Explain The Evolution of Computer in Details

Explain the evolution of Computer in detail.
(Minimum 500 Words)
Answer:
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER
Computers are devices that is used to do various tasks or calculations in harmony to a set of
directions, or programs. The first fully electronic computers, introduced in the 1940s, were huge
devices that required teams of people to handle.In comparison to those new machines, today’s
computers are amazing. They are not only thousands of times more speedy, but also they can fit
on your desk, on your lap, or even in your pocket. Computers are such an essential part of our
daily life now most people take them for granted.
Computers work through an interface of hardware and software. There are five noticeable
generations of computers. Each generation is defined by a supreme technological advancement
that changes necessarily how computers operate – leading to more compressed, economical, but
more dynamic, efficient and successful machines.
First Generation – Vacuum Tubes (1940 – 1956)
These earliest computers utilized vacuum tubes as circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. As
a result they were gigantic, actually taking up entire rooms and costing resources to run. These
were ineffective materials which produce a huge amount of heat, sucked huge electricity and
then engendered an great quantity of heat which caused continuous breakdowns.
These first generation computers were based on ‘machine language’. Machine language, ML is
the most fundamental programming language that can be decoded and understood by computers.
These computers were only designed to solve one problem at a time. Input was printed on
punched cards and paper tape. Output emerged on print-outs. The two renowned machines of this
period were the UNIVAC and ENIAC machines – the UNIVAC is the first commercial machine
which was purchased in 1951.
Second Generation – Transistors (1956 – 1963)
The onset of second generation was visualised by supersession of vacuum tubes by transistors.
Even though it was first invented in 1947, transistors had not been in use, significantly in
computers till the end of the 1950s. They were a giant development over the vacuum tube,
despite the fact still subjecting computers to destroy dissimilar levels of heat. However they were
enormously better to the vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, more quick, economical and
less heavy on electricity use. They still count on punched card for input/printouts.
The language used was evolved from strange binary language. This was then developed to
symbolic (‘assembly’) languages. This meant programmers could determine instructions in
words. High caliber programming languages were being developed on the same time. Early
versions of this language were COBOL and FORTRAN. Transistor-driven machines were the
first computers to hold instructions into memory, roving from magnetic drum to magnetic core
‘technology’. The preventative versions of these machines were created for the atomic energy
industry.
Third Generation – ICs (Integrated Circuit)(1964 – 1971)
In the third generation, transistors were miniaturized and embedded on silicon chips. This led to
a huge enhancement in speed and efficiency of these machines. These were the first computers
where users were able to interact using keyboards and monitors which interface with an
operating system, a important leap up from the punch cards and printouts. This facilitate these
machines to run various applications at once using a central program which function to monitor
memory.
These advances made machines more reasonable and more tiny which resulted in a brand new
group of users during the ‘60s.
Fourth Generation – Microprocessors (1972 – 2010)
This modernization can be defined in one word: Intel. The chip-maker accomplished the Intel
4004 chip in 1971. The technology located all components of computer such as CPU, memory,
input/output controls embedded on a single chip. What filled to capacity a room in the 1940s
now gets fit in the palm of the hand.The Intel chip contained thousands of unified circuits. The
year 1981 saw the first ever computer (IBM) firmly designed for home use and 1984 saw the
Macintosh introduced by Apple. Microprocessors even distorted beyond the realm of computers
and into an increase in number of everyday products.
The incremented power of these small computers denoted they could be linked, establishing
networks. Which eventually led to the development, birth and quick evolution of the Internet?
Basic developments other than these during this period have been the Graphical user interface
(GUI), the mouse and more of late the startling advances in laptop ability and hand-held
contrivance.
Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence (2010 Onwards)
Computer devices with artificial thinking are still in development, but some of these technologies
are beginning to emerge and be used such as voice recognition. AI is an legitimacy, made
possible by adopting parallel processing and superconductors. Inclining to the future, computers
will be thoroughly revolutionized again by quantum computation, molecular and nano
technology. These technologies will be applied to ultimately affect machines which can proceed
and acknowledge natural language. Later these machines will have efficiency to determine and
organise themselves.

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Explain the evolution of Computer in detail.

(Minimum 500 Words)

First Generation – Vacuum Tubes (1940 – 1956)

Second Generation – Transistors (1956 – 1963)

Third Generation – ICs (Integrated Circuit)(1964 – 1971)

Fourth Generation – Microprocessors (1972 – 2010)

Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence (2010 Onwards)

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