As a simple explanation, URBAN PLANNING is about on how the built environment influences

human behavior and interaction and on how we plan the city growing and developing

This schematic illustration shows the flow and activities in an urban area

Water……-Are input in any urban area while left overs water pollution acts as an output
sinosulusyunan

Transport…. – is an external aspects in a sense

STRATEGIC URBAN PLANNING

The result of the planning process is a strategic plan—also called the development plan, core
strategy, or comprehensive plan. The strategic plan’s goals may include easing transportation
throughout the city, creating more community spaces, improving citizens’ quality of life, or
encouraging people to visit or move to the city.

Strategic planning encompasses policy, legislation and plan making which is undertaken
by State and local governments. Strategic planners employed by the State are
responsible for reviewing the town planning legislation and associated regulation, other
planning instruments such as the State Planning Policy which seeks to protect state
interests, and regional plans which seek to protect regional interests. Strategic planners
working for local government are responsible for preparing the local government’s
planning scheme and associated planning scheme policies. In their preparation of the
planning scheme, they must consider allocation and distribution of different land uses
such as residential, commercial, community uses and industrial. They also need to
consider existing and proposed transport routes, commercial nodes, open space and the
capacity for each zoning designation for future development during the life of the
planning scheme (typically 7-10 years). Throughout the development of the planning
scheme and other planning instruments, the planning instruments are intended to be a
reflection of the needs and desires of the population over which they have jurisdiction.

Why is strategic urban planning important?

Strategic urban planning helps enable cities to meet their needs and improve the quality of
life.

LAND USE PLANNING

The land is becoming limited in supply, which is why developers and construction companies
must know how to effectively use the land in a manner that will support the environment and
surrounding communities. Land use planning ensures that resources are used efficiently so that
the needs of the people are met while safeguarding future resources.

This planning process can be used to prevent land-use conflicts and reduce exposure to
pollutants. Land use planning is essential for any development project. When it is performed
thoroughly and accurately, the environmental, social, physical, and economic conditions will all
benefit the local community.

Land use planning refers to the practice whereby landowners, developers, municipalities, and
other professionals collectively work to approve a land-based project, following principles that
promote an appropriate social and environmental effect, while also employing resources
efficiently.

Land-use planning can occur at various levels, which can include everything from town and
local to national and international. The majority of land use plans begin at the local level before
connecting to higher levels.

The main goal of land use planning is to make sure that land resources are efficiently utilized for
any kind of land use activity, which could include anything from residential uses to agricultural
uses. The use of the land must adhere to the development goals or vision that the city has.
Other goals of land use planning include:

 Identifying potential alternatives for land use

 Assessing local, social, and economic conditions
 Assessing the potential of land and water on the site
 Efficiency, sustainability, and equity during the planning

The process can also be used to identify the location and amount of land that’s needed to
implement a wide variety of different economic and social policies, plans, projects, and
programs. Land use planning analyzes the physical conditions of the land to make sure that the
project can be adequately supported now and in the future.

If the development of a certain project is going to create issues with the surrounding
environment, these problems should be caught and addressed during the land use planning
process. The point of land use planning is to make sure that the land can continue to be used
for generations to come even after development has occurred.

https://prs3.com/why-land-use-planning-is-critical-for-development/

MASTER PLANNING

This type of urban planning envisions a future state for a given space, and what it will take to
achieve that vision. Urban planners must consider the required zoning (from your land-use plan)
and infrastructure (see concept 7 below) to make the project possible, such as residential and
commercial land, transportation considerations, road locations, etc. They must also plan the
location of urban amenities such as community facilities, schools, parks, and the like.

Master planning is about making the connection between buildings, social settings, and their
surrounding environments. A master plan includes analysis, recommendations, and proposals
for a site’s population, economy, housing, transportation, community facilities, and land use. It is
 based on public input, surveys, planning initiatives, existing development, physical
characteristics, and social and economic conditions.

URBAN REVITALIZATION

The exact definition of a declining area will differ from city to city—for example, areas that have
a troubling number of failing businesses or a stagnant or decreasing population growth. The
improvement tactics city leaders use for revitalization will depend on the root cause of decline,
and may include things like repairing roads, developing infrastructure, cleaning up pollution, and
adding to parks and other public spaces, etc.

Community interaction is especially important with this urban planning concept, as local
residents and business owners often have insights that can help inform and tailor planning
efforts. You may need to change land use (see concept #2) from industrial to residential to get
the loft apartments you want, or you may need to involve environmental planning (see concept
#6) to clean up any messes from previous use cases.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Subsequently, those companies then hire local talent and drive commuter traffic to the new
office. More workers dining at local restaurants for lunch, getting gas at nearby gas stations, and
stopping by local grocery stores on the way home will boost visibility and spend in the area.

Sometimes an economic development department lives outside of the planning department of a

municipality, so it is important to help that group navigate Land Use Plans, Master Plans, and
Infrastructure Plans to ensure that any development projects are workable. Of course it will be
important to coordinate with environmental plans as well

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Considerations for this type of urban planning include air pollution, noise pollution, wetlands,
and habitats of endangered species, flood zone susceptibility, and coastal zone erosion, along
with a host of other environmental factors dealing with the relationship between natural and
human systems.

ENVIRONMENTAL planning focuses on how communities can achieve sustainable

development and use resources in a way that is good for the ecosystem and the general
population.

INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING

This type of urban planning covers:

 Public works infrastructure such as water supply, sewage, electricity, and

telecommunications
 Community infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and parks
 Safety and transportation such as roads, police, and fire facilities
So, as you can see from the urban planning concepts, good planning takes a lot of work. But
when done correctly, planning at the city, county, and state levels can have a positive, lasting
impact on our community.

WHAT IS REGIONAL PLANNING

Regional planning is most commonly practiced to address specific issues that cross local
jurisdictional boundaries, like transportation or watershed protection. In other examples, regional
planning offers a holistic approach to the interconnected systems and dynamics that shape
physical and cultural landscapes.

Regional planning is a form of planning defined by geographic area—usually comprising a land

area that encompasses multiple cities and countries.

A regional plan is a long-term document prepared by the government WHICH SERVES AS a

guide ON how a region, made up of several local governments, will grow and responds to
change. Regional plans address issues and identify opportunities that cross local government
boundaries for the benefit of the region. GOVERMENT covers a vast area made up of different
climatic, demographic and economic regions. Each region has very different planning and
development challenges and opportunities.

What a regional plan does

Regional plans help the Government and local government align planning for a region’s future.

Each regional plan sets a long-term direction that guides overall growth patterns and land use
outcomes. The plans aim to ensure that, across the whole of a region, future development is
planned in a way that creates good outcomes for our communities, the economy and the
environment.

They aim to:

• identify a region’s comparative economic advantages and opportunities

• make sure there is enough land and spaces available in the right locations to support
communities’ needs (including housing, services and business areas)

• maximize the livability of our communities by ensuring there is green space, community
facilities, places to work and shop and housing options

• ensure infrastructure is planned for and used efficiently

• protect the natural environment and manmade features such as heritage buildings

• make communities more resilient to natural hazards such as floods and bushfires.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN URBAN PLANNING AND REGIONAL PLANNING

Urban planning focuses on the land use plans, spatial growth and policies which are at local
level (affecting that particular city or town). While regional planning the emphasis on the policies
is more. Those policies become the guidelines for the urban areas and their existing plans are
modified accordingly. This helps in meeting the larger requirement of the whole region. Regional
planning deals with relatively large geographical areas and it follow naturally the planning of
regions and are concerned with very huge land coverage.

• Preliminary Aspects of Regional Planning may constitute the following: 

Sustainability - Sustainability leads to balance in Regional Development which implies

efficient use of available resources and opportunities for development in all parts of the
region

• Environment

• Some of the major environmental concerns that can be addressed by regional

planning approach are the following: i. Control of pollution specially water pollution, use
and maintenance of the water courses.

• ii. Maintenance of green cover, forests and eco fragile areas. 

• Disaster Management – The impact of natural disasters is exaggerated by unscientific

plus unplanned development. Regional development should promote efficient response
and preparedness to disasters such as floods, landslides, land subsistence, fire and
earthquake
• Promoting Balanced Development – Imbalanced development of the country due to
missing regional planning approach to bring development in urban-rural settlements
simultaneously has led to lop-sided development in favor of urban settlements

LAND – USE FOR AGRICULTURE, RESIDENTIAL, INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMERCIAL

FINANCE – REFERS TO THE BUDGET

MANPOWER – IS THE INTELLECTUAL AND COLLABORATION

What is Perspective plan?

Perspective planning is a blueprint regarding the objectives and targets of long run growth. The
perspective plan is not just a plan, rather to attain certain objectives and targets; the perspective
plan is divided into certain smaller plans. A Perspective Plan is a long term (20-25 years) written
document supported by necessary maps and diagrams providing the state government the
goals, policies, strategies and general programmes of the urban local authority regarding spatio-
economic development of the settlement under its governance. The basic purpose of a
perspective plan is to provide a policy framework for further detailing and it serves as a guide for
urban local authority in preparation of the development plan.

What is metropolitan planning?

Metropolitan planning is a process rather than a conclusive statement. It is a pattern for the
physical development of the city, a pattern to guide the city builders in locating their investments
and measuring the prospect for success. It is a design of the physical, social, economic and
geographic properties of the city into a structure.

The metropolitan plans can be modified as and when the conditions in the city are altered but

the general plan of the metropolitan city remains intact as it represents certain things that are

vital to the welfare of the people and also the city. The plan contains things such as follows:

i. The number of people the city may be built to accommodate.

ii. The standards and pace at which the city has to be developed.

iii. The different uses of land—for residential purposes, commercial purposes and industrial

enterprise.

iv. The construction of transport and communication system that has to be developed—

including the circulation system.

v. The extent of open space that has to be preserved for various purposes throughout the city.

The basic elements of metropolitan planning are as follows:

i. The plan for effective land use.

ii. The plan for proper circulation or transportation.

What is regional development planning?

Regional Development Planning is undertaken by governments with the aim

of improving the well-being of people in areas where there is concern about
present and future living conditions. Economic conditions normally receive the
greatest attention, but economic problems (such as high rates of
unemployment, low income levels or lack of investment opportunities) are
closely associated with a broad range of physical and social problems. These
include substandard health and housing conditions, inadequacies in physical
infrastructure (eg, water supplies, waste disposal, transport facilities),
environmental pollution, and deficiencies in educational, recreational and
social services. A planned program of regional development normally
attempts to treat these problems comprehensively.

WHAT IS Master Plan?

A master plan includes analysis, recommendations, and proposals for a site’s

population, economy, housing, transportation, community facilities, and land
use.

WHAT IS ANNUAL PLAN?

An annual plan is an operational plan that indicates specific goals and objectives for a particular

program or programs within a specific timeframe (usually one year). It often includes a detailed plan

outlining which activities will be accomplished, by when and by whom.

CONTENTS

WHAT IS SETTLEMENT PATTERN?

Settlement patterns are refers to the shape of the settlement. The shapes of early
settlements were influenced by the surrounding landscape

EXAMPLE:

LINEAR – are settlements where the buildings are constructed in lines, often
next to a geographical feature LIKE HOUSES ALONG THE ROAD, THE RIVER, VALLEY
COASTLINEOR RAIL ROAD

Disperse settlements - are ones where the houses are spread out over a wide area. They are often

the homes of farmers and can be found in rural areas.

Nucleated settlements are ones where the houses are grouped closely
together, often around a central feature like a church, pub or village green.
New settlements that are planned often have a nucleated pattern. 

What is infrastructure?

Infrastructure refers to those basic elements of economic and social aspects

which provide support to the production activity in economy. Examples of
infrastructure include transportation systems, communication networks, sewage,
water, and electric systems.

Regional policy is the government’s policy to boost economic activity in a specific region of the

country. The term may also refer to a policy of ensuring a fairly even spread of industry across

different regions of a country or trading zone, in order to prevent or rectify economic decline.
Additionally, a regional policy may try to address high levels of unemployment and lower-than-

average per capita incomes.

Regional policy may also focus on preventing congestion problems in the more prosperous

regions.

What is regional plan?

The regional plan is drawn up by the regional council. A regional land use plan contains
a general plan that complies with the Land Use and Building Act, and is presented on a
map, providing information about land use in a region or part of it. It sets out the
region’s principles of land use and community structure, and designates areas as
necessary for regional development.

The objective of the regional plan is to solve the national, regional and trans-municipal
issues of land use.

Disaster Management Plan

Is a preventative plan designed to reduce the harmful effects of a disaster like a

hurricane or extreme storms.

What is Implementation Strategies and Management  Structure?

Implementation is the process that turns strategies and plans into actions in order to accomplish

strategic objectives and goals. It is a technique that utilizes integrates new processes into the

structure of an organization. This ensures that the culture, resources, people, and systems all

follow the strategies put in place.

Physical planning is A form of urban land use planning which attempts to achieve an

optimal spatial coordination of different human activities for the enhancement of the quality

of life.