e.g: t, d,
    l, n, s, z.
    5. Post-alveolar : the tip (and rims) of the tongue articulate with the rear past of the alveolar
    ridge, e.g: r
    6. Palato-Alveolar : the blade, or the tip and blade of the tongue articulate with the alveolar
    ridge and there is at the same time a rising of the front of the tongue towards the hard palate,
    e.g:
    7. Palatal the front of the tongue articulates with the hard palate, e.g: j.
    8. Velar the front of the tongue articulates with the soft palate, e.g: k,g, ŋ.
    9. Glottal : an obstruction or a narrowing causing friction but not vibration between the vocal
    cords, e.g: h

    According to the manner of articulation the consonants can be divided as follows:

    1. Complete closure:
    a. Plosive : a complete closure at some point in the vocal tract, behind which the air pressure
    builds up and can be released explosively, e.g: p,b,t,d, k, g.
    b. Affricate: a complete closure at some point in the mouth, behind which the air pressure
    builds up, the separation of the organs is slow compared with that of a plosive, so that
    friction is a characteristic second element of the sound., e.g:………
    c. Nasal : a complete closure at some point in the mouth but the soft palate
    being lowered the air escapes through the nose, e.g. m, n, ŋ.

    2. Intermittent Closure
    Roll : a series of rapid intermittent closures or taps made by a flexible organ on a firmer
    surface, e.g. r (the tongue tip taps against the alveolar ridge).

    3. PartialClosure
    Lateral : a partial closure is made at some point in the mouth, the air- stream being allowed to
    escape on one or both sides of the contact, e.g. l.

    4. Narrowing
    Fricative : two organs approximate so such an extent that the air stream passes through
    them with friction, e.g. ………………..

    5 Glides
    Semi-vowels : they are usually included in the consonantal category on functional grounds, but
    from the point of view of phonetic descrIption they are more properly treated as
    vowel glides, e.g: w,j
    Figure 12. Consonant Articulation

    2. Practice in Consonant
    a. Pronounce the following words:
    couple please half penny captain
    Spain robe cattle Thomas dog
    psalm begin nutmeg castle mad
    bubble pound button badly double
    submerge thumb outpost madden Gordon
    struggle guess clean duckling bulge
    vague angry acknowledge skin Jew
    argue sign black knew suggest
    major gem inch orchard nature
    soldier branch posture cheese twelfth
    month throw thought although then
    warmth mouth southern father though

    b. Write down the phonetic transcription of the following words


    (l) Chair (5) Father (9) Hour (13) Pleasure
    (2) Church (6) Leather (10) Harm (16) Measure
    (3) Catch (7) Ladder (11) Mouth (17) Scissors
    (4) Butcher (8) Later (12) Death (18) Thumb

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