Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 24 views

    Act 3 Final Group 4

    Uploaded by

    Jenesis Cairo Cuaresma
    This document defines various pharmaceutical compounding and manufacturing techniques. It differentiates extemporaneous compounding, which uses traditional techniques to produce medications when commercial forms are unavailable, from drug manufacturing which is the mass production of FDA-approved drugs. Compounding techniques described include trituration to reduce particle size, levigation using a non-soluble liquid, and geometric dilution for mixing ingredients. Manufacturing techniques include repetitive, discrete, job shop, process/continuous, and process/batch production.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Act 3 Final Group 4

    Uploaded by

    Jenesis Cairo Cuaresma
    24 views2 pages
    This document defines various pharmaceutical compounding and manufacturing techniques. It differentiates extemporaneous compounding, which uses traditional techniques to produce medications when commercial forms are unavailable, from drug manufacturing which is the mass production of FDA-approved drugs. Compounding techniques described include trituration to reduce particle size, levigation using a non-soluble liquid, and geometric dilution for mixing ingredients. Manufacturing techniques include repetitive, discrete, job shop, process/continuous, and process/batch production.

    Original Title

    act-3-final-group-4

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document defines various pharmaceutical compounding and manufacturing techniques. It differentiates extemporaneous compounding, which uses traditional techniques to produce medications when commercial forms are unavailable, from drug manufacturing which is the mass production of FDA-approved drugs. Compounding techniques described include trituration to reduce particle size, levigation using a non-soluble liquid, and geometric dilution for mixing ingredients. Manufacturing techniques include repetitive, discrete, job shop, process/continuous, and process/batch production.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    24 views2 pages

    Act 3 Final Group 4

    Uploaded by

    Jenesis Cairo Cuaresma
    This document defines various pharmaceutical compounding and manufacturing techniques. It differentiates extemporaneous compounding, which uses traditional techniques to produce medications when commercial forms are unavailable, from drug manufacturing which is the mass production of FDA-approved drugs. Compounding techniques described include trituration to reduce particle size, levigation using a non-soluble liquid, and geometric dilution for mixing ingredients. Manufacturing techniques include repetitive, discrete, job shop, process/continuous, and process/batch production.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Name: Mendoza, Melchizedek Date: September 16, 2020

    Nwokolo Christian
    Gabor, Shiela Mae
    Ordinario, Virlyn
    Tugas, Jhoan Angelika
    Group No. 4 Score:

    Activity 3 COMPOUNDING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES


    I. Objectives:
    1. Differentiate extemporaneous compounding from drug manufacturing. 2. Describe various
    compounding and manufacturing techniques.

    II. Materials/Tools/Equipment:
    Printed and online references

    III. Procedure:
    A. Define the following terms:
    1. Comminute- comminution is the process of physical reduction of a substance to fine particle size,
    which makes the substance or drug easier to dissolve and compound.
    2. Decant- To pour off liquid so the sediment remains in the bottom of the container.
    3. Distill- purify (a liquid) by vaporizing it, then condensing it by cooling the vapor, and collecting the
    resulting liquid.
    4. Filter- a porous device for removing impurities or solid particles from a liquid or gas passed through
    it.
    5. Fusion- the act or process of liquefying or rendering plastic by heat
    6. Geometric dilution- when mixing a small amount of a drug with a large amount of another
    ingredient or diluent, the process of geometric dilution is used
    7. Levigation- Levigation is the process of grinding an insoluble substance to a fine powder
    8. Pulverization- the condition of reducing to fine particles, as by crushing or grinding
    9. Tumbling- Another methods of mixing the powders is tumbling and mixing the powder in a rotating
    chamber
    10. Grinding- Grinding is an abrasive machining process that uses a grinding wheel or grinder as the
    cutting tool
    11.Micronization- is define as a process of reducing the average diameter of a solid particle.
    12.Milling-used for size reduction of the granules can be divided into two primary categories based on
    the energy input into the process.
    13.Siphoning- to drain liquid from the reservoir by liquid flow that passes over a higher level than the
    liquid surface in the reservoir.
    14.Trituration- grinding a drug in a mortar to reduce its particle size is termed trituration or
    comminution.
    15.Spray drying- is a method of producing a dry powder from a liquid or slurry by rapidly drying with a
    hot gas.
    16.Lyophilization- removal of water or other solvent from a frozen solution by sublimation caused by a
    combination of temperature and pressure differentials.

    B. Differentiate extemporaneous compounding from drug manufacturing.


     Extemporaneous compounding describes the use of traditional compounding techniques to
    manipulate chemical ingredients to produce appropriate dosage forms when no commercial
    medicines form is available. While drug manufacturing or manufacturing is the mass production
    of drug products that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

    C. Enumerate and describe other compounding and manufacturing techniques employed in


    compounding and manufacture of drugs.
    1
    Employed in compounding and manufacture of drugs.

    Other compounding techniques:

    1. Trituration- is a technique used to reduce the particle size of powders. Grinding them into a fine
    powder makes them easier to mix into creams or put into capsules.
    2. Levigation- is the act of decreasing particle size of a powder by using a non-soluble liquid. In this
    technique, you need a flat compounding surface, such a glass tray, a metal spatula, and your powder,
    mineral oil, lanolin, and/or petroleum jelly.
    3. Geometric Dilution: This mixing process is used when combining two or more ingredients of varying
    quantities together to achieve a homogeneous mixture. This can be used to mix powders, creams, or
    ointments.

    Other manufacturing techniques

    1. Repetitive manufacturing- is for repeated production that commits to a production rate. Repetitive
    processing is comprised of dedicated production lines that produce the same or a paraphernalia of
    items, 24/7, all year round.
    2. Discrete manufacturing- Like repetitive manufacturing, discrete manufacturing also utilizes an
    assembly or production line. However, this process is extremely diverse, with a variation of setups and
    changeover frequencies.
    3. Job shop manufacturing- unlike repetitive or discrete manufacturing, makes use of production areas
    rather than assembly lines. This is because this process will produce smaller batches of custom
    products, which can be either made-to-order (MTO) or made-to-stock (MTS).
    4. Process manufacturing or continuous manufacturing- is similar to repetitive manufacturing as it too
    also runs 24/7. However, the difference is that this manufacturing process productions raw materials
    are gases, liquids, powders, or slurries.
    5. Process manufacturing or batch manufacturing- shares similarities with discrete and job shop
    processes. Depending on consumer demand, one batch could be enough to meet that demand. Once a
    batch is completed, the equipment is cleaned, ready to produce the next batch when needed. Batch
    processes are continuous in nature.

    IV. References:
     Dictionary
     http://medical.tpub.com/10669-c/css/Pharmaceutical-Processes-296.htm#:~:text=Comminution
    %20is%20the%20process%20of,pulverizing%2C%20trituration%2C%20and%20levitation.
     https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/decanting#:~:text=All%20rights
    %20reserved.-,decant,%C2%A9%202009%20Farlex%20and%20Partners
     https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fusion
     https://pharmlabs.unc.edu/labs/triturations/labs.htm#:~:text=When%20mixing%20a%20small
    %20amount,until%20they%20are%20well%20mixed.
     https://www.lenntech.com/chemistry/levigation.htm#:~:text=Levigation%20is%20the%20process
    %20of,a%20fine%20powder%2C%20while%20wet.&text=Further%2C%20any%20soluble
    %20impurities%20in,and%20the%20product%20thereby%20purified.
     https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/pulverization
     https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/611/grinding
     https://katanamrp.com
     https://pharmacist.com
     https://simtalkblog.com
     Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Drug Delivery Systems

    Pharmaceutics 2L / Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Manual by C. A. III, RPh

    You might also like