1

ENFORCING PROHIBITION ON ANIMAL WANDERING: ROAD SAFETY IN

BARANGAY WAREY, MALASIQUI , PANGASINAN

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of College of Criminal Justice Education

Philippine College of Science and Technology

In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

By:

BULATAO, DANIEL KIRK S.

BOQUIREN, GEROME I.
DUMULOT, ARNOLD G.
MAMARIL, DIEGO P.
SISON, GINALYN S.
ROSAL, CORINA G.
LOPEZ, SHY B.

November 2021
 3

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Road users have to be attentive to more than the risks posed by other road users. They

also have to be alert to the dangers of animals on the road. As urban areas continue to push

outward and displace animals from their natural habitats and as traffic continues to increase

every year, collisions between cars and the animals seem an almost inevitable consequence.

(arrivealive.co.za)

As people drive outside urban areas, they often see roadkill - animals that have been

killed by passing traffic. People might even have had the unfortunate experience of striking a

large animal, ourselves. Road collisions kill and maim wildlife, pets and humans, and result in

millions of rand in insurance claims. These incidents are however mostly under-reported. When

a driver swerves or stops to avoid hitting an animal, the resulting mishap is mostly not recorded

as a collision with an animal. (arrivealive.co.za)

Animal distractions and risks are brought about by a variety of animals, from small cats,

dogs and even birds to the large cattle, donkeys, and antelope such as kudu. Even insects have

been recorded to take their toll. (arrivealive.co.za)

In Canada, 5 Albertans were killed in collisions involving a moose between July 19 and

Aug. 3, 2020. That’s the average number of fatal crashes with wildlife for an entire year! Using

extra caution can mean the difference between safe travel and a casualty crash. And if safety

isn’t encouragement enough, consider the cost: in Alberta, animal-involved collisions are second

only to hail as a leading cause of comprehensive damage claims to vehicles. They’re also among

the most expensive, with the average claim topping $8,000. (Babiuk, 2020)
 4

In America, a survey to 1,000 Americans was conducted by Havahart (2021), regarding

animals they see on the roads while driving. They found out that driving an average of over

13,000 miles a year, American drivers witness plenty on their commutes. Heading down the road

at 40, 50, or even 60-plus miles per hour, it is a serious safety concern that claims both human

and animal life, but people rarely stop to consider the scale of the issue. In a given year, there are

over 260,000 crashes involving animals accounting for 12,000 human injuries, and over 150

human fatalities.

In over 70 percent of the 50 states, the most commonly hit animal on the road is the deer.

From some of the most isolated states, like Alaska, to some of the sandiest, like Florida, deer

lead as the top victim of motorists more than any other animal. In five states – Hawaii, Arizona,

Utah, Oklahoma, and Delaware – believe it or not, birds are the most struck creatures by

motorists. In 2014, it was reported that over 340 million birds were killed on U.S. roadways each

year. According to USA Today, higher speed limits and wider roads in rural areas have

contributed to an uptick in bird fatalities. Not all animals have to be on the ground to be hit; low-

flying birds, even big ones like barn owls, are susceptible to being struck by a fast-moving

vehicle. (Havahart, 2021)

There were at least two states where coyote and squirrels were the most commonly struck

animals, but only one state, Wyoming, led with cats. This is a state that amassed over 12,000

motor vehicle collisions with animals between 2011 and 2015. These crashes resulted in just

over 20 human casualties since 2006. Collisions involving animals account for $4 billion

annually. Some of the other popular animals seen were squirrels, cats, dogs, and birds.

(Havahart, 2021)
 5

In India, Hindustan Times reported the data of wildlife deaths, collected by the Delhi-

based Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI). A total of 83 leopards were killed in India

due to road and train accidents, the highest in a decade. Out of which, 73 leopards were killed in

road accidents and 10 were killed in train accidents. Maharashtra recorded the highest number of

leopard deaths for the second consecutive year. Among all the states, Maharashtra recorded 22

wildlife death cases, 19 in road accidents and three in train accidents. (Jain, 2021)

In response to this problem, according to the Union Minister, various measures have

been taken to avoid the incidents of wildlife killing on National Highways. The measures

include installation of road signs, speed calming measures, provision for the construction of an

animal underpass at pre-defined locations, fencing at the edge of Right of Way, and many others.

He also added that fencing is mandatory for either side of the road on the Expressways. (Jain,

2021)

Another study was conducted by Pagany (2020) to investigate Wildlife-Vehicle Collision

(WVC) shows that, factors such as the proximity to forest, gentle topography, sparsely curves,

road width, and certain daily or seasonal aspects increase the risk for WVCs. Other factors such

as the distance to urban areas, or road accompanying infrastructure are factors that cannot be

clearly assigned as influencing or non-influencing factors, according to the reviewed studies.

Consequently, the studies show that parts of the WVCs can be explained and follow some

environmental patterns, but the question remains open what the random proportion of these

patterns in terms of WVC risk is. While there is currently a strong focus on explanatory studies

as well as mitigation measures, the question arises to what extent the risk can be predicted and,

e.g., used for drivers' real time warning.

 6

In the Philippines, the Department of Health tags road accidents as one of the leading

causes of death among children, overpowering other deadly diseases, including dengue. In fact,

in Metro Manila alone, about two children die daily due to road accidents. In relation to that,

according to the car accidents Philippines report from the Metro Manila Accident Reporting and

Analysis System, there are 394 fatalities (both adults and children) due to road-related accidents

in the Metro. This is somewhat lower than the 2017 data, which is a good thing. In totality, there

are 14,553 road accident deaths and injuries involving passengers, drivers, and pedestrians. This

gives us an average of 40 individuals per day. (Kim, 2021)

In fact, according to data released by the World Health Organization (WHO), there are

1.35M lives taken due to road accidents in 2018. And statistics in the Philippines is recorded that

12,000 Filipinos die on the road every year. More concerning is the figures for Metro Manila.

The number of car accidents has been on a rising trend, doubled from 63,072 incidents in 2007

to 116,906 in 2018.

In this regard, one of the contributory factors of these road accidents in the Philippines

were caused by stray dogs. According to Zab (2016), stray dogs have caused a number of

vehicular accidents in the country. Statistics shows in his study that 34 accidents involving

motorists trying to avoid or hitting stray dogs occurred in 3 quarters of the year 2016.

Another case was recorded in Tacloban City after a female motorcycle rider died in road

mishap due to a dog that has gone astray. She was riding on a motorcycle driven by her husband

when a dog dashed across in front of their motorcycle. The dog hit the front wheel, causing the

accident that sent Dedal skidding on the ground. The victim died right after the incident while

her husband suffered multiple injuries. (Amazona, 2021)

 7

In Malasiqui, Pangasinan, a motorbike rider who avoided dog on road died in crash. A

father and son managed to avoid hitting a dog with their speeding motorbike, but they

unfortunately crashed and one of them lost his life in the process. Local police said Nelson

Furio, 41, married, a painter, of Barangay Balagan, Binmaley, Pangasinan, died in the hospital.

His son, 21-year-old Jasper John Furio, the driver of the vehicle, was injured in the accident.

Probers said the victims were on board their brand-new black Suzuki Raider motorcycle at 7:45

p.m. when a stray dog suddenly appeared and crossed the road along Barangay Calbueg. The

animal wasn’t run over, but the Furios crashed as they avoided it. The fatality, Nelson, was the

back-rider at that time. The two were taken to Pangasinan Provincial Hospital in San Carlos City

where the father was declared dead on arrival by the attending physician. The younger Furio

sustained injuries on the different parts of his body. (Tibay, 2019)

In this regard, call for banning stray animals on the roads were pushed by different LGUs

in the country in addition to Republic Act (RA) 9482, known as the Anti-Rabies Act of 2007,

provides for the legal definition of a stray dog and the manner by which a stray dog can be

impounded. This law was made in line with the policy of the State to establish responsible pet

ownership. In Cebu, the presence of stray animals in major roads and highways in the province

of Cebu are among the causes of some vehicular accidents and is believed to be a potential

danger to the riding public and the people in general. Seeing this situation, Provincial Board

Member Arleigh Jay Sitoy proposed an ordinance prohibiting the presence of stray animals in

main roads and highways in the entire province. In his proposed measure, Sitoy said there are

numerous reports of serious road accidents caused by livestock, household pets and other stray

animals wandering on busy roads and highways and eventually colliding directly with moving

vehicles. The purpose of the proposed ordinance is to promote road safety at all times and in all
 8

places within the jurisdiction of the province of Cebu by aiming to significantly reduce the

occurrence of vehicular accidents caused by animals straying into the path of moving vehicles.

The proposed measure also wants stray animals impounded and the Office of the Provincial

Veterinarian is authorized to identify and contact the owners of the impounded animals for them

to redeem their pets. Owners of impounded pets need to pay an administrative redemption fee of

P500 for the first incident; P1,000 for the second incident, and P2,000 for the third incident.

They also need to present an Affidavit of Ownership and other proofs of ownership. If the

animals are unredeemed by the owners within 15 days from its impoundment, the ownership of

the impounded animals is considered forfeited in favor of the Cebu Provincial Government.

(Booc, 2010)

In addition to the already positively or negatively identified impact factors, there are still

research gaps that needs to be addressed. This is the reason why the researchers proposed to

conduct this study in order to identify the practices that the respondents are doing in prohibiting

animal wandering for road safety in Barangay Warey, Malaisqui, Pangasinan, measure the level

of safeness of the road in Barangay Warey, Malasiqui, Pangasinan with the prohibition of animal

wandering, and determining the obstacles that respondents experience in prohibiting animal

wandering. The output of this study will be the basis for developing action plan to strengthen the

practices for road safety.

Conceptual Framework

This study will be anchored in concept of Republic Act 9482 an act providing for the

control and elimination of human and animal rabies, prescribing penalties for violation thereof

and appropriating funds therefor. Although the title provides provision for promoting programs

against rabies, Sec. 2 of this law still provides that it is the declared policy of the State to protect
 9

and promote the right to health of the people. In this regard, it defined stray dogs as to any dog

leaving its owner’s place or premise and no longer under the effective control of the owner and

provide penalties like impounding if stray dogs were caught in the streets. It is also indicated in

this law the responsibilities of pet owners. Under paragraph (c), Section 5 the pet owners must

maintain control over their Dog and not allow it to roam the streets or any Public Place without a

leash. Under paragraph 2 and 3 of Section 7, it is the responsibility of the LGUs to strictly

enforce dog impounding activities and field control to eliminate stray dogs and ensure that dogs

are leashed or confined within the premises of the owner’s house or owner’s fenced

surroundings.

Thus, the researchers used this concept to support the current study because the law

promotes full control over our pets so that they will not cause harm to the public.

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted by the researchers to seek answers to the following

questions.

1. What are the practices that the respondents are doing in prohibiting animal wandering

for road safety in Barangay Warey, Malaisqui, Pangasinan?

2. What is the level of safeness of the road in Barangay Warey, Malasiqui, Pangasinan

with the prohibition of animal wandering?

3. What are the obstacles that respondents experience in prohibiting animal wandering?

4. What action plan can be developed to strengthen the practices for road safety?

Assumptions

On the basis of the problem the researchers assumed the following.

 10

1. There are varied practices that the respondents are doing in prohibiting animal

wandering for road safety in Barangay Warey, Malaisqui, Pangasinan.

2. There are varied level of safeness of the road in Barangay Warey, Malasiqui,

Pangasinan with the prohibition of animal wandering.

3. There are varied obstacles that respondents experience in prohibiting animal

wandering.

4. There are varied action plan can be developed to strengthen the practices for road

safety.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will cover the prohibition of animal wandering in barangay Warey, Malasiqui,

Pangasinan as a contributory factor in the road safeness o the said barangay. Specifically, it

includes the activities, challenges, and obstacles in prohibiting animal wandering.

The findings of this study will be used exclusively in the safeness of the road in the said

barangay.

Other factors that contributed to safeness of the road in the said barangay will not be

included in this study.

Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1 covers the paradigm of the study. The first block is the INPUT consist of the

the practices that the respondents are doing in prohibiting animal wandering for road safety in

Barangay Warey, Malaisqui, Pangasinan, the level of safeness of the road in Barangay Warey,

Malasiqui, Pangasinan with the prohibition of animal wandering and the obstacles that

respondents experience in prohibiting animal wandering. The second block is the PROCESS

which includes the mixed-method research design particularly a descriptive research, document
 11

analysis/ interview guide and data analysis using Statical and Thematic Analysis. The last block

is the OUTPUT of the research which includes the action plan can be developed to strengthen

the practices for road safety.

INPUT

A. The practices
that the
respondents are
doing in
prohibiting animal
wandering for
PROCESS
road safety in
Barangay Warey,
A. Quantitative
Malaisqui,
Method
Pangasinan
OUTPUT
B. Descriptive
B. The level of
Research Design
safeness of the Action plan can be
road in Barangay developed to
C. Survey
Warey, Malasiqui, strengthen the
Questionnaire
Pangasinan with practices for road
the prohibition of safety.
D. Narrative
animal wandering
writing of results
through Thematic
C. The obstacles
Analysis.
that respondents
experience in Figure 1.
prohibiting animal
wandering Paradigm of the Study

Significance of the Study

The output of the study will be significant to the following stakeholders.

Barangay residents. The output of this study will benefit the residents because they will

be able to minimize the problems of animal wandering.

Motorists. This study will be beneficial to the motorist because they will be protected

against untoward incidents that may transpired because of the problem of animal wandering.
 12

Animal/Pet Owners. This study will be beneficial to the animal/pet owners because it

will enlighten them to become a responsible animal/pet owner.

Researchers. The output of this study will give them knowledge that they can be use in

their future career.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as their reference in the conduct of same or

related studies in the future.

Definition of Terms

For better clarity and understanding of the study, the following terms are conceptually

and operationally defined.

Accidents. This refers to an unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and

unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.

Animal. This refers to a living creature other than humans such as dogs, cats, chicken,

rabbit, cow, carabao, horses etc.

Animal Wandering. This refers to the act of animals moving from one place to another

without going to in a particular direction.

Enforcement. Defined as the act of compelling observance of or compliance with a law,

rule, or obligation.

Prohibition. Defined as the action of forbidding something, especially by law.

Road Safety. It refers to the methods and measures used to prevent road users from

being killed or seriously injured.

 13

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This section presents the review of literature which has significant bearing on the

present study.

Pattern of Injuries Sustained from Road Traffic Accidents Caused by Impact with Stray

Animals
 14

India tops the list of global fatalities and injuries from the road crashes with an estimated

burden of more than 550 billion rupees, which is whooping 3% of our gross domestic product of

the country. (Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013) Ironically, the affected victims mainly

belong to the prime productive age group. It is not just the traffic rule violations or bad roads but

menace of the stray animals, namely, the canines and cattle that have become a potential threat

for commuters in almost every city of our country. A report from a single city, Mysore,

estimates about 20,000 stray cattle and 40,000 dogs on the road.[4] Stray animals cause 10% of

overall accidents in Bhopal's roads.[3] The figures may not be very different in the city of

Bhubaneswar. The number of RTA involving these vagrant animals has reached a worrying

proportion; hence, a specific targeted study and statistics is the need of the hour.

The majority of the victims were male (84%). This is consistent with almost all reports

on epidemiology of RTA victims in our country and elsewhere. The majority of two-wheeler

drivers are males. Again, the majority of the victims are young, that is, consistent with the

literature. (Mitra et al. 2018) The younger population has a greater association with the two-

wheelers that are potentially unstable, especially in an emergent condition such as bumping into

an animal. The injury pattern is of wide range, but higher ISS was noted among the victims

riding under the influence of alcohol or abstinence of safety gear such as helmet. Alcohol

dampens the reflexes needed to effectively control the motor vehicles in this dangerous situation.

Mitra et al. have noted that drunkards have a higher odds ratio of injury as compared to

nondrinkers. (Mitra et al. 2018)

The problem of the rising number of stray animals on roads is also animal specific. There

is a rise in the number of stray canines because of uncontrolled population growth. Whereas, the

cows and other cattle are seen as either they have been disowned or the owners of the livestock
 15

also let them off, mostly during the daytime to graze outside and save costs on cattle feed. The

municipal corporation has certain rules and guidelines to control both the situations though its

implementation is suboptimal, leading to the alarming rise of RTA due to animal menace. The

central government, 2001, has delegated the municipal corporation and the local authority the

power to sterilize street dogs as per Animal Birth Control Program for Dogs rules. In our

country, capturing and culling of the stray dogs are banned as per “the Prevention of Cruelty to

Animals Act, 1960;” hence, neutering the dogs is the only solution to control the population.

Canal et al. have found that dog-associated AVCs show a “cluster pattern.” Therefore, they have

suggested posting of a warning signboard to increase the awareness among drivers. Similarly, to

control the stray cattle, there is a provision of imposing fine to the owners, and there are shelters

also for the homeless. However, the number of such homes for stray animals is insufficient and

mostly in urban areas. Deforestation for agricultural and urban land uses have grossly reduced

the feeding area for the cattle who have resorted to wandering on roads for feeding on the

garbage. (Canal et al. 2018)

Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions: A Growing Problem

According to data from national crash databases, 89 percent of all WVCs (2001–2005)

were on two-lane roads. This might lead some people to conclude that WVCs are only a problem

in remote, rural locations, but two-lane roads and WVCs are also prevalent in areas where many

people live and commute to work in nearby cities. Such two-lane highways are critical travel

corridors, and, in the United States, drivers use two-lane roadways for the majority of the total

highway miles they travel. Therefore, WVCs are a challenge in every state and for almost all

drivers across the country. Estimates of the total number of WVCs are based on several sources,

including crash statistics (from police and highway patrol report information), roadside carcass
 16

counts, insurance industry claims information, and interviews with the public. National crash

databases estimate the total number of reported collisions at 300,000 per year. However, most

researchers believe that WVCs are substantially under-reported for a number of reasons. Crash

databases typically exclude accidents that have less than $1,000 in property damage, not all

drivers report collisions with animals, and not all law enforcement, natural resource, or

transportation agencies have the resources to collect detailed information on WVCs.

Furthermore, many animals that are injured wander away from the road before they die and are

never found. Using a combination of carcass count data, insurance industry information, police-

reported crashes, and interviews with the public, this study estimates that there are between one

and two million collisions between vehicles and large animals in the United States every year.

Almost all animal-vehicle collisions (AVCs) resulted in no human injury (95.4 percent).

Collisions with moose and other large animals can have a higher likelihood of resulting in harm

to the vehicle occupant

Safety Risk

Collisions with large animals pose a safety risk to humans as well as wildlife. Based on

research from various states, roughly 4–10 percent of reported WVCs involving large animals

result in injuries to drivers and their passengers. While this may not appear to be a large

percentage, this translates into approximately 26,000 injuries per year that are attributable to

these accidents.

Direct Monetary Impacts

For vehicle owners, the most common direct cost incurred from a WVC is damage to

their vehicle. Most research indicates that more than 90 percent of collisions with deer result in

damage to the driver's car or truck. Nearly 100 percent of collisions with larger animals—such
 17

as elk or moose—end with substantial vehicle damage. Due to the size and weight of the

animals, damage to the vehicle can be costly. Based on numerous studies, the average cost of

repairing a vehicle after colliding with a deer was estimated at $1,840. For collisions with elk

and moose, the averages increase to $3,000 and $4,000, respectively. Drivers may incur

other direct costs if they must have their vehicle towed after the accident. If an injury occurs,

drivers and passengers may face expenses from medical care and possibly lost wages from

missed work.

Impacts on Wildlife

WVCs are a serious safety risk for animals. In most cases, an animal that has been hit by

a vehicle dies immediately or shortly after a collision. Clearly, these deaths affect the immediate

survival of many individual animals. However, they also represent a serious conservation issue.

For some species, the long-term survival of a local or regional population may be threatened,

especially in combination with other factors such as habitat loss due to agriculture and

urbanization. This study identified 21 federally listed threatened or endangered animal species in

the United States for which road mortality is among the major threats to the survival of the

species. These species include birds such as the Hawaiian goose reptiles such as the desert

tortoise mammals such as the San Joaquin kit fox and amphibians such as the California tiger

salamander.

Republic Act 9482

Republic Act 9482 is an act providing for the control and elimination of human and

animal rabies, prescribing penalties for violation thereof and appropriating funds therefor. Sec. 2
 18

of this law still provides that it is the declared policy of the State to protect and promote the right

to health of the people. In this regard, it defined stray dogs as to any dog leaving its owner’s

place or premise and no longer under the effective control of the owner and provide penalties

like impounding if stray dogs were caught in the streets. It is also indicated in this law the

responsibilities of pet owners. Under paragraph (c), Section 5 the pet owners must maintain

control over their Dog and not allow it to roam the streets or any Public Place without a leash.

Under paragraph 2 and 3 of Section 7, it is the responsibility of the LGUs to strictly enforce dog

impounding activities and field control to eliminate stray dogs and ensure that dogs are leashed

or confined within the premises of the owner’s house or owner’s fenced surroundings.
 19

CHAPTER III

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

This chapter discusses the method and procedures to be followed by the researchers in

the conduct of the study. It covers the research design, population and locale of the study,

instrumentation/sources of data, data analysis/treatment of data and ethical consideration.

Research Design

The researchers will use A quantitative method particularly a descriptive research design

to analyze the findings of this study. According to Shuttleworth, descriptive research design is a

scientific method which involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without

influencing it in any way.

Many scientific disciplines, especially social science and psychology, use this method to

obtain a general overview of the subject. Some subjects cannot be observed in any other way; for

example, a social case study of an individual subject is a descriptive research design and allows

observation without affecting normal behavior.

The researchers proposed to use this approach because they aim at analyzing and

describing the enforcement of animal wandering prohibition in Barangay Warey, Malasiqui

Pangasinan.

Population and Locale of the Study

The population of this study will be the residents of Barangay Warey, Malaiqui,

Pangasinan who observed, or personally experienced enforcing the prohibition of animal

wandering in their barangay. The participants will be identified using a Random Sampling. They
 20

will be selected as the respondents of this study because they possessed the knowledge or

information needed to answer the problems posed in this study.

In addition, this study will be conducted in barangay Warey, a Barangay in the

municipality of Malasiqui, in the province of Pangasinan. Its population as determined by the

2020 Census was 2,991. This represented 2.09% of the total population of Malasiqui. The

household population of Warey in the 2015 Census was 2,883 broken down into 544 households

or an average of 5.30 members per household.

Figure 2

Topographic Map of Malasiqui, Pangasinan

Instrumentation/Sources of data

The researchers will use a 3-part survey questionnaire to gather the primary data of this

study. The first part of the questionnaire will be variables that includes the practices that the

respondents are doing in prohibiting animal wandering for road safety in Barangay Warey,
 21

Malaisqui, Pangasinan. The second part will measure the level of safeness of the road in

Barangay Warey, Malasiqui, Pangasinan with the prohibition of animal wandering and the last

part are the obstacles that respondents experience in prohibiting animal wandering. The survey

questionnaire will be answered by the respondents by putting a check mark on the space

provided for their corresponding answers.

On the other hand, the secondary sources will be taken from their observations, internet

sources, books and news articles that are related to this study.

Data Gathering Procedure

Upon approval of this research proposal, the researchers will prepare request letters to be

addressed to the concerned authorities. Thereafter, the researchers will reach out the respondents

to seek their consent and approval. Then, the researchers will administer the survey

questionnaire to the respondents for a period of at least five days.

Immediately after the data gathering, the collected data will be tallied, analyzed and

interpreted and will be presented in a tabular form using the proper statistical method.

Lasty, the researchers will also search the internet for available resources that will be

used to corroborate the findings of the study.

Data Analysis/Treatment of Data

To treat the data in specific problem number 1 and 3, the frequency-percentage formula

will be used. The formula is shown below;

%=(f/N)100

Where:

%= percentage
 22

f= frequency of responses

N= total number of populations

Lastly, to measure the level of safeness in the road as stated in statement of the problem

number 2, the Average Weighted Mean will be used.

AWM= ∑fx/N

Where:

AWM = Average Weighted Mean

∑ = summation

f = frequency of responses

x = weighted value

N = total number of respondents

The descriptive equivalent of the 5-point Likert Scale is shown below.

From 1 to 1.80 represents (not safe).

From 1.81 until 2.60 represents (slightly safe).

From 2.61 until 3.40 represents (neutral).

From 3:41 until 4:20 represents (safe).

From 4:21 until 5:00 represents (very much safe).

Ethical Consideration
 23

The fulfillment of this study requires consideration of ethical issues like confidentiality.

The confidentiality of information was deemed necessary for the purposed of ensuring respect

and protection of the participants. In order to secure confidentiality, the responses of the

participants which were gathered with full consent with the aid of an interview guide and were

used for research purposes only. In addition, the names and other personal information of the

respondents will not be disclosed. Lastly, the authors, internet sources or publications of the

literatures used in this study will be properly acknowledged to avoid plagiarism.

 24

Survey Questionnaire

Name: (Optional) ______________________

Address: _____________________________

Part 1. Below are the practices that the respondents are doing in prohibiting animal wandering
for road safety in Barangay Warey, Malaisqui, Pangasinan. Kindly put a check mark on the
space provided for the activities you have experienced or encountered.

Practices that the respondents are doing in prohibiting animal wandering for (/)
road safety in Barangay Warey, Malaisqui, Pangasinan
1. I keep my pet inside the cage.
2. I used leash whenever I go for a walk with my pets.
3. I put improvised humps in the road in front of my house to make the motorist
go slow.
4. I installed road signs indicating “Slow Down”
5. I installed road signs indicating “Beware of Stray Animals”
6. I installed street lights to provide illumination during night time in order to
easily see animals that might suddenly cross the road.
7. I installed fences and enclosures to avoid my pets go outside the road.
8. I do not bring my pets in the road
9. If I am controlling animals like carabao, cow, goats or horses along the road, I am very
attentive to avoid collision to the motorists
10. I do not let my pets walk alone in the roads.
Others pls specify:
 25

Part 2. Below is the level of safeness of the road in Barangay Warey, Malasiqui, Pangasinan
with the prohibition of animal wandering. Kindly put a check mark on the space provided for the
activities you have experienced or encountered.

Legend:
5 – VMS (Very Much Safe)
4 – S (Safe)
3 – N (Neutral)
2 – SS (Slightly Safe)
1 – NS (Not Safe)

The level of safeness of the road in Barangay Warey, 5 4 3 2 1

Malasiqui, Pangasinan with the prohibition of animal (VMS (S (N (SS (NS
wandering ) ) ) ) )
1. I keep my pet inside the cage.
2. I used leash whenever I go for a walk with my pets.
3. I put improvised humps in the road in front of my house
to make the motorist go slow.
4. I installed road signs indicating “Slow Down”
5. I installed road signs indicating “Beware of Stray
Animals”
6. I installed street lights to provide illumination during
night time in order to easily see animals that might
suddenly cross the road.
7. I installed fences and enclosures to avoid my pets go
outside the road.
8. I do not bring my pets in the road
9. If I am controlling animals like carabao, cow, goats or
horses along the road, I am very attentive to avoid collision
to the motorists
10. I do not let my pets walk alone in the roads.
 26

Part 3. Below are the obstacles that respondents experience in prohibiting animal wandering.
Kindly put a check mark on the space provided for the activities you have experienced or
encountered.

Obstacles that respondents experience in prohibiting animal wandering (/)

1. Irresponsible pet/animal owners.
2. Lenient enforcement of policies in prohibiting animal wandering.
3. Lack of local ordinance to prohibit animal wandering.
4. Light penalties for violators of animal wandering.
5. No conviction is made to violators of animal wandering.
6. People disregarding the risk of animal wandering.
7. Lack of resources like signages or warning signs.
8. Lack of knowledge of the policies on animal wandering.
9. Lack of concern citizen to report the presence of stray animals in the road.
10. Lack of space in the premises of the house that is why animals stay outside.
Others pls specify:
 27

References

Amazona, R. 2021. Stray dog causes fatal road accident in Biliran town. Retrieved from
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1131035

Arrivealive.co.za. Road Safety and Avoiding Animals on the Road. Retrieved from
https://www.arrivealive.mobi/

Babiuk, L. 2020. Wildlife Road Safety Tips. Retrieved from https://ama.ab.ca/articles/wildlife-

road-safety-tips

Booc, RM. 2010. Ban of stray animals on roads pushed. Retrieved from
https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2010/09/06/609263/ban-stray-animals-roads-pushed

Bhopal 2018.Stray Animals Cause 10% Accidents on Bhopal Roads. The times of India. 2018.
Jul 16,.Retrieved from https://m.timesofindia.com/city/bhopal/stray-animals-cause-10-accidents-
on-bhopal-roads/amp_articleshow/65003206.cms

Dogs are the main species involved in animal-vehicle collisions in southern Spain: Daily,
seasonal and spatial analyses of collisions. Canal D, Martín B, de Lucas M, Ferrer M
PLoS One. 2018; 13(9):e0203693. Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?
id=10.1371/journal.pone.0203693

Epidemiological Study of Patients of Road Traffic Injuries Attending Emergency Department of

a Trauma Center in New Delhi Misra P, Majumdar A, Misra MC, Kant S, Gupta SK, Gupta A,
Kumar S Indian J Crit Care Med. 2017 Oct; 21(10):678-683. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5672674/

Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013. Retrieved from

https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_traffic/countrywork/ind/en/

Havahart, 2021. Wildlife on the Road. Retrieve from https://www.havahart.com/wildlife-on-the-

road
 28

Jain, A. 2021. 'Save Wildlife' No Wildlife Killed Due To Road Accidents On India's National
Highways In 3 Years: Gadkari. Retrieved from https://www.republicworld.com/india-
news/general-news/no-wildlife-killed-due-to-road-accidents-on-indias-national-highways-in-3-
years-gadkari.html

Kenneth Shishir S. 2020.Animal Homelessness: Stray Animals Rule The Roads, ‘Dog’ MCC.
Starofmysore.com. 2020. Pp. 1–16. Retrieved from https://starofmysore.com/animal-
homelessnessstray-animals-rule-the-roads-dog-mcc/

Kim, C. 2021. Car Accidents in The Philippines: Causes, Facts & Latest Statistics. Retrieved
from https://philkotse.com/safe-driving/roa. D-accidents-in-the-philippines-causes-facts-latest-
statistics-5455

Mashau MA 2018. Causes and effects of stray domestic animals on public roads : A case study
of R37 between polokwane and burgersfort in limpopo province. Int J Sci Manag Res.
2018;1:26–45. Retrieved from http://ijsmr.in/doc/ijsmr_01_6888_4.pdf

Pagany, R. 2020. Wildlife-vehicle collisions - Influencing factors, data collection and research
methods, Biological Conservation,Volume 251,108758,ISSN 0006-3207. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720308168

Satabdi Mitra 2018.Road Traffic Injuries: A Study on Severity and Outcome among Inpatients
of a Tertiary Care Level Hospital of West Bengal, India. Mitra S, Sarkar AP, Saren AB, Haldar
D, Saha I, Sarkar GNJ Emerg Trauma Shock. 2018 Oct-Dec; 11(4):247-252. Retrieved from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30568366/

Tibay, R. 2019. Motorbike rider who avoided dog on road dies in crash. Retrieved from
https://mb.com.ph/2019/01/12/motorbike-rider-who-avoided-dog-on-road-dies-in-crash/

Zab, BR. 2016. Stray Dogs Cause Vehicular Mishaps. Retrieved from
https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/panay-news/20160919/281569470195822