INDUS VALLEY Timeline

6000 B.C.E (Early Settlements develop in the Indus Valley region)

- Before the Indus valley was put together, there where tiny towns, cities and
civilization in the region. Dozens of towns and cities has started to establish.
Religious practices were also started to form. In this era, Indus Valley was formed
and the first signs of urbanization in the civilization were noticed.

5000 B.C.E (Religious practices were established in the Indus Valley region)

- The Indus valley religion is made up of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Some
Indus people worshiped a father god, while others may have worshiped a powerful
mother goddess. Schools in this civilization also contained sculptures, which shows
religion practices in schools. Another form of practice in the Indus valley was
worshiping the Shiva and Parvati gods in the form of Sivalinga. This practice shows
that the people this practice believed in “magical rituals, charms and amulets and
also demons and spirits.” The Indus people might have also believed in life after
death, for graves contained pottery and favored ornaments of the person.

4000 B.C.E (People started to farm near the Indus Valley)

- In 4000 B.C.E., the Indus valley civilization citizens started to farm. They
farmed crops such as wheat, barley, peas, lentils, linseed and mustard in the
winter and millet, sesame and cotton in the summer. The farming lead to
advancements in the city, because people could trade the things they farmed,
which helped start up the civilization, that in 3000 B.C.E, was officially
established.
3000 B.C.E (The Indus Valley civilization is established)

- The Indus Valley civilization was established in 3000 B.C.E., in what is now Northern
India and Pakistan. It started out as lot of farmers, that all were focused around a
river. Later, towns and cities were built, still running near the center point of the
river. It was located perfectly, so that the river could help the people there with
their crop growth and daily life.

About 2900 B.C.E (The Great Bath is created in about)

- The Great Bath was built in Mohenjo-daro in around 2900 B.C.E., and is called the
first large water tank in the world. It was 39 by 21 feet, with a depth of about 8 feet.
It is still in good condition, but isn't used anymore. It has stairs on both sides, and
was used for religious reasons as well as bathing.
2500 B.C.E. (The two large cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are established)

- In around 2500 B.C.E., the two main cities in the Indus Valley Civilization were
established. They were along the valley, using the river for lots of things. These two
cities raised farm animals, grew crops, and were very advanced. Most homes had a
bathroom, and were made of strong brick.

2500 B.C.E. (Earliest use of the Indus Script)

- The Indus script was the most early form of language and writing in the Indian
subcontinent. This language remains undecipherable, which means that we still do
not know what language it represents today, or what words come from the origin of
the Indus script. This is why the Indus Valley civilization is one of the least known of
the important early civilizations of antiquity. If we knew more about their writing, it
may have led us to other important things. The earliest known examples of the
Indus Script signs were found on pottery and excavated at Harappa (unknown time),
There was only one sign is shown on the pottery surface. This example is known to
show a large development in ancient Indus writing.

1700 B.C.E. (The iron age begins in India)

- Shyam Sunder Pandey suggested that “the date of the beginning of iron smelting in
India may well be placed as early as the sixteenth century BC” and “by about the
early decade of thirteenth century B.C.E. iron smelting was definitely known in India
on a bigger scale”.

1600 B.C.E. (The fall of the great Indian cities of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa)

- Mohenjo Daro and Harappa rose around 2500 B.C.E. and ended with natural
destruction in about 1600 B.C.E about a year before the whole civilization fell. It was
also a big rumor that this part of the Indus valley fell because of the “European
migrants from Iran, the Aryans.” Both of these sites were made of fire baked bricks,
a very valuable item in that time period. Over time, the need of wood for fire baked
bricks overwhelmed the cites could have contributed to their downfall. Both places
were also known to be organised, for they didn’t only have fire baked brick streets
or houses, they also had sewer systems made out of the valuable brick. And so,
without the resources they used to build this civilization, these civilizations soon fell.

1800 B.C.E. The movement of the Aryan groups into the Indus Valley civilization

- The Aryan groups migrated into the subcontinent of India, which is where the
highly developed civilization known as the Indus valley was located. Coming
from central Asia, the large group crossed the Hindu Kusch mountains and
started to pour into the civilization. When they came in contact with the
 civilization, It was a miscommunication that its was a invasion, which was the
first theory of why the Indus valley collapsed. Things were later settled to
peace and they allowed the Aryan people into the civilization. The Aryan
people were very advanced in farming, which lend to first signs of
urbanization in the Indus valley.

1800-1500 B.C.E. (Decline in Indus Valley Civilization)

- From 1800 B.C to 1500 B.C.E., the Indus valley started to go downwards.
Trade routes stopped working, the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro was built
over. and the city mounds got overcrowded. Drains blocked up and some
people even stopped repairing old homes.

1500 B.C.E. (The Indus Valley Collapses)

- The Indus Valley was very rich in supplies from 2600 and 1800 BC, but in 1500 B.C.E,
the Indus Valley finally fell. As mentioned before, the Indus Valley started to fall of
events because of multiple reasons. We first believed that northern invaders
conquered the Indus Valley and left them in ruins but then was proven wrong
because of the lack of war evidence. The present and real explanation is that the
Indus Valley collapsed because of Human-Environment Interactions and that
enemies might have moved in afterwards.

500 B.C.E. (The decimal numeral system is invented)

- Although the decimal system for whole numbers was apparently not known to the
Indian astronomer Aryabhata (born 476), it was used by his pupil Bhaskara I in 620,
and by 670 the system had reached northern Mesopotamia, where the Nestorian
bishop Severus Sebokht praised its Hindu inventors as discoverers.

1921 B.C.E. (The ruins of the Indus Valley Civilization were found)

- Sir John Hubert Marshall found the ruins of Harappa in 1921-1922.The city was just
about fully excavated in around 1931. They found things like buttons, rulers, and
pottery. These were very interesting to find, because it showed that the people from
the Indus River Valley used.

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