Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 45 views

    The Self As Cognitive Construct

    Uploaded by

    Kyla Esteron
    The self is a cognitive construct that can be understood from different perspectives. William James conceptualized the self as having two aspects - the "I" which refers to thinking and feeling, and the "me" which refers to physical and psychological characteristics. Carl Rogers viewed the self as having a real self concept and an ideal self, with incongruence between the two indicating an unhealthy personality. Sigmund Freud proposed the mind has three levels - the id, ego and superego - and that behavior is motivated by sex and aggression. George Mead argued that the self develops through social interaction and getting affirmation from others. Social comparison theories by Tesser, Festinger and Bandura demonstrated how people evaluate themselves in relation to others and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Self As Cognitive Construct

    Uploaded by

    Kyla Esteron
    45 views3 pages
    The self is a cognitive construct that can be understood from different perspectives. William James conceptualized the self as having two aspects - the "I" which refers to thinking and feeling, and the "me" which refers to physical and psychological characteristics. Carl Rogers viewed the self as having a real self concept and an ideal self, with incongruence between the two indicating an unhealthy personality. Sigmund Freud proposed the mind has three levels - the id, ego and superego - and that behavior is motivated by sex and aggression. George Mead argued that the self develops through social interaction and getting affirmation from others. Social comparison theories by Tesser, Festinger and Bandura demonstrated how people evaluate themselves in relation to others and

    Original Title

    The Self as Cognitive Construct

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The self is a cognitive construct that can be understood from different perspectives. William James conceptualized the self as having two aspects - the "I" which refers to thinking and feeling, and the "me" which refers to physical and psychological characteristics. Carl Rogers viewed the self as having a real self concept and an ideal self, with incongruence between the two indicating an unhealthy personality. Sigmund Freud proposed the mind has three levels - the id, ego and superego - and that behavior is motivated by sex and aggression. George Mead argued that the self develops through social interaction and getting affirmation from others. Social comparison theories by Tesser, Festinger and Bandura demonstrated how people evaluate themselves in relation to others and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    45 views3 pages

    The Self As Cognitive Construct

    Uploaded by

    Kyla Esteron
    The self is a cognitive construct that can be understood from different perspectives. William James conceptualized the self as having two aspects - the "I" which refers to thinking and feeling, and the "me" which refers to physical and psychological characteristics. Carl Rogers viewed the self as having a real self concept and an ideal self, with incongruence between the two indicating an unhealthy personality. Sigmund Freud proposed the mind has three levels - the id, ego and superego - and that behavior is motivated by sex and aggression. George Mead argued that the self develops through social interaction and getting affirmation from others. Social comparison theories by Tesser, Festinger and Bandura demonstrated how people evaluate themselves in relation to others and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    5 SELF AS COGNITIVE CONSTRUCT

    What is the self?


    ◦ It is the sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals.

    William James
    Founder of functionalism. 

    He was one of the earliest psychologists to study the self and conceptualized the self as having
    two aspects – the "I" and the "me". 

    The "I" is the thinking, acting, and feeling self.


    The "me" is the physical characteristics and psychological capabilities that makes who you are.

    Carl Rogers
    Founder of client-centered therapy. His therapy aimed to make the person achieve balance
    between their self-concept (real-self) and ideal self.

    The real self refers to the attributes that an individual is aware of. Meanwhile, the ideal
    self refers to the self that we wish to be. A wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept
    indicates incongruence and an unhealthy personality.

    Sigmund Freud
    The Father and Founder of Psychoanalysis.
    The unconscious self serves as the repository of past experiences, repressed memories,
    fantasies, and urges. The three levels of the mind: Id (pleasure principle), Ego (reality
    principle) and the Superego (moral principle).

    The motivation for behavior is sex (eros) and aggression (thanatos). The energy of eros is
    called libido and such includes urges necessary for survival like thirst, hunger, and sex.
    Meanwhile, thanatos is directed towards destruction in the form of aggression and violence.

    George Mead
    Theory of Symbolic Interactionism – the self is created and developed through human
    interaction.

    Society helped in creating the foundations of who we are. We need others to affirm and
    reinforce who we think we are. 

    Abraham Tesser
    Self-evaluation Maintenance Theory – we can feel threatened when someone out-performs
    us, especially when that person is close to us.

    Leon Festinger
    Social Comparison Theory – we learn about ourselves, the appropriateness of our behaviors
    as well as our social status by comparing aspects of ourselves with other people. 

    Social comparison affects our self-esteem (Downward vs. Upward Social Comparison).

    Albert Bandura
    Known for his theory of social learning by means of modeling. Famous for his proposed
    concept of self-efficacy.

    The Social Cognitive Theory asserts that a person is both proactive and agentic, which means
    that we have the capacity to exercise control over our life. This theory emphasized that human
    beings are proactive, self-regulating, self-reflective, and self-organizing.
     
    He believes that through our agency we humans are perceived as proactive agents of
    experiences. Through this agents or agency we humans play a big role in our self-
    development, adaptation and self-renewal. We humans plan things intentionally or we do things
    intentionally, with doing this we wait for possible outcomes. We make our plans, actions and
    decision with the basis of our intention in life.

    Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves and behave. A


    strong sense of efficacy enhances human accomplishment and personal well-being in many
    ways.

    You might also like