Q2 - LESSON 6 Student’s name: ........................................................... Class: 10A .............

LISTENING
Complete the notes below.
Write NUMBERS AND / OR NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

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 VOCABULARY – GRAMMAR TEST

I. Complete the participle clause at the start of each sentences using the information in brackets.
1. ………………………… strongly, she was able to cross the river in just a few minutes. (She swam
strongly.)
2. ………………………… in oil, Colin got out from under the car. (He was covered in oil.)
3. ………………………… in Latin, the two letters were sent in 1406 to the French king. (They were
written in Latin.)
4. ………………………… them twice this year already, Bayern Munich are favourites to win again
against Real Madrid. (They have beaten them twice this year already.)
5. ………………………… how to use the software, I found it easy to design my own website. (I was
shown how to use the software.)
6. ………………………… eaten anything for hours, I was starting to feel a bit faint. (I hadn't eaten
anything for hours.)
7. ………………………… her glasses, she began to read her speech. (She put on her glasses.)
8. ………………………… Portuguese, I found travelling in Brazil difficult. (I can’t speak Portuguese.)
When + Mệnh đề => on + V-ing
II. Read this extract from a blog about a visit to London. Rewrite the underlined parts using a
participle clause, to-infinitive or reduced clause.
(0) While I was in London I just had to go to the British Museum. There's so much to see and I only
had time to spend a few hours there. First, I went to the collection of clocks and watches. (9) When I saw
the pocket watches, I was reminded of the old watch my grandfather used to wear. I don’t think I ever
saw him without it Then I went to the Money Gallery. They've got an incredible collection of coins, (10)
and some of them are over 2,000 years old. Next stop was the Chinese collection. (11) Because I'd lived
in Hong Kong for so many years, I was very interested in this. Some of the jade objects were stunning.
(12) After I looked at the Chinese collection, I had hoped to see the Mexican collection. Unfortunately,
(13) when I got there I found that it was closed. (14) Because I'd spent the whole morning walking around
the museum, I decided that I wanted to do something very different in the afternoon. So I went to the
London Eye (15) in order that I could get a bird's-eye view of the city. (16) When they are looked at from
the top of the Eye, some of the biggest buildings appear quite small - even St Paul’s Cathedral, across
the river After that, (17) because I was tired from all the walking, I went back to my hotel room and slept
for a couple of hours (18) before I went out to have dinner.
0. While in London … Having spent
14. …………………………………………………
On seeing the pocket
9. ……………………………………………………. watches To get
15. …………………………………………………
With some being
10. …………………………………………………… 16. ………………………………………………… Being looked at
Having lived in Hong Kong
11. …………………………………………………… 17. ………………………………………………… tired
After looking at
12. …………………………………………………… Before going out
18. …………………………………………………
(On) getting there I found that …
13. ……………………………………………………

III. In these sentences, is the subject of the participle and the main clause the same (S) or different
(D)? If it is different, think about how you could rewrite the sentence correctly.
0. Painted bright yellow, I could see the signs clearly from a distance. D
S
19. Hearing a noise from one of the bedrooms, I quietly climbed upstairs. ……….
D
20. Laughing at her new hat, Ji ng looked really angry with me. ……….
S
21. Kept in the fridge, the cheese should stay fresh for weeks. ……….
S
22. Holding her umbrella tightly, she went out into the storm. ……….
D
23. Talking to each other in the library, I asked them to keep quiet. ……….
24. Caught in traps put on the riverbed at night, many fishermen depend on crayfish for their livelihood.
D
……….
25. Worried that Zahira hadn’t arrived, I decided to phone her home. ……….S

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 0. Because, the signs were painted, bright yellow I could, see them clearly from a distance.
Because I laughed at her new hat, Jing looked ….
19. ......................................................................................................................................................
20. ......................................................................................................................................................
21. ......................................................................................................................................................
22. ......................................................................................................................................................
Because they talked to each other in the library, I asked them to keep quiet.
23. ......................................................................................................................................................
Many fisherman depend on crayfish caught in traps put on the riverbed at night for
24. ......................................................................................................................................................
their livelihood.
25. ......................................................................................................................................................

IV. Complete each sentence using one of the words in the box and an appropriate form of the verb
in brackets. Use either an –ing, an –ed or being + -ed verb form.
although before if once since
while with without unless until
0. Unless otherwise stated, all software contained on the CD is for demonstration purposes only. (state)
While searching
26. …………………………… my book on the European Union, I interviewed more than a hundred
members of the European Parliament. (research)
Although
27. ……………… involving
no longer ……………... in the day-to-day running of the business, Mr Chen retains a
keen interest in its development. (involve)
Before being made Defence Minister, he was head of the army for five years. (make)
28. ……………………………
Without asking
29. …………………………… her parents, she took their car and drove into town. When they found out,
they were furious. (ask)
Since leaving
30. Not …………………………… school had anyone told me to 'sit down and be quiet'. (leave)
Once caught
31. The virus doesn't have serious effects, but …………………………… it remains in the body for life.
(catch)
With
32. ……………… reaching
the wind ……………… hurricane force, ships have been advised to head for land.
(reach) Until/ before being woken
33. I slept deeply …………………………… by a fire engine going past the house. (wake)
If being found
34. …………………………… guilty, she could face ten years in prison. (find)

V. Complete the following sentences with a suitable reduced relative clause and any necessary
prepositions. Each sentence must have a passive meaning. Look at the example given.
painted parked booked imported stolen born
cooked washed left returned dug treated
0. Children born on or before 1st September should have been vaccinated.
returned
35. Any books ............................ to the library more than three days late will be subject to a fine.
Cooked with oil or butter contains much more cholesterol than meat which has been grilled.
36. Meat ...........................
Treated with
37. Patients ............................. the new wonder drug showed no greater signs of recovery than those
receiving traditional medicine.
left
38. Did you know that grapes ................................. to dry in the sun turn into raisins?
Booked by
39. Tickets ................................ phone must be paid for within 24 hours.
stolen
40. The management declines all responsibility for property ................... parked this car park.
from cars …............
Dug up at
41. The skeleton ............................... the building site last month turned out to be over 2,000 years old.
Washed in/ with new ‘Spumo’ won’t lose their colour. We guarantee it!
42. Yes folks, it’s true. Clothes ...............................
painted
43. Looking round a junk shop one day, Stanley came across a picture ..................................... by
Rembrandt.
imported
44. Dogs .......................... Britain from another European country must spend three months in quarantine.
left
45. Baggage .......................................... unattended may be destroyed.

VI. Complete the sentences using the prepositions in the box. Use some prepositions more than
once. By người thực hiện hành động
With công cụ thực hiện hành động
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 about on during back to at in
back
46. Some traditions, like eating lamb at Easter, go quite a long way .............
on
47. I'd like to welcome you here ........... this very special occasion.
At
48. ............. the end of the recipe, the chef says that it should be served cold.
on
49. I wrote the number of the restaurant ............. a bit of paper, but I've lost it.
about the history of your country's food?
50. How much do you know ...............
in
51. I've always been interested .............. food from different countries.
at/ duringtraditional celebrations.
52. We often eat special food …............
to
53. My parents went .............. an expensive restaurant for their wedding anniversary.

VII. Read the passage again. For questions I-10, think of the word which best fits each space. Use
only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning.
THE FORTUNE COOKIE
Are you interested (0) in world cuisine? If/ whether
Do you know anything (54) …………about Chinese food? I wonder (55) ……...... you have ever heard of fortune
at Meal
cookies. Fortune cookies are small biscuits that are traditionally served (56) …….... the end of a meat in
on the piece
a Chinese restaurant. They are sweet and have a piece of paper inside them. Written (57) .......
of paper is your fortune. They often say things like ‘You will write a book one day' or ‘You will be lucky
in
(58) ………. love’.
back
Do you know how far (59) …………... the tradition goes? The Chinese have always given each other
sweet Moon Cakes (60) on ………. special occasions. When the Mongols occupied China in the 13th century,
the Chinese needed a way to send secret messages to each other. They put the messages inside Moon
Cakes.
When gold was discovered in California in 1849, many Chinese people went (61) ………. to America to
on during/ at
work (62) ………. the railway. Life was hard, but (63) ………. celebrations they put messages of hope
inside biscuits. When they settled in California and opened restaurants, they continued the tradition.
Homework: 35 chia 3.5
READING Listening: 10
Lesson 6: 63 chia 6.3
You are going to read four texts about people from traditional societies and what they think about
their environment. For questions 1 – 10, choose from the people (A-D).
Which person
has experienced severe weather conditions? 1.
dislikes the way other people live? 2.
is worried about what will happen in the future? 3.
could always find his way in the place where he lived? 4.
talks about the role of the older generation? 5.
had difficulty away from the place where he usually lived? 6.
has seen a great change in the landscape? 7.
made others appreciate the place he comes from? 8.
has not given up an activity he did when he was younger? 9.
has achieved something very difficult in a short time? 10.

IN HARMONY WITH NATURE

There are people who have a special relationship to their environment.
Celeste Weiss tells us about four such people.
A. Rabbit Kekai: Hawaii
Kekai is one of the legendary Hawaiian surfers who became known as the Waikiki Beachboys. The
original Beachboys worked the beaches of Waikiki in the 1920s when it was just a tiny village. They taught
wealthy visitors to Hawaii how to surf, catch waves in outrigger canoes and enjoy Hawaiian culture. Because

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the tourists usually spent long periods of time in Hawaii, the Beachboys often developed close friendships
with them. Rabbit Kekai, for example, taught many Hollywood actors to surf. Like the other Beachboys, he
was known for his charm and his love of Hawaii, which he instilled in the tourists he befriended. As air travel
made access to Hawaii more affordable, more tourists came and stayed for shorter periods of time. These
changes affected the relationships the Beachboys were able to cultivate with the tourists. Waikiki Beachboys
still work the beaches but the film stars and wealthier tourists now stay away and life is very different. Rabbit
still loves the beach and is still surfing, even at 91.

B. Dawa Steven Sherpa: Nepal

Dawa was born in a village just twelve miles from Mount Everest over 1,000 metres above sea level. His
father used to climb with famous British mountaineers and his grandfather, originally a yak herdsman, toured
the world with Sir Edmund Hillary, the first man to reach the summit of Everest. All three generations of
Dawa’s family testify to major climate change taking place today. A glacier Dawa’s grandfather used to cross
while herding his yaks, the largest in Nepal, no longer exists. ‘The whole thing has just melted,’ says Dawa,
who has climbed Everest twice since he took up climbing two years ago. Climate change has seriously
affected local communities. Tourism is being hit because villages which once had a lot of water for trekkers
now don’t have any. ‘Without the foreign trekkers these people will lose their livelihood,’ says Dawa.

C. Anaviapik: the Arctic

Anthropologist Hugh Brody describes the visit to London of Anaviapik, an Inuit who had never previously
left the Arctic. Although he survived the several weeks he spent in the UK quite well, one thing he could never
get used to was the buildings. Every day Brody would tease Anaviapik, challenging him to find his own way
home from the local Tube station. Every day he got lost. ‘How amazing that the white people live in cliffs,’ he
said to Brody. ‘I would never be able to find my way here without you.’ Back in the vast, white landscapes of
the Arctic, Anaviapik had no such problems. On one occasion, Brody travelled with him hundreds of miles by
dog sledge. On the way, Anaviapik diverted to a place he had not visited since 1938. ‘How did you remember
the way?’ asked Brody. ‘Inuit cannot get lost in our own land. If we have done a journey once we can always
do it again.’ This shows how different the attitudes of hunter-gatherers like Anaviapik are. To him, transformed
landscapes like ours have no appeal or meaning.

D. Dean Yibarbuk: Northern Australia

The Aboriginal people of Northern Australia do not necessarily see fire as bad and destructive. Dean
Yibarbuk, secretary of a local land management agency, explains that traditionally, fire was seen as a way of
bringing the land back to life. ‘Unfortunately,’ says Yibarbuk, ‘this knowledge is being lost. To go forward,
adults need to encourage children in the ways of the past. We have a great responsibility to ensure that these
practices with fire are still used to keep our land alive and healthy.’ Although climatic changes have always
taken place, Yibarbuk’s people were able to adapt easily. ‘They were hunters and gatherers who looked for
food and good places to live even in changed circumstances. When walking about, they would cover the
whole area looking after our land according to our traditional land management practices.’ The floods and
violent storms that Yibarbuk has witnessed recently are not brought on by nature but by human behaviour.
People no longer travel on foot and have stopped using fire in the traditional way.

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Q2 - LESSON 6 Student’s name: ........................................................... Class: 10A .............
HOMEWORK
I. Complete the text with words from the box.
capacity child-centred classroom educators foster graduate
images influence method needs potential whole
Maria Montessori was one of the most important early years (1) ……………………. of the 20th century.
She was the first woman to (2) ……………………. from the University of Rome medical school and became
interested in education through her work as a doctor, treating children with special (3) …………………….
When she went on to establish schools for the disadvantaged children of working parents in Rome, she
approached their education as a scientist. She used the (4) ……………………. as her laboratory for
observing children and finding ways to help them to achieve their full (5) …………………….
It soon became apparent that Dr Montessori had developed a highly effective teaching (6)
……………………. which could be used with great success with each and every child. She began to travel
the world, establishing schools, lecturing about her discoveries, and writing articles right up to her death
in 1952. She was a true pioneer of (7) ……………………. education. Her innovative classroom practices
and ideas have had a profound (8) ……………………. on the education of young children all over the
world.
Montessori saw that children learn best by doing and that happy self-motivated learners form positive
(9) ……………………. of themselves as confident, successful people. She created specially designed
resources to (10) ……………………. independence and a love for learning from an early age.
The Montessori approach is holistic, that is, it aims to develop the (11) ……………………. child.
Fundamental to this approach is the belief that a child’s early life, from birth to six years old, is the period
when they have the greatest (12) ……………………. to learn.

II. Match these words and phrases with their definitions.

0. special needs ……… a. person who is the first to develop an idea
13. disadvantaged ……… b. able to work at something without encouragement
14. achieve your potential ...0…. c. requirements due to physical or mental problems
15. pioneer ……… d. new and original
16. child-centred ……… e. suceed to the best of your ability
17. innovative ……… f. based on the needs and interests of children
18. self-motivated ……… g. without the necessary education, money, etc. to succeed in life

III. Choose the correct adverbs for the adjectives in bold in these sentences.
19. The newly / firmly established early years centre is already serving a large number of local families.
20. The historic university is newly / firmly established as top choice for international students hoping to
study in the city.
21. We are seeking advice on how to recruit the highly / poorly educated workforce needed for these
skilled roles.
22. He plays the character of a highly / poorly educated caretaker who has an innate gift for
mathematics.
23. His theory was increasingly / highly influential in the development of educational practices in the
latter part of the century.
24. The department will become increasingly / highly influential as the publication of its papers in top
journals continues.
25. Focus groups showed that parents were strongly / politically motivated to do the best for their
offspring whilst being wary of other parents' competitive behaviour.
26. The announcement today of additional grants for poorer students has been seen as a strongly /
politically motivated attempt to deflect allegations of a U-turn.

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IV. Complete the text with the correct forms of the words in capital letters at the ends of the lines.
Mechanical Engineering is among the most diversified of the (0) traditional TRADITION
engineering disciplines. Mechanical engineers design and build machines and devices
that (27) …………………… humans to live and work in space, in the air, on the ground, ABLE
and under water. Their machines can extend our physical (28) …………………… and CAPABLE
improve our health and standard of living. Students acquire an (29) ………………...… UNDERSTAND
of the fundamentals of mechanics and of the thermal energy sciences. They learn to
perform (30) ………………………… design tasks using computers and to select INTERACT
appropriate materials for a specific (31) ………………………… They also become APPLY
familiar with the chemical and (32) ………………………… sciences, which are often ELECTRIC
essential to the total design and (33) ………………………… of a mechanical system. REALISE
We have a small but active group of faculty (34) …………………………, graduate RESEARCH
students and undergraduates who share a passion for
Mechanical Engineering.

V. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each gap.
THE SCIENCE OF HAPPINESS
Some scientists believe that asking people how happy they are is (35) …………... asking them
about an event they’ve attended in the past - there’s a lot they (36) …………... no notice of during the
experience, so how do they know? These scientists think that anyone studying happiness should pay
more (37) …………... to people’s experiences at the time they occur, not afterwards.
Other scientists say that we are actually (38) …………... up of our memories. They suggest that
studying moment-to-moment experiences at the time (39) …………... too much emphasis on temporary
pleasures, and that happiness goes (40) …………... than that. They identify three key (41) …………...
for happiness: pleasure, engagement (how involved we are with family, work, romance and hobbies) and
meaning (how we use our personal strengths to achieve important (42) …………...). It is interesting that,
(43) …………... to what might be expected, pleasure seems to play the smallest part in what makes us
happy.

35. A. similar to B. close to C. typical of D. consists of

36. A. gave B. took C. got D. kept
37. A. focus B. concentration C. attention D. regard
38. A. made B. built C. created D. developed
39. A. sets B. puts C. fixes D. rests
40. A. stronger B. lower C. deeper D. greater
41. A. ingredients B. parts C. factors D. items
42. A. intentions B. plans C. marks D. goals
43. A. against B. opposing C. contrary D. contrast

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