Ajp Notes Chapter 02

Chapter 02 Tour of Swing
Chapter 02
The Tour of Swing
Contents:
2.1 Japplet
Icons and Labels
Text Fields
Buttons
Combo Boxes
Checkboxes
Tabbed Panes
Scroll Panes
2.2 Trees
Tables
Exploring the Swings
Advanced Java Programming -1-

Introduction
Swing is a set of classes this provides more powerful and flexible

components than are possible with the AWT. In addition to the familiar
components, such as buttons, check boxes, and labels, Swing supplies several
exciting additions, including tabbed panes, scroll panes, trees, and tables. Even
familiar components such as buttons have more capabilities in Swing. For
example, a button may have both an image and a text string associated with it.
Also, the image can be changed as the state of the button changes.
Unlike AWT components, Swing components are not implemented by
platform-specific code. Instead, they are written entirely in Java and, therefore,
are platform-independent. The term lightweight is used to describe such
elements. The number of classes and interfaces in the Swing packages is
substantial. Swing is the set of packages built on top of the AWT that provide
us with a great number of pre-built classes that is, over 250 classes and 40 UI
components.
Object java.lang
Component
Container
java.awt
MenuContainer Window
Interface
Frame
JFrame javax.swing
The Swing component classes that are shown below:
Class Description
AbstractButton Abstract super-class for Swing buttons.
ButtonGroup Encapsulates a mutually exclusive set of buttons.
ImageIcon Encapsulates an icon.
JApplet The Swing version of Applet.
JButton The Swing push button class.
JCheckBox The Swing check box class.

JComboBox Encapsulates a combo box (a combination of a drop-

down list and text field).
JLabel The Swing version of a label.
JRadioButton The Swing version of a radio button.
JScrollPane Encapsulates a scrollable window.
JTabbedPane Encapsulates a tabbed window.
JTable Encapsulates a table-based control.
JTextField The Swing version of a text field.
JTree Encapsulates a tree-based control.
The Swing-related classes are contained in javax.swing and its

subpackages, such as javax.swing.tree.
Object java.lang
Component
Container
JComponent
Window
Frame JApplet JPanel JFrame
JFrame
The Swing family tree (Ref. No. 2)
Swing Features (Ref. No. 2)
Besides the large array of components in Swing and the fact that they are
lightweight, Swing introduces many other innovations.
2.2.1 Borders
We can draw borders in many different styles around components
using the setborder( ) method.
2.2.2 Graphics Debugging

We can use setDebuggingGraphicsOptions method to set up

graphics debugging which means among the other things, that you can
watch each line as its drawn and make it flash.
2.2.3 Easy mouseless operation

It is easy to connect keystrokes to components.
2.2.4 Tooltips
We can use the setToolTipText method of JComponent to give
components a tooltip, one of those small windows that appear when
the mouse hovers over a component and gives explanatory text.
2.2.5 Easy Scrolling

We can connect scrolling to various components-something that
was impossible in AWT.
2.2.6 Pluggable look and feel

We can set the appearance of applets and applications to one of
three standard looks. Windows, Motif (Unix) or Metal (Standard
swing look).
2.2.7 New Layout Managers

Swing introduces the BoxLayout and OverlayLayout layout
managers.
One of the differences between the AWT and Swing is that, when we
redraw items on the screen of AWT, the update method is called first to redraw
the item‟s background and programmers often override update method to just
call the paint method directly to avoid flickering. In Swing, on the other hand
the update method does not redraw the item‟s background because
components can be transparent; instead update just calls paint method
directly.
JApplet
Fundamental to Swing is the JApplet class, which extends Applet. Applets

that use Swing must be subclasses of JApplet. JApplet is rich with functionality
that is not found in Applet. For example, JApplet supports various “panes,” such
as the content pane, the glass pane, and the root pane.
When adding a component to an instance of JApplet, do not invoke the
add( ) method of the applet. Instead, call add( ) for the content pane of the
JApplet object. The content pane can be obtained via the method shown here:
Container getContentPane( )

The add( ) method of Container can be used to add a component to a

content pane. Its form is shown here:
void add(comp)
Here, comp is the component to be added to the content pane.
Icons and Labels
In Swing, icons are encapsulated by the ImageIcon class, which paints an

icon from an image. Two of its constructors are shown here:
ImageIcon(String filename)
ImageIcon(URL url)
The first form uses the image in the file named filename. The second
form uses the image in the resource identified by url. The ImageIcon class
implements the Icon interface that declares the methods shown here:
Method Description
int getIconHeight( ) Returns the height of the icon in pixels.
int getIconWidth( ) Returns the width of the icon in pixels.
void paintIcon(Component comp, Graphics g, int x, int y)
Paints the icon at position x,y on the graphics context g.
Additional information about the paint operation can be
provided in comp.
Swing labels are instances of the JLabel class, which extends

JComponent. It can display text and/or an icon. Some of its constructors are
shown here:
JLabel(Icon i)
Label(String s)
JLabel(String s, Icon i, int align)
Here, s and i are the text and icon used for the label. The align argument
is either LEFT, RIGHT,CENTER, LEADING, or TRAILING. These constants are
defined in the SwingConstants interface, along with several others used by the
Swing classes. The icon and text associated with the label can be read and
written by the following methods:
Icon getIcon( )
String getText( )
void setIcon(Icon i)
void setText(String s)

Here, i and s are the icon and text, respectively. The following example
illustrates how to create and display a label containing both an icon and a
string. The applet begins by getting its content pane. Next, an ImageIcon
object is created for the file IC.jpg. This is used as the second argument to the
JLabel constructor. The first and last arguments for the JLabel constructor are
the label text and the alignment. Finally, the label is added to the content pane.
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/* <applet code="JLabelDemo" width=250 height=150> </applet> */
public class JLabelDemo extends JApplet
{
public void init()
{
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon("IC.jpg");
JLabel jl = new JLabel("IC", ii, JLabel.CENTER);
contentPane.add(jl);
}
}
Text Fields
The Swing text field is encapsulated by the JTextComponent class, which

extends JComponent. It provides functionality that is common to Swing text
components. One of its subclasses is JTextField, which allows us to edit one line
of text. Some of its constructors are shown here:
JTextField( )
JTextField(int cols)
JTextField(String s, int cols)
JTextField(String s)

Here, s is the string to be presented, and cols is the number of columns

in the text field. The following example illustrates how to create a text field. The
applet begins by getting its content pane, and then a flow layout is assigned as
its layout manager. Next, a JTextField object is created and is added to the
content pane.
import java.awt.*;
/*
<applet code="JTextFieldDemo" width=300 height=50>
</applet>
*/
public class JTextFieldDemo extends JApplet
{
JTextField jtf;
public void init()
{
contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
jtf = new JTextField(15);
contentPane.add(jtf);
}
}
Buttons
Swing buttons provide features that are not found in the Button class
defined by the AWT. For example, we can associate an icon with a Swing
button. Swing buttons are subclasses of the AbstractButton class, which
extends JComponent. AbstractButton contains many methods that allow us to
control the behavior of buttons, check box and radio buttons. For example, we
can define different icons that are displayed for the component when it is
disabled, pressed, or selected. Another icon can be used as rollover icon, which
is displayed when the mouse is positioned over that component. The following
are the methods that control this behavior:
void setDisabledIcon(Icon di)

void setPressedIcon(Icon pi)
void setSelectedIcon(Icon si)

void setRolloverIcon(Icon ri)
Here, di, pi, si, and ri are the icons to be used for these different
conditions. The text associated with a button can be read and written via the
following methods:
String getText( )
void setText(String s)
Here, s is the text to be associated with the button.

Concrete subclasses of AbstractButton generate action events when they
are pressed. Listeners register and un-register for these events via the methods
shown here:
void addActionListener(ActionListener al)

void removeActionListener(ActionListener al)
Here, al is the action listener. AbstractButton is a superclass for push

buttons, check boxes, and radio buttons.
JButton Class
The JButton class provides the functionality of a push button. JButton

allows an icon string, or both to be associated with the push button. Some of its
constructors are shown here:
JButton(Icon i)
JButton(String s)
JButton(String s, Icon i)
Here, s and i are the string and icon used for the button. The following
example displays four push buttons and a text field. Each button displays an
icon that represents the flag of a country. When a button is pressed, the name
of that country is displayed in the text field. The applet begins by getting its
content pane and setting the layout manager of that pane. Four image buttons
are created and added to the content pane. Next, the applet is registered to
receive action events that are generated by the buttons. A text field is then
created and added to the applet. Finally, a handler for action events displays
the command string that is associated with the button. The text field is used to
present this string.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
/*
<applet code="JButtonDemo" width=250 height=300>

</applet>
*/
public class JButtonDemo extends JApplet
implements ActionListener
{
JTextField jtf;
public void init()
{
ImageIcon france = new ImageIcon("green.jpg");
JButton jb = new JButton(france);
jb.setActionCommand("Green");
jb.addActionListener(this);
contentPane.add(jb);
ImageIcon germany = new ImageIcon("red.jpg");
jb = new JButton(germany);
jb.setActionCommand("Red");
ImageIcon italy = new ImageIcon("yellow.jpg");
jb = new JButton(italy);
jb.setActionCommand("Yellow");
ImageIcon japan = new ImageIcon("black.jpg");
jb = new JButton(japan);
jb.setActionCommand("Black");
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
jtf.setText(ae.getActionCommand());
}
}

Check Boxes
The JCheckBox class, which provides the functionality of a check box, is

a concrete implementation of AbstractButton. It is immediate super-class is
JToggleButton, which provides support for two-state buttons. Some of
its constructors are shown here:
JCheckBox(Icon i)
JCheckBox(Icon i, boolean state)
JCheckBox(String s)
JCheckBox(String s, boolean state)
JCheckBox(String s, Icon i)
JCheckBox(String s, Icon i, boolean state)
Here, i is the icon for the button. The text is specified by s. If state is
true, the check box is initially selected. Otherwise, it is not. The state of the
check box can be changed via the following method:
void setSelected(boolean state)
Here, state is true if the check box should be checked. The following
example illustrates how to create an applet that displays four check boxes and
a text field. When a check box is pressed, its text is displayed in the text field
the content pane for the JApplet object is obtained, and a flow layout is
assigned as its layout manager. Next, four check boxes are added to the
Advanced Java Programming - 10 -

content pane, and icons are assigned for the normal, rollover, and selected
states. The applet is then registered to receive item events. Finally, a text field
is added to the content pane. When a check box is selected or deselected, an
item event is generated. This is handled by itemStateChanged( ). Inside
itemStateChanged( ), the getItem( ) method gets the JCheckBox object that
generated the event. The getText( ) method gets the tex for that check box and
uses it to set the text inside the text field.
import java.awt.*;
/*
<applet code="JCheckBoxDemo" width=400 height=50>
</applet>
*/
public class JCheckBoxDemo extends JApplet
implements ItemListener
{
JTextField jtf;
public void init()
{
JCheckBox cb = new JCheckBox("C", true);
cb.addItemListener(this);
contentPane.add(cb);
cb = new JCheckBox("C++", false);
cb = new JCheckBox("Java", false);
cb = new JCheckBox("Perl", false);
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie)
{
JCheckBox cb = (JCheckBox)ie.getItem();
jtf.setText(cb.getText());
}
}

Radio Buttons
Radio buttons are supported by the JRadioButton class, which is a

concrete implementation of AbstractButton. Its immediate super-class is
JToggleButton, which provides support for two-state buttons. Some of its
constructors are shown here:
JRadioButton(Icon i)
JRadioButton(Icon i, boolean state)
JRadioButton(String s)
JRadioButton(String s, boolean state)
JRadioButton(String s, Icon i)
JRadioButton(String s, Icon i, boolean state)
Here, i is the icon for the button. The text is specified by s. If state istrue,
the button is initially selected. Otherwise, it is not. Radio buttons must be
configured into a group. Only one of the buttons in that group can be selected
at any time. For example, if a user presses a radio button that is in a group,
any previously selected button in that group is automatically deselected.
The ButtonGroup class is instantiated to create a button group. Its default
constructor is invoked for this purpose. Elements are then added to the button
group via the following method:
void add(AbstractButton ab)
Here, ab is a reference to the button to be added to the group. The

following example illustrates how to use radio buttons. Three radio buttons and
one text field are created. When a radio button is pressed, its text is displayed
in the text field. First, the content pane for the JApplet object is obtained and a
flow layout is assigned as its layout manager. Next, three radio buttons are
added to the content pane. Then, a button group is defined and the buttons are
added to it. Finally, a text field is added to the content pane.
Radio button presses generate action events that are handled by
actionPerformed(). The getActionCommand() method gets the text that is
associated with a radio button and uses it to set the text field.
import java.awt.*;

/*
<applet code="JRadioButtonDemo" width=300 height=50>
</applet>
*/
public class JRadioButtonDemo extends JApplet
implements ActionListener
{
JTextField tf;
public void init()
{
JRadioButton b1 = new JRadioButton("A");

b1.addActionListener(this);
contentPane.add(b1);
JRadioButton b2 = new JRadioButton("B");

JRadioButton b3 = new JRadioButton("C");

ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();

bg.add(b1);
bg.add(b2);
bg.add(b3);
tf = new JTextField(5);
contentPane.add(tf);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
tf.setText(ae.getActionCommand());
}
}

Combo Boxes
Swing provides a combo box (a combination of a text field and a drop-

down list) through the JComboBox class, which extends JComponent. A combo
box normally displays one entry. However, it can also display a drop-down list
that allows a user to select a different entry. We can also type our selection into
the text field. Two of JComboBox‟s constructors are shown here:
JComboBox( )
JComboBox(Vector v)
JComboBox(Objects obj[])
Here, v is a vector that initializes the combo box and obj is the array of
objects. Items are added to the list of choices via the addItem( ) method,
whose signature is shown here:
void addItem(Object obj)
Here, obj is the object to be added to the combo box.
Important Methods:
public void setEditable(boolean aFlag)

It determines whether the JComboBox field is editable or not?
public boolean isEditable()

It returns true if the JComboBox is editable. By default, a combo box is
not editable.
public void setMaximumRowCount(int count)

It sets the maximum number of rows the JComboBox displays. If the
number of objects in the model is greater than „count‟, the combo box uses a
scrollbar.
public void setSelectedItem(Object anObject)

It sets the selected item in the combo box display area to the object in
the argument. If anObject is in the list, the display area shows anObject
selected.
public void insertItemAt(Object anObject, int index)

It inserts an item „anObject‟ into the item list at a given „index‟.
public void removeItem(Object anObject)

It removes an item „anObject‟ from the item list.

public void removeItemAt(int anIndex)

It removes the item at „anIndex‟.
The following example contains a combo box and a label. The label
displays an icon. The combo box contains entries for colors Green, Red, Yellow
and Black. When a country is selected, the label is updated to display the color
for that particular color. Color jpeg images are already stored in the current
directory.
import java.awt.*;
/*
<applet code="JComboBoxDemo" width=300 height=100>
</applet>
*/
public class JComboBoxDemo extends JApplet
implements ItemListener
{
JLabel jl;
ImageIcon green, red, black, yellow;
public void init()
{
JComboBox jc = new JComboBox();
jc.addItem("Green");
jc.addItem("Red");
jc.addItem("Black");
jc.addItem("Yellow");
jc.addItemListener(this);
contentPane.add(jc);
jl = new JLabel(new ImageIcon("green.jpg"));
contentPane.add(jl);
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie)
{
String s = (String)ie.getItem();
jl.setIcon(new ImageIcon(s + ".jpg"));
}
}

Tabbed Panes
A tabbed pane is a component that appears as a group of folders in a file

cabinet. Each folder has a title. When a user selects a folder, its contents
become visible. Only one of the folders may be selected at a time. Tabbed
panes are commonly used for setting configuration options.
Tabbed panes are encapsulated by the JTabbedPane class, which extends
JComponent. There are three constructors of JTabbedPane.
JTabbedPane()
JTabbedPane(int tabPlacement)
JTabbedPane(int tabPlacement, int tabLayoutPolicy)
The first form creates an empty TabbedPane with a default tab placement
of JTabbedPane.TOP. Second form creates an empty TabbedPane with the
specified tab placement of any of the following:
JTabbedPane.TOP
JTabbedPane.BOTTOM
JTabbedPane.LEFT
JTabbedPane.RIGHT
The third form of constructor creates an empty TabbedPane with the

specified tab placement and tab layout policy. Tab placements are listed above.
Tab layout policy may be either of the following:
JTabbedPane.WRAP_TAB_LAYOUT
JTabbedPane.SCROLL_TAB_LAYOUT
Wrap tab policy

Scroll Tab Policy
Tabs are defined via the following method:
void addTab(String str, Component comp)
Here, str is the title for the tab, and comp is the component that should
be added to the tab. Typically, a JPanel or a subclass of it is added. The general
procedure to use a tabbed pane in an applet is outlined here:
1. Create a JTabbedPane object.
2. Call addTab( ) to add a tab to the pane. (The arguments to this method
define the title of the tab and the component it contains.)
3. Repeat step 2 for each tab.
4. Add the tabbed pane to the content pane of the applet.
Create a JTabbedPane Object
Call addTab( ) method to add tabs on the

pane
Repeat above step for each tab
Add tabbed pane to the content pane of

applet
The following example illustrates how to create a tabbed pane. The first
tab is titled Languages and contains four buttons. Each button displays the
name of a language. The second tab is titled Colors and contains three check
boxes. Each check box displays the name of a color. The third tab is titled
Flavors and contains one combo box. This enables the user to select one of
three flavors.
/*
<applet code="JTabbedPaneDemo" width=400 height=100>
</applet>
*/

public class JTabbedPaneDemo extends JApplet

{
public void init()
{
JTabbedPane jtp = new JTabbedPane();
jtp.addTab("Languages", new LangPanel());
jtp.addTab("Colors", new ColorsPanel());
jtp.addTab("Flavors", new FlavorsPanel());
getContentPane().add(jtp);
}
}
class LangPanel extends JPanel
{
public LangPanel()
{
JButton b1 = new JButton("Marathi");
add(b1);
JButton b2 = new JButton("Hindi");
add(b2);
JButton b3 = new JButton("Bengali");
add(b3);
JButton b4 = new JButton("Tamil");
add(b4);
}
}
class ColorsPanel extends JPanel
{
public ColorsPanel()
{
JCheckBox cb1 = new JCheckBox("Red");
add(cb1);
JCheckBox cb2 = new JCheckBox("Green");
add(cb2);
JCheckBox cb3 = new JCheckBox("Blue");
add(cb3);
}
}
class FlavorsPanel extends JPanel
{
public FlavorsPanel()
{
JComboBox jcb = new JComboBox();
jcb.addItem("Vanilla");
jcb.addItem("Chocolate");
jcb.addItem("Strawberry");
add(jcb);
}
}

Scroll Panes
A scroll pane is a component that presents a rectangular area in which a

component may be viewed. Horizontal and/or vertical scroll bars may be
provided if necessary. Scroll panes are implemented in Swing by the
JScrollPane class, which extends JComponent.

Some of its constructors are shown here:
JScrollPane()
JScrollPane(Component comp)
JScrollPane(int vsb, int hsb)
JScrollPane(Component comp, int vsb, int hsb)
Here, comp is the component to be added to the scroll pane. vsb and hsb
are int constants that define when vertical and horizontal scroll bars for this
scroll pane are shown. These constants are defined by the
ScrollPaneConstants interface. Some examples of these constants are
described as follows:
Constant Description
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS Always provide horizontal scroll
bar
HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED Provide horizontal scroll bar, if
needed
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS Always provide vertical scroll
bar
VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED Provide vertical scroll bar, if
needed
Here are the steps that you should follow to use a scroll pane in an
applet:
1. Create a JComponent object.
2. Create a JScrollPane object. (The arguments to the constructor specify
the component and the policies for vertical and horizontal scroll bars.)

3. Add the scroll pane to the content pane of the applet.
Create a JComponent object
Create JScrollPane object using

JComponent
Add scroll pane to the content pane of

applet
The following example illustrates a scroll pane. First, the content pane of
the JApplet object is obtained and a border layout is assigned as its layout
manager. Next, a JPanel object is created and four hundred buttons are added
to it, arranged into twenty columns. The panel is then added to a scroll pane,
and the scroll pane is added to the content pane. This causes vertical and
horizontal scroll bars to appear. We can use the scroll bars to scroll the buttons
into view.
import java.awt.*;
/*
<applet code="JScrollPaneDemo" width=300 height=250>
</applet>
*/
public class JScrollPaneDemo extends JApplet
{
public void init()
{
contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JPanel jp = new JPanel();
jp.setLayout(new GridLayout(20, 20));
int b = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < 20; j++)
{
jp.add(new JButton("Button " + b));
++b;
}
}
int v = ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
int h = ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
JScrollPane jsp = new JScrollPane(jp, v, h);
contentPane.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}

Trees
A tree is a component that presents a hierarchical view of data. A user

has the ability to expand or collapse individual sub-trees in this display.
Fig. Tree Terminology

Trees are implemented in Swing by the JTree class, which extends

JComponent. Some of its constructors are shown here:
JTree(Hashtable ht)
JTree(Object obj[ ])
JTree(TreeNode tn)
JTree(Vector v)
The first form creates a tree in which each element of the hash table ht is
a child node. Each element of the array obj is a child node in the second form.
The tree node tn is the root of the tree in the third form. Finally, the last form
uses the elements of vector v as child nodes. A JTree object generates events
when a node is expanded or collapsed. The addTreeExpansionListener( ) and
removeTreeExpansionListener( ) methods allow listeners to register and
unregister for these notifications. The signatures of these methods are shown
here:
void addTreeExpansionListener(TreeExpansionListener tel)

void removeTreeExpansionListener(TreeExpansionListener tel)
Here, tel is the listener object. The getPathForLocation( ) method is used

to translate a mouse click on a specific point of the tree to a tree path. Its
signature is shown here:
TreePath getPathForLocation(int x, int y)
Here, x and y are the coordinates at which the mouse is clicked. The
return value is a TreePath object that encapsulates information about the tree
node that was selected by the user. The TreePath class encapsulates
information about a path to a particular node in a tree. It provides several
constructors and methods.
The TreeNode interface declares methods that obtain information about a
tree node. For example, it is possible to obtain a reference to the parent node
or an enumeration of the child nodes. The MutableTreeNode interface extends
TreeNode. It declares methods that can insert and remove child nodes or
change the parent node.
MutableTreeNode TreeNode
DefaultMutableTreeNode
The DefaultMutableTreeNode class implements the MutableTreeNode

interface. It represents a node in a tree. One of its constructors is shown here:

DefaultMutableTreeNode(Object obj)
Here, obj is the object to be enclosed in this tree node. The new tree
node doesn‟t have a parent or children. To create a hierarchy of tree nodes, the
add( ) method of DefaultMutableTreeNode can be used. Its signature is shown
here:
void add(MutableTreeNode child)
Here, child is a mutable tree node that is to be added as a child to the

current node.
Tree expansion events are described by the class TreeExpansionEvent in
the javax.swing.event package. The getPath( ) method of this class returns a
TreePath object that describes the path to the changed node. Its signature is
shown here:
TreePath getPath( )
The TreeExpansionListener interface provides the following two methods:
void treeCollapsed(TreeExpansionEvent tee)

void treeExpanded(TreeExpansionEvent tee)
Here, tee is the tree expansion event. The first method is called when a
sub-tree is hidden, and the second method is called when a sub-tree becomes
visible. Here are the steps that we should follow to use a tree in an applet:
1. Create a JTree object.

2. Create a JScrollPane object. (The arguments to the constructor specify
the tree and the policies for vertical and horizontal scroll bars.)
3. Add the tree to the scroll pane.
4. Add the scroll pane to the content pane of the applet.
Create a JTree Object
Create scroll pane object
Add tree to scroll pane
Add scroll pane to the content pane of

applet

The following example illustrates how to create a tree and recognize

mouse clicks on it. The init( ) method gets the content pane for the applet. A
DefaultMutableTreeNode object labeled Options is created. This is the top node
of the tree hierarchy. Additional tree nodes are then created, and the add( )
method is called to connect these nodes to the tree. A reference to the top
node in the tree is provided as the argument to the JTree constructor. The tree
is then provided as the argument to the JScrollPane constructor. This scroll
pane is then added to the applet. Next, a text field is created and added to the
applet. Information about mouse click events is presented in this text field. To
receive mouse events from the tree, the addMouseListener( ) method of the
JTree object is called. The argument to this method is an anonymous inner
class that extends MouseAdapter and overrides the mouseClicked( ) method.
The doMouseClicked( ) method processes mouse clicks. It calls
getPathForLocation( ) to translate the coordinates of the mouse click into a
TreePath object. If the mouse is clicked at a point that does not cause a node
selection, the return value from this method is null. Otherwise, the tree path
can be converted to a string and presented in the text field.
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.tree.*;
/*
<applet code="JTreeEvents" width=400 height=200>
</applet>
*/
public class JTreeEvents extends JApplet
{
JTree tree;
JTextField jtf;
public void init()
{
Container contentPane=getContentPane();
DefaultMutableTreeNode top=new
DefaultMutableTreeNode("Options");
DefaultMutableTreeNode a= new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A");
top.add(a);
DefaultMutableTreeNode a1=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A1");
a.add(a1);
DefaultMutableTreeNode a2=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A2");
a.add(a2);
DefaultMutableTreeNode b= new DefaultMutableTreeNode("B");
top.add(b);
DefaultMutableTreeNode b1=new DefaultMutableTreeNode("B1");
b.add(b1);

b.add(b2);
b.add(b3);
tree=new JTree(top);
int v=ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
int h=ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
JScrollPane jsp=new JScrollPane(tree,v,h);
contentPane.add(jsp,BorderLayout.CENTER);
jtf=new JTextField("",20);
contentPane.add(jtf,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
tree.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter()
{
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me)
{
doMouseClicked(me);
}
});
}
void doMouseClicked(MouseEvent me)
{
TreePath tp=tree.getPathForLocation(me.getX(),me.getY());
if(tp!=null)
jtf.setText(tp.toString());
else
jtf.setText("");
}
}
The string presented in the text field describes the path from the top tree
node to the selected node.

Tables
A table is a component that displays rows and columns of data. We can

drag the cursor on column boundaries to resize columns. We can also drag a
column to a new position. Tables are implemented by the JTable class, which
extends JComponent. One of its constructors is shown here:
JTable(Object data[ ][ ], Object colHeads[ ])

JTable(int numRows, int numColumns)
JTable(Vector rowData, Vector columnData)
Here, data is a two-dimensional array of the information to be presented,

and colHeads is a one-dimensional array with the column headings. The
„numRows’ and „numColumns’ are values with which the table is to be created.
The „rowData’ and „columnData’ are the vector values by which the table is
constructed.
Here are the steps for using a table in an applet:
1) Create a JTable object.
2) Create a JScrollPane object. (The arguments to the constructor specify
the table and the policies for vertical and horizontal scroll bars.)
3) Add the table to the scroll pane.
4) Add the scroll pane to the content pane of the applet.
The following example illustrates how to create and use a table. The
content pane of the JApplet object is obtained and a border layout is assigned
as its layout manager. A one-dimensional array of strings is created for the
column headings. This table has three columns. A two-dimensional array of
strings is created for the table cells. We can see that each element in the array
is an array of three strings. These arrays are passed to the JTable constructor.
The table is added to a scroll pane and then the scroll pane is added to the
content pane.
import java.awt.*;
/*
<applet code="JTableDemo" width=400 height=200>
</applet>
*/
public class JTableDemo extends JApplet
{
public void init()
{
final String[] colHeads = { "Name", "Phone", "Fax" };
final Object[][] data = {

{ "Pramod", "4567", "8675" },

{ "Tausif", "7566", "5555" },
{ "Nitin", "5634", "5887" },
{ "Amol", "7345", "9222" },
{ "Vijai", "1237", "3333" },
{ "Ranie", "5656", "3144" },
{ "Mangesh", "5672", "2176" },
{ "Suhail", "6741", "4244" },
{ "Nilofer", "9023", "5159" },
{ "Jinnie", "1134", "5332" },
{ "Heena", "5689", "1212" },
{ "Saurav", "9030", "1313" },
{ "Raman", "6751", "1415" }
};
JTable table = new JTable(data, colHeads);
int v = ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
int h = ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED;
JScrollPane jsp = new JScrollPane(table, v, h);
contentPane.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
}
------------------

References
1. Java 2 the Complete Reference,

Fifth Edition by Herbert Schildt, 2001 Osborne McGraw Hill
Chapter 26: The Tour of Swing
(Most of the data is referred from this book)
2. Java 6 Black Book,

Kogent Solutions, 2007, Dreamtech Press
Chapter 15: Swing–Applets, Applications and Pluggable Look and Feel.
3. JDK 5.0 Documentation,

Sun Microsystems, USA, www.java.sun.com
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Chapter 02 Tour of Swing

Advanced Java Programming -1-

Swing is a set of classes this provides more powerful and flexible

The Swing component classes that are shown below:

Advanced Java Programming -2-

JComboBox Encapsulates a combo box (a combination of a drop-

The Swing-related classes are contained in javax.swing and its

Frame JApplet JPanel JFrame

The Swing family tree (Ref. No. 2)

Swing Features (Ref. No. 2)

2.2.2 Graphics Debugging

Advanced Java Programming -3-

We can use setDebuggingGraphicsOptions method to set up

2.2.3 Easy mouseless operation

2.2.5 Easy Scrolling

2.2.6 Pluggable look and feel

2.2.7 New Layout Managers

Fundamental to Swing is the JApplet class, which extends Applet. Applets

Advanced Java Programming -4-

The add( ) method of Container can be used to add a component to a

Here, comp is the component to be added to the content pane.

Icons and Labels

In Swing, icons are encapsulated by the ImageIcon class, which paints an

Swing labels are instances of the JLabel class, which extends

Advanced Java Programming -5-

The Swing text field is encapsulated by the JTextComponent class, which

Advanced Java Programming -6-

Here, s is the string to be presented, and cols is the number of columns

void setDisabledIcon(Icon di)

Advanced Java Programming -7-

void setRolloverIcon(Icon ri)

Here, s is the text to be associated with the button.

void addActionListener(ActionListener al)

Here, al is the action listener. AbstractButton is a superclass for push

The JButton class provides the functionality of a push button. JButton

Advanced Java Programming -8-

Advanced Java Programming -9-

The JCheckBox class, which provides the functionality of a check box, is

void setSelected(boolean state)

Advanced Java Programming - 10 -

Advanced Java Programming - 11 -

Radio buttons are supported by the JRadioButton class, which is a

void add(AbstractButton ab)

Here, ab is a reference to the button to be added to the group. The

Advanced Java Programming - 12 -

JRadioButton b1 = new JRadioButton("A");

JRadioButton b2 = new JRadioButton("B");

JRadioButton b3 = new JRadioButton("C");

ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();

Advanced Java Programming - 13 -

Swing provides a combo box (a combination of a text field and a drop-

void addItem(Object obj)

Here, obj is the object to be added to the combo box.

public void setEditable(boolean aFlag)

public boolean isEditable()

public void setMaximumRowCount(int count)

public void setSelectedItem(Object anObject)

public void insertItemAt(Object anObject, int index)

public void removeItem(Object anObject)

Advanced Java Programming - 14 -