Examination paper

Question 1: Charter Engineer Using suitable examples discuss:

(a) The benefits for employees to be chartered engineers

Employees can be recognized as competent engineers and professionals.

An employee long -term earning potential is improved with time.

An employee has more exposure to other new career opportunities.

One can benefit from being recognized internationally qualified engineer.

An employee has an opportunity of building new relationships worldwide.

(b). How companies benefit from employees being a member of a professional

body like the IET.

There are several benefits associated with an employee being a member of IET to the

company such as:

There is an enhanced reputation of the company. This is achieved through the

competence of the employee and the company can acquire new technologies that can boost

the productivity of the company.

Professional recognition. Having employees from IET raise the profile and

recognition of the company. This is because the employees come from a recognized body

known worldwide and with experts. The company also enjoys the advantage of great sales of

clients from global parts.

Career development. The company enjoys the benefits its employees gain from the

body like a benevolent funds, publications discounts, reward schemes, and opportunities for
employees to join technical and local networks. The professional body may also offer training

courses that are essential for jobs related to a particular industry or organization.

Network opportunities. A company will be able to have regional and international

professional developments that employees attend. This is very useful in making channels and

markets for the company products. The employees can also gain new knowledge that can

help the company. There are also research opportunities and new networks for the company.

Company wins more work. This is achieved by proofing that all the employees in

your company have the competence to achieve the desired goals. The body also provides

safety and ethics that employees follow during the work and this gives absolute assurance to

the client by offering the tender.

Question 2: Waste management / Lean Management a) Using suitable examples

or references, explain:

(i) The meaning of waste management?

Waste management is the combination of actions of collecting and transporting waste

materials as well as activities of processing, recycling, and monitoring those waste materials

(Solo Team 2019). They are mainly actions meant to manage waste disposals. It prevents

businesses and the surrounding environment from harm that may be caused by waste

materials.

(ii) The meaning of lean management?

The term was derived by Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo from the Toyota

Production Systems. The term is defined as an approach to running a company that promotes

the idea of continuous improvement. It seeks to have systematic small achievements and

incremental changes in production to improve its efficiency and quality.

management?

Waste management aims at eliminating waste through techniques such as recycling

while lean management aims at ensuring the production does not have waste like lean supply

chain (Nightingale 2015).

Both management processes focus on ensuring profitability in the company since no

waste of time, labor, and materials, for example, reduction and reuse process.

They both have value-added activities since one improves the efficiency of production

while the other eliminates waste materials by recycling.

Lean management is a continuous improvement of processes while waste

management may change the culture of a company to increase production.

Lean managements ensure goals are achieved faster and cheaper in a better way while

waste management processes waste to boost the lean process.

An example of lean management is the lean supply chain while waste management

activities include composting, landfills, fermentations, and land application.

Question 3: Health and Safety

Using suitable examples or references, explain how a health and safety culture

can be promoted in an organization?

Health and safety culture in an organization is meant to ensure employees can have

positive thoughts towards production, focus on long term measures, and quick safety issues.

For future growth of an organization, senior managers are advised to have changed and

promote health and safety culture through the following tips:

achieving good health and safety culture. This should start with the top management of an

organization. This is through following organization rules, for example, when everyone in a

factory is supposed to wear a high visibility vest during the work, this should also apply to

managers and top officials when visiting the site too. This visit should be useful in such way

management understands the hazards the other co-workers face daily. Again, also checking if

the level of training is worthy of what they are doing. Management should also listen to any

constructive criticism concerning health and safety, where follow-up and actions on the same

should be taken according to the rules. Promoting a health and safety culture also requires

time and money. This is during training and maintaining certain equipment in the

organization. Sufficient time for completing a task for workers is another essential element,

this will ensure workers don’t take unsafe shortcuts and by doing so sensible fake mistakes

are reduced.

Another way to promote health and safety is through the organization keeping its

promises. This will promote trust between the managers and employees, which is a very vital

element in promoting a health and safety culture. When an organization promises to do

something, it’s good to ensure they have done it and also to keep informing the other workers

on the progress. This is when the promise is meant for long term commitment and more

complex. Promises that are realistic in the first case are essential for an organization. The

management should understand well between lip service and genuine commitments.

Organization involving workers during health and safety matters is also very essential

in building the culture. Legally management has to consult employees on the issue of health

and safety. For example, through risk assessment and production. This will ensure

management has gone further to ensure health and safety culture. Additionally, the

introduction of a safety committee may help an organization too. There are also applicable
tools such as behavior safety audits, suggestion schemes, and a target-based donation that can

effectively improve interest in health and safety for employees.

Organization by ensuring good communication between the management and

employees is also a key vital element to promote health and safety culture. Clear and concise

communication is essential to avoid misunderstanding. Depending on the message to be

conveyed its right to consider the method to use. For example, when problems arise in an

organization, managers should conduct question and answer sessions to avoid any rumors

that may arise in an organization. When new initiatives have implemented the use of written

communication is essential for back up and reference to the workers. Establishing ways for

workers when giving feedback is a good communication way. For example, an open-door

policy is somehow a better feedback method. Management should also have an open mind to

avoid putting a blame culture and respect any arising confidentiality issue that arises.

Question 4: Sustainable Development

Using a model seen in class, critically assess the contradiction between energy

and suitable development. Your argument must be supported by suitable examples or

references.

Sustainable energy is a type of energy produced and used in a manner that best suits

the present needs without necessarily compromising future generation’s ability to meet their

needs. Generally, most of the renewable energy sources are considered to be sustainable such

as solar, hydroelectric energy, and wind. Contrary sustainable development is a development

organizing principle that can sustain natural systems by providing ecosystem services and

natural resources dependent on the economy of the society. Sustainable development goals

seek to address global challenges such as climate changes, peace, and justice, inequality, and

poverty.
 Provision of sustainable energy to a human living in the 21st century is viewed as the

most challenging aspect of the energy transition. According to Muon (2019), he reports that

about 13% of the world’s population lack access to electricity which a stable energy source in

human life. Sustainable energy i.e., electricity brings about life sustenance in various

industrial productions and house energy consumption and usage. In most developed countries

the government has made much effort to ensure availability of the sustainable source of

energy for the betterment of their citizens. This is contrary to third world countries where

poverty and inequality face the best stake in the country. A sustainable source of energy is

made available to those who can afford and the rest are to sort themselves out. This brings

about a state of imbalance and underdevelopment to the third world countries.

Third world countries have seen a sluggish development pattern and much

dependence from the already developed countries. This forces the country to experience low

sustainable development adjustments for the entire nation causing a contradiction to the

developed countries where they move vast to the changing world dynamics since they can put

up with the advancements and access to reliable energy sources.

Sustainable developments in third world countries occur much slower due to poor

provision of sustainable energy. Most people in the third world country depend on regular

sources of energy such as charcoal and firewood for cooking. This source leads to the release

of harmful waste hair pollution that causes a global challenge in the climate tenure. The

longer the usage and poor energy reliance the higher the comptonization of the development

(Maroon, 2019).

The provision of reliable and sustainable energy helps to improve the standards of

development of human life. Sustainable energy helps to create new market routes and

connections internally and externally that helps to mound a new network grip for jobs and job
ideas such as welding, movie shop, etc. with this advancement human living standards are

promoted eradicating the global poverty challenge for sustainable development within the

nation.

Question 5: Management Systems

Using a management system of your choice with associated references or

examples, discuss the need for an international standard to be reviewed periodically.

International standards are developed and organized by ISO. They are developed by

member bodies from different countries together with the international technical committee.

International standards are meant to have technical specifications that ensure products,

processes, systems, services, and materials fit for their planned purposes. International

standards are reviewed periodically to fit with the latest technologies and new market trends.

For the case of the quality management system, the international standards should be changed

for different purposes as discussed.

Technological changes have led the quality manual systems to be automated. This

forces international standards to be improved to meet the requirements of quality products

and services. For example, the produced goods and services should become efficient and

safer to use. Again, international standards are changed periodically to meet market trends.

As evident in the quality management systems new procedures and production processes

have emerged that are faster and effective to achieve the desired goals. For example, a food

safety management policy is meant to ensure foodstuffs have the best quality and safe for

human consumption.

Government policies have also facilitated changes in international standards. Some

new governments may be formed within a certain period and this pushes new formation of

standards. In the case of a quality management system, which ensures the engagement of
people from all parts of the world may be affected when the new government is formed in a

country. This may in turn affect them to defy the international standards. This affects the

specifications that are held by different countries. Market trends of new security information

systems where they differ from the old ones to automated systems may also lead to a review

of these standards. For the case of a quality management system to meet customers requires

the new markets trends have to be automated in the organization’s structure.

New health and safety cultures may also influence the international standards to be

reviewed. Since quality management systems aim at providing quality products and services,

there must be health and safety measures that protect the entire organization. Due to some

changes, these policies may differ in one way or the other and this forces international

standards to be reviewed to meet the quality requirements needed. Besides, compliances of

safety standards for the production of international products like toys for kids may change

within a certain country. Due to quality production changes, this will push new changes in the

international standards. Generally, the main factors that lead international standards to be

reviewed are technological changes and new market trends in different member states.
 References
Maroon, K. (2019). Energy for sustainable development: A case of developing

countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(2), 1116-1126.

Muon, L. (2019). A cultural model of household energy consumption. Energy, 17(1), 47-60.

Nightingale, G (2015). Lean construction: From theory to implementation. Journal of

management in engineering, 22(4), 168-175.

Solo Team (2019). Hazardous waste management. In Introduction to environmental health.