EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF STEM

STUDENTS IN ATENEO DE NAGA UNIVERSITY

A Research

Presented to

The Faculty of Senior High School of

Ateneo de Naga University

In Partial Fulfillment

of the requirements for the course

Practical Research 2

Group 7

Dy-Cok, Marc Gojji

Esturas, Astrid Jenine

Pagar, Angelo Miguel

Panuelos, Patrick

Parpan, Trisha Marie Elaine

Agnes B. Salvadora

Subject Teacher

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 The researchers hope to extend our profound gratitude for their contribution in making

our research successful.

To our parents for supporting us morally and financially. They have been there for us

since the very beginning and still up to this very day. This work would not have been possible

without their financial support.

To Ateneo for providing us the venue and space to work with our research. To all the

teachers and staff for making the university a healthy institute.

To our research teacher Mrs. Agnes Salvadora for guiding us to accomplish an efficient

and reliable research paper.

To all our fellow classmates for helping us when we need help in some of our tasks.

And most especially to God for guiding us and giving us knowledge in performing and

constructing this research.

ABSTRACT

ii
 Students’ academic performance in school is a vital concern not only to assess the

progress of the students but also to help them improve on areas that they need to work on.

Awareness of these areas of improvement brings together the students, their parents, teachers,

and the school to devise measures on how interventions can be done.

One of the many reasons why academic performance of students tends to be low is

because of their sleep pattern. It is always said that students, especially in the Ateneo de Naga

University Senior High School, get to fail because of the effects that they experience whenever

they are sleep deprived. With this, this research was conducted to determine if there is indeed a

significant relationship between sleep deprivation and academic performance.

In order to achieve this objective, the researchers made use of survey questionnaires and

documents of students’ GPA. The survey questionnaires were used to gather the extent of sleep

pattern among the Grade 12 senior high school students. Also through this, the grades of the

students last school year were determined. After these data were gathered with a high sense of

confidentiality, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the relationship of

students’ sleep patterns and academic performance. Then, the significance of this relationship

was determined.

This study revealed that the students' sleep patterns and academic performance have a

moderate relationship. Moreover, this relationship is inverse. This showed that an increase in the

rate of sleep patterns of the students has an association in the decrease in their academic

performance. These findings made the researchers conclude that having enough sleep increase

significantly academic performance.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………………....

ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………………………………………. ii

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………....

iv

LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………. vi

LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………... vii

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………….1

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………….2

Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………....2

Significance of the Study……………….………………………………...3

Definition of Terms…………….…………………………………………3

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………………………….4

Sleep Deprivation………………………………………………………...4

History of Sleep Deprivation………………………………………….….6

Experiencing Sleep Deprivation……………….……………………..…...7

Sleep pattern……………………………...………………………….........7

Sleep Deprivation and Academic Performance…………………………....8

Synthesis…………………………………………………………………10

iv
 Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………..11

Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………..12

III. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………..13

Research Design………………………………………………………….13

Research Setting………………………………………………………….13

Sample of the Study……………………………………………………...13

Research Instrument……………………………………………………...14

Data Gathering Procedures……………………..…………...……………14

Data Analysis…………………………………………………………….15

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………...16

Sleep Patterns of Grade 12 SHS- STEM students…….………...……..16

Effects of Sleep Deprivation…………………………...….....…..…....18

Correlation between GPA and Sleep Deprivation……….....……....…20

Grade Profile of Grade 12 students……….……………..…………....22

V. SUMMARY,CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………….23

Summary……………………………….…..……………………………23

Conclusion……………………..………………………………………..24

Recommendation……………….….…………………………………….25

BIBLIOGRAPHY….....….……………….……………….………………...26

APPENDICES ……………….……………….……………….…………….27

v
 LIST OF TABLES

Tables Description Page

1 Sleep patterns of Grade 12 Senior High School students…………..……...…..………16

2 Effects of Speed Deprivation among Grade 12 SHS student…………….….………....18

3 Correlation of GPA vs. Sleep Deprivation of ADNU STEM SHS………..…….……...20

4 Grade profile of Grade 12 SHS students……………....………………..……………..22

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Number Figure Title Page Number

1 Conceptual Framework…………………………………………….12

vii
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Sleep deprivation happens when a person has less sleep than is optimal, and is followed

by a 'rebound' in slow-wave sleep when the opportunity arises. There are health- related and

psychological effects that sleep deprivation causes like obesity, forgetfulness, clumsiness and

depression. It is common among university students, and has been associated with poor academic

performance and physical dysfunction. Also, to those students whom live in a culture that

promotes reduced sleep, due to the burden of academic work and social pursuits.

Getting the right amount of sleep a person needs is absolutely necessary for a person to

maintain a healthy and well rested body. Sleep is as important as getting regular exercise and

eating healthy and well balanced meals. It also develops great athletic performance. According to

the National Sleep Foundation, an average adult requires 7-9 hours sleep at night. Sleeping also

prevents depression which is common among some teenagers nowadays. Teens are at a stage of

exploring life, they can minimize the stress they experience everyday by having the right amount

of sleep.

Sleep is an important part of our lives. Getting the best sleep is an important goal to

achieve. Measuring sleep quality however may not have singular formula because the needs of

each individual lead to different bodily definitions of a good quality of sleep. There are various

aspects that may lead to the effects of not having a good quality of sleep depending on the

individual. Several factors that are being affected with sleep deprivation include the effects of

sleep deprivation in the GPA of the students, effects of sleep deprivation on the punctuality of

the students, and reason for sleep deprivation.

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 The aim of this study is to identify the effects of sleep deprivation on the overall

performance of Grade 12 Stem students of Ateneo de Naga University. By identifying their

effects on senior high school STEM students and could come up with measures to lessen sleep

deprivation and avoid stress.

Statement of the Problem

This research investigated the effect of sleep deprivation on school performance

of STEM students of Ateneo de Naga University Senior High School.

Specifically, it aims to:

1. Identify sleep patterns among Grade 12 STEM students of Ateneo de Naga University

Senior High School.

2. Describe the effects of sleep deprivation among Grade 12 students of Ateneo de Naga

University Senior High School.

3. Correlate GPA and sleep deprivation among Grade 12 students of Ateneo de Naga

University Senior High School.

Scope and Delimitation

The general intent of this study is to determine the effects of sleep deprivation in the

school performance of STEM students in Ateneo de Naga University. This study is limited to the

Grade 11 s/y 2018-19 STEM students only. Its main purpose is to correlate sleep deprivation

between their school performances. Also, to identify different perspectives and reasons on how

sleep deprivation affects their school performance.

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Significance of the Study

The results and findings of this study may benefit the following:

Students. Students can benefit in this research in a way that they can gain insights about sleep

deprivation, which can help them deal with problems in sleep.

Teachers. Understanding sleep patterns as well as sleep deprivation of students, teachers will be

able to deal with their students appropriately. Therefore, they can give proper advice to them to

help students cope up with their problems.

Parents. Parents should be the first one to know what their children are going through.

Researcher of this study is very insightful to them. This, effectively handle similar problems with

their children.

Guidance Counselors. For the Guidance Counselors, knowing the results could aid them of

giving activities to provide students who came to them for help.

Definition of Terms

This section deals with the conceptual and operational definitions of relevant terms used

in the study.

Sleep deprivation. Insufficient sleep or sleeplessness. It occurs when an individual gets less sleep

than they need to feel awake and alert (Mansukhani, 2015). According to Monroe (2010) The

most ideal amount of sleep for most adolescents is nine hours.

Sleep patterns. A normal sleep pattern has four stages, Stage 1,2,3 and REM (Rapid Eye

Movement). Sleep time for adolescents is approximately 9-9.5 hours per 24 hour period

GPA. Grade Point Average, The average grade of the semester of Grade 12 Students of Ateneo

de Naga SHS that was identified during the survey.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents literature and studies related to present study. It will provide a

background for the discussion of problems earlier cited.

Sleep Deprivation

An article from Medical News Today (2018) mentioned that Sleep deprivation occurs

when an individual gets less sleep than they need to feel awake and alert. People vary in how

little sleep is needed to be considered sleep-deprived. Some people, such as older adults seem to

be more resistant to the effects of sleep deprivation, while others, especially children and young

adults, are more vulnerable. Although occasional sleep interruptions are generally no more than a

nuisance, ongoing lack of sleep can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, emotional difficulties,

poor job performance, obesity and a lowered perception of quality of life. There is no

questioning the importance of restorative sleep, and a certain amount of attention is necessary to

both manage and prevent sleep deprivation (“Medical News Today”, 2018).

Sleep deprivation occurs when an individual fails to get enough sleep. The amount of

sleep that a person needs varies from one person to another, but on average most adults need

about seven to eight hours of sleep each night to feel alert and well rested. Teens need an average

of about nine hours of sleep per night, and children need nine hours of nightly sleep or more,

depending on their age (“American Academy of Sleep Medicine”, 2008).

Just like other problems that humanity faces, there is not a single cause for sleep

deprivation. If a person suffers from a sleep disorder, it is very likely that the individual will

become sleep deprived, the issue is determining which disorder the person suffers from so that

help can be sought after to assist in receiving enough sleep. People have been known to suffer

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from insomnia, sleep terror disorder, narcolepsy, sleep walking, and sleep apnea; these are just a

few of the many disorders that individuals can suffer from, which can prevent them from

achieving an optimum sleep regimen each night as witnessed by researchers Murphy and

Delanty (Murphy & Delanty, 2007).

Along with officially diagnosable sleep disorders, it has been observed through empirical

studies such as Hershner and Chervin’s Causes and Consequences of Sleepiness Among College

Students that schedules set by colleges and public schools are partially responsible for students

being afflicted with sleep deprivation. With class times being set early in the morning and late in

the evening as well as work-loads being increased outside of the classroom, individuals’

circadian rhythms can become discombobulated, causing them to have an inadequate sleep cycle

(Hershner, & Chervin, 2014).

The third major factor that can lead to an insufficient amount of sleep is when an

individual makes personal and professional commitments beyond that of what is reasonably

accomplished. Different careers can lead individuals to go extended periods of time without

adequate amounts of sleep each night, for example; medical professionals and shift workers.

When said individuals do finally have the opportunity to go home and rest, they still have to deal

with the demands of their socioeconomic factors such as raising a family and environmental

noise pollution (Murphy, & Delanty, 2007).

By failing to obtain an efficient amount of sleep each night, there is an increased

possibility of there being one or more adverse effects on the individual’s cognitive capabilities.

The actual ability to store information is not completely hindered when a person is suffering

from total sleep deprivation; however, when a person is suffering from a lack of sleep, they may

tend to lose the ability to filter information; therefore, storing more irrelevant information into

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their working memory, leaving less room for that which is relevant, making it appear that the

memory itself is being hindered. This was clearly observed through the empirical research study

titled: The Effects of Two Types of Sleep Deprivation on Visual Working Memory Capacity and

Filtering Efficiency, which was conducted by researchers Drummond, Anderson, Straus, Vogel,

& Perez (Drummond, Anderson, Straus, Vogel, & Perez, 2012).

Many people tend to allow themselves to be sleep deprived throughout the week because

they generally believe they can make up for the sleep on the weekend when they get a break

from work or school week; however, during the period of sleep deprivation, their ability to

complete tasks will be hindered, causing a decrease in the quality of work primarily due to a

reduction in attention, memory, and problem solving tasks (Chiang et.al, 2014).

History of Sleep Deprivation

The need for sleep has been continuous throughout human history, how individuals feel

about it has gone through dramatic changes over a year, in the last two decades it has been

validated of the ancient wisdom of the importance of sleep (Huffington, 2014). According to

Mann (2012) Sleep deprivation was used as a form of torture in nearly three centuries of modern

history, tens of thousands of innocent women were tortured and executed over this period for

allged sorcery. Those women accused of witchcraft were enforced to stay awake for days at a

time.

According to “Better Health” (2018) nowadays, students tend to sleep deprived because

of their hectic schedule. Homework, sport, part-time work and social commitments can cut into a

teenager’s sleeping time.

6
Experiencing Sleep Deprivation

Research has shown that individuals who are experiencing sleep deprivation also have

difficulty retrieving the right words to say and delivering them which affects their

communication skills (Tam, 2004).

According to “Brain Basic” (2003) that getting little amount of sleep, impairs our

judgement, reaction time and other daily routines.

According to Vallido et al. (2009), results of sleep disturbances often include

irritability,aggressive, and lack of energy. Anxiety and depression are also commonly linked

with sleep deprivation, which can lead to feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness that last for

long periods of time.

The studies conducted by Vail-Smith et.al (2009) individuals experiencing less than six

hours of sleep per day are more likely to experience how to smoke and drink alcohol more than

five times a day.

Sleep pattern

An article from Medical News Today (2017) a person's internal circadian rhythm is

responsible for their sleep-wake cycle. A monophasic sleep pattern is when an individual sleeps

once per day, typically for 8 or so hours a night. A biphasic sleep pattern is when someone sleeps

twice per day, sometimes referred to as a siesta sleeping pattern (“Medical News Today”, 2017).

A good night’s sleep is when you fall asleep quite easily, do not fully wake up during the

night, do not wake up too early, and feel refreshed in the morning. Regularly having difficulty

falling asleep or sleeping through the night is not normal for healthy people of any age. But not

7
everyone needs the same amount of sleep, and quality of sleep is different in different phases of

life (“Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care”, 2016).

People claim to understand that sleep is an important aspect of their lives, yet they prove

their ignorance by refusing to get sleep, even when they are tired, because they want to get one

more level in a game, read one more chapter, watch one more episode, or have “just a little more

work to accomplish.” Studies have determined that total sleep deprivation negatively affects an

individual’s filtering capabilities. Though their visual working memory capacity is left

unhindered, if one cannot filter out the information being taken in, they cannot store anything in

their memory (Drummond et.al, 2012).

Sleep Deprivation and Academic Performance

Sleep loss has been shown to be inversely proportional to academic performance; when

one fails to receive an adequate amount of sleep on a nightly basis, the literature states that an

individual’s skills in learning capacity, such as memory, attention and problem solving skills are

affected the most. Sleep deprivation can also lead to daytime sleepiness. When these factors are

all being faced, students are likely to achieve lower test scores and lower grade point averages;

however, it has been shown that cognitive function is not hindered as drastically when the

individuals are working in groups as when working alone (Chiang, Arendt, Zheng, & Hanisch,

2014).

An individual’s physical and mental health and abilities have been shown to have direct

correlation with sleep deprivation. Research has shown that people who suffer from sleep

deprivation, are more likely to have issues with their cognitive abilities, such as memory and

problem solving skills when the individual also suffers from hypertension, but the relationship

8
does not end there. The empirical research study Decreased Cognitive/CNS Function in Young

Adults at Risk for Hypertension: Effects of Sleep Deprivation, which was conducted by

researchers; McCubbin, Peach, Moore & Pilcher have also shown that individuals who do not

have hypertension are more likely to develop this issue when constantly depriving themselves of

sleep (McCubbin, Peach, Moore, & Pilcher, 2012).

In our society today many teens are experiencing the need to manage the countless

demands on academics. It is not surprising to see students staying up all night and make the time

to do their projects on time. However, this is not the best course of action. According to the study

of Thatcher (2008) shows that both quality and quantity of sleep are associated with academic

performance of students, sleep loss interferes with the fusion of memory and the learning

process.

If an individual is getting enough sleep the memory recall and ability to maintain

concentration are much improved. By preparing early for school and recalling what they have

been studying the performance will be increased because they get to concentrate more.

Prolonged sleep deprivation will affect the mood, energy level, alertness, concentration level,

and the ability to learn fast directly affects the performance level. (Alapat, 2012).

Sleep deprivation can also lead to damaged memory and physical performance, it

decreases the ability to perform math calculations, they experience hallucinations and mood

swings. (Brain Basics, 2003).

Sleep deprivation is not healthy for the brain in doing complex things and higher-level

thinking tasks because it may affect both on the performance and the way the brain functions.

(DeNoon, 2000).

9
 Sleep deprivation can affect a students’ ability to perform well in class. A student who

feels less anxious can achieve good grades and having a proper sleep cycle can accomplish it.

Most students finish their school work at the last minute which can affect their body negatively.

Maintenance of good sleeping habits can positively affect one’s body. This also avoids memory

loss which is highly important to students. (Kelly et.al, 2001)

According to Chokroverty (2010) Sleep deprivation causes a lack of concentration,

longer reaction times, increased errors, and a lack of coordination. Sleepiness causes reduction in

mental and psychomotor skills. As a result, sleep loss can cause impaired performance.

One area of the brain shuts down, while others are over worked to make up for the

deteriorated performance. The part of the brain that is overworked that functions in working

memory, planning, attention, and verbal fluency (Denoon, 2000). Therefore lack of sleep causes

and it unable to function well as someone that has an adequate amount of sleep.

Synthesis

Sleep plays an important role in the academic performance of a student. A person’s

concentration is improved when getting enough sleep. When a person fails to obtain a specific

amount of sleep, the greater the possibility that this person would affect their cognitive

capabilities. As researchers, we specifically aim to reach out to the STEM students of Ateneo de

Naga University which makes this research unique. The students’ lifestyle is entirely different

from other students from other schools, thus making the results unalike. The environment also

gives an impact to the students’ academic performance which makes the outcome completely

dissimilar. Moreover, most students finish their school work shortly before the deadline which

affects the body of the student negatively. Since most students are deprived of sleep, they tend to

10
take naps during the day which affect their performance at school in a poor manner. Lastly, sleep

deprivation results in the reduction of mental and psychomotor skills that causes impaired

performance.

Theoretical Framework

Sleep Mechanisms. According to National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

(2019) there are two internal biological mechanisms which are circadian rhythm and homeostasis

that work together to regulate when you are awake and sleep. The circadian rhythm function as

sleep timing and this is the cause why you feel sleepy at night and wake you in the morning even

without an alarm clock which synchronizes with environmental cues (temperature, light). Sleep

is essential to protect the mental and physical health of an individual, in addition to improving

the quality of life. However, the function of sleep has not always been clear and, until recently,

the main function was believed to be the avoidance of sleep deprivation.

Stages of sleep. There are four stages of sleep: Non-REM (NREM) sleep (Stages 1, 2 &3)

and REM sleep. Periods of wakefulness occur before and intermittently throughout the various

sleep stages or as one shifts sleeping position (“Tuck”, 2019). The most important stage of sleep

is the REM sleep where dreaming happens in this stage because this is the stage where you

experience deep sleep.

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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 describes the conceptual framework of the study wherein the inputs are Sleep profile

and GPA of Ateneo De Naga University Grade 12 Senior High School Stem Students STEM

students with their data sleep patterns of the students were identified. The said data also provided

information about sleep deprivation and its effects on the students. Finally, sleep deprivation and

GPA were correlated.

Sleep patterns among Grade 12

A. Sleep profile of ADNU Senior High School Students
SHS STEM students (Grade
12) S/Y 2019-2020
Effect of sleep deprivation in
B. Students’ GPA (in Grade
11) the students’ grades

Correlation of the GPA and

Sleep Deprivation

Figure 1 – Conceptual Framework

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the process by which the research was conducted, including the

research design and setting,sample, research instruments,data gathering, procedure and analysis

of data.

Research Design

This study is a quantitative, descriptive design. It made use of the questionnaire where

students numerically graded themselves on certain items about their sleep. Likewise, it describes

their sleep patterns and sleep deprivation occurrences. It is also correlational because it seeks to

find out if sleep deprivation is related with performance as reflected by the students’ GPA.

Research Setting

This research was conducted within Ateneo de Naga University, Main Campus on the

month of 2019-2020. As for this study, the researchers focused on the STEM strand of the senior

high school students of the university. This research was done within the time span of roughly

five months. Also, this research was conducted starting from the month of June 2019.

Sample of the Study

As of school year 2019-2020, there are about 420 Grade 12 STEM students comprising

11 sections. For facility of sampling, 20 students per section was considered to comprise the

sample, totalling 220 all in all. The 20 respondents per section were randomly selected.

In general, sampling can be considered purposive because only Grade 12 STEM students

was considered

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Research Instrument

This study made up of a researcher’s made questionnaire (Appendix B), Consisting of 4

items pertaining to sleep pattern and 4 on the effects of sleep deprivation. In making the said

questionnaire, related questionnaire was consulted. Data on GPA was also indicated in the

questionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedures

To realize the objectives of the research. The following steps were done:

Distribution of survey. Upon approval of the request to conduct the study, the researchers

distributed 20 questionnaires to every section of grade 12 STEM students.

Retrieval of questionnaires. The questionnaires were retrieved personally and collected

immediately upon completion by the researchers.

Report writing. The data was subjected to statistical tests to answer the formulated specific

problems. Finally, the analyses and discussions of results, interpretation and the executive

summary were prepared.

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Data Analysis

To analyze the data, the following statistics was used: Frequency count, Percentage, and

Pearson’s Correlation.

 Frequency Count is used to determine how many times occurred of the data used in this

case the frequency count of sleep deprived students and their GPA are used to determine

the Frequency

 Percentage Formula to determine the percent of each data used in order to see and

calculate the amount of students that is sleep deprived

 Pearson’s Correlation is used to determine the relationship between the two variables,

sleep patterns and the GPA of the students. This method will be used to establish if there

is a positive or negative correlation between the two variables. Additionally, analyze data

will be presented through the use of tables and graphs.

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 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter the results of the study are presented and discussed with reference to the

aim of the study, which was to determine the sleeping patterns among Grade 12 SHS students of

ADNU and also the effects of sleep deprivation among SHS students and Correlate GPA and

sleep deprivation among grade 12 SHS students.

Sleep Patterns of Grade 12 SHS- STEM students

Sleeping patterns of Grade 12 Senior High School - STEM Students is presented in table

1 below.

Table 1
Sleep patterns of Grade 12 Senior High School students
Before 11 11-12 pm 12-1 am After 1 am

A. Time of going to bed 70 (31.82%) 87(39.55%) 39(17.73%) 24(10.91%)

< 6hours > 7 hours

B. No. of hours sleep at 176(80%) 44(20%)

night

Before 6 am 6-7 am 7-8 am After 8 am

C. Time to wake up 120 (54.55%) 94(42.73%) 5(2.27%) 1(0.45%)

Yes No

D. Occurrence of naps 155(70.45%) 65(29.55%)

Result showed that 39.55% of the student- respondents sleep at around 11-12 pm. A

lesser percentage of 31.82% sleep before 11 pm. About 17.73% sleep at 12-1 am while 10.91%

16
sleep after 1 am which according to an article from Medical News Today (2018) mentioned that

when a person is deprived from sleep than the time they have to be asleep they can be sleep

deprived because of the less sleep they occur. Also, 11-12 pm of time of going to sleep can be an

effect of being sleep deprived of the students with the 31.82 percent of the respondents. The

number of sleep hours at night gives a picture of sleep deprivation. Eighty percent (80%) had

less than 6 hours of sleep, hence considered sleep-deprived. Only 20 % of the respondents sleep

within the desired hours which according to an article by “American Academy of Sleep

Medicine”(2008) A sleep deprived person fails to commit the said hours of sleep which is 9 or 8

hours of sleep every night. The 80 percent of the respondents voted for the 6 hours or less hours

of sleep which the percent of the respondents are sleep deprived. The time waking up shows how

the students the time before 6 gives the highest percent 54.55, 6-7 duration of waking up had a

percent of 42.73, 7-8 am has a percent of 2.27 and the lesser percentage of 0.45 which according

to Hershner, & Chervin (2014) school starts earlier than 7:30 am and the amount of school work

are being loaded which be an effect of the chaotic sleeping cycle of the students. The earlier the

wake time the less sleep the students can have and the amount of sleep deprived are increasing

the amount of students who wake up is 54.55 percent of the respondents. In the last row it shows

the occurrence of naps the respondents mostly voted Yes with a percentage of 70.45% and the

lesser percentage is 29.55 which according to “Brain Basic” (2003) that getting little amount of

sleep can have an effect to judgments, our reaction time in school and our day to day routine

which being sleepy can commit naps during school hours which can be factor of sleep

deprivation. The 70.45 percent of the respondents are occurring naps and it is considered as sleep

deprived.

17
Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Data in this aspect, was obtained from the 176 respondents who were sleep-deprived
(having <6 hours of sleep)

Table 2
Effects of Speed Deprivation among Grade 12 SHS student
Never Once/twice 3-5 days per week Almost
per week everyday
A .Feel tired when 27(12.27%) 56(25.45%) 52(23.64%) 85(38.64%)
waking up
After 6 hours of sleep or
less

B. Feel daytime 9(4.10%) 52(23.34%) 65(29.55%) 94(42.73%)

sleepiness
After 6 hours of sleep or
less

C. Feel excessive 14(6.36%) 81(36.82%) 56(25.45%) 69(31.36%)

sleepiness during
independent study time
After 6 hours of sleep or
less

D. Feel massive 22(10%) 94(42.73%) 45(20.45) 59(26.82%)

sleepiness during class
time
After 6 hours of sleep or
less

There were four effects identified, i.e. felt tired upon waking up, fell asleep during the

day, feel excessive sleepiness during study time and felt massive sleepiness during class time

according to Tam (2004) that individuals with experiencing sleep deprivation are having a hard

time communicating to our people and also feeling tired early in the morning. In row B

determines the sleepiness in day time which many respondents voted everyday which is also an

effect of which Chiang, Arendt, Zheng, & Hanisch(2014) Sleep deprivation can also lead to

daytime sleepiness. When these factors are all being faced, students are likely to achieve lower

18
test scores and lower grade point averages. In row c determines the amount of sleepiness during

study time the respondents answered the once or twice a week since their study time can be

alternating, according to Drummond, Anderson, Straus, Vogel, & Perez, (2012) By failing to

have an efficient amount of sleep each night, there is a possibility of there being one or more

adverse effects on the individual’s cognitive capabilities. The actual ability to store information

is not completely hindered when a person is suffering from total sleep deprivation; however,

when a person is suffering from a lack of sleep, they may tend to lose the ability to filter

information. massive sleepiness during school hours has a higher percentage of 42.73 of once or

twice a week according to Hershner, & Chervin (2014) along with officially diagnosable sleep

disorders, it has been observed through empirical studies such as Hershner and Chervin’s Causes

and Consequences of Sleepiness Among College Students that schedules set by colleges and

public schools are partially responsible for students being afflicted with sleep deprivation. With

class times being set early in the morning and late in the evening as well as work-loads being

increased outside of the classroom, individuals’ circadian rhythms can become discombobulated,

causing them to have an inadequate sleep cycle.

19
Correlation between GPA and Sleep Deprivation

The Correlation between the GPA and sleep deprived students shows how to identify if

sleep deprivation has an effect to the overall performance of the students GPA. This table

will also identify how strongly affects the performance by using the Pearson’s

Correlation Coefficient.

Table 3
Correlation of GPA vs. Sleep Deprivation of ADNU STEM SHS

GPA (x) Sleep (x-x) (y- y) (x-x) x (y- y) (x-x)❑2 (y- y)❑2
deprived
(y)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

40 85 0.9 23.6 21.24 0.81 556.96

65 94 21 32.6 684.6 441 1062.76

94 69 50 7.6 380 2500 57.76

27 59 -17 -2.4 40.8 289 5.76

x= 44 y=61.4 ❑ ❑ ❑
∑
❑
❑225.328 ∑ ❑646.1 ∑ ❑225.2
❑ ❑
6 56

225.328
r=
√ 646.16 x 225.256

r =0.590

20
 Table 3 shows from the computation, a pearson r value % 0.590 is obtained. The table

identifies the effect of sleep deprivation among students by using the Pearson’s Correlation

Coefficient. The grades of the x- values are the frequency count of the grades of the respondents

while the y-values is the everyday column of the questions asked in Table 2.The results show

that the correlation between the GPA vs. Sleep Deprivation is not that high but it has a strong to

moderate correlation having 0.590 result makes it in the middle of the spectrum to have moderate

to strong correlation. It interprets that the correlation between the two variables are average and

it also interprets that the effect of lack of sleep in students is not a strong factor to have a bad

GPA, because some of the respondents have voted that they are not that affected by lack of sleep

to have a low GPA score. In a study conducted by Gilbert and Weaver, the correlation between

sleep deprivation and academic performance was examined (Gilbert and Weaver, 2010). It

investigates the link between the sleeping habits among the students and the effects on their

school performance. Therefore, the results said that the higher of being sleep deprived the lower

the academic performance or GPA than those who have enough sleep but there are some

respondents that are not affected by lack of sleep.

21
Grade Profile of Grade 12 students

The Grade profile of the Students shows their GPA in the First and Second Semester of

their grade 11 school year. This shows the frequency and the effect of sleep deprivation to the

GPA of the students.

Table 4
Grade profile of Grade 12 SHS students
Grade Range Frequency

75-79 0

80-84 40(18.18%)

85-89 65(29.55%)

90-94 94(47.77%)

95-99 21(9.55%)

Table 3 shows the grade ranges of Grade 12 Senior High School students from the lowest

possible grade to the highest. The effect of sleep deprivation of the respondents varies with the

grade they got to their previous school year which sleep deprivation also can affect their school

performance with their GPA. According to Chiang, Arendt, Zheng, & Hanisch, (2014)Sleep loss

has been shown to be inversely proportional to academic performance; when one fails to receive

an adequate amount of sleep on a nightly basis, the literature states that an individual’s skills in

learning capacity, such as memory, attention and problem solving skills are affected the most.

Sleep deprivation can also lead to daytime sleepiness. When these factors are all being faced,

students are likely to achieve lower test scores and lower grade point averages; however, it has

been shown that cognitive function is not hindered as drastically when the individuals are

working in groups as when working alone.

22
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The following chapter concludes this research. A summary of the research is presented

and findings of the study are discussed and interpreted.

SUMMARY

The goal of the study is to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on school

performance of STEM students of Ateneo de Naga University Senior High School. Eighty

percent (80%) of students sleep less than 6 hours. Many (54.55%) of them wakes up before six

am and 42.73% wakes up at six to seven am. Despite being sleep deprived they still manage to

go to school without being late. Although they wake up early in the morning, STEM students

tend to feel sleepy in studying and in class that might affect their performance in school in terms

of activity and participation in class. Moreover, when they are being sleep deprived it doesn’t

affect their grade or GPA.

Students have identified some negative effects of sleep deprivation. They (38.64%)

indicated that they feel tired when waking up After 6 hours of sleep or less; also 42.73% of them

feel daytime sleepiness after 6 hours of sleep or less; 36.82% of them feel excessive sleepiness

during independent study time After 6 hours of sleep or less. Lastly 42.73% of them feel massive

sleepiness during class time after 6 hours of sleep or less. In the grade profile of Grade 12 SHS

students who were identified as sleep deprived. None attained a grade of 75 – 79; while 18.18%

of them got a grade of 80 – 84; also 29.55% of them got a grade of 85 – 89; 47.77% of them got

a grade of 90 – 94. Lastly only 9.55% of them got a grade of 95 – 99.

23
CONCLUSION

Based on the results gathered, the researchers therefore conclude that grade 12 STEM

students are experiencing sleep deprivation because of the insufficient number of hours that they

are asleep which affects their participation in class. It is because these students perceive

sleepiness even right after waking up early in the morning.

Despite being sleep deprived, the students still arrive on their classes on time because

they manage to wake up early. Moreover most of the student’s GPA is not affected regardless of

the fact that they are sleep deprived. This result contradicts what the previous studies mentioned

about students experiencing sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation does not affect the GPA of the

STEM students negatively. As the researchers analyzed the results, the main effect of sleep

deprivation to the STEM students is their sleepiness during class and the independent studying a

student acquires.

24
RECOMMENDATIONS

The researchers recommend the following: Respondents, Parents, Teachers, and

Guidance office of Ateneo de Naga University Senior High School.

 The respondents are recommended to manage time wisely in order to avoid being

deprived of sleep. Time management can help tasks to be finished in a timely and more

productive manner, also having time management allows the respondents to understand

when a task needs to be completed and the amount of time it should take to finish the

job.

 The parents of the students who were sleep deprived are recommended to attend

programs that talks about parenting for them to be guided on how to manage their child

properly. This is specifically helpful to know what their child is going through and to

help them to manage their time wisely.

 Teachers are recommended to have a proper understanding and consideration when it

comes to the student’s school performance.

 Guidance office of Ateneo de Naga University Senior High School is recommended to

implement programs and activities that involve on how to manage the student`s time

wisely in order to avoid sleep deprivation.

25
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Burnout: The Enemy of Sleep - The Atlantic. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/07/arianna-huffingtons-tips-
for-better-sleep/373884/.

Mansukhani (2015) Sleep, death, and the heart - physiology.org. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpheart.00285.2015.

Naber, J., & Madridge Journals. (n.d.). The Impact of Duration of Sleep on Academic
Performance in University Students. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/38792257/The_Impact_of_Duration_of_Sleep_on_Academic_Pe
rformance_in_University_Students.

Murphy, & Delanty. (2007, January 1). Sleep deprivation: A clinical perspective, Sleep and
Biological Rhythms. Retrieved from https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/wiley/sleep-
deprivation-a-clinical-perspective-6P94Ualk.

Gilbert and Weaver(2010) “The Correlation Between Sleep Deprivation and Academic
Performance”
https://www.bartleby.com/essay/The-Correlation-Between-Sleep-Deprivation-and-Academic-
PK8D5CRAQG8A5#targetText=The%20Correlation%20Between%20Sleep%20Deprivation
%20and%20Academic%20Performance,-3156%20WordsJul&targetText=The%20researchers
%20hypothesized%20that%20the,who%20practice%20adequate%20sleep%20habits.

Basner, M., Rao, H., Goel, N., & Dinges, D. F. (1970, January 1). Sleep deprivation and
neurobehavioral dynamics - Semantic Scholar.
Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Sleep-deprivation-and-
neurobehavioral-dynamics-Basner-Rao/c7b91044e144485b632b325f022dd43abbcfee6c.

Alhola, P., & Polo-Kantola, P. (2007). Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance.
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656292/.

APPENDICES

26
 Appendix A

Consent letter for the STEM chairperson

ATENEO DE NAGA UNIVERSITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM

Ms. Averil Jessamine Ayusip

AdNU Senior High School STEM Chairperson
Ateneo de Naga University
Naga City Camarines Sur

Dear Ms. Ayusip,

Good day!

We are students, from STEM-SC-2B conducting a research, entitled, “EFFECTS OF SLEEP

DEPRIVATION ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF STEM STUDENTS IN ATENEO DE NAGA
UNIVERSITY.” As a requirement in our APPL113.

Our respondents will be Grade 12-STEM students of ADNU - SHS. We are therefore asking your
permission to conduct a survey to the Grade 12 students of ADNU.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely:
___________________ ___________________
MARC GOJJI DY-COK PATRICK PANUELOS

_______________________ ______________________________
ASTRID JENINE ESTURAS TRISHA MARIE ELAINE PARPAN

_______________________
ANGELO MIGUEL PAGAR

Noted:

Mrs. Agnes Salvadora

Research Teacher
Appendix B

27
Consent letter for the Respondents

ATENEO DE NAGA UNIVERSITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STEM

In consideration with our research entitled “SLEEP DURATION AND ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF STEM STUDENTS IN ATENEO DE NAGA UNIVERSITY”, we
would like to invite you to be one of our respondents in the said study.

Surveying the questionnaire will require you about 10-15 minutes. All information will be
kept confidential. Please fill out the information below and hand in to us together with
the answered questionnaire

Thank you.

Sincerely,

Group 7 - SC2B

Appendix C

28
 QUESTIONNAIRE
Age:__
Sex:__ Overall grade in grade 11 (S/Y 2018-2019):______
SLEEP PATTERNS
For each item, please check which implies to you:
A. Time you usually go to bed: __ Before 11 pm __ 11-12 pm __ 12-1 am __ after 1 am
B. Number of hours sleep at night: __ 6 hours or less __ 7 hours or more
C. Time to wake up: __ before 6 am __ 6-7 am __ 7-8 am __ after 8 am
D. Occurrence of naps: __ Yes __ No
For the following items rate yourself on which applies to you by checking:

NEVER ONCE OR 3-5 DAYS ALMOST

TWICE PER PER EVERYDAY
WEEK WEEK

A. Feel tired when waking up after

6 hours of sleep or less

B. Feel daytime sleepiness after 6

hours of sleep or less

C. Feel excessive sleepiness during

independent study time after 6
hours of sleep or less

D. Feel massive sleepiness during

class time after 6 hours of sleep
or less

______________________________________________________________________________

I am willing to participate in the research.

Name:____________________________ Date:__________

Signature:_________________________

29