(C) are finding the preferred cultural associations of bats

DRILL-1
(D) may locate major bat predators

Questions 12–22 are based on the following passage.

The Tyrannical and the Taciturn

The so-called “marriage group” from Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury
Tales consists of five stories, in each of which marriage is not—as
tradition would dictate, the resolution, but instead functions as a central
narrative conflict. Generally, the dysfunctional aspects of each married pair
are supported by specific textual quotations: an unbalanced distribution of
power and ineffective communication between the espoused.
Perhaps nowhere is this timeless marital troubles better illustrated than
in the second narrative of the suite, “The Clerk’s Tale.” In the story of
“The Clerk’s Tale,” we find the greatest power imbalance of any of
Chaucer’s unhappy couples. A Marquis of Lombardy, Lord Walter, fears that
marriage will mean the surrender of his personal freedom, stating “I me
rejoysed of my liberte / That seelde tyme is founde in marriage.” To ensure
that his “liberte” is uncompromised by wedlock, he does not choose for his
bride a noblewoman of equal birth but, instead, the daughter of his poorest
subject, Griselda.
The disparity of partnership in the marriage inevitably leads Walter to
abuse his power. Soon after the couple’s first child is born, Walter begins
“testing” his wife’s devotion through a series of truly mean-spirited pranks,
including a false order for the execution of their two children and a
renouncement of their marriage. Griselda consents to each demand precisely
as she promised on their wedding day, and one begins to imagine that the
Marquis is not so much testing his wife’s devotion so they are exploring
the extent to which his power reaches.
Conversely, Griselda contributes to the complications through her
unwillingness to communicate openly with Walter. In Griselda’s final test,
wherein she is cast out of the castle and replaced by a younger woman of
higher birthright, Griselda asks that Walter not send her away naked, once
again emphasizing her intent to preserve the dignity of the bodies that fall
victim to his wishes. This exchange is notable in that it is the first time
Griselda directly asserts her desires to Walter, and although she desists as

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157
soon as he raises an objection, she allows herself, finally, at what she
believes, to be the end of their marriage, to communicate to him what she
feels to be right and honorable.
In any case, Griselda’s concern for the physical body becomes
somewhat ironic given the tale’s conclusion, particularly its invocation of the
myth of Echo and Narcissus. Just as Echo could not speak of her own accord
but only reflect the words of others, Griselda’s inability to communicate with
Walter beyond reflection of his immediate will causes her, in some sense, to
lose even her physical body as a character, reduced to merely the echo of his
desires.
12. (A) NO CHANGE
(B) not—as tradition would dictate—the resolution, but
(C) not as tradition would dictate, the resolution, but
(D) not, as tradition would dictate—the resolution, but
13. Which of the following would most logically connect to what comes
next in the sentence?
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) could be said to derive from two critical failings:
(C) are ironic given the dominant themes in the work:
(D) contribute to a resolution between the protagonist and antagonist:
14. (A) NO CHANGE
(B) is these
(C) are those
(D) are them
15. (A) NO CHANGE
(B) In this medieval narrative found in The Canterbury Tales,
(C) Here
(D) Therefore
16. The author is considering removing the quotation marks in the
underlined portion. Should she do so?
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158
 (A) Yes. The underlined portion represents the internal monologue of
the narrator.
(B) Yes. The underlined portion is written in the medieval style,
which is consistent with the style of the rest of the essay.
(C) No. The quotation marks serve to demonstrate the narrator’s
possession of specific thoughts.
(D) No. The quotation marks serve to set aside a statement by a
character.
17. (A) NO CHANGE
(B) a marriage of their renouncing.
(C) of their marriage, a renouncing.
(D) with the renouncement of their marital vows.
18. (A) NO CHANGE
(B) when they were
(C) so he was
(D) as he is
19. (A) NO CHANGE
(B) as
(C) since
(D) to
20. Which choice best communicates Griselda’s limited request?
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) so that
(C) only that
(D) from that
21. (A) NO CHANGE
(B) what she believes to be the end of their marriage to communicate
to him what
(C) what she believes—to be the end of their marriage, to
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159
 communicate to him what
(D) what she believes to be the end of their marriage, to communicate
to him what
22. (A) NO CHANGE
(B) became
(C) had become
(D) have become

Questions 23–33 are based on the following passage and supplementary

material.

A, B, C—1, 2, 3
Few jobs are as important as that of teachers. A society’s quality of life
often depends on its economic growth, which is directly affected by its
workforce, which, of course, is educated by its school teachers. Take a
moment to imagine the ten most influential people in your life—chances are,
at least one of them is a teacher or an instructor you have presently or have
had in the past. From English class during first period to mathematics as
the final period, teachers are those constant guardians molding you into the
person you will become, pushing you to do your best and critiquing you
when you’re falling short of your potential. Many students realize too late
that relationships with their teachers, and later with their professors, should
be fostered into life-long connections.
However, what is it that’s so special about being a teacher? It begins
with the decision to devote your life to the education of others. Most teachers
have, at some point, entertained the idea of a career that requires less personal
investment and pays better than an average of approximately $45,000 per
year in many cities; yet, when asked, few would take back their decision. The
most probable explanation is that despite the negatives, the field of teaching
is uniquely rewarding and exceptionally worthwhile. A teachers’ workday
starts and ends with the training and shaping of the next generation; and for
many, there’s no better way to invest their own training compared in the
opening of young minds.
Nonetheless, becoming a teacher takes much more than a kind heart and a
good dose of patience. All school teachers need to have a bachelor’s degree
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 DRILL-2
Writing & Language Drill 3
For each question in this section, circle the letter of the best answer from among the choices given.
Questions 1-11. Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answers.

A Norwegian Struggle

Where is the line between fact and fiction? As an author, for example, that Proust's work seems less scandalous
if you write about your own experiences but give them to to us today because all of the people GIl on which it is
a fictional character, are the experiences truly 0 made up based are long dead? And come to think of it, nearly all
out of thin air? And what about those close to you? If the of Knausgard's readers don't know the flesh-and-blood
mother of your main character bears a resemblance to your Gunnar, or Tonje, or Karl Dve any more than they would
own mother, where does 8 ~ responsibility lie? fictional characters. Knausgard's book has raised vital
Contemporary Norwegian • writer. Karl Dve questions as a result, the most important of which may be,
Knausl,!Ard. has built a literary phenomenon out of exactly m why would he name his book after a horrible dictator's
these questions. Knausgard's mammoth autobiographical autobiography?
work, My Struggle, contains over 3000 pages of detailed
e
autobiography, with names and identities the same as
those from his OWD Ufe. His father's struggles with (and
eventual death from) alcoholism, the difficulty of his first
marriage, all of this and more feature in full, vivid detail
in the pages of Knausgard's work. If Knausgard's books
cannot be referred to as actual libel, they are nonetheless
more revealing than many of the book's subjects, espe-
cially Knausgard's uncle Gunnar and ex-wife Tonje, deem
" appropriate.
My Struggle has a clear precedent in the early twentieth-
century masterpiece In Search of Lost TIme, the multi-vol-
ume novel by French author Marcel Proust. The difference
there, however, was that while Proust's main character and
narrator was named "Marcel," everyone else in the book
had been given fictionalized names. Proust's great novel
is considered one of the masterpieces of twentieth-century
literature and the CD definition statement on how memory
conditions human experience.
f) The similarities are many between Knausgaro's and
Proust's work. In contrast to the simjlarjties. however. the
differences are telling as well. Knausgard's title comes
from, of all places, Adoif Hitler, whose famous and trou-
bling work Mein Kampfis quoted in the Norwegian Min
Kamp, or My Struggle. KnausgArd's critics wonder f3 IDth..
itsJi.tk why a book that already has the potential to anger
and offend many people with its contents should also do so.
But Knausgard's success seems to be built on exactly
these objections. The fact that he is known as the
"Norwegian Proust" and not the "Norwegian Hitler"-shows
that his borrowing of Hitler's title has already done a good
deal to take away the power of Mein Kampf. Q) Moreover,
literature has always been rooted in reality, and readers
are free to interpret things as the wish. Isn't it possible,

40 I 500+ Practice Questions for the New SAT

161
1. Which of the following choices fits most effectively 8. The best placement for the underlined portion
with the style and tone of the first paragraph? would be:
A) NOCHANGE A) where it is now.
B) straight off the dome? B) after the word book.
C) fiction? C) after the word offend.
D) coming from out of nowhere? D) after the word so (and before the period).

2. A) NO CHANGE 9. The author is considering deleting the phrase "and

B) your not the 'Norwegian Hitler'" from the preceding
C) you're sentence. Should the phrase be kept or deleted?
D) an author's
A) Kept, because it clarifies information presented
in the latter part of the sentence.
3. A) NO CHANGE B) Kept, because the sentence is not grammatically
B) writer Karl Ove Knausgard, has built complete otherwise.
C) writer, Karl Ove Knausgard has built C) Deleted, because it repeats information stated
D) writer Karl Ove Knausgard has built explicitly elsewhere in the sentence.
D) Deleted, because the mention of Adolf Hitler
could be offensive to some readers.
4. Which of the choices is best aligned with the ideas
presented in the first paragraph?
10. A) NO CHANGE
A) NOCHANGE B) on whom
B) the six volumes of which are being released in C) on who
the United States in 2015 and 2016. D) whom
C) which has been translated into many languages
beyond the original Norwegian.
D) which is a special and remarkable work by a 11. Which of the following choices provides the best
great writer. conclusion to the essay by echoing themes presented
in the first paragraph?

5. A) NO CHANGE A) NOCHANGE
B) appropriated. B) where does life end and fiction begin?
C) appropriately. C) how a man in his 40s write such a long book?
D) appropriations. D) can his family and friends ever forgive him?

6. A) NO CHANGE
B) definitional
C) definitive
D) definingly

7. How would these two sentences best be combined?

A) NOCHANGE
B) Both the similarities and differences between
Knausgard's and Proust's work are telling;
however, the differences are that much m9re so.
C) The similarities are many between Knausgard's
and Proust's work; nevertheless, the similarities
and differences are equally many and just as
telling.
D) The similarities are many between Knausgard's
and Proust's work, but the differences are telling
as well.

Writing and Language Drills I 41

162
 DRILL-3
Questions 12-22. Read the following passage carefully
before you choose your answers.

Whose Look Is It Anyway?

Most moviegoers love the actors. Film buffs love the Best Pro-
directors. So who is left to love the production designers? Best Best Best Best
Year/Film duction
Production design (PD) has been an essential component Picture Director Actor Actress
Design
of film ever since Hollywood came into 411 exjstence but
~ the names of most PDs or Art Directors, and you'il 1960
get a blank stare . • S1ill. film is a visual medium, and The
it's impossible to maximize that visual aspect without the
work of an accomplished Production Designer. 1961
When we praise the "look" of a film, we usually think West Side
that we're tipping our hats to the director. In fact, (D ~
admire equally the work of the PD, who guides the work 1962
of the costume designer, make-up stylists, special-effects Lawrence of
CI director. locations manager. The colorful pallet of a Arabia
movie like Finding Nemo (2003) would've been impos-
1963
sible without the art direction of Ralph Eggleston, aD lYlm.. Tom Jones
made it hagpen. and the rich period authenticity of a movie
like 12 Years a Slave (2013) is the great achievement of 1964
both Adam Stockhausen and jj dircktW: Steve McQueen.
In fact, from that crucial period from 1960-1975, (Gl tb'-.
Oscar for Best Actress Was awarded to remarkably few The Sound of
Best Picture actresses. This makes sense, if a film doesn't Music
have a distinctive "look," what does it actually have? 1966
A production designer essentially "directs" all of those A Man For
working on ~ the aspects of the film. @Il ~ account- All Seasons
able for the work of set designers, make-up artists, com- 1967
puter designers, storyboard illustrators, and numerous oth- In the Heat
ers. He or she is involved in the set construction, in finding of the
or constructing the furniture, structures, or buildings 1968
necessary for the look of a film. In the many period dramas Oliver!
that have become popular in recent years, from Downton
Abbey on TV to American Hustle in film, the production 1969
Midnight
designer consults with historians to ensure accuracy and
authenticity so that viewers can have a more powerful
visual experience. Producing that vision is impossible 1970
without the work of a good Production Designer. Q) Patton
As with many other aspects of film, Production Design 1971
can be a fine-art major, and for those who go into the pro- The French
fession, there is the Art Directors Guild of the International Connection
Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees. Although produc- 1972
tion designers may not get all the accolades they deserve, The Godfather
there is no question that the look of what's in front of the
1973
camera would be impossible without those working so The
meticulously behind it. 4!
1974
The Godfather
Part II
.,.·-ro' -
1975 • ,...s,I.
One Flew
Over the
~". ,.
Cuckoo's Nest h,;..::
42 I 500+ Practice Questions for the New SAT
163
12. A) NO CHANGE 20. A) NO CHANGE
B) existence, but, cite B) He or she is
C) existence, cite C) Their
D) existence, but cite D) One's

13. All of the following alternatives to the underlined 21. The writers wants to add an introductory clause
portion would be acceptable EXCEPT: to this sentence that shows that the Production
Designer's job is often underappreciated. Assuming
A) Nevertheless,
that capitalization and punctuation are adjusted
B) However,
accordingly, which of the following would fit most
C) Moreover.
appropriately here?
D) Even so,
A) Although many consider a film to be the result
of a director's "vision,"
14. A) NO CHANGE B) While actors and actresses typically make all the
B) equally we admire money from a film,
C) we're equally admiring C) Like the producer bim- or herself, who typically
D) we have also admired finances the film,
D) While the counterpart in the theater is the art
director and set designer,
15. A) NO CHANGE
B) director and, the
C) director and the 22. The writer is considering ending the sentence at the
D) director, and the word impossible and ending the sentence with a
period. Should the writer keep the sentence as it is or
make the change?
16. A) NO CHANGE
B) who made the impossible into the possible, A) Keep the sentence as is, because the production
C) an accomplished production designer, designer receives no credit without the phrase.
D) DELETE the underlined portion. B) Keep the sentence as is, because the sentence
changes meaning without this phrase.
C) Make the change, because the information
17. A) NO CHANGE presented is presented earlier in the paragraph.
B) those of director D) Make the change, because a sentence
C) that of director should always be made more concise if it is
D) the director's grammatically correct.

18. Which of the following pieces of information from

the graph best supports the ideas presented in this
passage?
A) NOCHANGE
B) nearly half of all Best Picture winners have also
been Best Production Design winners .
C) the award for Best Director exists in almost a 1: 1
ratio with the award for Best Picture.
D) there is an obvious disparity between the number
of Best Actor winners in Best Picture films and
Best Actress winners in Best Picture films.

19. A) NO CHANGE
B) those in
C) the visual aspects of
D) DELETE the underlined portion.

Writing and Language Drills I 43

164
 DRILL-4
Questions 23-33. Read the following passage carefully
before you choose your answers.

British Columbia's Pre- and Future History

Vancouver, British Columbia, is Canada's eighth most attention to. a gift-giving ceremony in which the wealthy
populous city, and it is known as one of the hotbeds of demonstrate their extreme affluence by the vast quantities
contemporary Canadian culture, alongside eastern cit- they are able to give away.
ies Toronto and Montreal. Still, while nearly everyone The survival of the potlatch and ~ the more general
knows about ~ .trumL few know about the importance KWakWaka'wakw is a minor miracle. Between 1830 and
of Native American culture within the coastal region 1880,75% of the tribe's population was killed by violence
of British Columbia. A g) small community. of the and disease. Canada outlawed the practice of potlatch
KWakwaka'wakw people. in the Pacific Northwest. links in 1884, citing its wastefulness and expenditure as run-
the area to its pre-European roots. Although the language, ning contrary to the "civilized" values of white Canada.
a collection of dialects known as Kwak'wala, is spoken by Policies like the potlatch ban e were instituted as part of
only about 250 people, the Kwakwaka'wakw continue to a broader project of assimilation, designed to turn native
be a relevant force in the region and an inspiring reminder populations into Canadians, not only by banning native
of an era that was cruelly uprooted in the early nineteenth practices but also by sending native children to harsh
century. • assimilationist schools.
@b According to this mythological narrative, the The population of Kwakwawa'wakw today is just
original settlers came to the area in animal form and over 5,000. G However. the small community of
became human when they arrived at the places they would Kwakwaka'wakw peoples remains committed to its tradi-
settle. One of the major figures in this origin story, the tions, and in the late twentieth century, a move away from
Thunderbird, can still be seen in the many totems and assimilationist policies meant that the Canadian govern-
carvings that remain, particularly from the late nineteenth ment was more willing to recognize and encourage cultiva-
century. tion of its native heritage. Things today may be as good
Much of what we know about the nineteenth-century as they've been at any time in history: the population
Kwakwaka'wakw tribes 4i ~ from German-American of Aboriginal peoples in Canada from 2001-2006 Ql ~
anthropologist Franz Boas. In Boas's analysis, we can see decUned 20 1%. with growth in British Columbia peak-
the importance of weaving and woodwork, particularly as ing at 42%. The Winter Olympics in Vancouver in 2010
displays of wealth and power within the community. In showed that Canada has finally begun to see the influence
fact, most-heavily studied aspect of Kwakwaka'wakw cul- of the K wakwaka 'wakw and others as integral to Ql it:s
ture remains the potlatch, @Ij which scholars devote much national character.

Percent 2001-2006 Aboriginal Population Growth,

50 by Province
42.1
40 39.4

30 28.6 28.3

Canada = 20.1
20 ..J+--H---i+--+
15.8 15.3

10.2 9.7
10 9.0
3.9

NS Que PEl Ont Nfld Alta Man Yukon Be NWT Nvt Saak NB
Source: 2001 & 2006 Census of Canada

44 I 500+ Practice Questions for the New SAT

165
23. A) NO CHANGE 28. A) NO CHANGE
B) it B) that scholars devote much attention to,
C) one C) much scholarly attention being devoted to it,
D) Vancouver D) DELETE the underlined portion.

24. A) NO CHANGE 29. A) NO CHANGE

B) small community, of the Kwakwaka'wakw B) the, more generally, Kwakwaka'wakw
people, in the Pacific Northwest C) the Kwakwaka'wakw, more generally
C) small community of the Kwakwaka'wakw D) the Kwakwaka'wakw in general
people in the Pacific Northwest
D) small community of the Kwakwaka'wakw
people, in the Pacific Northwest, 30. A) NO CHANGE
B) have been instituted
C) are instituted
25. At this point, the writer is considering adding the D) had been instituted
following true statement:
The Cree, who live further to the east, have fared 31. A) NO CHANGE
much better, with a contemporary population of B) Therefore,
over 200,000. C) On the other hand,
D) Next,
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it shows that the Kwakwaka'wakw
should have moved further east. 32. Which of the following gives accurate information
B) Yes, because it suggests that Canada's history is based on the graph?
not as checkered as the rest of the passage states.
A) NOCHANGE
C) No, because it adds an unnecessary detail to the
B) was just over 20%, with growth in some
passage's discussion of the Kwakwaka'wakw.
provinces reaching as much as 42%.
D) No, because it minimizes the difficulties that
C) has declined 20.1 %, with growth in Alberta
the Kwakwakwa'wakw have faced throughout
keeping pace with the national average.
history.
D) was just over 20%, with growth in Ontario
seeing the most significant increase.
26. Which of the following would best introduce the
subject matter of this paragraph?
33. A) NO CHANGE
A) There is little documented history of the B) its
Kwakwaka'wakw before the eighteenth century, C) their
but a rich oral history exists. D) they're
B) Most Native American documented history
comes from archaeologists and living ordl
historians.
C) Like English settlers in the United States,
English settlers in Canada killed off Native
Americans in tragically high numbers.
D) Using animals to explain prehistoric human
behaviors has been a common practice
throughout history.

27. A) NO CHANGE
B) comes
C) are coming
D) came

Writing and Language Drills I 45

166
 DRILL-5
Questions 34-44. Read the following passage carefully
before you choose your answers.

A Sweet Invention in the Big Easy

411 Born in New Orleans. LA. on March 17.1806. Was As historians of science learn more about the eigh-
a man named Norbert RiJlieux. Rillieux was the son of teenth and nineteenth centuries, they uncover more and
Vmcent Rillieux and Constance Vivant. Because Vivant more odds-defying work from men and women who
was a free woman of color and marriages between the were not given proper rights and recognitions in that era.
races were outlawed at the time, Vivant became Rillieux's There's much more to this period, it seems, than George
placee, or common-law wife. Race relations were slightly Washington Carver.
less restrictive in Creole Louisiana 4i than...in other parts
of the American South. e Nw:bm might have been born
into constricting circumstances elsewhere in the South;
Creole Louisiana afforded him recognition as his father's
son and access to education not available to other free
blacks or slaves.
The young Norbert attended Catholic schools in
Louisiana, and in the early 1820s, he went to Paris to study
at the Ecole ., Centrale. there he learned physics, mechan-
ics, and engineering, and Q became a noted expert in
steam engines. This remarkable education led to Rillieux's
eventual achievements in sugar refining and cemented his
place as one of the first African-American inventors in the
United States.
While studying at the Ecole Centrale, G> sugar refining
emerged as an urgent concern for Rj1ljeux. At that time,
Louisiana was a central hub in the sugar trade, but the pro-
cess of refining that sugar was ClD little understood. Until
then, sugarcane juice would be pressed from the cane, and
the juice would be heated until the water boiled, leaving
a CD ~ residue. This residue was then poured into
smaller and smaller pots until it achieved its maximum
thickness. The problem with such a method was that sugar
was lost at every step, and much of the sugar would burn
away because the heat was difficult to monitor.
After a failed attempt to start a sugar refinery with his
brother Edmond, Norbert patented his new sugar-refining
machine in 1843. The new machine addressed both major
issues with the old method of sugar G refining. All the
while making the process significantly safer for those men,
mainly slaves, who worked the machines. The machine
used vacuum pressure to lower the boiling point of the
relevant liquids. Heat can be easily controlled because it
comes from only one source-most of the 8} systemic
heat is recycled steam. That steam cycles through stacked
pans, where the sugarcane could essentially refine itself,
rather than require the workers to transfer the scalding
hot liquids by hand. By 1849, Merrick and Towne, the
Philadelphia manufacturers who sold Rillieux's new inven-
tion, could guarantee purchasers previously unheard-of
yields: C!) up to 18.000 pounds of sugar a day.

46 I 500+ Practice Questions for the New SAT

167
34. A) NO CHANGE 4l. A) NO CHANGE
B) Norbert Rillieux was born March 17, 1806, in B) gross
New Orleans, LA. C) syrupy
C) On March 17th in 1806, Norbert Rillieux was D) bituminous
born in Louisiana in New Orleans.
D) Born in New Orleans, March 17th was the
birthday of Norbert Rillieux in 1806. 42. A) NO CHANGE
B) refining; all
C) refining all
35. A) NO CHANGE D) refining, all
B) then were relations in
C) than the race relations were in
D) than those of blacks and whites in 43. A) NO CHANGE
B) system's
C) systems'
36. A) NO CHANGE D) systems
B) However, Norbert
C) Because Norbert
D) While Norbert 44. Which of the following would be support the state-
ment made in the first part of this sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
37. A) NO CHANGE B) and they could be on the cutting edge of
B) Centrale there technology, too.
C) Centrale. There C) hiding the identity of the inventor all the while.
D) Centrale, there, D) how could anyone afford not to buy this
machine?
38. Which of the following best maintains the focus
established in this sentence and paragraph?
A) NOCHANGE
B) lived a traditionally French lifestyle.
C) did not have to contest with racial prejudice.
D) became a teacher at the young age of 24.

39. A) NOCHANGE
B) Rillieux's concentration led him to the process
of refining sugar.
C) his background in chemistry led him to a new
way of refining sugar.
D) Rillieux began to work on the chemical process
of refining sugar.

40. Which of the following would best maintain the

focus on the problems with refining sugar in the early
eighteenth century?
A) NOCHANGE
B) a popular process.
C) costly and inefficient.
D) the "sweetest" job in town.

Writing and Language Drills I 47

168