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    محمد عبدالكريم عابد
    This document outlines the key details of an Internal Combustion Engine course, including: - The course is taught at Tikrit University's College of Engineering Mechanical Department. - Topics covered include engine design, performance, thermodynamics, combustion analysis, and emissions. - Students will examine different engine types in lab experiments and learn about controlling emissions. - The course aims to familiarize students with IC engine fundamentals, combustion processes, and emission control methods.

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    Chapter 1-1

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    محمد عبدالكريم عابد
    39 views19 pages
    This document outlines the key details of an Internal Combustion Engine course, including: - The course is taught at Tikrit University's College of Engineering Mechanical Department. - Topics covered include engine design, performance, thermodynamics, combustion analysis, and emissions. - Students will examine different engine types in lab experiments and learn about controlling emissions. - The course aims to familiarize students with IC engine fundamentals, combustion processes, and emission control methods.

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    This document outlines the key details of an Internal Combustion Engine course, including: - The course is taught at Tikrit University's College of Engineering Mechanical Department. - Topics covered include engine design, performance, thermodynamics, combustion analysis, and emissions. - Students will examine different engine types in lab experiments and learn about controlling emissions. - The course aims to familiarize students with IC engine fundamentals, combustion processes, and emission control methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views19 pages

    Chapter 1-1

    Uploaded by

    محمد عبدالكريم عابد
    This document outlines the key details of an Internal Combustion Engine course, including: - The course is taught at Tikrit University's College of Engineering Mechanical Department. - Topics covered include engine design, performance, thermodynamics, combustion analysis, and emissions. - Students will examine different engine types in lab experiments and learn about controlling emissions. - The course aims to familiarize students with IC engine fundamentals, combustion processes, and emission control methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 19

    TIKRIT UNIVERSITY

    COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
    MECHNICAL DEPARTMENT
    INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

    Course Instructor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Khalaf I. Hamada

    Academic year: 2021-2022


    • Teaching scheme: 2 hours lecture and 1 hour tutorial per week Credits: 2 per Semester
    • Course description: This course studies the fundamentals of how the design and operation of internal
    combustion engines affect their performance, operation, fuel requirements, and environmental impact. Topics
    include fluid flow, thermodynamics, combustion, heat transfer and friction phenomena, and fuel properties, with
    reference to engine power, efficiency, and emissions. Students examine the design features and operating
    characteristics of different types of internal combustion engines: spark-ignition, compression-ignition, four-
    stroke, and two-stroke engines. Class includes lab experiments in the IC Engines Laboratory.
    • Objective:
    • To get familiar with the fundamentals of IC engines, construction and working principle of an engine, and testing
    of an engine for analysing its performance.;
    • To study the combustion and its controlling factors in order to design efficient engine;
    • To study emissions from IC engines and its controlling methods, various emission norms.
    • Course Assessment and Grading Policy:

    Term Tests (at least two tests Quizzes, Homework and


    Laboratory Final Exam
    per semester) Assignments

    20% 15% 15% 50%


    Course Syllabus: Notes that these are for whole academic year
    Chapter One: Basic Definitions, Components and Classifications of ICEs
    Chapter Two: Engine Design and Performance Parameters
    Chapter Three: Air Standard Cycles and their Analysis
    Chapter Four: Fuel Air and Actual Cycles and their Analyses
    Chapter Five: Fuel Chemistry and Combustion Analysis
    Chapter Six: Internal Combustion Engine Systems
    Chapter Seven: Combustion in SI and CI Engines
    Chapter Eight: Engine Testing and Basic Measurement
    Chapter Nine: Engine Power Boosting (Super- and Turbo-charging)
    Chapter Ten: Air Pollution & Emission Control
    TEXT BOOK: Heywood, J. B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill,
    1988. ISBN: 9780070286375.
    Chapter One
    Basic Definitions, Components and Classifications of ICEs
    What happen in Heat Engine?
    The working fluid is separate from combustion products

    External Combustion Engine (Steam power plant)

    The working fluid is the combustion products itself


    Internal Combustion Engines (Gas power plant)
    Heat engines also may be classified based on:
     Type of combustion process: (1) Intermittent (2) Continuous

     Type of internal motion: (1) Reciprocating (2) Rotating


     Bore, B: The diameter of the engine cylinder L

    𝑙
    s

    Maximum displacement, or swept, volume (Vd or Vs) :


    B 2
    Vd  L
    4

    Compression ratio, (Vr or r) : VBC Vc  Vd


    r  
    VTC Vc
    Classification of IC Engines: May be classified the IC engine based on:
    (1) Based on Method of Ignition
     Spark Ignition (SI) Engine: is an IC engine, generally a petrol engine, where the combustion process of the
    air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark from a spark plug.
     Compression Ignition (CI) Engine: is an IC engine, typically diesel engines, where the heat generated
    from compression together with the injection of fuel is enough to initiate
    the combustion process, without needing any external spark.

    A Spark Ignition (SI) Engine


    A Compression Ignition (CI) Engine
    (2) Based on Working Cycle
     Four Stroke Engine: is a type of IC engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while
    turning the crankshaft two revolution during one power cycle. A stroke refers to the
    full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction.
     Two Stroke Engine: is a type of IC engine that completes a power cycle with two strokes (up and down
    movements) of the piston during one power cycle, this power cycle being completed in
    one revolution of the crankshaft.

    A Four-Stroke Engine
    A Two-Stroke Engine
    (3) Based on Design
     Reciprocating Engine: is typically a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to
    convert pressure inside the cylinder into a rotating motion. Cylinders may be
    aligned in line (or straight), in a V configuration, horizontally opposite each other,
    or radially around the crankshaft.
     Rotary Engine: is a type of IC piston engine used in some early aircraft, motorcycles, and cars. Virtually
    the whole engine rotates about a fixed crankshaft. It also includes other engines
    described as "rotary", such as Wankel engine , Turbine … etc.

    In-line (Straight) Engine Radially Engine Gas Turbine Engine Wankel Engine
    (4) Based on Charging Method
     Naturally Aspirated (NA) Engine: is an IC engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric
    pressure and does not have forced induction through a turbocharger or
    a supercharger.
     Supercharged and Turbocharged is a type of IC engine that supercharged (admitting pre-compressed
    Engine: fresh mixture) mechanically, and turbocharged (admitting fresh mixture
    compressed in a compressor driven by an exhaust turbine)
     Crankcase Compressed Engine: is a type of IC engine that compressed the mixture charge in
    a sealed crankcase by the descending piston before passing to
    the combustion chamber.

    NA Engine Turbocharged Engine Supercharged Engine Crankcase


    Compressed Engine
    Classification of IC Engines: Another classification of IC engine are:
    Port timing diagram of Two-Stroke Engine
    4-Stroke Compression Ignition Engine
    Advantages of CI Engine
    Compare to SI Engine
    Valve timing diagram of Four-Stroke Engine
     The exact moment at which the inlet and outlet valve opens and closes with reference to the position
    of the piston and crank shown diagrammatically is known as valve timing diagram.
     It is expressed in terms of degree crank angle. Valve overlap: is the period during engine operation when both
    intake and exhaust valves are open at the same time.
     The theoretical and actual valve timing diagrams are shown below.
     Actual valve timing diagram is different from theoretical one due to mechanical and dynamic factors.

    Theoretical valve timing


    Actual valve timing diagram of 4-Stroke Engine diagram of 4-Stroke Engine

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