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    TB Interferon Gamma Release Assays (Igras)

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    Arlac Asocse
    IGRAs are blood tests that detect the immune response to tuberculosis by measuring levels of interferon gamma cytokine. Sputum smear microscopy examines sputum samples under a microscope for tuberculosis bacteria after staining, and is commonly used in high-risk areas. Fluorescent microscopy improves the accuracy of sputum tests by allowing a larger area of the smear to be examined under fluorescent light. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test detects exposure to tuberculosis by injecting tuberculin in the arm and checking for induration within 48-72 hours. While serological blood tests claim to detect antibodies for tuberculosis, this approach is challenging given the difficulty in finding antibodies for tuberculosis diagnosis.

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    TB Interferon Gamma Release Assays (Igras)

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    Arlac Asocse
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    IGRAs are blood tests that detect the immune response to tuberculosis by measuring levels of interferon gamma cytokine. Sputum smear microscopy examines sputum samples under a microscope for tuberculosis bacteria after staining, and is commonly used in high-risk areas. Fluorescent microscopy improves the accuracy of sputum tests by allowing a larger area of the smear to be examined under fluorescent light. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test detects exposure to tuberculosis by injecting tuberculin in the arm and checking for induration within 48-72 hours. While serological blood tests claim to detect antibodies for tuberculosis, this approach is challenging given the difficulty in finding antibodies for tuberculosis diagnosis.

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    Tests for TB diagnosis & drug resistance

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    W14

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    IGRAs are blood tests that detect the immune response to tuberculosis by measuring levels of interferon gamma cytokine. Sputum smear microscopy examines sputum samples under a microscope for tuberculosis bacteria after staining, and is commonly used in high-risk areas. Fluorescent microscopy improves the accuracy of sputum tests by allowing a larger area of the smear to be examined under fluorescent light. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test detects exposure to tuberculosis by injecting tuberculin in the arm and checking for induration within 48-72 hours. While serological blood tests claim to detect antibodies for tuberculosis, this approach is challenging given the difficulty in finding antibodies for tuberculosis diagnosis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    9 views1 page

    TB Interferon Gamma Release Assays (Igras)

    Uploaded by

    Arlac Asocse
    IGRAs are blood tests that detect the immune response to tuberculosis by measuring levels of interferon gamma cytokine. Sputum smear microscopy examines sputum samples under a microscope for tuberculosis bacteria after staining, and is commonly used in high-risk areas. Fluorescent microscopy improves the accuracy of sputum tests by allowing a larger area of the smear to be examined under fluorescent light. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test detects exposure to tuberculosis by injecting tuberculin in the arm and checking for induration within 48-72 hours. While serological blood tests claim to detect antibodies for tuberculosis, this approach is challenging given the difficulty in finding antibodies for tuberculosis diagnosis.

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    TB Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs)

    Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) are a new form of test that is more accurate. An
    assay is just a means of referring to a test or procedure in this context. IGRAs are blood tests
    that assess an individual's immune response to the germs that cause tuberculosis. Cytokines are
    unique chemicals produced by the immune system. The interferon gamma cytokine is detected
    by these tuberculosis tests. In practice, one of these TB tests is performed by obtaining a blood
    sample and combining it with particular reagents to determine whether the cytokine is present.

    Sputum smear microscopy as a test for TB


    Sputum smear microscopy is frequently the first test utilized in areas with a high risk of
    tuberculosis infection. Sputum is a viscous fluid produced by the lungs and the airways that lead
    to them. The individual coughing usually collects a sample of sputum. Sputum samples are
    usually taken in multiples.5 In 2012, it was claimed that two specimens might be collected on
    the same day without sacrificing accuracy.6 7
    A smear is a very thin layer of the sample placed on a glass slide to perform the test. The
    sample is then stained with a variety of specific stains, and the stained slide is examined under
    a microscope for evidence of tuberculosis bacteria.

    Fluorescent microscopy
    Fluorescent microscopy is a technique for improving the accuracy of sputum tests. The smear is
    lighted with a quartz halogen or high pressure mercury vapour lamp in a fluorescent
    microscope, allowing a significantly larger area of the smear to be seen and allowing for a more
    fast inspection of the specimen.

    Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST)


    M. tuberculosis can be detected by the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or the TB blood test.
    To establish the presence of tuberculosis, more tests are required. A little amount of tuberculin
    is injected into the skin in the lower region of the arm during the Mantoux tuberculin skin test.
    A qualified health care worker checks for a reaction (induration) on the arm and reads the test
    within 48 to 72 hours.

    Serological tests as a test for TB


    Serological tests on blood samples claim to be able to identify tuberculosis by detecting
    antibodies in the blood. However, hunting for antibodies in the blood to test for tuberculosis is
    extremely challenging.

    Reference/s:
    Fact sheets | testing and diagnosis | fact sheets - diagnosis of tuberculosis disease | TB | CDC.
    (n.d.). Centers for Disease and Control Prevention. Retrieved November 2, 2021, from
    https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/testing/diagnosis.htm

    Tests for TB diagnosis & drug resistance. (2021, May 27). TBFacts. https://tbfacts.org/tests-tb/

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