CSS COURSE: EXPLORATORY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 7

A BINARY COMPUTER

Background Information for Learners:

The Binary  A computer uses bits to represent information. A bit is the most basic unit of
Number storage in a computer. An essential component of computers is called the
System transistor. Transistor has only two states: ON and OFF.
 These two states can be represented using one of two symbols: 1 and 0. This
means that the binary number system has a base of 2. Only symbols are
needed to represent every number.
 Instead of representing numbers as individual units (like the number 10 or
400), we use groups of 1s and 0s. For example, here is what it looks like
when a computer counts:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1001 1010

 This is called the binary number system. Each binary digit is referred to as a
bit. When it comes to placing values and digits in this system, we place
values corresponding to ascending powers of 2 from left to right.
The rightmost digit is called the LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT (LSB), and the
leftmost digit is the MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT (MSB).
Binary to  Now that we know the basics of the binary system, let us learn HOW WE
Decimal WOULD CONVERT BETWEEN DECIMAL AND BINARY. We begin with binary to
Number decimal conversion.
 We know that the binary system has place values of powers of 2. These
values are weights for the digits (0 or 1) in those positions.
 HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:
1. We multiply each digit by its weight (its position multiplied by 2)
2. We sum them all up to get the decimal number

11111010 = 11111010

= 1x27+1x26+1x25+1x24+1x23+0x22+1x21+0x20

= 1x128+1x64+1x32+1x16+1X8+0x4+1x2+0x1

= 128+64+32+16+8+2

11111010 = 250

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 CSS COURSE: EXPLORATORY
 HOW DO WE CONVERT FROM A DECIMAL TO A BINARY NUMBER?

 HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:

1. We DIVIDE decimal number by 2.

2. If there is a remainder 1, write one (1); if there is NO remainder write zero
(0).
3. Divide each Quotients by 2 after removing each remainder.
4. Continue the division up to the quotient is one (1).

250 = 250/2 = 125 Remainder 0 0

= 125/2 = 62.5 Remainder 1 1

= 62/2= 31 Remainder 0 0

= 31/2= 15.5 Remainder 1 1

= 15/2= 7.5 Remainder 1 1

= 7/2= 3.5 Remainder 1 1

= 3/2= 1.5 Remainder 1 1

= 1/2= 0.5 Remainder 1 1

250 = 1111 1010

Binary to  The Hexadecimal System (often called “HEX”) made up of 16 symbols, so it

Hexadecimal has a base of 16. Hexadecimal uses the 10 numbers of the decimal system
Number and six extra symbols, A, B, C, D, E and F.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

 HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:

1. Mark off groups of four digits starting from the

right
2. If needed add extra ‘0s’ on the left
3. For each group of 4 binary digits, use the table to
look up the corresponding hexadecimal digit.

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 CSS COURSE: EXPLORATORY
11111010 = 1111 1010

= 1111 1010

= F A

11111010 = FA

 HOW DO WE CONVERT FROM A HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY NUMBER?

 HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:

1. For each group of hexadecimal digit, use the

table to look up the corresponding binary digit.
2. If needed add extra ‘0s’ on the left
3. Combine the resultant binary digit into one set.

FA = F A

= 1111 1010

FA = 1111 1010

 HOW DO WE CONVERT FROM A HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL NUMBER?

 HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:

1. Follow this step, How do we convert from a hexadecimal to binary number?

2. Then, proceed to how we would convert between decimal and binary?

Binary to  The octal number system is not as widely used as hex of

Octal binary. It was developed under the same idea as the
Number hexadecimal system: to make binary more compact.
 The octal system groups binary numbers into triplets instead of
quartets. Therefore, the octal system is base-8, as 23 = 8.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

 HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:

1. Mark off groups of three digits starting from the right

2. If needed add extra ‘0s’ on the left
3. For each group of three binary digits, use the table to look up the
corresponding hexadecimal digit.

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 CSS COURSE: EXPLORATORY
11111010 = 11111010

= 011 111 010

= 3 7 2

11111010 = 372

 HOW DO WE CONVERT FROM AN OCTAL TO BINARY

NUMBER?

 HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:

1. For each group of octal digit, use the table to look up the corresponding
binary digit.
2. Combine the resultant binary digit into one set.

372 = 3 7 2

= 011 111 010

= 011111010

372 = 11111010

 HOW DO WE CONVERT FROM AN OCTAL TO DECIMAL NUMBER?

 HERE’S HOW IT WORKS:

1. Follow this step, How do we convert from an octal to binary number?

2. Then, proceed to how we would convert between decimal and binary?

FOR GUARDIANS/PARENTS

Please allow your students to answer testing and

documentation religiously. Thank you.

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 CSS COURSE: EXPLORATORY

Conduct Testing and Documentation No. 7

A BINARY COMPUTER

Activity 7.1 HEXADECIMAL/BINARY CONVERSION

DIRECTION: Fill the following binary and hexadecimal values.

A. A

B.

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 CSS COURSE: EXPLORATORY
Activity 7.2 CRACK THE BINARY CODE
BINARY CODE OF ALPHABET
LETTER BINARY CODE LETTER BINARY CODE
a 01100001 n 01101110
b 01100010 o 01101111
c 01100011 p 01110000
d 01100100 q 01110001
e 01100101 r 01110010
f 01100110 s 01110011
g 01100111 t 01110100
h 01101000 u 01110101
i 01101001 v 01110110
j 01101010 w 01110111
k 01101011 x 01111000
l 01101100 y 01111001
m 01101101 z 01111010

DIRECTION: Match the items in column A; with the items in Column B, write the letter of your
choice on the space provided.
WHAT KIND OF SCHOOL DO YOU GO TO IF YOU ARE A GIANT?

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

01100011 01101111 01101100 01101100 01100101 01100111 01100101

WHO AM I, YOUR TLE TEACHER?

________ ________ ________ ________ ________

01100001 01100010 01110011 01101010 01110010

________ ________ ________ ________ ________

01110110 01100101 01101110 01110101 01110011

Reflection 7.3
Complete the statement:

What I learned in this activity.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

______________________
Signature of Parent
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