Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 28 views

    Image Classification: Keras

    Uploaded by

    Devyansh Gupta
    This document provides instructions for building and training a neural network model to classify images from the Fashion MNIST dataset using Keras. It describes preprocessing the dataset, building a simple multi-layer model with Flatten, Dense and Softmax layers, compiling and training the model, evaluating accuracy on the test set, making predictions on new images, and verifying those predictions. The model achieves around 87% accuracy on the test set for classifying images of 10 types of clothing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Image Classification: Keras

    Uploaded by

    Devyansh Gupta
    28 views21 pages
    This document provides instructions for building and training a neural network model to classify images from the Fashion MNIST dataset using Keras. It describes preprocessing the dataset, building a simple multi-layer model with Flatten, Dense and Softmax layers, compiling and training the model, evaluating accuracy on the test set, making predictions on new images, and verifying those predictions. The model achieves around 87% accuracy on the test set for classifying images of 10 types of clothing.

    Original Title

    Lecture 8 Image Classification

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides instructions for building and training a neural network model to classify images from the Fashion MNIST dataset using Keras. It describes preprocessing the dataset, building a simple multi-layer model with Flatten, Dense and Softmax layers, compiling and training the model, evaluating accuracy on the test set, making predictions on new images, and verifying those predictions. The model achieves around 87% accuracy on the test set for classifying images of 10 types of clothing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views21 pages

    Image Classification: Keras

    Uploaded by

    Devyansh Gupta
    This document provides instructions for building and training a neural network model to classify images from the Fashion MNIST dataset using Keras. It describes preprocessing the dataset, building a simple multi-layer model with Flatten, Dense and Softmax layers, compiling and training the model, evaluating accuracy on the test set, making predictions on new images, and verifying those predictions. The model achieves around 87% accuracy on the test set for classifying images of 10 types of clothing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    Image Classification: Keras

    Basic classification: Classify images of clothing

    • trains a neural network model to classify images of clothing, like sneakers


    and shirts.

    • Import the Fashion MNIST dataset


    • The images are 28x28 NumPy arrays, with pixel values ranging from 0 to 255. The
    labels are an array of integers, ranging from 0 to 9. These correspond to the class
    of clothing the image represents:
    Label Class
    0 T-shirt/top
    1 Trouser
    2 Pullover
    3 Dress
    4 Coat
    5 Sandal
    6 Shirt
    7 Sneaker
    8 Bag
    9 Ankle boot

    • Each image is mapped to a single label. Since the class names are not included
    with the dataset, store them here to use later when plotting the images:
    • Explore the data:
    – Let's explore the format of the dataset before training the model. The
    following shows there are 60,000 images in the training set, with each image
    represented as 28 x 28 pixels:

    – Likewise, there are 60,000 labels in the training set:

    – Each label is an integer between 0 and 9:

    – There are 10,000 images in the test set. Again, each image is represented as
    28 x 28 pixels:

    – And the test set contains 10,000 images labels:


    Preprocess the data
    • The data must be preprocessed before training the network. If you inspect
    the first image in the training set, you will see that the pixel values fall in
    the range of 0 to 255:

    • Scale these values to a range of 0 to 1 before feeding them to the neural


    network model. To do so, divide the values by 255. It's important that the
    training set and the testing set be preprocessed in the same way:
    • To verify that the data is in the correct format and that you're ready to
    build and train the network, let's display the first 25 images from the
    training set and display the class name below each image.
    Build the model
    • Building the neural network requires configuring the layers of
    the model, then compiling the model.
    • The basic building block of a neural network is the layer.
    Layers extract representations from the data fed into them.
    Hopefully, these representations are meaningful for the
    problem at hand.
    • Most of deep learning consists of chaining together simple
    layers. Most layers, such as tf.keras.layers.Dense, have
    parameters that are learned during training.
    • The first layer in this network, tf.keras.layers.Flatten, transforms the
    format of the images from a two-dimensional array (of 28 by 28 pixels) to
    a one-dimensional array (of 28 * 28 = 784 pixels).
    • Think of this layer as unstacking rows of pixels in the image and lining
    them up.
    • This layer has no parameters to learn; it only reformats the data.
    • After the pixels are flattened, the network consists of a sequence of two
    tf.keras.layers.Dense layers.
    • These are densely connected, or fully connected, neural layers.
    • The first Dense layer has 128 nodes (or neurons).
    • The second (and last) layer returns a logits array with length of 10.
    • Each node contains a score that indicates the current image belongs to
    one of the 10 classes.
    Compile the model
    • Before the model is ready for training, it needs a few more settings. These
    are added during the model's compile step:
    – Loss function —This measures how accurate the model is during training. You want to
    minimize this function to "steer" the model in the right direction.
    – Optimizer —This is how the model is updated based on the data it sees and its loss
    function.
    – Metrics —Used to monitor the training and testing steps. The following example uses
    accuracy, the fraction of the images that are correctly classified.
    Many built-in optimizers, losses, and
    metrics are available
    • In general, you won't have to create from scratch your own losses,
    metrics, or optimizers, because what you need is likely already part of the
    Keras API:
    • Optimizers:
    – SGD(), RMSprop, Adam()
    • Losses:
    – MeanSquaredError(), KLDivergence(), CosineSimilarity()
    • Metrics:
    – AUC(), Precision(), Recall()
    Train the model
    • Training the neural network model requires the following steps:
    – Feed the training data to the model. In this example, the training data is in the
    train_images and train_labels arrays.
    – The model learns to associate images and labels.
    – You ask the model to make predictions about a test set—in this example, the
    test_images array.
    – Verify that the predictions match the labels from the test_labels array.
    • Feed the model
    – To start training, call the model.fit method—so called because it "fits" the model to the
    training data:
    Evaluate accuracy
    • Next, compare how the model performs on the test dataset:

    • It turns out that the accuracy on the test dataset is a little less than the
    accuracy on the training dataset.
    • This gap between training accuracy and test accuracy represents
    overfitting.
    • Overfitting happens when a machine learning model performs worse on
    new, previously unseen inputs than it does on the training data.
    • An overfitted model "memorizes" the noise and details in the training
    dataset to a point where it negatively impacts the performance of the
    model on the new data.
    Make predictions
    • With the model trained, you can use it to make predictions about some
    images.
    • The model's linear outputs, logits. Attach a softmax layer to convert the
    logits to probabilities, which are easier to interpret.

    • Here, the model has predicted the label for each image in the testing set.
    Let's take a look at the first prediction:
    • A prediction is an array of 10 numbers. They represent the model's
    "confidence" that the image corresponds to each of the 10 different
    articles of clothing. You can see which label has the highest confidence
    value:

    • So, the model is most confident that this image is an ankle boot, or
    class_names[9]. Examining the test label shows that this classification is
    correct:
    Graph this to look at the full set of 10 class predictions.
    Verify predictions
    • With the model trained, you can use it to make predictions about some
    images.
    • Let's look at the 0th image, predictions, and prediction array. Correct
    prediction labels are blue and incorrect prediction labels are red. The
    number gives the percentage (out of 100) for the predicted label
    Use the trained model
    • Finally, use the trained model to make a prediction about a
    single image.

    • tf.keras models are optimized to make predictions on a batch,


    or collection, of examples at once. Accordingly, even though
    you're using a single image, you need to add it to a list:
    • Now predict the correct label for this image:
    • keras.Model.predict returns a list of lists—one list for each image in the
    batch of data. Grab the predictions for our (only) image in the batch:

    • And the model predicts a label as expected.


    Explore the following dataset
    "https://storage.googleapis.com/download.ten
    sorflow.org/example_images/flower_photos.t
    gz"
    Thanks
    Explore MNIST handwritten Images

    You might also like