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    Objective:: Computer Systems Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Kumar
    This document provides instructions for an assembly language practical on conditional and unconditional jump commands. It explains logical instructions like AND, OR, XOR, NOT, and TEST and demonstrates their usage. It also explains conditional jumps like JZ, JNZ, JC etc and unconditional jumps. Exercise programs are given to practice logical instructions and jump commands, with tasks to observe register values after each step and explain program flow. The home task is to write programs comparing a number to 5 and checking for overflow on subtraction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Objective:: Computer Systems Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Kumar
    63 views8 pages
    This document provides instructions for an assembly language practical on conditional and unconditional jump commands. It explains logical instructions like AND, OR, XOR, NOT, and TEST and demonstrates their usage. It also explains conditional jumps like JZ, JNZ, JC etc and unconditional jumps. Exercise programs are given to practice logical instructions and jump commands, with tasks to observe register values after each step and explain program flow. The home task is to write programs comparing a number to 5 and checking for overflow on subtraction.

    Original Title

    Practical No.13

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    This document provides instructions for an assembly language practical on conditional and unconditional jump commands. It explains logical instructions like AND, OR, XOR, NOT, and TEST and demonstrates their usage. It also explains conditional jumps like JZ, JNZ, JC etc and unconditional jumps. Exercise programs are given to practice logical instructions and jump commands, with tasks to observe register values after each step and explain program flow. The home task is to write programs comparing a number to 5 and checking for overflow on subtraction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    63 views8 pages

    Objective:: Computer Systems Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Kumar
    This document provides instructions for an assembly language practical on conditional and unconditional jump commands. It explains logical instructions like AND, OR, XOR, NOT, and TEST and demonstrates their usage. It also explains conditional jumps like JZ, JNZ, JC etc and unconditional jumps. Exercise programs are given to practice logical instructions and jump commands, with tasks to observe register values after each step and explain program flow. The home task is to write programs comparing a number to 5 and checking for overflow on subtraction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Department of: Subject of:

    Computer Systems Engineering Computer Architecture and Assembly


    Programming
    Mehran University of Engineering Year 2nd Semester 3rd
    &Technology
    Batch 19CS Duration 03
    Hours
    Jamshoro

    Practical no.13
    To become familiar with Conditional and unconditional Jump

    Objective:

     Using logical instructions in assembly language.


     Incorporating Jump commands in assembly programs.
     Writing simple assembly language programs with logical and Jump
    instructions.

    Introduction:

    Both logical instructions and Jump commands are widely used in assembly
    language. These commands are explained below.

    Logical instructions:
    Logical instructions include NOT, AND, OR, XOR, TEST etc. instructions. There job
    is to compare the data values and make results according to logic specified. For
    example,

    MOV BX, 30H ; In binary 110000


    NOT BX ; In binary 001111

    This code takes BX value and then complements all the bits and stores the new
    value to BX. So it stores 0F value in BX after executing NOT operation. For another
    example,

    MOV BX, 70H ; In binary 1110000


    MOV CX, 40H ; In binary 1000000
    AND CX, BX ; In binary 1000000

    AND operation performs bit by bit AND operation and then stores the value in first
    operand. In upper code CX holds the final result.

    MOV BX, 70H ; In binary 1110000


    MOV CX, 40H ; In binary 1000000
    OR CX, BX ; In binary 1110000

    OR operation performs bit by bit OR operation and then stores the value in first
    operand. In upper code CX holds the final result. Similar case happens for XOR and
    it is given below,

    MOV BX, 70H ; In binary 1110000


    1
    MOV CX, 40H ; In binary 1000000
    XOR CX, BX ; In binary 0110000

    Test operation is a little different from AND operation. It performs bit by bit AND
    operation but it does not change any operands value.

    MOV BX, 70H ; In binary 1110000


    MOV CX, 40H ; In binary 1000000
    TEST CX, BX ; In binary CX value is 1000000

    2
    All the logical instructions stated above upgrades all the flag register values except
    AF register. NOT command does not effect any flags. How flags are affected is
    stated below.

    MOV BX, 70H ; In binary 1110000


    MOV CX, 40H ; In binary 1000000
    AND CX, BX ; In binary 1110000

    After this operation Zero Flag is 0 (ZF = 0; as the value of CX is not 0), Carry Flag
    is 0 (CF = 0; as there is no carry), Parity Flag is 0 (PF = 0; as there are odd
    number of 1’s), Sign Flag is 0 (SF = 1), Overflow Flag is 0 (OF = 0; as there is no
    overflow). In this all the flags can be determined.

    Do not confuse yourself with semicolon given after each line in assembly codes
    above. Comments are written after semi colon ‘;’ in assembly language.

    Exercise Part 1:

    Write following codes and perform indicated operations.

    (a) Program 1:

    CODE SEGMENT
    ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:CODE

    MOV BX, 3256H


    MOV CX, 1554H
    AND CX, BX

    HLT

    CODE ENDS
    END

    Observe content of CX register. What operation happened here?

    (b) Program 2:

    CODE SEGMENT
    ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:CODE
    MOV BX, 3256H
    MOV CX, 1554H
    XOR CX, BX
    HLT

    CODE ENDS
    END

    Observe content of CX register. What operation happened here?

    (c) Program 3:

    CODE SEGMENT
    ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:CODE

    MOV AX, 1027H


    MOV BX, 5A27H
    MOV CX, 54A5H

    OR AX, BX

    XOR AX, CX

    NOT AX

    TEST CX, BX

    AND CX, AX

    HLT

    CODE ENDS
    END

    Perform this operation in single step mode and write the values of registers for
    every step. Obtain binary values for upper hexadecimal values and perform bit by
    bit operation for every step. Compare your hand calculation with obtained result.

    JUMP Commands:
    Sometimes it is necessary to go from one line of program to another line without
    executing some intermediate lines. For this Jump commands are used. We can
    explain this with a simple example.
    MOV AX, 3254H
    MOV BX, 1F4BH
    MOV CX, 412AH

    ADD AX,

    CX JMP

    L3T2

    SUB AX, BX

    L3T2: AND AX,

    BX

    HLT

    In this example L3T2 is a level. As we can see in fifth line JMP command is used. It
    makes the program to go from fifth line to L3T2 level that is seventh line. So sixth
    line is not executed.

    There are two types of Jump commands. These are (i) Conditional jump and (ii)
    Unconditional Jump. Previous example is an unconditional jump. Conditional Jumps
    are like if statements. If some flags are affected only then these jump instructions
    executed. We can look at the following example,

    MOV AX, 125BH


    MOV BX, 125BH
    MOV CX, 412AH

    SUB AX, BX

    JZ L3T2

    DIV BX

    L3T2: AND AX,CX

    HLT

    Clearly observe the code. In fourth line subtraction operation is performed. As both
    AX and BX have same value. Their subtracted value is 0. So ZF is set to 1. In fifth
    line JZ L3T2 is written. It means if ZF = 1 then go to L3T2:. Otherwise continue. As
    ZF = 1, program moves to eighth line. This is a conditional Jump. Some other
    conditional jumps are,

    Command Condition of Jump


    JA/JNBE CF =0, ZF = 0
    JBE/JNA CF = 0 or ZF = 0
    JNB/JAE/JNC CF = 0
    JB/JNAE/JC CF = 1
    JG/JNLE SF OF = 0, ZF = 0
    JLE/JNG SF OF = 0, ZF = 1
    JGE/JNL SF OF = 0
    JL/JNGE SF OF = 1
    JZ/JE ZF = 1
    JNZ/JNE ZF = 0
    JS SF = 1
    JNS SF = 0
    JPE/JP PF = 1
    JPO/JNP PF = 0
    JO OF = 1
    JNO OF = 0
    JCXZ CX = 0

    Exercise Part 2:

    Write following codes and perform indicated operations.

    (a) Program 1:

    CODE SEGMENT
    ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:CODE

    MOV AX, 7A24H


    MOV BX, 15A3H

    SUB AX, BX

    JMP L3T2

    EEE316: DIV BX

    JMP Last

    L3T2: MOV CX, 45B1H

    AND AX, CX
    TEST AX, BX

    JMP EEE316

    Last: HLT
    CODE ENDS
    END

    Perform this operation in single step mode and write the values of registers for
    every step. Explain why we need ‘Last’ termed level? What will happen if it is not
    used?

    (b) Program 1:

    CODE SEGMENT
    ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:CODE

    MOV AX, 7A24H


    MOV BX, 95A3H

    ADD AX, BX

    JC L3T2

    EEE316: OR AX, 23H

    JNZ Last

    L3T2: MOV CX, 0FC7H

    SUB AX,CX

    JZ EEE316

    Last: HLT

    CODE ENDS
    END

    Update the register values in every step.

    Home Task:
    1. Write an assembly code that will determine whether a number is greater
    than 5 or equal of less, and put 0 or 1 or 2 for the conditions in DX.
    2. Subtract 86B1H from 3F42H and store 0 in CX if overflow occurs and 1 if no
    overflow occurs.

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