Example of Analytical Exposition

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Analytical Exposition Text

Definition of Analytical Exposition


Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. Its
social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.

Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition


1.Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position
2.Argument 1: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position
3.Argument 2: Explaining the other arguments support the writer’s position more
4.Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position

Language Features of Analytical Exposition


Using relational process
Using internal conjunction
Using causal conjunction
Using Simple Present Tense

Example of Analytical exposition :

Laptop as Student’s Friend


Conventionally, students need book, pen, eraser, drawing book, ruler and such other stuff.
Additionally, in this multimedia era, students need more to reach their progressive
development. Students need mobile keyboards to record every presented subject easily. Of
course it will need more cost but it will deserve for its function.

First, modern schools tend to apply fast transferring knowledge because the school needs to
catch the target of curriculum. Every subject will tend to be given in demonstrative method.
Consequently students need extra media cover the subject. Since there is a laptop on every
students’ desk, this method will help student to get better understanding.

Secondly, finding an appropriate laptop is not difficult as it was. Recently there is an online
shop which provides comprehensive information. The best is that the shop has service of
online shopping. The students just need to brows that online shop, decide which computer or
laptop they need, and then complete the transaction. After that the laptop will be delivered to
the students’ houses. That is really easy and save time and money.

From all of that, having mobile computer is absolutely useful for students who want to catch
the best result for their study. Buying laptop online is advisable because it will cut the price.
This online way is recommended since online shop also provides several laptop types.
Students just need to decide which type they really need.

Anecdote Text

Definition and Social Function of Anecdote


Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its
purpose is to entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Anecdote


1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Incident.

Language Feature of Anecdote


1. Using exclamation words; it’s awful!, it’s wonderful!, etc
2. Using imperative; listen to this
3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?
4. Using action verb; go, write, etc
5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward
6. Using simple past tense

Example of Anecdote :

There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine
children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were
making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but finally
they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the
whole family member in a new liner to America.

The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America.
However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor
sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined
for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams
were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.

The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship
leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son
and God for the misfortune.

Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty
Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been
called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.

The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog,
they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him
for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a
tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)

Recount Text

Definition of Recount
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to
inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that
differentiates from narrative

Generic Structure of Recount


1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

Language Feature of Recount


• Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
• Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
• Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
• Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
• Using simple past tense

Example of Recount :

There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decided to join the tours to see as
much as possible. My friend stayed in Kuta on arrival. He spent the first three days
swimming and surfing on Kuta beach. He visited some tour agents and selected two tours.
The first one was to Singaraja, the second was to Ubud.
On the day of the tour, he was ready. My friend and his group drove on through mountains.
Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousands people. It is a busy but quiet town. The street are
lined with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. Then they returned very late in the
evening to Kuta.
The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but to see the
art and the craft of the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture.
There my friend watched young boys were carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop
was Celuk, a center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he stopped a little while for
lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist center
My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spent on the
beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet satisfied.

Report Text

Definition of Report
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of
systematic observation and analysis

Generic Structure of Report


1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public
place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs
or deed for living creature and usage for materials

Language Feature of Report


• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense

Example of Report :

Platypus
Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is a
native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a
thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud. Platypus’ eyes
and head are small. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the
streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and
flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.

Spoof Text

Definition and Social Function of Spoof


Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable and
funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story.

Generic Structure of Spoof


1. Orientation
2. Events
3. Twist

Language Feature of Spoof


1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things
2. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc
3. Using adverb of time and place
4. Told in chronological order

Example of Spoof :

Private Conversation

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting.I did not
enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking very
loudly.I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned around. I looked at the man and
the young woman angrily. They did not pay any attention.In the end, I could not bear it. I
turned around again. “I could not hear a word” I said angrily.“It’s none of your business” the
young man said rudely. “This is a private conversation”

Narrative Text

Definition of Narrative

Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past
events and entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Narrative

A narrative text consists of the following structure:


1. Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place

2. Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with

3. Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse

Language Features of Narrative

 Using processes verbs

 Using temporal conjunction

 Using Simple Past Tense

Example of Narrative

The Legend of Toba Lake


Once upon time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru Sahala. He liked
fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find out that the fish could talk. The
fish begged him to set it free.
Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free, the fish changed
into a very beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so much. He felt in love with that
fish-woman. The woman wanted to marry with him and said that Batara Guru had to keep the
secret which she had been a fish. Batara Guru aggreed and promised that he would never tell
anybody about it.
They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day Batara Guru got very angry
with his daughter. He could not control his mad. He shouted angrily and got the word of fish
to his daugters. The daughters were crying. They found their mother and talked her about it.
The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was shouting
angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth formed a very
big hole. People believed that the big hole became a lake. Then this lake is known as Toba
lake.
Hortatory Exposition

Definition of Hortatory Exposition


Hortatory exposition is a text which represents the attempt of the writer to have the addressee
do something or act in certain way.

Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition


1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation

Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition


1. Focusing on the writer
2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
3. Using action verb
4. Using thinking verb
5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
8. Using passive voice
9. Using simple present tense

Example of hortatory exposition:

Where should be After School?

The National examination result will be publicly enounced in next short time. Euphoria will
flood for those who get success. In the other hand, It will be sorry to hear that there are some
of them do not succeed in their national final examination. For those who succeed soon will
think to decide; where will they be after graduating high school? Actually it will be easy to
decide for those has been arranged and thought earlier but for those have not planned yet, it
will be quite confusing.

Continuing study or looking for work is the primary choice among them. When they think
about continuing study, they will think hard about the time and cost. How long the higher
study will last? And how high is about the cost. In the same way, when they think about
straightly seeking job, what skill and competence they have got is a big matter of questioning.
So, doing both choices in the same time is an alternative.

Continuing study as well as seeking job is possibly done but it will be hard for them.
Conventionally studying in the university needs much time to spend especially in the first
year. It is true because they have to do and adapt a lot of things in their new higher school. it
will be very hard to looking for job. Therefore it should come to their mind of continuing
studying at higher school from their own home. As result, the available time will be more
flexible for them. Then it will be very possible to seek job and get the appropriate one. This
type of studying is publicly known as distance learning.

As the alternative method of studying, besides the conventional studying which students and
the lecturer have to meet in the fixed time and place regularly, distance learning provides
possibility to grow better. Possibly working and studying surely will create high quality
graduate. Distance learning should appear as a considerable choice for them.

Discussion Text

Definition of Discussion
Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed
from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and
social text.

Generic Structure of Discussion


Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed
List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue
List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point
Recommendation; stating the writer’ recommendation of the discourse

Language Feature of Discussion


Introducing category or generic participant
Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand, however, etc
Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

Example of Discussion :

Hunting Fox

Foxhunting is a subject that provokes very strong feelings. Many people believe that it is
cruel to hunt a fox with dogs and totally agree with its ban.
Many farmer and even conservationists, however, have always argued that the fox is a pest
which attacks livestock and must be controlled.

(Taken from: www.bbc.co.uk)

Explanation Text

Definition and purposes of Explanation


Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and
cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic structure of Explanation


General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Language Feature
Featuring generic participant; sun, rain, etc
Using chronological connection; to begin with, next, etc
Using passive voice pattern
Using simple present tense

Example of Explanation :

How Day and Night Happen

The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night.
However the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth’s turning on its axis makes it
look as if the sun is moves.
The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day
and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is
called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season

Procedure Text
Definition of Procedure

Procedure is a text that show a process in order. Its social function is to describe how
something is completely done through a sequence of series

Generic Structure of Procedure

Goal: showing the purpose

Material: Telling the needed materials

Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose

Language Feature of Procedure

Using temporal conjunction

Using action verb

Using imperative sentence

Example of Procedure :

Planting Chillies

Planting is a nice activity in our spare time. The following is guided information on how to
plant a chili-plant easily. Here are the steps.
Firstly, dry a handful seeding under the sunlight
Secondly, put the seeding on the soil. It should be in open area
Next, wait it. There will come out the sprout after that let it be bigger.
Finally, put it in another big pot. It will soon grow bigger and bigger and yield us some fresh
chilies soon.

News Item Text

Definition of News Item


News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered
newsworthy or important.

Generic Structure of News Item


1. Main event
2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)
3. Resource of information

Language Feature of News Item


1. Focusing on circumstances
2. Using material process
Example of News Item :

Indonesian maid beheaded

An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing
her employer, the Saudi Interior Minister said.
The woman was beheaded in the Southern Asir province in what was the second execution in
the country.
The maid was earlier found of suffocating her female boss and stealing her jewellery. Rape,
murder and other serious crimes can carry the death penalty in the conservative desert
kingdom.
Last year, Saudi Arabia, which follow a strict intepretation of Syaria, Islamic law executed
more than 130 people.
(Taken from: www.news.bbc.co.id)

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