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    2G Spectrum 3G Spectrum: A Project Report On Contemporary Management Issues Titled

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    Gaurav Kumar
    1) 3G refers to third generation mobile networks that were a major advancement over 2G networks by introducing faster data speeds and the ability to transmit both voice and data simultaneously. 2) The evolution of cellular technology progressed from 1G to 2G to 3G networks, with each generation offering improvements in quality, capacity and capabilities. 3G networks began deployment in 2001 and were branded as IMT-2000 after receiving technical approval from the ITU. 3) IMT-2000 set global standards for 3G networks and allowed for seamless interoperability between different 3G technologies and systems. It also identified spectrum bands between 400MHz and 3GHz suitable for 3G deployment.

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    2G Spectrum 3G Spectrum: A Project Report On Contemporary Management Issues Titled

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Kumar
    59 views10 pages
    1) 3G refers to third generation mobile networks that were a major advancement over 2G networks by introducing faster data speeds and the ability to transmit both voice and data simultaneously. 2) The evolution of cellular technology progressed from 1G to 2G to 3G networks, with each generation offering improvements in quality, capacity and capabilities. 3G networks began deployment in 2001 and were branded as IMT-2000 after receiving technical approval from the ITU. 3) IMT-2000 set global standards for 3G networks and allowed for seamless interoperability between different 3G technologies and systems. It also identified spectrum bands between 400MHz and 3GHz suitable for 3G deployment.

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    1) 3G refers to third generation mobile networks that were a major advancement over 2G networks by introducing faster data speeds and the ability to transmit both voice and data simultaneously. 2) The evolution of cellular technology progressed from 1G to 2G to 3G networks, with each generation offering improvements in quality, capacity and capabilities. 3G networks began deployment in 2001 and were branded as IMT-2000 after receiving technical approval from the ITU. 3) IMT-2000 set global standards for 3G networks and allowed for seamless interoperability between different 3G technologies and systems. It also identified spectrum bands between 400MHz and 3GHz suitable for 3G deployment.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    59 views10 pages

    2G Spectrum 3G Spectrum: A Project Report On Contemporary Management Issues Titled

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Kumar
    1) 3G refers to third generation mobile networks that were a major advancement over 2G networks by introducing faster data speeds and the ability to transmit both voice and data simultaneously. 2) The evolution of cellular technology progressed from 1G to 2G to 3G networks, with each generation offering improvements in quality, capacity and capabilities. 3G networks began deployment in 2001 and were branded as IMT-2000 after receiving technical approval from the ITU. 3) IMT-2000 set global standards for 3G networks and allowed for seamless interoperability between different 3G technologies and systems. It also identified spectrum bands between 400MHz and 3GHz suitable for 3G deployment.

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    of 10

    A Project Report

    On
    Contemporary Management Issues
    Titled

    2G SPECTRUM v/s 3G SPECTRUM


    Submitted in partial fulfilment for the
    Award of degree of

    Submitted By: - Submitted to:-

    Kulbhushan Dr. Raju Agrawal

    MBA Part I, Sem.II Associate Professor


    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
    EVERY GOOD WORK REQUIRES THE GUIDANCE OF EXPERTS
    The happiness of success lies in sharing it with all who have helped and
    provide and bolster to reach the set limit. I would wish to mention my
    gratitude to all the people whose constant, guidance and encouragement
    served as a beacon light and crowned my efforts with success.

    It gives me immense pleasure to present the project report on


    2G(SPECTRUM VS 3G SPECTRUM) It was totally a different and
    wonderful experience to work on this project.

    I am thankful to My all Faculty members for their support and guidance


    provided through the completion of the project.

    I am also thankful to Dr. Raju Agrawal MY FACULTY GUIDE for


    this project.
    PREFACE
    THE TOPIC IS RELATED TO TELE COMMUNICATION INDUSTRY

    Indian industry is waking up to the challenges thrown in by market


    economy, policies and globalization. To survive in this highly competitive
    scenario, heavy emphasis is laid on getting to know the customer’s basic needs and
    keeping abreast with the latest technology. The collective efforts of both assume
    relevance in this context.

    This topic is relate with 2g (spectrum) and 3g (spectrum) in this report taking
    about 2g v/s 3g what the usage of 3g technology in modern world. How is it
    beneficial for the consumer.

    What strategy follow by the Indian telecom industry. And what is the special
    criteria for launching 3g services.

    Knowledge of market is essential for the development of the product. The needs of
    the consumers change very often and so the companies are forced to incorporate
    these changes within themselves. This point becomes more important for an
    organization that is acquiring a brand that is considered as a regional brand, Airtel
    the voice of Rajasthan
    CONTENTS

    1. Introduction

    2. 3G- Introduction, Evolution, Deployment


    Strategy

    3. usage of 3g

    4.
    Difference Between 2G & 3G Technology

    5. Company`s planning for 3g launching

    6. Research and Methodology

    7. conclusion

    8. Bibliography
    Introduction

    2g (spectrum)
    It is a term used in the telecommunication sector. It is a spectrum that
    supports 2G technology. High bandwidth is required for this purpose.

    "2G" means second-generation wireless telephone technology. 2G


    cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM
    standard in Finland in 1991.

    "G" has been superseded by newer technologies, such as 2.5G, 2.75G,


    3G, and 4G; however, 2G networks are still used in many parts of the
    world.

    There are three primary benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors:


    phone conversations were digitally encrypted; 2G systems were
    significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater
    mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for
    mobile, starting with SMS text messages.
    Introduction
    3g (spectrum)

    • What is 3G mobile?
    1980 1990 2000 2010

    • 1st Generation (Analogue)

    • 2nd Generation (GSM)


    • 3rd Generation

    (IMT2000)
    High Speed
    Multimedia
    Voice & Data
    (narrowband)
    Voice
    A new suite of standards to deliver mobile multimedia

    It's boom time for mobile phones in India And people are looking
    forward to more information, faster data access and multimedia services
    through their mobile phones. 3G technology is here to turn this dream
    into reality. It's a technology anxiously awaited by telecom operations
    and subscribers in India.
    Not very long! India is all set to launch 3G mobile telephone services by
    June 2007.
    According to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India chairman
    Nripendra Misra, a total of 32.5 MHz is available for allocation within
    the next 6-9 months
    3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice data (a telephone call)
    and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging e-
    mail, and instant messaging. The highlight of 3G is video telephony. 4G
    technology stands to be the future standard of wireless devices.

    3G- Introduction, Evolution,


    Deployment Strategy
    The primary objective of this research is to discuss about the 3rd
    Generation Wireless Networks, their evolution/migration from 2G and/or other
    pre-3G technologies to 3G Technology, Spectrum Allocation and Licensing
    Policies, and the deployment strategies involved. In this paper, 3G would be
    referred to as IMT-2000 systems in most of the places, the context of which would
    be provided in detail later in this paper.

    1. Introduction/Evolution of Cellular Telephony:

    The First generation (1G) Cellular Mobile Services was developed


    with the invention of the microprocessor and the digitization of the control link
    between the cell phone and the cell site, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These
    analog cellular systems were developed based on the Improved Mobile Telephone
    Service (IMTS)-a system which was launched by Bell Systems, in the 1960s with
    an aim to introduce direct dialing and higher bandwidth. Second generation (2G)
    Cellular Mobile Systems was simply advancement over the First Generation
    Systems, when the analog systems got replaced with the Digital Systems. These
    systems digitized the control link as well as showed lots of improvements in the
    Voice Signal. They were developed during the end of 1980s. With this,
    achievement over better quality and higher capacity was introduced along with
    lower cost to consumers. Advanced security and roaming got introduced. The 2G
    systems (or so called Pre-IMT 2000 Networks) have been extensively deployed
    almost in the entire world and have evolved significantly over the years to offer
    improved performance and capabilities, especially for data services- introduced by
    EDGE, GPRS (so called 2.5G Networks).Third generation (3G) The 3G systems
    refer to the IMT-2000 systems which has been given a global standard of 3G by
    the ITU. This is an evolution/enhancement of the existing and widely deployed
    pre-IMT 2000 systems with much more advancement in Data services and with
    higher bandwidth. It has opened the way to enable innovative applications and
    services (e.g. Multimedia, Live-video buffering, and Location-based services,
    among others). The first 3G network was deployed in Japan in 2001 by DoCoMo.
    Within 3G, the services have also been continuously evolving with the introduction
    of different software releases and more functionality, like Release 4, Release 99,
    HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA (a combination of HSDPA and HSUPA), etc. Fourth
    generation (4G) The 4G systems is another advancement to the “yet immature” 3G
    Systems in terms of handling a wide range of supported data rates in multi-user
    environments ranging from approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility
    applications such as mobile access, and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s for low
    mobility applications such as local wireless access. However, 4G systems are still
    in adolescence stage. There are debates going on for what actually constitutes 4G.
    As of now, they are termed as “IMT-Advanced”. By mid 2008, ITU has been able
    to define the set of requirements by which technologies and systems can be
    considered as the part of “IMT Advanced” family and thus be called 4G. The
    literal meaning of what actually comprises a “generation” comes from the fact that
    the particular technologies enjoy the deployments in major market places globally
    until the next “generation” comes into existence.

    2. Branding of 3G-IMT2000: ITU’s Approval

    “International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) is


    the global standard for third generation (3G) wireless communications, defined by
    a set of interdependent ITU recommendations in the mid-1980s. IMT-2000
    provides a framework for worldwide wireless access by linking the diverse systems
    of terrestrial and/or satellite based networks. It will exploit the potential synergy
    between digital mobile telecommunications technologies and systems for fixed and
    mobile wireless access systems. ITU activities on IMT-2000 comprise
    international standardization, including frequency spectrum and technical
    specifications for radio and network components, tariffs and billing, technical
    assistance and studies on regulatory and policy aspects.”[1] In the year 2000, the
    technical specifications for the third generation family under the brand IMT-2000
    got approved by the ITU. A few things which came with this approval were
    Seamless Interoperability and Inter-working among various technologies and
    systems. The spectrum between 400 MHz and 3 GHz was found suitable for 3G
    deployment though some of the bands were already identified in 1992 and sold to
    many
    countries in late 1990s. “IMT-2000 is the result of collaboration of many entities,
    inside the ITU (ITU-R and ITU-T), and outside the ITU (3GPP, 3GPP2, UWCC
    and so on).”

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