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    Early Antecedents: Assessment Timeline

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    justin jana
    The document outlines the history and evolution of psychological assessment from ancient times to the present. It traces key developments such as the first use of exams in ancient China, early intelligence tests in the late 19th century, the rise of standardized testing during World Wars I and II, and ongoing revisions of major tests from the 1990s to today. The timeline shows how assessment has shifted from oral exams to written and now computerized testing, and expanded from measuring intelligence to also evaluating personality and achievement.

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    Early Antecedents: Assessment Timeline

    Uploaded by

    justin jana
    39 views8 pages
    The document outlines the history and evolution of psychological assessment from ancient times to the present. It traces key developments such as the first use of exams in ancient China, early intelligence tests in the late 19th century, the rise of standardized testing during World Wars I and II, and ongoing revisions of major tests from the 1990s to today. The timeline shows how assessment has shifted from oral exams to written and now computerized testing, and expanded from measuring intelligence to also evaluating personality and achievement.

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    The document outlines the history and evolution of psychological assessment from ancient times to the present. It traces key developments such as the first use of exams in ancient China, early intelligence tests in the late 19th century, the rise of standardized testing during World Wars I and II, and ongoing revisions of major tests from the 1990s to today. The timeline shows how assessment has shifted from oral exams to written and now computerized testing, and expanded from measuring intelligence to also evaluating personality and achievement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views8 pages

    Early Antecedents: Assessment Timeline

    Uploaded by

    justin jana
    The document outlines the history and evolution of psychological assessment from ancient times to the present. It traces key developments such as the first use of exams in ancient China, early intelligence tests in the late 19th century, the rise of standardized testing during World Wars I and II, and ongoing revisions of major tests from the 1990s to today. The timeline shows how assessment has shifted from oral exams to written and now computerized testing, and expanded from measuring intelligence to also evaluating personality and achievement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    27/01/2020

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    Early antecedents
    Charles Darwin and Individual Differences
    Experimental Psychology and Psychophysical
    Measurement
    The evolution of Intelligence and standardized
    Achievement tests
    WW1
    Achievement Tests
    Rising to the challenge
    Personality Tests 1920-1940
    The Emergence of New Approaches to Personality
    Testing
    The Period of Rapid Changes in the Status of Testing
    The Current Environment

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    Early antecedents
    • 220 BCE
    • Chinese set up civil service exams to
    select Mandarins
    -oral examinations – to determine work evaluations
    and promotion decision
    -Han and Ming Dynasty – test batteries (local-
    provincial-regional level) – to hire government
    employees)
    - Chinese-East Indian-British-French-German-US-
    Charles Darwin 1859 “individual differences”

    1
    27/01/2020

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    500 BCE Greeks may have used assessments for


    educational purposes
    1219 AD English University administers first oral
    examination
    1510 Fiteherbert proposes first measure of mental
    ability (identification of one’s age, counting 20
    pence, etc.)
    1540 Jesuit Universities administer first written exam
    1575 Spanish Physician Huarte defines intelligence
    in Examen de Ingenius (independent judgment,
    meek compliance when learning)

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    1692 German Philosopher Thomasius advocates for


    gaining knowledge of the mind through
    objective, quantitative methods
    1799 In working with the “Wild Boy of Aveyron”, Itard
    differentiates between normal and abnormal
    cognitive abilities
    1837 Seguin develops the Seguin Form Board Test
    and opens school for mentally retarded children
    1838 Esquirol advocates differences between mental
    retardation and mental illness, proposes that
    mental retardation has several levels of severity

    2
    27/01/2020

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    Charles Darwin and Individual


    Differences
    • Charles Darwin 1859 “individual differences”
    • 1869 - Galton, of Individual Psychology, authors
    Hereditary Genius, sparking study on individual
    differences and cognitive heritability.
    -from the theory of Darwin, then developed his concept “survival of the fittest
    and individual differences” – (human functioning and motor functioning)

    • 1888 - J.M. Catell establishes assessment


    laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania,
    stimulating the study of mental measurements

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    Experimental Psychology and


    Psychophysical Measurement
    J. E. Herbert – mathematical models of the mind for
    education
    E.H. Weber – demonstrate the existence of psychological
    threshold, the minimum stimulus necessary to activate a
    sensory system
    G.T. Fechner – devised the law that strength of a
    sensation grows as the logarithm of the stimulus
    intensity
    1879 – Wundt establishes worlds first psychological
    laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany
    Seminar with E. Thurstone – Carnegie Interest Inventory and
    Strong Vocational Interest Blank

    3
    27/01/2020

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    Experimental Psychology and


    Psychophysical Measurement
    1837 Seguin develops the Seguin Form Board Test
    and opens school for mentally retarded children (to
    educate and evaluate mentally disabled)
    1905 E.L Thorndike writes about test development
    principles, later introduces one of the first textbooks
    on the use of measurement in education.
    First standardized group test of achievement
    published.
    Jung’s Word Association Test published.
    Binet and Simon introduce first “intelligence tests”
    to screen French public school children for mental
    retardation

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    The evolution of Intelligence and


    standardized Achievement tests
    1916 Terman publishes the Stanford Revision
    and Extension of the Binet-Simon Intelligence
    Scale (sampling turned to 1,000)

    WW1
    1917 Yerkes and Colleagues publishes the Army
    Alpha and Army Beta tests, designed for the
    intellectual assessment and screening of the U.S.
    military recruits
    – (alpha – reading ability, army – intelligence of illiterate
    adults)

    4
    27/01/2020

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    The evolution of Intelligence and


    standardized Achievement tests
    Achievement Tests
    Standardized achievement test was
    appreciated compare with essay test

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    The evolution of Intelligence and


    standardized Achievement tests
    Rising to Challenge
    Criticisms arises
    1937 Terman and Merill revised their earlier work as
    the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
    – From 50-200-more than 200 – 1,000 to 3,000
    1939 Wechsler introduces the Wechsler-Bellevue
    Intelligence Scale
    – Combination of abilities
    1986 Stanford-Binet was drastically revised

    10

    5
    27/01/2020

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    Personality Tests 1920-1940


    • 1919 – 1931 Multiple standardized tests were published
    including, but not limited to Rorschach Inkblot Test,
    Draw-A-Person Test, Stanford Achievement Test,
    etc.
    • 1935 Murray and Morgan develop the Thematic
    Apperception Test

    11

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    Emergence of New Approaches


    to Personality Testing
    • 1940 Hathaway and McKinley publish the Minnesota
    Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
    • 1963 R.B. Catell introduces theory of crystallized and
    fluid intelligence

    12

    6
    27/01/2020

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    Personalit Tests 1920-1940

    13

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    The Period of Rapid Changes in


    the Status of Testing
    1940s – clinically oriented psychologist
    1954 – testing methods be taught to doctoral psychology
    students
    Psychologist could conduct testing independently but not
    psychotherapy
    WWII – psychologist felt frustrated
    Testing declined

    14

    7
    27/01/2020

    Assessment Timeline
    (Erford, 2013) (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2013)

    The Current Environment


    1980s Dramatic improvements on the published
    standardized tests and introduction of the
    Computer Assisted Psychological Assessments
    1990s Revisions of tests were published; WISC-III
    (1991), Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
    (WAIT – 1992), WAIS-III (1997)
    2000s Revisions of tests were published; Scholastic
    Achievement Test (SAT – 2002), WPPSI-III
    (2002),WISC-IV (2003), Stanford-Binet
    Intelligence Scale-Fifth Ed. (2003), WAIS-IV
    (2008), WAIT-II (2009), DSM 5 (2013)

    Presented by R. Malabiga, MAED GC, Rpm, RGC

    15

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