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    COCCI

    Uploaded by

    Andrian Siscar

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    COCCI

    Uploaded by

    Andrian Siscar
    16 views89 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    16 views89 pages

    COCCI

    Uploaded by

    Andrian Siscar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 89

    NOVOBIOCIN

    Streptococci
    STREPTOCOCCI: Important Diagnostic Criterion…….C carbohydrate
    Streptococci Lancefield Group Typical Hemolysis Diagnostic Features
    S. pyogenes A Beta Bacitracin-sensitive
    S. agaclactiae B Beta Bacitracin-resistant,
    Hippurate hydrolyzed
    S. faecalis/ D Variants (Alpha, Beta, Growth in 6.5% NaCl
    Enterococcus faecalis None) Grow on bile-esculin
    agar
    S. bovis/ Non D Variants (Alpha, Beta, No growth in 6.5%
    Enterococci Groups None) NaCl
    Grow on bile-esculin
    agar
    S. pneumoniae None Alpha Bile – soluble
    Inhibited by Optochin
    Viridans Group S. None Alpha Not bile – soluble
    Not inhibited by
    Optochin
    Group A Streptococci produce the 8 important enzymes and toxins:
    1. Streptokinase (Fibrinolysin) ⮚ Activates plasminogen to form
    plasmin, which dissolves fibrin clots,
    thrombi, and emboli
    2. DNase (Streptodornase) ⮚ Depolymerizes DNA in exudates or
    necrotic tissue
    3. Hyaluronidase ⮚ Degrades hyaluronic acid
    ⮚ Also known as a Spreading Factor
    ⮚ It facilitates the rapid spread of Group
    A in skin infection 🡪 Cellulitis
    4. Erythrogenic Toxin ⮚ Cause rash of Scarlet fever 🡪 (+)Dick
    test 🡪 (-) antitoxin
    5. Streptolysin O ⮚ A hemolysin that inactivated by
    oxidation (oxygen-labile)
    ⮚ It causes beta-hemolysis only when
    colonies grow under the surface of a
    blood agar plate
    ⮚ It is antigenic and the antibody to it
    (ASO) develops after group A
    infections
    ⮚ The titer of ASO antibody can be
    important in the diagnosis of
    rheumatic fever
    6. Streptolysin S ⮚ Is a hemolysin that is not inactivated
    by oxygen (oxygen-stable)
    ⮚ It is not antigenic but is responsible
    for beta-hemolysis
    7. Pyrogenic Exotoxin ⮚ Is a toxin similar to staphylococcal
    toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)
    ⮚ It is a superantigen that causes the
    release of large amounts of cytokines
    from helper T cells and macrophages.
    8. Exotoxin B ⮚ Is a protease that rapidly destroys
    tissue, and is produced in large
    amounts that cause Necrotizing
    fasciitis.
    Enterococcus faecalis
    Streptococcus pneumoniae
    Neisseria
    Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria gonorrheae
    Diseases 1. Meningitis 1. Gonorrhea
    2. Meningococcemia 🡪 2. Purulent/neonatal
    Waterhouse conjunctivitis/Ophthalmia
    Friderichsen neonatorum
    Syndrome 3. PID Pelvic Inflammatory
    disease
    Transmission Airborne droplets 1. Sexually
    2. During birth
    Colonization nasopharynx Urethra/eyes
    Virulent factor
    ⮚ Prominent Present Absent
    polysaccharide
    capsule
    Serologic groups 13 serotypes Many serotypes
    ❖ Based on the ❖ Based on the antigenicity
    antigenicity of their of its pilus protein
    capsular
    polysaccharide
    ❖ (+) Antigenic
    Endotoxin in the outer Presence Presence
    membrane ❖ Lipopolysaccharide ❖ Lipooligosaccharide LOS
    LPS
    Lipid A Presence Presence
    Ig A Protease Presence Presence
    Oxidase (+) (+)
    Sugar Fermentation
    ⮚ Maltose (+) (-)
    ⮚ Glucose (+) (+)

    Culture Media Chocolate Agar Thayer- Martin Agar 🡪 colistin,


    nystatin trimethoprim
    vancomycin
    Erythromycin

    Silver nitrate
    Streptococcus agalactiae
    Novobiocin

    N. meningitidis - <2mos

    Hemophilus influenza – 6mos-6 year

    Strep. Pneumoniae - adults

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