A Summer Internship Project Report

On

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PUBLIC

SECTOR BANKS: A CAMEL APPROAH

At
THE LEADING SOLUTION PVT. LTD..

By

Aditya Shankar
MBA (Banking and Finance)
Batch- 2020-2022

Under the guidance of

Dr. Rohini Saxena

Submitted to

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of Master in

Business Administration (MBA)

Submitted Through
MIT-WPU School of Management (PG), Pune.
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Aditya Shankar of MIT-WPU School of

Management (PG) has successfully completed the project work titled
“Financial Performance Analysis of Selected Public Sector Bank: A Camel
Approach”.in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of MBA
prescribed by the MIT World Peace University, Pune, from 7th June 2021 to
7th August 2021.

This project is the record of authentic work carried out by him / her out during
the academic year 2020- 2022.

Dr. Rohini Saxena Dr. Aparna Dixit Prof. Dr. Srinivas Subbarao

Internal Project Guide Head of School Dean - Director

School of Management School of Management Faculty of

Management (PG) (PG)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to thank my guide from The Leading Solution Pvt. Ltd., Mr. Priyanka
Dua for his continuous guidance and support which helped me to successfully
complete my internship with a significant amount of knowledge.

I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Srinivas Subbarao, Dean- Director, School of
Management (PG) at MITWPU for constantly being a source of great motivation. I
also thank Dr. Aparna Dixit, Head of school, Dr.Shraddha kokane, Program Head
and Class in charge, at MITWPU, for their knowledge and expertise that provided
essential qualitative research.

I express sincere gratitude to my institute guide, Dr. Rohini Saxena for her
continuous guidance and support which helped me to successfully complete my
internship with a significant amount of knowledge and valuable inputs.
 DECLARATION

I, Mr. Aditya Shankar hereby declares that this project is the record of authentic work
carried out by me during the academic year 2021-2022.This project has not been
submitted to any other University or Institute towards the award of any degree.

Aditya Shankar
Table of Content
Abstract: Banking industry is one of the most important and significant industry of
Indian economy. There are many banking organizations are working in India.
Banking Industry is developing at a quicker speed and subsequently the opposition as
well. Because of section of time there has been a consistent change in the exhibition
of banks, which prompts change in positioning and position of the banks each year. It
could be truly challenging to analyze the presentation and positions and this review
will assists with discovering which bank is better among driving banks and where the
financial backers and clients ought to put cash into. There are numerous viewpoints
to gauge the presentation of banks like WACC, Regression Analysis and CAMEL
Model is one significant of them and in this manner it is being utilized in study to
quantify and think about the Financial performance of driving five public sector
banks were selected on the bases of their market capatilazation, in India for a period
of 5 year from 20017-2021. The banks consist of Bank of Baroda, State Bank of
India, Punjab National bank, Bank of India, and Canara Bank. The information is
gathered from yearly reports of these banks and different proportions have been
determined estimating the parts of CAMEL which incorporates capital ampleness,
resource quality, the executives effectiveness, acquiring quality and liquidity.
Subsequent to computing these proportions, it is discovered that Bank of Baroda is
driving in every one of the parts of CAMEL followed by Punjab National Bank in
Capital Adequacy, Management proficiency and Earning limit and Bank of India in
Asset Quality.

Company Profile
The Leading Solutions is essentially provide the one stop solution for all the financial
necessities of client. There objective is to serve the customer with the best portfolio
for coordinating their funds the most beneficial way.
Organization can work with different trainings and improvement programs with top
B-schools and have effectively prepared thousand of understudies till date. The
organization have restrict with in excess of 50 colleges in India with the base size of
800 or more grounds, remembering the most basic requirements in the present
setting, we have arisen as a help accomplice of different bank giving one stop
arrangement offering an array of administrations. In this way, our central goal is to
build up elevated expectations of expert behavior and to successfully work with an
exhaustive and achieved arrangement of proceeding with proficient advancement for
each conceivable calling through our outstanding preparing arrangement. TLS is one
of the creating counseling firm in India. At TLS, they give wide organization
administrations to high and HNI customers. They additionally work with all of the
organizations expected to manage client's money and plan for their own and family's
present and future necessities.
Accomplishing abundance and staying well off require various attributes. People,
families and even organizations become affluent for an assortment of reasons, yet
they regularly wrongly figure they can likewise win the abundance the executives
game alone. Fortunes are lost every year by clueless direct ventures and helpless
decisions made by specialists in the lawful, activities, bookkeeping, speculations and
protection areas. By and large, there are no "second chances" which is the reason the
right accomplice not just bodes well, it is basic in accomplishing one's objectives.
Eventually, it isn't regarding what you acquire, it is the thing that you keep that
matters most." We thinks often about our customer and give them most ideal choices
what they actually needs not what we have. We are not sales rep we are specialist
organization and viable specialist organization is the person who fulfill his customers
require and tackle his concern simultaneously on the since quite a while ago run
premise.

VISSION & MISSION OF THE COMPANY

Vision
Our motive is to upgrade the perception of investors moving them from traditional
investment decision making to diversified one. In this dynamic economy it is always
better to diversify your funds. We work on the core mentality of investors and try to
shift their interest from traditional to modern mind set by providing them greater
choices to invest. To expand our piece of the overall industry year on year and keep
up a similar dimension of involvement for each customer. What's more, guarantee
that we become the most profitable resource for every customer.
Mission
To assemble a world class business through high quality and genuine budgetary
arrangements upheld by sharp research and master group. The arrangements are
conveyed by specialists who comprehend the particular yearnings of each customer.
INTRODUCTION

Banking Sector
Bank is a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and lend money to
the people and an institution providing the service of transferring money
and generating income. The word „Bank‟ basically means „bench or counter‟
and comes from the middle French word named banque. Due to the
significance of banks in the financial system and national economies, they
are highly regulated in most countries and now become the part and parcel of
everybody‟s life.

Different types of Banks in the world

There are different types of banks being present in the world. Some of the types
are: Commercial Banks, Community Development Banks, Cooperative Bank,
Credit Unions, Ethical Banks, Exchange Bank, Federal or National Banks,
Indigenous Bank, Industrial Development Bank, Internet Banking,
Investment Bank, Islamic Banks, Land Development Bank, Merchant Banks,
Mortgage Banks, Postal Savings Bank, Private Bank, Savings Banks.

CAMEL Rating System

Concept
It was developed in USA to describe the bank‟s overall condition. It is
applied to approximate 8000 institutions i.e. covering every bank and credit
union in USA and now being implemented in other parts of the world by
various banking supervisory regulators.
Components of CAMEL Rating System
The banks are rated on the basis of camel where „C‟ means Capital adequacy,
„A‟ is for Assets Quality, „M‟ for Management Efficiency, „E‟ is for Earnings
Quality and „L‟ for Liquidity.

CAMEL MODEL
Considerably, to look at the financial performance and soundness of the selected
private sector banks here we are approaching a simplified and untangle system which
internationally approved and accepted known as CAMEL rating system.
Basically, CAMEL rating system stands for capital adequacy, asset quality,
management efficiency, and liquidity ratio. Camel rating system parameters
instinctive and subjective model which specifically shows the financial strength of
financial institution like bank also it helps to indicate banks relative position in
comparison with one another.
Descriptions of elements in the CAMEL rating system are as follows:
1) Capital adequacy ratio:

Capital/ Aggregate of risk weighted average

Debt to equity ratio

Capital adequacy specifies whether the bank has enough capital to observe the
unexpected nurses therefore it indicates the risk appetite. Capital to aggregate of risk
weighted average major the ability of bank in absorbing losses arising from risk
assets games for in the research higher the evolution of this ratio will indicate the
better the financial health of the bank. In the next element that is, debt to equity ratio
with shows the financial leverage of the bank however in the case of private sector
banks there is debt to equity ratio is important which should be lower. After that in
the coverage ratio net worth and net NPS is the important element with respect to
total asset which specify the availability of capital to meet it occurred loss, it should
be higher in the range.
2) Asset quality:
 Total loan to total assets ratio

Net NPA to Advance

The component of asset quality decide how will the bank able to respond to various
financial crisis or district in the banking sector as it is the important parameter to
examine the degree of financial strength. The main aim to calculate the asset quality
is at a percent ascertain as it possesses the composition of nonperforming assets as a
percentage of a total assets.It is said that net NPA to net advances ratio should be
lower to better as it indicates the level of nonperforming assets in the net advance.
3) Management efficiency:

Return on equity

Business per employee

Profit per employee

In the camel rating parameter, management efficiency plays important component

role which ensures the survival and growth of the bank. As it is subjective in nature,
it calculates the indefinable values from financial statements which can be quantified
easily from current financial statement. It helps in taking decision for winter reduce
the operating cost and improve the profitability of bank by stating the need to
improve the productivity of banks by measuring the return on equity, business per
 employee and profit per employee within the year. Basically, management efficiency
measures the banks capability. According to camels rating system, return on equity
should be in a higher range, business per employee should also be in a higher manner
and lastly e the profit per employee ratio should also in higher range will be effective
to rate.

Earning capabilities:

Return on assets

Operating profit to total assets

Non- interest to total assets

Earning efficiency helps to evaluate the bank's long-term viability as it is able to

search the need for appropriate return, its growth in operation and to increase its
maintenance and competitiveness. This earning quality basically determined the
ability of bank to a constantly and it also determine the profitability of a bank to
explain its sustainability in future terms. Specifies the performing activities for banks
such as funding dividend, providing for investment opportunities to bank for its
growth, how to maintain the proper amount of capital level and also suggest the
strategies for engage in new activities related to banking operations in reference to
stay sustainable in the competitive market.
Earning efficiency is measured on return on assets, operating profit to total asset and
non interest total assets where is return on asset higher range, operating profit to total
asset also should be in a hiring and non interest to total asset ratio should be in a
lower manner as per camel rating system.
4) Liquidity

Credit deposit ratio

Investment deposit ratio

Liquidity shows the ability of an organization to convert its assets into cash without
any loss. Liquidity of the banks satisfy and assures the depositors that they can
access to their funds whenever need arise and shows the stability and long-term
productivity of banks. While large quantity of liquidity has a negative impact on
profitability, too little liquidity increases the risk of insolvency.
Liquidity has a significant impact on financial soundness and it evaluates the
operational performance of a bank. It indicates the capacity of a bank to pay its short-
term debts and face unexpected withdrawals of depositors.

DATA COLLECTION:
Based on market capitalization, five banks have been selected from public sector.
The official websites of the banks have been used for the secondary data collection.
As market capitalization has used as a benchmark for the selection of banks from
private sector which are as follows:
 MARKET CAPITALUZATION (IN CR)
29,942.22
42,624.94

44,318.57
SBI
PNB
45,860.88
BOB
4,11,156.85
IOB
Canara

Five financial years have been considered for the study namely; 2016-2017, 2017-18,
2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21 and calculated the mean of efficiency for all the
banks selected for the study.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Analyzing Financial Strength of Public and Private Sector Banks: A CAMEL

Approach
Shukla, S. S. (2015). Analysing financial strength of public and private sector banks:
a CAMEL approach. Pacific Business Review International, 7(8), 44-50.
This research paper discuss about the CAMEL approach which is generally
used by the banks for monitoring and supervision of banks and it has
become vital due to critical Non-performing Assets and bank
disappointments from the 1980s till now. Ceaseless Performance assessment
of the financial area is subsequently critical to guarantee monetary soundness
of an economy. In the light of the overall financial emergency lately,
CAMEL approach is a valuable apparatus to inspect the security and
sufficiency of banks. It likewise features the dangers being looked by banks
and help alleviate the potential dangers which might prompt bank
disappointments. In the current review, an endeavor is made to assess the
exhibition and monetary adequacy of chosen different public and private are
banks utilizing CAMEL approach. For research they select six bank from
both public and private sector bank which are as follows- Axis Bank, HDFC
Bank, ICICI Bank, IDBI Bank, PNB Bank, BOB Bank. As a result after
applying camel approach of execution of different banks, threr review
inferred that, various banks have acquired various exhibitions concerning
CAMEL proportions. They concentrate additionally closed the
accompanying: The HDFC Bank and BOB remained at top situation in terms
of capital ampleness as far as resource quality, the HDFC Bank was at top
most posi tion. In setting of the executives quality, HDFC Bank and ICICI
Bank situated from the get go. as far as income quality, HDFC Bank, ICICI
Bank and IDBI Bank acquired the top position. The ICICI Bank was
positioned top in liquidity model. The general exhibition table shows that,
HDFC Bank is positioned first followed by ICICI Bank and Bank of Baroda.
The vast majority of these banks, including HDFC, ICICI, IDBI, lie in a
comparative position area. Notwithstanding, these banks' resources and so on
change a extraordinary arrangement and they can't be judged exclusively
dependent on the outright upsides of the CAMEL proportions. Taking a
gander at the pattern, we can say that private banks are developing at a
quicker speed than public area banks.

Analyzing Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in India:

Application of CAMEL Model
Prof. Dr. Mohi-ud-Din Sangmi Dean Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies
University of Kashmir , Srinagar
This research discuss about the financial soundness strength of a bank is the
assurance not exclusively to its contributors however is similarly critical for
the investors, employees and entire economy too. As a spin-off of this saying,
endeavors have been produced using time to time, to gauge the monetary
position of each bank and oversee it proficiently and successfully. In this
paper, a work has been made to assess the monetary exhibition of the two
significant banks working in northern India .This assessment has been
finished by utilizing CAMEL Parameters, the most recent model of monetary
examination. Through this model, it is featured that the situation of the banks
under study is sound and palatable so exceptionally far as their capital
ampleness, resource quality, The board capacity and liquidity is concerned.
The examination and the conversation in the procedure pages uncovers that
both the banks are monetarily feasible as both have embraced reasonable
strategies of monetary administration. Both the banks have dealt with their
capital sufficiency proportion well over the base norm of 10% fixed by RBI..
The JKB, taking into account the pressing of spread situation needs to add
more expense based items what's more, administrations in its portfolio. In
any case, the efficiency proportions like income per representative also,
consumption per representative are more if there should arise an occurrence
of JKB contrast with the PNB. The PNB has produced a normal Net Interest
edge of 0.034 contrast with 0.028 produced by JKB. Notwithstanding, return
on resources is more (1.498%) if there should be an occurrence of JKB think
about to PNB (0.936%). The spread administration shows that PNB has
gotten more interest on propels viz-aviz interest paid on stores, the normal
spread proportion being 0.350. With normal spread proportion of 0.320, the
JKB has not been pretty much as effective as PNB in the administration of its
spread (interest got interest paid). The liquidity in a bank is the thing that is
blood in a human body. The bank ought to be in a position to meet its
obligation holders as a when request emerges. In this way the suitable
combination of fluid and non fluid resource is kept up with. For this a fitting
methodology of responsibility and resources the executives is planned. The
liquidity position of JKB, with 0.148 fluid resources for stores proportion is
superior to the PNB where a similar proportion is just 0.100. Nonetheless, the
speculation to store proportion is better in PNB (0.460) contrast with JKB
(0.450).

Analyzing Soundness of Nationalized Banks in India: A CAMEL

Approach
Khatik, S.K., & Nag,A.K.(2014).Analyzing Soundness of Nationalized
Banks in India: A CAMEL Approach.Applied Studies in Agribusiness and
Commerce
Execution of the economy of any nation is to a great extent reliant upon the
exhibition of its financial area. Since, banking area establishes a significant
part of the monetary assistance area. Sufficiency of the financial area is
fundamental for a sound and dynamic economy. The effectiveness,
efficiency, productivity, steadiness and a shock free economy is conceivable
just when a nation is having a sound and solid banking area. The current
exploration work has been attempted to break down the sufficiency of five
nationalized banks in India. To measure the exhibitions of these banks
CAMEL MODEL Approach has been applied, fusing significant boundaries
like Capital Sufficiency, Assets Quality, Management Efficiency, Earnings
Quality and Liquidity.
The accompanying ideas could be set down in the light of the discoveries:
I. The UCO Bank needs to expand its Capital Adequacy Proportion to keep
up with its investors' certainty furthermore, to advance the soundness and
effectiveness of its monetary framework.
ii. The UCO Bank should give due significance to the executives of its
resources since, the nature of resources is a significant boundary to quantify
the level of monetary strength.
iii. The State Bank of India ought to further develop its administration
proficiency to take significant choices relying upon the danger discernment.
iv. The UCO Bank should attempt to work on the nature of its center
financial exercises i.e., from loaning exercises in request to build pay. Since,
nature of acquiring is a significant standard that decides the capacity of a
bank to acquire reliably.
v. The Union Bank of India should give most extreme significance to its
liquidity position and should attempt to improve it, since liquidity is an
essential perspective which gauges the bank's capacity to meet its monetary
obligations. The finding of the review shows that Bank of Baroda has been
positioned at the top position, the Union Bank of India and Dena Bank got
the second position, the following was the State Bank of India which gotten
the fourth position and in the last position was the UCO Bank which got the
fifth position.

A CAMEL Model Analysis of Public, Private and Foreign Sector Bank in India
Palamalai, S., & Saminathan, Y. (2016). A CAMEL model analysis of public, private
and foreign sector banks in India. Pacific Business Review International, 8(9), 45-
57.This paper discuss about camel approach which is a tool to survey the
relative financial strength of a bank and to recommend important measures to
improve shortcomings of a bank. In India, RBI embraced this methodology in
1996 followed on the suggestions of Padmanabham Working Group
committee (1995). In the current review, an endeavor has been made to rank
the different business banks working in India. The banks in India have been
ordered into Public area, Private area, and Unfamiliar banks. The example of
chose banks comprises of 25 Public Area, 18 Private Sector, and 8 Foreign
banks. With the end goal of positioning, CAMEL MODEL methodology has
been applied, consolidating significant boundaries like Capital Adequacy,
Assets Quality, The board Efficiency, Earnings Quality and Liquidity. The
finding of the review shows that public area banks, viz. Andhra Bank, Bank
of Baroda, Allahabad Bank, Punjab National Bank IDBI Bank, State Bank of
Bikaner and Jaipur and UCO Bank has been positioned at the top five
situations in their monetary presentation during the review time frame. The
private area banks, in particular, Tamilnad Merchantile Bank, Kotak
Mahindra Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, Karur Vysya Bank, ICICI Bank,
Citi Union Bank and IndusInd Bank shared the main five positions. The
unfamiliar banks like Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait, HSBC Bank, The Royal
Bank of Scotland, Deutsche Bank, CTBS Bank, Citi Bank, DBS Bank and
Royal Bank of Scotland got the top five situations during the review time
frame. CAMEL approach is critical apparatus to survey the family member
monetary strength of a bank and to propose essential measures to further
develop shortcomings of a bank. In India, RBI taken on this methodology in
1996 followed on the proposals of Padmanabham Working Group (1995)
advisory group. In the current review, an endeavor has been made to rank the
different business banks working in India. The banks in India have been
classified into Public area, Private area, and Foreign banks. The example of
chose banks comprises of 25 Public Sector, 18 Private Sector, and 8
Unfamiliar banks. To rank, CAMEL MODEL methodology has been applied,
joining significant boundaries like Capital Adequacy, Assets Quality, The
executives Efficiency, Earnings Quality and Liquidity.The finding of the
review shows that public area banks, viz. Andhra Bank, Bank of Baroda,
Allahabad Bank, Punjab Public Bank IDBI Bank, State Bank of Bikaner and
Jaipur also, UCO Bank has been positioned at the main five situations in their
monetary presentation during the review time frame. The private area banks,
to be specific, Tamilnad Merchantile Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, HDFC
Bank, Axis Bank, Karur Vysya Bank, ICICI Bank, Citi Union Bank and
IndusInd Bank shared the main five positions. The unfamiliar banks such as
Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait, HSBC Bank, The Royal Bank of Scotland,
Deutsche Bank, CTBS Bank, Citi Bank, DBS Bank and Royal Bank of
Scotland got the main five positions during the review time frame. The exact
outcomes show that there is a measurably huge distinction between the
CAMEL proportions of the chose Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks
and Foreign Banks in India, in this way, connoting that the general exhibition
of inside and between Public, Private and unfamiliar Banks are unique.
Additionally, it very well may be reasoned that the keeps money with least
positioning need to work on their presentation to come up to the ideal
guidelines.
A Comparative Study on Financial Performance Of Public Sector Banks
in India: An Analysis On CAMEL Model
Karri, H., Meghani, K., & Mishra, B. (2015). A Comparative Study on Financial
Performance of Public Sector Banks in India: An Analysis on Camel Model.
This research study talks about the Camel approach in public sector banks in
India and financial performance of this banks. Banking area is one of the
quickest developing areas in India. The present financial area becoming more
intricate. The goal of this review is to dissect the Financial Position and
Performance of the Bank of Baroda and Punjab National Bank in India
dependent on their monetary qualities. This concentrate on endeavors to
quantify the overall presentation of Indian banks. For this review, we have
utilized public area banks. And for the sampling they selected Bank of
Baroda and Punjab National Bank. They realize that in the assistance area, it
is hard to measure the yield in light of the fact that it is elusive. We have
picked the CAMEL model and t-test which estimates the presentation of bank
from every one of the significant boundary like capital sufficiency, resource
quality, the board productivity, procuring quality, liquidity and Sensitivity.
From the CAMELS' investigation it clears that there is no importance
contrast between the Bank of Baroda and Punjab National Bank's monetary
presentation however we presume that the Punjab Public Bank execution is
somewhat less contrasted and Bank of Baroda. Every one of the two banks
have prevailed with regards to keeping up with CRAR at a more significant
level than the endorsed level, 10%. Be that as it may, the Bank of Baroda has
kept up with most elevated across the term of most recent five years. It is
very great sign for the banks to endure and to extend in future. Out of 14
proportions utilized in the CAMEL model the normal figures of Bank Of
Baroda is awesome for (6 proportions) trailed by Punjab National Bank (5
proportions). Consequently it is set up that Bank of Baroda is the best bank in
the chose public area banks. In nutshell it very well may be inferred that
straightforwardness and great administration would function as head
directing power in present situation

Performance Analysis of Top Indian Banks Through Camel Approach

Kumar, S., & Sharma, R. (2014). Performance analysis of top Indian banks through
CAMEL approach. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and
Social Sciences.

The study discuss about the camel approach in Indian top banks. The worldwide
monetary emergency during 2007-2009 has brought about disappointments of
banking and monetary foundations and freezing up of capital business sectors, with
impressive consequences for the genuine economy from one side of the planet to the
other. The development and solidness of the monetary state of a nation rely upon the
sufficiency of its financial area. This paper breaks down the different parts of
execution and adequacy in the nation Banking area, by CAMEL approach. The
investigation of the main 8 market promoted banks and figures many variables
deciding these by utilization of econometric examination of the Secondary Data
gathered from different valid hotspots for a time of 6 years, monetary year 2007-08
to 2012-13. The example banks have been positioned on CAMEL boundaries.
Positioning these beneficial banks is muddled to the level, that any kind of such
positioning is question of equivocalness as the proportions chose for the calculation
of positioning can be deciphered in the manner one loves. The selected strategy gives
a shortsighted method of introducing troublesome information concerning execution
of the top players of the business. The Growth of Banking industry is one of the main
variables of Economic advancement of a country. The current review has been done
to track down the monetary sufficiency of a Highest Market Capitalized banks in
India utilizing CAMEL model during the period 2006- The fundamental discoveries
of this review regions fllows: Kotak Mahindra Bank is on Top situation as far as
capital sufficiency followed by ICICI bank. SBI has most elevated NPA level among
their companion bunch followed by ICICI bank PNB is profoundly the board
proficient with the most elevated evaluating in this boundary. Earning nature of SBI
and PNB are on top. Kotak Mahindra and ICICI are the most effective in dealing
with their Liquidity. The in general joined exhibition table shows that, SBI is
positioned first followed by PNB and HDFC bank.
Study on Model and Camel Analysis of Banking
Haralayya, D., & Aithal, P. S. (2021). Study on Model and Camel Analysis of
Banking. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals (IRE), 4(11), 244-259.

This research paper discuss about the banking system which has been commanded by
three noteworthy methodologies, in particular, the creation approach (benefit
arrangement approach); the intermediation approach (resource approach) and present
day approach the initial two customarily recognized methodologies vary just in the
specification of banking activities. The generation approach expect that banks deliver
credits and stores account services, utilizing work and capital as inputs. In addition,
the number and sort of exchanges or reports handled are estimated as outputs. The
second methodology sees banks as the money related middle people among savers
and speculators. It has been contended that these methodologies can't catch the
double idea of the banking system. However, under the intermediation approach,
banks are considered as go-betweens among savers and speculators and inside this
methodology, the stream is commonly expected to be proportional to the sock of
money related estimation of accounts, for example, number of advances (in '), stores,
borrowings, ventures, and so forth. Then again, the third methodology incorporates
number of explicit activities of banking into the established hypothesis and along
these lines, adjusting them. recommended that the creation approach ascertains better
as far as data given by the banks at branch level, whereas, the intermediation
approach is most appropriate for the money related middle people at the whole
dimension. Further, there dependably emerge impediments in gathering the
information for the quantity of exchanges and reports prepared. Subsequently, the
intermediation approach is for the most part supported in the banking literature. The
accessible writing on the identification of outputs and inputs in the banking system
prompted the foundation of the benefit, client cost and esteem included
methodologies, which are seen as the variations of intermediation approach. Every
one of the methodologies center around different money related activities performed
by the banks and basically utilize the budgetary information given by the banks. This
methodology is best spoken to through proportion-based CAMEL (Capital
sufficiency, Resource quality, The board, Income, Liquidity) approach. To quantify
the execution of banks, different parts of CAMEL are gotten from the asset report
given by the banks toward the finish of the money related period.

A CAMEL Model Analysis of Private Banks in India.

Kumar, V., & Malhotra, B. (2017). A camel model analysis of Private Banks in
India. EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review, 5(7), 87-92.

The paper gather information about the execution assessment of the financial area is
a compelling measure and pointer to really take a look at the sufficiency of monetary
exercises of an economy. In the current review an endeavor has been made to assess
the presentation and monetary sufficiency of chose Private Bank in India for the
period 2007-2017. CAMEL approach has been utilized to look at the monetary
strength of the chose banks. Composite Rankings, Average, and Covariance has been
applied here to arrive at resolution through the relative and critical examination of
various boundaries of CAMEL. Hub bank is positioned first under the CAMEL
examination followed by ICICI bank. Kotak Mahindra involved the third position.
The fourth position is involved by HDFC bank and the last position is involved by
IndusInd bank among every one of the chose banks. The general positioning of the
banks considering every one of the sub models rankings under CAMEL examination
over the ten years time frame (2007-2017) is introduced in after Table 1-6. The
gathering rankings of the multitude of banks considered with the end goal of study is
taken and arrived at the midpoint of out to reach at the general terrific positioning.
Hub bank is positioned first under the CAMEL examination followed by ICICI.
Kotak Mahindra involved the third position. The fourth position is involved by
HDFC. The last situation under CAMEL examination is involved by IndusInd bank
among every one of the chose banks during the year 2007-2017. By thinking about
the entirety of the boundaries of CAMEL, it is seen that Axis bank is at the top
situation as evaluated by the CAMEL Model contrasted with different banks under
the review. Pivot bank has solid execution if there should arise an occurrence of
Asset Quality, Management effectiveness and Earnings Ability while it is linger
behind in the event of capital sufficiency. On the opposite side, IndusInd bank at the
most minimal position contrasted with different banks under the concentrate because
of its lackluster showing with regards to Capital Adequacy, Earnings Ability and
Liquidity though it perform better if there should be an occurrence of capital
ampleness. In this manner, IndusInd bank ought to advance its situation specifically
feeble regions. Accordingly, the arrangement producers of the connected most
reduced positioning banks should make vital strides and attempt to discover answer
for work on their shortcomings by utilizing the discoveries this review.

Financial Performance of Selected Public and Private Sector Bank Based on

Camel Model with Reference to Indian Banking Sector
Kankipati, A., & Murty, A. V. N. (2017). Financial Performance of Selected Public
and Private Sector Banks Based on CAMEL Model with Reference to Indian
Banking Sector. International Journal in Management and Social Science, 5(4).

This paper inform about the financial strength and performance of Public and Private
bank with camels approach. The banking sector is the foundation of the Indian
economy and it serves to the development and improvement of the country. This
paper investigation at the monetary sufficiency of particular public area banks under
universally acknowledged CAMEL structure. This paper notices the conduct of
different boundaries of CAMEL approach model and their capacity over the review
time frame. The monetary examination tracks down the general adequacy of specific
public area keeps money with certain five boundaries .present review investigates the
presentation of two private area and two public area banks for the period 2012-2016
utilizing CAMEL model. The exploration means to assess Capital sufficiency, Asset
quality, Management, Earnings and Liquidity boundaries for comprehension of
adequacy of banks. The use of CAMEL way to deal with both private and public area
bank for the period 2012 to 2016 permits us to out the exhibition of banks. We use
obligation value proportion for the investigate of capital sufficiency boundary,
advance misfortune arrangements to add up to credits for the dissect of resources
quality boundary, return on value for breaking down administration quality side,
return on resources for examine income boundary and stores on complete resources
proportions to examine liquidity capacity. Our review presumed that as far as Capital
ampleness proportion boundary AXIS and SBI were at the top position, while ICICI
got least position. The conceivable justification behind this was the terrible showing
of ICICI owing debtors value, advances to resources and government protections to
add up to Investments proportions. As far as Asset quality boundary, ICICI held the
high level while AXIS held the most un-rank. The conceivable justification behind
this was the lackluster showing of AXIS in absolute ventures to add up to resources
and net NPAs to add up to resources and rate change in NPA proportions. Under
Management proficiency boundary it is seen that high level taken by ICICI and least
position taken by AXIS. The conceivable justification behind this was the lackluster
showing of AXIS in all out advances to add up to stores, business per worker, and
return on value proportions. As far as Earning quality boundary the ability of BOB
got the high level in the while ICICI was basically place. The conceivable
justification behind this was the horrible showing of ICICI in working benefit to add
up to resources, net benefit to add up to resources and net interest. Edge to add up to
resources proportions. Under the Liquidity boundary ICICI remained on the top spot
and AXIS was on the least spot. The conceivable justification behind this was the
horrible showing of SBI in fluid resources for all out stores and fluid resources for
request stores and Approved protections to Total Assets proportions. The current
concentrate additionally shows that however positioning of proportions is distinctive
for various banks in chosen private and public area banks. In any case, there is no
measurably critical contrast between the CAMEL proportions. It connotes that the
general presentation of chose private and public area banks; this is a direct result of
embracing current innovation, recuperation system and banking changes. ICICI
needs to advance its situation concerning resource quality and capital ampleness, SBI
ought to work on its liquidity and BOB ought to further develop its procuring quality.

Performance Evaluation of Andhra Bank & Bank of Maharashtra with

CAMEL Model
Biswas, M. (2014). Performance evaluation of Andhra bank & Bank of Maharashtra with camel
model. International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review, 1(5), 220-226.

The current review centers around the assessment of the presentation of two public
sector banks which are Andhra Bank and Bank of Maharashtra with CAMEL model.
Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra states are among the best five most people
territories of India. Likewise these are the two states, which have the high rates of
rancher suicides because of the powerlessness to reimburse the credits. With this
foundation these states with their separate public area banks are considered to do the
similar review. The review takes on a scientific and illustrative exploration plan. The
information of the example banks for a time of 2011-2013 have been gathered from
the yearly reports of the banks. Twenty factors as upheld by the current writing
identified with CAMEL model are utilized in the review. The capital adequacy ratio
of Andhra Bank and Bank of Maharashtra is higher than the prescribed level as given
by the capital adequacy norms. The investigation discovered that Andhra Bank
overwhelmed in Management Efficiency and Earning Quality. Anyway on Assets
Quality and Liquidity Bank of Maharashtra ruled over Andhra Bank. Both the banks
were comparable to regard to the Cash Adequacy Ratio. Andhra Bank and Bank of
Maharashtra were examined for their relative presentation utilizing the CAMEL
model.On the CAMEL model Andhra Bank overwhelmed in Management Efficiency
 and Earning Quality. Anyway on Assets Quality and Liquidity Bank of Maharashtra
overwhelmed over Andhra Bank. Both the banks were comparable to regard to the
Cash Adequacy Ratio. By and large both the banks were observed to perform
comparable to one another.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Objective of the Study

1. To compare the financial position and performance of selected private
sector bank using camel rating system.
2. To understand camel rating system.
3. To understand growth and performance of banking sector with data analytics.

Research Design/ Methodology

Type of Research
The present study is based on descriptive research.
Sources of Data
The secondary data has been used for this study and the data were collected from the
official directory, Indian Banking Association, RBI Official site, and from the annual
report of banks and money control. To analysis the comparative financial
performance of all the banks this research paper adopted the world renowned:
CAMEL Model (Capital Adequacy, Assets Quality, Management, Earning Quality
and Liquidity) and with statistical tools used are arithmetic mean.
Samples
For doing this research, Leading 5 Public sector banks have been nominated
based on the total assets and market capatilazation namely State Bank of
India, Punjab National bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Canara Bank, Bank of
Baroda, and as per consolidated basis.
Parameters for Measuring Financial Performance:
CAMEL Model has been used to conduct the Research.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1. Capital Adequacy
i. Capital to Risk-weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) = (Tier 1+Tier 2)capital x
100
Risk Weighted Assets

Table 1.1
Showing CRAR of Selected Banks
Canara
BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Bank
Capital to
Risk-weighted
Assets Ratio
(CRAR) % 13.74 15.19 14.99 15.32 13.18
RANK 4 2 3 1 5

Capital to Risk-weighted Assets Ratio

(CRAR) %
15.5

15

14.5

14
CRAR

13.5

13

12.5

12
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
Capital to Risk-weighted
13.74 15.19 14.99 15.32 13.18
Assets Ratio (CRAR) %

Analysis and Interpretation

All the three Banks namely Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank and
Indian overseas Bank has approximately equal amount of CRAR with 14.99,
 15.19, 15.32. It Implies that these banks have greater capacity to adapt to the
loss if occurs though has Indian overseas Bank highest ranking in CRAR in
Basel. On the other hand State Bank Of India stood at 13.74 % and Canara Bank has
taken the last positions with CRAR 13.18%, which is the least. But all the
banks have followed the guidelines of RBI and has maintained the CRAR of
12.9%.

ii. Debt-Equity Ratio

Table 1.2
Showing Debt-Equity Ratio of Selected Banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

DEBT TO EQITY
1.54 1.24 0.8 0.4 0.7
RATIO

RANK 1 2 3 5 4

DEBT TO EQITY RATIO

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
DEBT TO EQITY RATIO 1.54 1.24 0.8 0.4 0.7

Analysis and Interpretation

State Bank of India Secures first Position in Debt-Equity ratio with 1.54
followed by Punjab national Bank with 1.24 Canara Bank and Bank of India
stands at last with average of 15.05 and 15.16 times. It means that the
 Creditors and depositors of Punjab National Bank and State Bank of India are
more secured as they are using less debt than other 3 banks, Whereas
Creditors and Depositors of Bank of Baroda and Bank of India are at higher
risk as they are focusing more on Debt than the shareholder‟s wealth and
Bank of India stays last with the highest risk and by Debt-Equity Ratio of
15.16.

2. Assets Quality

i. Net NPAs to Net Advances Ratio

Table 2.1
Showing Net Assets to Net Advances Ratio of Selected banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

NET NPA TO
ADVANCES % 1.5 5.73 3.09 3.58 3.82
RANK 5 1 4 3 2

NET NPA TO ADVANCES %

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
NET NPA TO ADVANCES % 1.5 5.73 3.09 3.58 3.82
 Analysis and Interpretation
Bank of Baroda secures first position with lower NPA of 0.81% against Net
Advances followed by Bank of India and Canara Bank with 1.55 and 1.66%.
It states that Bank of Baroda has adopted a better lending policy and
managing the Non-performing assets in a better way than other four banks.
Whereas State Bank of India has higher NPA with 1.97% and securing the
last position indicating the poor management and lending policy.

ii. Total Investments to Total Assets Ratio

Table 2.2
Showing Total Loan to Total Assets Ratio of Selected Banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

TOTAL LOAN
TO TOTAL 64.01 59.75 68.92 55.5 62.26
ASSET(%)

RANK 2 4 1 5 3

TOTAL LOAN TO TOTAL ASSET(%)

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
TOTAL LOAN TO TOTAL
64.01 59.75 68.92 55.5 62.26
ASSET(%)
 Analysis and Interpretation
Bank of Baroda stands at first position in Investments to assets ratio with
20.38% followed by Bank of India with 22.62%. It means that both the Banks
are focusing on advancing the money rather investing, for the future growth
of the business and adopting an aggressive policy. Whereas, Punjab national
Bank and Canara Bank is focusing on making a cushion against
Nonperforming assets by investing the money more with the investments to
assets ratio of 26.20 and 25.54%. These both banks are using conservative
policy and are more feared of nonperforming assets.

3. Management Efficiency
i. Return on Equity/Net Worth

Table 3.1
Showing Return on Equity/Net worth Ratio of Selected Banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

RETURN ON
EQUITY(%) 8.86 2.41 1.07 4.90 5.05
RANK 1 4 5 3 2

RETURN ON EQUITY(%)
10
9
8
RETURN ON EQUITY %

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
RETURN ON EQUITY(%) 8.86 2.41 1.07 4.90 5.05
Analysis and Interpretation
Bank of Baroda is at the peak with 18.06% of Return on Net worth followed by
Punjab National Bank with 17.07%. It means that Bank of Baroda and Punjab
National Bank are earning good amount of Profits which in result benefitting
the shareholders. Higher the Profits, Higher the return on equity or money
invested in the banks. Canara Bank stan ds at middle position with good rate of
return, whereas State Bank of India and Bank of India has least Rate of Return
with 13.45 and 12.00%.

ii. Profit per Employee

Table 3.2
Showing Profit per Employee of Selected Banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

PROFIT PER
2.62 0.57 -1.27 1.48 1.35
EMPLOYEE

RANK 1 4 5 2 3

PROFIT PER EMPLOYEE %

3
2.5
PROFIT PER EMPLOYEE %

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
PROFIT PER EMPLOYEE 2.62 0.57 -1.27 1.48 1.35
Analysis and Interpretation:
Higher the Profit Per employee, better is it for the employees and company.
In this State Bank Of India stands at first position with profit per employee of
2.62 lakhs followed by Indian Overseas Bank with 1.48 lakhs and Canara
Bank with 1.35 Lakhs. It also reflect that Bank of Baroda has low profit per
employee as it shows negative -1.27 lakhs Where as Punjab National Bank has 0.57
lakhs profit per employee ratio. And also employee of Punjab National Bank and
Bank of Baroda lest profit per employee ratio as compared to other.

iii. Business per employee

Table 3.3
Showing Business per Employee of Selected Banks
BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
BUSINESS
PER 113.215 80.417281 8.4468415 17.2078 6.54867
EMPLOYEE
RANK 1 2 4 3 5

BUSINESS PER EMPLOYEE

120

100
BUSINESS PER EMPLOYEE %

80

60

40

20

0
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
BUSINESS PER EMPLOYEE 113.2 80.41 8.44 17.2 6.54
 Analysis and Interpretation
Higher the business per employee, higher is the productivity of the human
resources. The above table shows that State Bank of India and Punjab
National Bank stands at leading positions in case of business per employee
i.e. having a good amount of business per an individual worker with 113.2
and 80.41 crores. It means that Human Resources of these both banks is
more efficient. Whereas, Canara Bank stands at last with a low business
per employee of 6.54 Crore, which is lower than other four banks. The
efficiency and productivity of Employees of Canara Bank and Bank of
Baroda is quite low.

4. Earning Quality

i. Return on Assets

Table 4.1
Showing Return on Assets of Selected Banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

RETURN ON
0.48 0.16 0.07 0.30 0.22
ASSETS
RANK 1 4 5 2 3

RETURN ON ASSETS %
0.6

0.5
RETURN ON ASSETS %

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
RETURN ON ASSETS 0.48 0.16 0.07 0.30 0.22
Analysis and Interpretation
If the company has a high return on assets than its indicates the company has good
control over its resources to maintain its assets. State bank of India properly used it
assets to earns money and thus leads in Return on Assets. And followed by Indian
Overseas Bank. In the table Punjab National Bank and Bank of Baroda stood at the
last with O.16 and 0.07. which means they couldn‟t utilize its assets to earn money.

ii. Operating Profit to Total Assets

Table 4.2
Showing Operating Profit to Total Assets of Selected Banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

OPERATING
PROFIT TO
TOTAL
ASSETS -0.50 -0.85 -0.99 -1.72 -1.1
RANK 1 2 3 5 4

OPERATING PROFIT TO TOTAL ASSETS %

0.00
-0.20
-0.40
-0.60
-0.80
-1.00
-1.20
-1.40
-1.60
-1.80
-2.00
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
OPERATING PROFIT TO
-0.50 -0.85 -0.99 -1.72 -1.1
TOTAL ASSETS

Analysis and Interpretation

Higher the operating profit, better are the operations. But in this case the
operating profit of all the selected bank shows negative operation profit
 against its total assets. Indian Overseas Bank has higher negative operating
profit to total assets as compared to other banks.

iii. Non-interest Income to Total Asset

Table 4.3
Showing Non-interest Income to Total Assets of Selected Banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

NON-
INTEREST
INCOME TO
TOTAL
ASSETS 0.95 1.01 1.07 2.02 1.32
RANK 1 2 3 5 4

NON-INTEREST INCOME TO TOTAL

ASSETS %
2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
NON-INTEREST INCOME
0.95 1.01 1.07 2.02 1.32
TO TOTAL ASSETS

Analysis and Interpretation

Higher the net profit, better is the earning potential of the bank. The above
table shows that Bank of Baroda is leading in net profit to assets ratio with 1.09
followed by Punjab National Bank with 1.00. It means that both the banks are
earning good amount of return on their assets. Whereas, the condition for
Bank of India is Poor. The earning potential of Bank of India is 0.68 like half
 of that of Bank of Baroda.

5. Liquidity

i. Credit Deposit Ratio

Table 5.1
Showing Credit Deposit Ratio of Selected Banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

CREDIT
DEPOSIT
RATIO 69.75 60.94 73.04 53.15 63.22
RANK 2 4 1 5 3

CREDIT DEPOSIT RATIO %

80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
CREDIT DEPOSIT RATIO 69.75 60.94 73.04 53.15 63.22

Analysis and Interpretation

Higher the Credit deposit ratio, Better is the solvency and working capital of
the banks, which is required for day to day operations. Bank of Baroda stands
at first position with Liquid assets of 73.04% followed by State of India with
69.75%. Whereas Punjab National Bank and Canara Bank has stood at assets
of 60.94% and 63.22%. And at last Indian Overseas Bank with 53.15% credit
deposit Ratio. It means that Bank of Baroda and State of India is more
solvent and has great potential to fulfill the demand than compared to other
banks.

ii. Investment Deposit Ratio

Table 5.2
Showing Investment Deposit Ratio of Selected Banks

BANKS SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara

INVESTMENT
DEPOSIT
RATIO 40.39 34.99 28.01 37.76 26.76
RANK 1 3 4 2 5

INVESTMENT DEPOSIT RATIO %

45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
SBI PNB BOB IOB Canara
INVESTMENT DEPOSIT
40.39 34.99 28.01 37.76 26.76
RATIO

Analysis and Interpretation

Higher the Investment Deposit ratio, Higher is the amount of cash available for
the Depositors of the banks. The above table state that State Bank of India,
Indian Overseas Bank and Punjab National Bank is Keeping 40.39%, 37.76%
and 34.99% times of the money for their depositors to fulfill their demand,
Whereas Bank of Baroda and Canara Bank has kept only 28.01% and 26.76%
cash. It states that State Bank of India , Indian Overseas Bank and Punjab national bank
has greater capacity to fulfill the demand and advance the money to the people.
FINDINGS
According to research conducted by CAMEL Model for Leading Five Public
Sector Banks It is found out that Bank of Baroda has performed better in
Capital Adequacy followed by Punjab National Bank. It states that both these
Banks has good risk management system and has greater capacity to meet‟s
its additional capital needs. The Findings of our study are similar to Lakhtaria
(2013)
Bank of Baroda has good quality assets and performs better than other four
Banks followed by Bank of India. It shows that these two banks have
managed their Assets and NPA‟s in a better way and has invested their assets
at right place. The Findings of our study are similar to Ravinder and Prasad
(2012), Aspal and Malhotra (2013), Lakhtaria (2013).
Bank of Baroda has better management efficiency and ranks at first
position followed by Punjab National Bank. So, both these banks has greater
productivity and good working management and takes the corrective
measures if any conflict occurs. The Findings of our study are similar to
Lakhtaria (2013).
Bank of Baroda has better earning capacity and secures first position in
earning quality followed by Punjab National Bank. It shows that both these
banks have capacity to earn regular cash inflows and can earn better profits in
future so as to sustain in the market. The Findings of our study are similar to
Lakhtaria (2013).
Bank of Baroda has secured first position in Liquidity followed by Bank of
India. It shows that both these banks have invested their cash in High return
securities and has good amount of working capital. The Findings of our study
are similar to Ravinder and Prasad (2012), Aspal and Malhotra (2013),
Lakhtaria (2013), Gupta (2014).

CONCLUSION
The consequences of study shows that Bank of Baroda is driving in every one
of the parts of CAMEL followed by Punjab National Bank in Capital
Adequacy, Management productivity and Earning limit and Bank of India in
Asset Quality, which is practically Similar to Lakhtaria (2013), while State
 Bank of India has not performed well as per the concentrate however it hold
most elevated measure of resources and money saves. Canara Bank has
consistently stayed in the center position. There has been a huge change in
the presentation of these banks consistently. Bank of Baroda has truly
performed well. Because of extremist change in the financial area in the new
years Central banks from one side of the planet to the other has expands their
oversight quality and methods. As indicated by the Study directed by Aspal
and Malhotra (2013), Punjab National Bank Leads in Earning Quality and
Canara Bank in Capital Adequacy yet as the time elapses both Bank of
Baroda and Punjab National Bank shares first situation in procuring quality
as displayed in the investigation of Lakhtaria (2013) and as the exhibition of
Bank of Baroda expands it outperforms Punjab National Bank in acquiring
quality and Canara bank in Capital Adequacy. On the off chance that we look
at the general Performance of the Selected Banks, study is like each study.
Regardless of whether it is Lakhtaria (2013), Aspal and Malhotra (2013) or
Gupta (2014), in which Bank of Baroda has performed better compared to
any remaining chosen banks. However, because of entry of time there is
vacillations in the presentation of other four Banks.

SUGGESTIONS
1. The Study recommends that State Bank of India needs to improve its Assets
Quality, Management efficiency and Liquidity. Similarly Punjab National
Bank has to improve its Liquidity and Assets Quality and Bank of India
should focus on Capital Adequacy and Earning Quality.
2. Due to Passage of time, the ranking of Canara Bank and Punjab National
bank has decreased, which is a negative sign for the Banks. They both need
to increase their overall productivity and efficiency in order to compete
with the tough banks like Bank of Baroda.
References:

https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/canarabank/ratiosVI/CB06%23CB06
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/canara-bank/balancesheet/companyid-
9218.cms
https://canarabank.com/media/4550/ANNUALREPORT2020-21.pdf
https://bank.sbi/corporate/AR2021/assets/PDF/English/16-
State%20Bank%20of%20India(Standalone).pdf
https://www.pnbindia.in/annual-reports.html
https://www.bankofbaroda.in/shareholders-corner/annual-reports
https://www.iob.in/upload/CEDocuments/Annual_Report_2020_21.pdf
https://stock-financials.valuestocks.in/en/sbi-ratio-analysis