IAL Bio Unit2 Jan 2020
IAL Bio Unit2 Jan 2020
IAL Bio Unit2 Jan 2020
Biology
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Unit 2: Cells, Development, Biodiversity and
Conservation
You must have: Total Marks
Scientific calculator, ruler, HB pencil
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where
appropriate.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• toIn questions marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability
structure your answer logically, showing how the points that you make are
related or follow on from each other where appropriate.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
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©2020 Pearson Education Ltd.
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Answer ALL questions.
W X
V
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(ii) Which labelled structure enables this cell to adhere to other bacterial cells
in conjugation?
(1)
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A V
B X
C Y
D Z
(iii) State how ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are different from those in eukaryotic cells.
(1)
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2 The diagram shows three structures that form after the fertilisation of an egg cell.
fertilisation
zygote
Structure A
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(a) Explain why the cells in the morula are genetically identical.
(2)
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(ii) Stem cells can be used as a medical treatment when a patient has had a
severe heart attack.
A severe heart attack can cause the death of heart muscle cells.
The medical treatment involves injecting stem cells into damaged areas of the
heart muscle.
Suggest why injecting pluripotent stem cells may benefit a person who has
had a severe heart attack.
(2)
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3 Some of the characteristics of an organism are due to polygenic inheritance.
(a) The photograph shows some Chinese white kidney beans.
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C
B
A
D
Number of beans Number of beans Number of beans Number of beans
Mass
Mass
Mass
Mass
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(ii) Which of the following graphs represents the distribution of mass of these beans?
(1)
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(b) The inheritance of height is another example of polygenic inheritance.
It is possible to predict how tall children could become when they reach adulthood.
(ii) Explain why their daughter may not grow to be this height.
(3)
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4 Tendrils are produced by climbing plants, such as pea plants.
The photograph shows the tendrils on a growing pea shoot.
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leaf
tendrils
(a) A student investigated the mitotic index of cells in the tips of tendrils.
Acetic orcein stain was added to the tissues from the tips of the tendrils.
(i) Give one reason why the cells were stained in this investigation.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) The photograph shows these cells, as seen using a light microscope.
P
S
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(iii) The table shows the results of this investigation.
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Answer ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(c) Pea plants produce flowers.
Some cells in the flowers undergo meiosis.
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5 The photograph shows a Madagascan pygmy kingfisher (Ceyx madagascariensis).
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(a) (i) State what is meant by the term endemic with reference to this kingfisher.
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(1)
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(b) A scientist recently collected new data about the classification of kingfishers,
using molecular evidence.
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*(ii) Explain how molecular evidence led to the reclassification of species and how the
scientific community would have reviewed the evidence before it was accepted.
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Use the information in the photograph and the diagrams to support your answer.
(6)
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6 The photograph shows kenaf plants growing on a farm in Nigeria.
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Label the diagram to show the position of the xylem and the phloem.
(1)
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(b) When a plant is not given sufficient water for a period of time, it develops water stress.
In an investigation, three rows of kenaf plants were grown in separate containers
Plants given 100 cm3 of water every day for 1 month and then 10 cm3 of
Row 2
water every day
The table shows the means and standard deviations of the measurements of the
fibres extracted from the plants at the end of this investigation.
(i) Calculate the percentage decrease in the mean diameter of the fibres from
plants in row 2 compared with those from plants in row 1.
(3)
Answer .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %
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(ii) Comment on the results of this investigation.
Use the information in the table to support your answer.
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(4)
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(c) The walls of xylem vessels contain cellulose.
Which of the following shows the structure of part of a cellulose molecule?
HO HO HO HO
O O O O
OH OH OH OH
A O O O O O
HO HO HO HO
CH2OH H OH CH2OH H OH
H O H H O H
O O
H OH H H OH H
B OH H H OH H H
H H O H H O
O O
H OH CH2OH H OH CH2OH
HO HO HO HO HO
CH2OH H OH CH2OH H OH
H O H H O H
O O
H OH H H OH H
OH H H OH H H
H H O H H O
O O
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H CH2OH H OH CH2OH
D O
CH2OH OH CH2OH H OH
H O H H O H
O O
H OH H H OH H
OH H H OH H H
H H O H H O
O O
H OH CH2OH H OH CH2OH
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(d) Explain how xylem vessels are adapted for support and transport.
(4)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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7 Insulin is a protein produced in beta cells in the pancreas.
Ribosomes are involved in the production of insulin.
Q
R
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(ii) The structures labelled T and U are the same type of organelle.
Suggest why these structures look different in this photograph.
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(2)
Answer ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) Describe how the protein insulin is transported from the ribosomes and then
secreted by a beta cell.
(5)
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(c) Explain why beta cells can produce insulin but other cells in the pancreas do not.
(5)
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8 The photograph shows a river and mangrove trees in Bhitarkanika National Park in India.
(a) (i) The biodiversity of this area of Bhitarkanika National Park could be measured
by calculating species richness.
(ii) Describe one other way in which the biodiversity of this area of
Bhitarkanika National Park could be measured.
(2)
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(b) Saltwater crocodiles are found in the rivers in this area.
The numbers of this endangered species have decreased over the past 40 years.
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(c) Scientists are involved in conservation projects to increase the numbers of
endangered saltwater crocodiles, without causing a reduction in the genetic
diversity of future populations.
90
80
70
60
30
20
10
0
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Incubation temperature / °C
(i) Calculate the number of female crocodiles that would develop from 350 eggs
incubated at 32 °C.
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(2)
Answer ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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*(ii) Explain how this project could increase the number of crocodiles rapidly, without
reducing the genetic diversity of future populations in Bhitarkanika National Park.
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
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