Syllabus 3

Bulacan State University
MALOLOS CITY, BULACAN
ART
APPRECIATION
MODULES
2020
JOVITA F. PUNZALAN
MERRENISA BALATO
EDMOND C. CASTRO
GELOE GALANG
MATHERESA S. SANTOS
MARY JOY V. YAMBAO
CONTENTS
Unit I: Foundation of Art

Module 1: The Importance, Meaning and Assumptions of Art
Module 2: Functions of Art and Philosophy
Unit II: Subject and Content of Art
Module 3: Subject of Art and Content

Module 4: Methods of Presenting the Subjects of Art
Module 5: Elements and Principles of Art
Unit III: Historical Development of Art

Module 6: Art History Timeline
Module 7: Art Today: Development of Local Arts
Unit IV: Disciplines of Art
Module 8: Visual Arts (Painting, Sculpture, Architecture and Photography)

Module 9: Performing Arts (Music and Dance)
Module 10: Performing Arts (Theatre and Drama)
Unit I: Foundations of Art
Lesson 1: The Importance, Meaning, and Assumptions of Art
Duration: 3 hours
Introduction
Are you a big fan of art? If so, what is art for you? But if art doesn’t have any impact on you, would you
still care about what it is? Stop saying no because this lesson will motivate you to look closer and get a
glimpse of what art truly is and the enormous explanation and definitions.
In your schooling timeline, reality speaks that art class or art subject is not an exemption, right? Or even
if it is not an art subject, there would still be an art-related activity within that particular subject. You
would probably even agree that art will take hold of you even after you finished your college years.
Since you have realized the immensity of your connectivity to art, there's still a need to extend your
understanding of it. This lesson, beginning with definitions of art, its nature, its importance, and the
creative process, will guide you to crave more and venture more about the vast influence art you could
ever imagine.
Objectives:
Upon successful completion of this module, you should be able to:
➢ Differentiate the various nature and assumptions of art
➢ Explain the process of creativity
➢ Create a unique visualization of the creative process
➢ Identify and discuss art and art appreciation.
➢ Define art from a cultural perspective.
Pre-Test
Note: Give it a try! Test yourself by answering the activity without reading the discussions. It’s a way
to challenge yourself, believing that you will be surprised at its result when we get through with this
lesson. Good Luck!
Task 1. Choose the appropriate word/ statement for each picture. Write your answer on the blank
boxes. Choices are provided for each line of pictures.
Line 1 (horizontal) It is art It’s not art Maybe it’s art

Line 2 (horizontal) Art is nature Art is not nature Nature and art are the same
Line 3 (horizontal) Art is universal Art is cultural Art involves experience
Line 4 (horizontal) Innovation Imagination Creativity
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Lesson Proper:
A. Activity
“Before we go directly through the content of this lesson, you should finish this simple activity. Eventually,
this will make you realize that this is the right avenue for you to understand the lesson well”. You can do
it!
Try this!
Task 2: Try to imagine that you and your friends happened to be in these scenarios. What would possibly
become your small talk? Create communication by observing the location, expression of characters, or
even gestures.
B. Analysis
C. Abstraction
Art is a wide range of man's activity from expression down to creating tangible or intangible things. Visual
artwork is one of the oldest, rich, complex, and popular forms of the art highly rooted in one's culture. Other
forms like auditory and performing arts are also considered as manifestations of man's expression and
imaginative skills.
From your basic knowledge of art. How would you define art? Webster New Collegiate Dictionary says that
"Art is the constant use of skills and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects" But
in a more specific and straightforward way, we can define it in this way. Art is painting, sculpture, music,
dance, play, and the like. But there is more beyond this definition. Art is the expression of man's experience,
thoughts, feelings, and observations that transforms something ordinary to extraordinary.
This experience that exudes from man's inner voice can transform into something functional, artworks that
lift one's spirit, allow others to experience aesthetic significance, pain or sorrow, confusion, and other
emotional power or even helps us appreciate beauty. Perhaps we can say that art is very human and uniquely
human.
Definitions of art vary in many ways, and sometimes it will depend on how you have experienced and
encountered art.
Art is derived from the Latin word “ars” which means ability or skills or manmade, and from the Italian word
“artis” meaning craftsmanship, mastery and inventiveness. Because of the traces from the greatest works of
human activity anyone can argue that art is a product of man’s mastery and skills rooted from his artistic
creativity. Thus, all artworks express the artist’s imagination, his emotions, ideas and things he wants and
values in life. (Estolas et al., 1995)
Let’s take a break! "Before we move forward with this lesson, let us enjoy and discover more about
the topic."
Task 3: Watch the video presentation. Go to Youtube and type the title of the video or type the URL.
After watching this video, write your new discoveries or collect some information that seems very
interesting to you. Write or draw it on the box below.
“Aesthetic Appreciation: What is Art?
Crash Course Philosophy #30”
DISCOVER
MORE
HERE!
SOURCES:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZ5duzln2wI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2VpNx5ZxSA
MY NEW
DISCOVERIES!
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_____________________________________
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ASSUMPTIONS OF ART
Art is rooted in culture, and it ties our present from the past and connects us to the future. As
independent of one's culture, artworks serve as a form of communication of ideas and emotions,
perceptions, or even passion through political, philosophical, and spiritual matters. Art binds the identity
of one's culture, which makes them unique from the rest. Art mirrors culture
Art is universal. Art is as old as humans. In almost every country and within the most primitive
communities, there is always art in every era and locus. No matter what period or location, art exists.
That is why it is universal. People from different countries worldwide respond to art for every other
reason. The ability to be moved by any art forms is undeniably versatile.
Art is not in nature. Art is made by man using his skills, craftsmanship, creativity, and imagination. It
is far different from nature. A man may consider nature as inspiration to create an artwork. A very
distinctive characteristic of man that differs from animals is that man can create art. A man may
incorporate his past experiences or influence from his environment to create an artwork. Art represents
what he sees, experiences, feels, smells, values, etc., and presents them through artistic interpretation.
Art Involves Experience. Experience is the actual doing of something. The perfection of art
appreciation will never be possible without experiencing art. All art requires experience. The experience
of art is subjective. Our judgment of art is highly personal and individual. We should not expect others
to agree with our own experience with art. Another thing is that an emotional response accompanies art
experience. The initial reaction in such experience of art is inevitable. We may either like or dislike it.
We can say that it's beautiful or it's not good at all.
What is Art Appreciation? Art Appreciation is the capacity to understand art's works and experience a
certain enjoyment in creating art. It deals with our encounter with the artworks and the artists and how
we are affected by it. As we see, hear, or feel any artwork, we realize that something in that artwork is
also a part of our experience, because art is the transmission of feelings the artist has experienced or
the expression of the ineffable emotion of the artist (Tolstoy). Any artwork will prompt us with valuable
aesthetic emotion, admiration and inspiration.
What is creativity and its process? The cognitive process of mind includes imagination, creativity
and thinking with innovation. Imagination is envisioning ideas that are not present in reality.
Imagination is visualizing the impossible or things that are not present in our senses. Creativity uses
imagination to represent new ideas and create a physical embodiment which is beneficial and with value.
It is the unveiling of the impossible to possible. Through creativity, the production of valuable products
is involved (Mumford, 2003, p. 110). Or in another statement from Robert Sternberg, the production of
"something original and worthwhile." The valuable result of creativity can either be intangible like new
ideas and musical composition, or tangible object like sculpture or painting. Expression is making
known ones thoughts or feelings. It means that the work of art reflects the artist’s personality,
background or even personal circumstances. The central focus of any expression comes from within
an individual and it can be an expression of ideas or feelings through words, actions, or any artistic
activities. Thus all these things will make its way for brand new innovation.
Imagination
Creativity
Expression
Innovation
D. Application
Task 4: Congratulations! Now that you have complete knowledge and understanding of the foundations
of art and enjoyed all your tasks. I know that you are ready to assess yourself and gauge your knowledge
of our lesson. Try this!
Answer the following questions without copying from the lesson above.
1. What is your definition of art? Art appreciation?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________
2. Why is art not nature?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Why does art involve experience?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
4. Why is art universal?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
Reflection /Learning Insights

Task 5: Congratulations! You have a clear understanding of the art, its nature, and the creative
process. At this point, I want you to reflect and write your insights about the lesson
MY JOURNAL
My Insights
Post-Test
Task 6: Test your knowledge here!
Multiple Choice. Encircle the right answer.
Questions Choices
1. It is one of the oldest, rich, A. Art B. Visual Art

complex, and popular forms of
art that is highly rooted in one's C. Performing arts D. Auditory
culture.
2. Art is subjective, and an A. Art Involves B. Art is Universal

emotional response Judgement
accompanies art experience
C. Art is not nature D. Art is expression
3. It is the expression of man's A. Experience B. Art

experience, thoughts, feelings,
and observations that transforms C. Creativity D. Visual Art
something ordinary to
extraordinary.
4. Almost all countries have their A. Art is nor nature B. Art involves
primitive history of art. experience
C Art is Universal D. Art is Human
5. It is the capacity to understand A. Arts B. Art Appreciation

the works of art and experience
a certain enjoyment in creating C. Fine Arts D. Art History
art.
6. Painting is art, no matter it is A. Art is universal B. Art is Cultural

close to nature. Still, it is art.
C. Art is not nature D. Art is Expression
7. Creativity needs this element A. Expression B. Imagination
D. Innovation D. Both A and B
8. It is the word that describes A. Art is universal B. Art is cultural

music, literature, painting and
sculpture, theatre, and film. It is
believed to consist of the "works
C. Art is not nature D. Art needs creativity
and practices of intellectual and
especially artistic activity" of a
particular group of people
9. I don't like the paintings I saw A. Art involves B. Art experience is
in the museum. I felt so experience accompanied with a
uncomfortable. certain emotion.
C. Art is subjective D. Both B and C
10. Art binds the identity of one's A. Art is not nature B. Art is universal
culture, which makes them
unique from the rest. Art mirrors C. Art is creativity D. Art is cultural
culture
Final Requirement
Task 7: Create your own unique concept map or mind map about the creative process.
Note: Use your imagination and creativity to come up with your unique concept map. You can use
images to present your ideas. Images can be in a form of drawing or cut-out materials. Try to be
resourceful. Use available materials at home. An example is provided below.
Art Appreciation Class Activities 2019, Instructor: Jovita F. Punzalan
SELF EVALUATION: Check your level of progress in this module. You will use this medium to rate the
level of your mastery of the lesson. For the "PRE" column, check the mastery level before studying
the lesson and for the "POST" column after you have completed the module. It will give you a clear
interpretation of the level of progress you gained from this module.
-I don’t -I am starting to -Sometimes I get -I can accomplish

understand yet. learn. confused. it!
TARGETS -I don’t have any -I am beginning -I make minimal -I understand with
idea about it to challenge mistakes confidence!
myself -I can do it!
Beginner Developing Proficient Exceeds
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Compare the different
definitions of art
Differentiate the
various nature and
assumptions of art
Explain the process of

creativity
Create a unique
visualization of the
creative process
Identify and discuss

art appreciation.
Define art from a

cultural perspective.
References:
Ballo, G. (1989). The Critical Eye. A New Approach to Art Appreciation, William Heinemann
London
Caslib, B.N., Garing D, C., & Casaul JA, R., (2018). Art Appreciation, Rex Bookstore Inc.
Devilles G., Maiquez R., & Tolentino R., (2018). Art Sense, Sensing the Arts in Every day, C&E
Publishing Inc.
Panisan, W.K., Ipan-Bongabong, M.L., Boongaling, C.G., Trinidad, M.B., (2018). Art
Appreciation, Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
Punzalan, J.F., Bernardo R.P.,& Caberos C.E., (2019). Art Appreciation, St. Andrew Publishing
House
Images Online Sources:

https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/ANA-to-buy-10-stake-in-Philippine-Airlines-say-sources
https://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/2018/10/29/young-indigenous-leaders.html
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/32721534762569063/?amp_client_id=CLIENT_ID(_)&mweb_unauth_ikkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
kkd={{default.session}}&simplified=true
https://www.academyoflearning.ab.ca/courses/computer-fundamental/
https://www.amazon.in/Pixel-Artz-Canvas-Painting-Colorful/dp/B072MZDMXY
https://www.cosmo.ph/news/baguio-cancels-panagbenga-festival-covid-19-a1320-20200310
https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/travels-geology-pyramids-giza-wonders-ancient-world
https://www.flickr.com/photos/rufusknight/3079339372
https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/p/nordviken-chair-black-40369109/
https://www.jameshempel.com/art-gallery-bringing-art-and-culture-together/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/161777811600336261/
https://www.postermywall.com/index.php/art/template/c114c2ed2104bd8b815cf7fbb2f34f44/notebook-paper-
background-design-template#.XypSmigzbIU
https://www.saatchiart.com/art/Painting-Sunflower-in-a-Vase/188870/109690/view
https://www.theworlds50best.com/stories/News/asias-50-best-restaurants-2018-the-list-in-pictures.html
https://www.vecteezy.com/vector-art/414137-easel-with-blank-canvas-doodle-style-sketch-illustration
Unit Title: Functions of Art and Philosophy
Title of the Lesson: Lesson 2 : Functions and Philosophical Perspectives on Arts
Duration: 3 hours
Introduction
What is art for? Aristotle a Greek philosopher once said that every particular substance in the world
has an end or telos (Greek word) which is eventually translated into “purpose”. Substance is defined as
a particular kind of matter with uniform characteristic, for example a baby that will eventually turn into a
grown man or woman. The idea of Aristotle of telos has a connection with function because for a thing
to attain its purpose, it also has to achieve its function.
In Aristotle view of reality, man is destined to attain a life of fulfilment and happiness. Being rational is
the key to man’s happiness and function, it means that man can only be happy when he is rational, and
when he is rational he knows his function. Moreover, the function of things is both connected to thing’s
identity. For example, what makes a table a table is the fact that it does meet its function, if a table does
not have a surface on which we can put objects then the table defeat its purpose. The same as for
human being, what makes a human being, human being is his capacity to think and that is his function.
Without his function human being fails to be a human being.
In contemporary life, function plays an important role because it determines what kind of thing a thing
is. For example, when someone sees a new gadget in an electronic store, the first thing to do is to try to
know what functions that gadget has. After knowing the functions, then one can now claim to know the
purpose of the gadget and begins to realize what kind of gadget he has.
What function does an artwork perform? Does it have any purpose? Do all artwork have function? Does
the function make an object a work of art? These are the questions that this lesson attempt to clarify.
Objectives:
• Differentiate directly functional and indirectly functional art,
• Identify the different functional arts
• Recognize the function of some art forms in daily life and
• Apply concepts of beauty in real scenarios
• Discuss the basic philosophical perspectives on the art
Pre-Test
Note: Try to answer this without jumping forward to the lesson proper. This will make you realize that
after this lesson you will progress in obtaining our objectives. Good Luck!
Task 1. Check the different website of museum in your town or city. Using the table below list at least
10 different artworks that you have seen on the website. On the second column, identify what it is for.
Write them down on the corresponding column.
Artwork What is it for?

Lesson Proper:
A. Activity
“Before we go directly through the content of this lesson, you should finish this simple activity. Eventually,
this will make you realize that this is the right avenue for you to understand the lesson well”. You can do
it!
Try this!
Task 2. Take a look at the images, name each image and let’s see if you can guess the primary function
of each.
Answer:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
________________
https://images.app.goo.gl/TnLaBy8nGu2KDWX49
Answer:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
________________
Answer:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
________________
https://images.app.goo.gl/cTzrFJdcHAPzXM136
Answer:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
________________
https://images.app.goo.gl/YGez1oCTQWggrLNk9
Answer:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
________________
https://images.app.goo.gl/DgNQ7seTZsxRLCU66
B. Analysis
Let us recall your experience on Task 1. Write your experience here:

After answering activity 1, I realize that
______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
As a student can you relate activity 2 with your personal experience and encounter with
art?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
C. Abstraction (input, lesson proper)
https://images.app.goo.gl/LJqumUUq9nWK2uxw9
When it comes to function, different art form comes with a distinctive function. Some art forms are more
functional than the others. For example, Architecture and Applied Arts the value of art in question lies in
the practical benefits one gains from it, obviously made for a specific purpose. On the other hand
Painting and Literature one can look at the value of the product of art in and for it.
• Directly Functional Art

➢ It deals with the art that usually used daily such as tools, architectural structures, furniture,
cloth, accessories and a lot more.
• Indirectly Functional Art
➢ It deals with the art that is “perceived through senses” such as fine arts, paintings, music,
sculpture, dance, literary piece, theatrical performances and the likes.
It only means that most arts are functional, but we cannot avoid the fact that there are still other arts that
do not have direct function. We should always remember that the value of art does not depend on its
function but on the work itself.
Different Function of Arts
1. Personal Function
➢ This function tries to convey the artist personal feelings through his work of art. It is also
used to give convenience, comfort and happiness to human being.
https://images.app.goo.gl/XfMLCCk2DKRE34Dj6
2. Social Function
➢ This function connects people because art is usually used for public display and
celebration, it means it is used to influence shared behaviour, that is why art conveys
sense of family, community or civilization.
Visiting the Famous Calle Crisologo Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
3. Cultural Function
➢ This function helps art to preserve, share and transmit culture of people from one
generation to another. Art also serves as passage towards people’s knowledge, skills,
attitudes, customs and traditions of different group.
Singkaban Festival Bulacan 2019

https://images.app.goo.gl/f4sNe5tPpoMG6dTX6
4. Spiritual Function
➢ This function of art strengthens the artist work in terms of religious and Spiritual support to
the culture.
Architectural Structure of San Agustin Church Paoay, Ilocos Norte
5. Aesthetic Function
➢ This function of art helps people to have the real attitude of gratefulness to nature’s beauty,
the feeling of appreciation that is established through enjoyment when in touch with the
artwork.
Panoramic view of Shercon Ecology Park
Other Function of Art
• Physical Function
➢ This function of art deals with art that fulfils and satisfy man’s physical needs.
Weekly Zumba Dance

https://images.app.goo.gl/RGsdYVyWSdTZXaGdA
• Political Function
➢ This function of art deals with campaign art such as promotion of political agenda.
Political Campaign Ad Material

https://images.app.goo.gl/AEE6C1FdunZjLhMm8
• Economic Function
➢ This function of art deals with the involvement of money. Every reproduction of arts money
plays a big role in it.
Movie https://images.app.goo.gl/1qH79WjZPYxBGKLx5
• Historical Function
➢ Visual Category of Art such as painting, sculpture, architectural work serves as record to
historical figures and events.
Barasoain Church
https://images.app.goo.gl/6fBGnPWt3jbyXRhbAWe
should always remember that not all products of art has function,
this should not weaken the value of any art. Nevertheless, a functional object cannot be claimed to be
beautiful unless it can perform its function.
Philosophical Perspectives on Art
Art as Mimesis (Plato)
➢ According to Plato, art is an imitation of the
real and an artist is an imitator, for him
everything that we see in this world is just a
copy of the original.
➢ He believes that true entity an only be found
in the world of forms.
➢ The argument of Plato is that non-physical
forms or idea represent the most accurate
reality.
https://images.app.goo.gl/Cuc4d74a8RNEPFQ39
Art as a Representation (Aristotle)

https://images.app.goo.gl/ZsgJcak4uCmZV1tv7
➢ According to Aristotle, art is a
representation of a possible version of
reality.
➢ He believes that the true representation of
art is not just about its outward
appearance but its inward significance.
➢ The argument of Aristotle is that art may
not represent reality as it is but to provide
a vision of possible reality.
Art for art’s Sake (Kant)

➢ According to Kant, art is innately
autonomous from specific interest.
➢ He believes that art has its own reason
for being.
➢ The argument of Kent is that the
judgment of beauty is the vital element
of art, as something that can be broad
despite its subjectivity.
D. Application
Task 3: You made it!!! After gaining a full understanding and knowledge about the Functions of art and
Philosophical perspective of art it’s time to asses yourself and test your understanding about the lesson.
Answer each question as precisely yet as thoroughly as possible.
1. What art form/artwork has changed something in your life? Why account for the
experience.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Does art always have a function? Why? Support your answer. Provide your own example.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. If an artwork eased to have a function, will it remain an art? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Explain the argument of Plato about art as mimesis.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Discuss “art for art sake” according to Immanuel Kant.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Task 4: Good Job! You already have a better understanding about the Functions of Art and
Philosophical perspective of art. At this point, I want you to reflect and write your insights about
the lesson.
My Insights
Post-Test
True or False: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.
_________1.Economic function of art deals with the involvement of money. Every reproduction of arts
money plays a big role in it.
__________2.Aesthetic function of art do not helps people to have a real attitude of gratefulness to
nature’s beauty.
__________3.Aristotle believes that true entity an only be found in the world of forms.
__________4.Historical Function are the visual category of art such as painting, sculpture, architectural
work serves as record to historical figures and events.
__________5.Social function of art strengthens the artist work in terms of religious and Spiritual support
to the culture.
__________6.Personal function tries to convey the artist personal feelings through his work of art. It is
also used to give convenience, comfort and happiness to human being.
__________7.According to Kant, art is innately autonomous from specific interest.
__________8.Promotional function of art deals with campaign art such as promotion of political agenda.
__________9.Physical function of art deals with art that fulfils and satisfy man’s physical needs.
__________10.Traditional function helps art to preserve, share and transmit culture of people from one
generation to another. Art also serves as passage towards people’s knowledge, skills,
attitudes, customs and traditions of different group.
Final Requirement
Task 6: Look around your house and identify a product of art. Paste the picture of your chosen
product of art, then trace the beginning of this item and identify what functions it has (e.g.,
painting of the Last Supper in your dining room).
Photo
Narrative
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
SELF EVALUATION: Check your level of progress in this module. You will use this medium to rate your level of
your mastery of the lesson. For “PRE” column, check the level of mastery prior to studying the lesson and for
“POST” column after you have completed the module. This will give you a clear interpretation about the level of
progress you gained from this module.
-I don’t -I am starting to -Sometimes I get -I can accomplish it!

understand yet. learn. confuse. -I learn with
TARGETS -I don’t have any -I am starting to -I make minimal confidence!
idea about it challenge myself mistakes -I can do it!
Differentiate directly
functional and indirectly
functional art
Identify the different
functional arts
Recognize the function
of some art forms in daily
life and
Apply concepts of
beauty in real scenarios
Discuss the basic

philosophical
perspectives on the art
References:
Caslib, B.N., Garing D, C., & Casaul JA, R., (2018). Art Appreciation, Rex Bookstore Inc.
Panisan, W.K., Ipan-Bongabong, M.L.,Boongaling, C.G., Trinidad, M.B., (2018) . Art
Appreciation, Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
Punzalan, J.F., Bernardo R.P.,& Caberos C.E., (2019). Art Appreciation, St. Andrew Publishing
House
Online and links for images:

www.slideshare.net/JanrilDelaCruz
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/422894931/Lesson-3-Functions-and-Philosophical-Perspectives-on-Art
https://images.app.goo.gl/Cuc4d74a8RNEPFQ39
https://images.app.goo.gl/6fBGnPWt3jbyXRhbA
https://images.app.goo.gl/1qH79WjZPYxBGKLx5
https://images.app.goo.gl/AEE6C1FdunZjLhMm8
https://images.app.goo.gl/RGsdYVyWSdTZXaGdA
https://images.app.goo.gl/f4sNe5tPpoMG6dTX6
https://images.app.goo.gl/XfMLCCk2DKRE34Dj6
https://images.app.goo.gl/LJqumUUq9nWK2uxw9
https://images.app.goo.gl/DgNQ7seTZsxRLCU66
https://images.app.goo.gl/YGez1oCTQWggrLNk9
https://images.app.goo.gl/cTzrFJdcHAPzXM136
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Unit Title: Subject, Content and Artistic Elements / Principles of Art
Title of the Lesson: Subject and Content of Art
Duration: 3 hours
Introduction
Do all works of art have a subject matter? The answer to this depends on what is meant
by the term subject matter, which signifies basically what the work is about. There are
several senses of being “about” that may be referred to:
This topic tackles heart and soul of an artwork which is the subject of art. Oftentimes
beginners in art appreciation failed to understand an artwork because they focus
themselves all at once with all the factors behind it. Looking at an artwork is the first step
to understand a certain artwork, first is to focus on subject, form and content. Deepening
of understanding will follow because looking and appreciating an art work is always
subjective.
Objectives:
Differentiate representational art and non-representational art;
Discuss the difference between an artwork’s subject and its content;
And identify the main kinds of subject and the levels of meaning of
art
Pre-Test
Note: Give it a try! Are you observant enough to spot all the objects in this picture?
Task 1. Think – Pair – Share
Look at the painting below by artist David Bailly entitled Selbstbildnis mit Vanitassymbolen
List down everything that you see within the four corners of the work. List as many items
1. Painting Mixing Plate 9. Portrait of a man with 17. Portrait of a girl
lute
2. Wooden stick 10. curtain 18. book
3. Wine Glass 11. Candle 19. portrait of a man with
beard
4. Wooden Flute 12. Candle Stand 20. woman statue
5. Human Skull 13. Paper Scroll 21. Chair
6. White Human Statue 14. Flowers 22. white baton
7. Young Man Sitting 15. Bubbles 23. hour glass
8. Necklace Beads 16. Silhouette of a girl 24. flower vase
as you can in 5 minutes.

https://www.slideshare.net/janril/subject-and-content-of-arts
Objects you found in the picture
Lesson Proper:
A. Activity
“Before we go directly through the content of this lesson, you should finish this simple
activity. Eventually, this will make you realize that this is the right avenue for you to
understand the lesson well”. You can do it!
Try this!
Task 2: Based on your assumption, what are the different messages portrayed in this
painting? Write your answer in the box beside the image.
Old Couple or Musicians Sydney Brennan
This is an image of two old couples facing together and two musicians playing and
drinking with a lady staring outside the door
B. Analysis

Subject of Art – is usually anything that is represented in the artwork. It may be a person,
object, scene or event. Not all arts have subjects. Those arts without subject are called
“non- objective” they do not represent anything. They are what they are without reference
to anything in the natural world. Architecture is not representational because it does not
represent any subject in this world. Traditionally sculpture usually have subject.
The subject is the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the
artworks. We can identify an artwork by its subject.
A cat catching a bird is the subject of both works (below) However, the artists have used
form very differently. Picasso's painting (left) has exaggerated proportions to create a
highly emotional content. Conversely, the harmonious rhythms and more naturalistic
proportions in the ancient Egyptian sculpture create a very different feeling. The
differences in content were created by the differences in form, not the subject matter. The
decisions you make regarding form (type of line and shape; selection of value and color;
size of the work; type of balance, etc.) shape the work's impact and meaning.
https://theculturetrip.com/europe/france/paris/articles/top-10-cats-in-art/
Let’s take a break! “Before we move forward with this lesson let us enjoy and discover
more about the topic”
Task 3: Watch the video presentation. Go to Youtube type the URL below. After watching
this video, write your new discoveries or collect some information that seems very
interesting to you. Write or draw it on the box below.
DISCOVER
MORE
HERE!
SOURCE:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIvzDTsaEPg
MY NEW
DISCOVERIES !
Types of Subject
1. Representational or objective arts - Artworks that depict something that can easily
recognized which is real and part of this world. Even events or history that will represents
as subject should be happening in the real world. The following are representational art;
painting, sculpture, graphic arts, literature, and theater arts, although some paintings and
sculptures are without subjects
Examples:
a. Mona Lisa (1503) by Leonardo da Vinci
b. Boy Leading a Horse (1905) by Pablo Picasso
c. Palay Maiden (1920) by Fernando Amorsolo
a. b. c.
2. Non – Representational or non-objective arts - Artworks that have no resemblance to
any real subject or objects or anything from nature. It does not represent anything in this
world. NOTE: When the artist pushes abstraction further and further, eliminating
superfluous details to a greater and greater degree, a point is reached wherein all
resemblance to the original reference disappears and we are left with a shape that seems
to resemble nothing (not a person, not a place, not an animal and not a thing).
“SERENDIPITY”
Painting by: Jovita F. Punzalan
3. Abstract - Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. This
departure from accurate representation can be slight, partial, or complete. Note: -
"degrees of abstractness": the fewer similarities that the image has to its real-world
counterpart (i.e., the person, place, animal or thing that inspired the image) then the
higher its degree of abstraction. This means that any image can be slightly abstracted like
a photograph, or highly abstracted like Picasso's "Guernica"
SUBJECT OF ART
▪ The visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the artwork; the
“what”
Kinds of Subject:
1. Still Life –representing inanimate objects or non-living things placed on a table or another
setting to become a subject in a certain artwork. It is always available and capable to be
organized. e.g. a basket of fruits, a bag of groceries, a pack of cigarettes, a bunch of flowers,
and a bucket of chicken
Visual Artist: Luis J. Castro Visual Artist: Jovita F. Punzalan
1. Landscape – It depicts pictures of land forms. e.g. the volcano, the mountain, the hill, the
valley, the plain, the plateau, the cliff, and the like
“Old Baliuag” 1969 Visual Artist: Jovita F. Punzalan
Visual Artist : Jose D. Castro
2. Nature – a focused view or interpretation of specific natural elements.
Visual Artist: Jovita F. Punzalan

3. Portraiture – (pictures of men and women) It became popular before the invention of the
camera; was enjoyed only by elite: kings and noblemen; nowadays, charcoal is one of the
mediums used in doing portraits. e.g. Selfportrait by Vincent van Gogh.
Nena Castro Portrait by Jose
D. Castro 1964
4. Abstract – a non-representational work of art.
Visual Artist: Jovita F. Punzalan
CONTENT OF ART
▪ The meaning that is expressed and communicated by the artist or the artwork.
Three (3) various levels of meaning:
1. Factual meaning – Is the most rudimentary level of meaning. Extracted from the identifiable
or recognizable forms in the artwork.
2. Conventional meaning – Pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using
motifs, signs, and symbols. Established through time, strengthened by recurrent use and wide
acceptance by its audience who study them.
3. Subjective meaning – It is a particular work of art that is read and consulted. Meanings that
came from the viewers or audience’s experiences and circumstances. Meanings may not be
singular, rather, there are multiple and varied.
D. Application
Try this! Task 4: Identify which kind of subject is used in the following artworks
1. Abstract 2. Day of the Dead 3. Nature
Painted by K. Marron https://www.facebook.com/XsquaredCrossStitch/photos/a.4441804025861412/4441787339196414/ Made by Justine Olaira
4. Still life 5. Landscape 6. Portrait
Painted by J. D. Castro Painted by Luis J. Castro
Painted by J. D. Castro
Task 5: Congratulations! You have a clear understanding about the types and kinds of
subject, content of art and various level of meaning. At this point, I want you to reflect and
write your insights about the lesson
MY JOURNAL
My Insights
Post-Test
Multiple Choice. Encircle the right answer.
Questions Choices
1. These types of art have A. Abstract Art B. Visual Art

subjects that refer to
objects or events occurring C. D.Non-
in the real world. It is also Representational representational Art
known as “figurative art”. Art
2. A collection of inanimate A. Landscape B. Portrait

objects arranged together
in a specific way C. Still Life D. Day of the Dead
3. Art forms that do not A. Still Life B. Portrait

make reference to the real
world, whether it is a C. D.Non-
person, place, thing, or Representational Representational
even a particular event. Art Art
4. Natural scenery such as A. Nature Art B. Environmental Art

mountains, cliffs, rivers,
etc. C Landscape D. Horizon
5. A Mexican holiday with a A. Day if the Dead B. Christmas Holiday

vibrant artistic tradition.
C. All Saints Day D. Easter Sunday
6. A focused view or A. Landscape B. Nature Art
interpretation of specific
natural elements. C. Still Life D. Elemental Art
7. An image of a particular A. Portraiture B. Model

person or animal, or group
thereof. D. Still Life D. Both A and B
8. A sample of non- A. Portrait B. Still Life

representational work of art
C. Landscape D. Abstract
9. Is the most rudimentary A. Factual B. Conventional

level of meaning. Extracted
from the identifiable or C. Subjective D. Objective
recognizable forms in the
artwork
10 A particular work of art A. Factual B. Conventional

that is consulted and read.
C. Subjective D. Objective
Final Requirement
Task 7: Create a simple artwork
Choose your own subject, content and meaning for an artwork. Use crayons as a medium.
Create a short video clip of you telling something about your own artwork. Use your
creativity!
SELF EVALUATION: Check your level of progress in this module. You will use this medium to rate
the level of your mastery of the lesson. For the "PRE" column, check the mastery level before
studying the lesson and for the "POST" column after you have completed the module. It will give
you a clear interpretation of the level of progress you gained from this module.

understand yet. learn. confuse. it!
TARGETS -I don’t have any -I am starting to -I make minimal -I learn with
idea about it challenge myself mistakes confidence!
-I can do it!
Explain the
difference between
the subject, content
and form
Differentiate the
characteristics of
representation and
non representation
art
Explain the
characteristics of 6
kinds of subject
Identify which kind

of subject is used in
the following
artworks
Create an artwork
by choosing your
own subject and
content
References:
Caslib, B.N., Garing D, C., & Casaul JA, R., (2018). Art Appreciation, Rex
Bookstore Inc.
Panisan, W.K., Ipan-Bongabong, M.L., Boongaling, C.G., Trinidad, M.B., (2018).
Art Appreciation, Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
Punzalan, J.F., Bernardo R.P.,& Caberos C.E., (2019). Art Appreciation, St.
Andrew Publishing House
Online and links for images:

http://www.opticalillusionsportal.com/17-cool-multiple-meanings-illusion/---
https://www.slideshare.net/janril/subject-and-content-of-arts
https://www.scribd.com/document/415029843/Subject-and-Content-of-Art
Unit Title: SUBJECT AND CONTENT OF ART
Title of the Lesson: Lesson 2: Methods of Presenting the Subject of Art
Duration: 3 hours
Introduction
Every artist has his own individual and unique style of doing his artworks. This style is almost
always governed by his choice of the methods of presenting his subjects. In presenting his
subject, the artists choose the methods to clearly express his thoughts, ideas or sentiments. This
method of presenting the subject leads to a better understanding of the artist’s intention and his
effectiveness as an artist.
Traces of how these styles or methods in presenting the subjects emerge and become a point of
study is through art history. Modern art period gave birth to the art movement that leads artists
to group themselves to share common philosophy or goal, interest and style in art. Styles from
the art movement are commonly called the “isms” of art.
Methods of Presenting the subjects or styles used by the artist is interrelated with all the lessons
in lesson II. To understand and appreciate art, it is necessary to consider not only the
classifications of art, but rather to understand the interwoven relationship of subjects, mediums,
techniques, elements and principles of art and its connectivity to the styles or methods of
presenting used by the artist. This module will present art movements from the modern to
contemporary period that speak of the artist’s unique styles and methods on how to present the
subjects in art.
Objectives
● Demonstrate an effective knowledge of visual methods on how arts are being presented.
● Recognize and understand each method of presenting art.
● Demonstrate skills necessary for effective preparation of artwork for public presentation,
using a variety of methods of presenting art.
● Explain the methods used through artwork.
● Differentiate various methods of presenting the subject of art.
PRE-TEST
Task 1: Matching Type. Check your brain if you know this topic before getting down to the
lesson. This will check if you have some background regarding the methods on how to present
art. Type the letter your corresponding answer from Column B to the blank space provided on
Column A.
Column A Column B
1. ABSTRACT
"Drawing away from realism"
Painter does not show the subject as it appears in
2. Kinds of Abstract reality. Shows only his thoughts and feelings.
Painting
Elongated or extended. To emphasize a certain
purpose of the painter
3. Mangling Example: The Resurrection" by El Greco:
subjects are presented in lacerated, mutilated, or
hacked with repeated blows
4. Elongation
Distortion, Elongated, Mangling and Abstract
Expressionism
5. Distortion
A. ACTIVITY
Task 2: Based on the image and painting below, let yourself identify if the following artwork is
either Realism, Surrealism, Cubism, Impressionism, Minimalism, Dadaism, Symbolism or
Abstraction.
2.
1.
3.
4. 6.
5.
B. ANALYSIS
Task 3: After you identify the painting and images on the activity, cite your discoveries.
I realized that
C. ABSTRACTION (Lesson Proper)
Methods of presenting the art subject

1. Realism
It is the attempt to portray the subject as is.
The artist selects, changes, and arranges
details to express the idea he wants to make
clear. The artist's main function is to
describe accurately what is observed
through the senses.
Realism is a common way of presenting the

art subject. One example of this is
Amorsolo’s painting. Realism as a weren’t program of literary aesthetics emerged in Western
Literature in 1980 in reaction against the idealism of the narrow social range of earlier literary
attitudes. Realism tended to stress the daily life of a common man, often concentrating on the
sordid and disagreeable.
Jean-François Millet, “The Gleaners” (1857)
(Photo: Google Arts & Culture via Wikimedia

2. SURREALISM
Founded in Paris in 1924 by French poet
Andre Breton. It tries to reveal a new and higher reality

than that of daily life. They claim to create a magical world
more beautiful than the real one through art. It came from
the slang of super realism.
Example:
Max Ernst, The Elephant Celebes, 1921
3. CUBISM
Highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that
was created principally by the artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris between 1907
and 1914. The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane,
rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro
and refuting time-honored theories that art should imitate nature. Cubist painters were not
bound to copying form, texture, color, and space. Instead, they presented a new reality in
paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects.
Pablo Picasso: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon Juan Gris: The Sunblind
Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon, oil on canvas

The Sunblind, gouache, paper, chalk, and charcoal
on canvas by Juan Gris, 1914; in Tate Modern, London.

4. IMPRESSIONISM
A 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes,
open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often
accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement
as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles.
Impressionism originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions
brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s.
Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant (Impression,

Camille Pissarro, Boulevard Montmartre, 1897,
Sunrise), 1872, oil on canvas, Musée Marmottan
the Hermitage, Saint Petersburg
Monet, Paris.
5. MINIMALISM
In visual arts, music, and other mediums, minimalism is

an art movement that began in post–World War II
Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in
the 1960s and early 1970s. The movement is often
interpreted as a reaction against abstract expressionism
and modernism; it anticipated contemporary post-
minimal art practices, which extend or reflect on
minimalism's original objectives.
Minimalism in music often features repetition and
gradual variation. The term minimalist often
colloquially refers to anything that is spare or stripped
to its essentials.
In software and user interface design, minimalism describes
the usage of fewer design elements, flat design, fewer
options and features, and tendentially less occupied screen
space.
https://1000logos.net/instagram-logo/
6. DADAISM or DADA
The Dada movement consisted of artists who rejected the logic, reason, and aestheticism of
modern capitalist society, instead expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest
in their works. The art of the movement spanned visual, literary, and sound media, including
collage, sound poetry, cut-up writing, and sculpture. Dadaist artists usually expressed their
discontent toward violence, war, and nationalism, and maintained political affinities with the
radical far-left.
Raoul Hausmann, Mechanical Head (The HANNAH HÖCH (1889-1978)

Spirit of our Time), 1920
'Incision With The Dada Kitchen Knife Through Germany's Last

Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch' 1920 (Collage)
7. SYMBOLISM
Symbolism was a late 19th century movement whose artists communicate ideas through
symbols instead of bluntly depicting reality. It was created as a reaction to art movements that
depicted the natural world realistically, such as Impressionism, Realism, and Naturalism.
Instead of depicting their immediate reality, the Symbolists expressed emotions, thoughts and
fantasies. Symbolists were looking for an escape from their everyday life. They found a
sanctuary in their personal beliefs, fantasies, mythical and biblical stories. Love, erotism, sex,
but also fear, decadence, death, and the occult are often featured in the Symbolists works.
Gustave Moreau: Jupiter and Semele (1895)
One of the most famous artworks of Gustave Moreau portrays the love
affair between Greek god Jupiter and Semele.
As Semele makes love to Jupiter, she becomes consumed by his light that’s
represented on the piece by the crown with thunderbolts.
The artwork symbolizes the human merging with the divine that happens
after death.
The composition that’s rich in detail and colors skilfully interweaves the
themes of death, lust and resurrection.

8. ABSTRACT or ABSTRACTION
Its etymology is derived from Latin “abstractus "drawn away," or Latin
past participle “abstrahere:” from ab(s)- "away" + trahere "draw," which means
"withdrawn or separated from material objects or practical matters." It is totally the
opposite of realism.
In abstract art, the artist does not show the subject at all as an objectively reality,
but only his idea, or his feeling about it (exaggerated emotionalism). It is all about
what the artists feel and what mood they might want to portray. Abstract art is all
shapes, no real-life images, scenery, or objects
Example is the painting of Constantin Brancusi’s “Bird
in Space.” He was so impressed by the grace of a
bird in flight, by the sweep of its body as it flew
through the air. His sculptural work does not look like
Forms of Abstraction:
Distortion. This is clearly manifested when the subject is in misshapen
condition, or the
regular shape is twisted out. It is a form of emphasizing detail to the point
that something is no longer “correctly” depicted. Example is Pablo
Picasso’s The Old Guitarist. See how the left shoulder is hitched up so high
and the other shoulder barely exists; how spidery his hands are; and how
his head is twisted around unnaturally. Another is Henry Moore’s
sculptural works and the ancient Egyptian paintings and sculptural works
are good examples of this kind.
Elongation. It refers to that which is being lengthened, a protraction or
an extension. Pablo Picasso’s “The Old
Guitarist”
El Greco "Christ Crucified," a sculpture by Giambologna from around
1588, an elegant but somewhat formulaic work in which the
elongated body of Christ seems to float almost birdlike off the cross,
is an example of this.
Mangling. This may not be a commonly used way of presenting an abstract subject, but there
are few artists who show subject or objects which are cut, lacerated, mutilated, torn, hacked or
disfigured.
Abstract Expressionism. Abstract Expressionism is a modern art movement that
flowered in America after the Second World War and held sway until the dawn of Pop Art in the
1960's. With this movement New York replaced Paris as the center of the art world. In a
painting, the artists applied paint rapidly, and with force to their huge canvases in an effort to
show feelings and emotions, painting gesturally, non-geometrically, sometimes applying paint
with large brushes, sometimes dripping or even throwing it into the canvas. Abstract
Expressionism was influenced by the Existentialist philosophy, which emphasized the
importance of the act of creating, not of the finished object. What matters for the artist are the
qualities of the paint itself and the act of painting itself.
Jackson Pollock “Convergence” Jackson Pollock “Autumn Rhythm”
D. APPLICATION
Task 4: Make a research of at least three (3) artwork from the internet or from any book. Write
the Name of the artwork, Name of the artist/s, Date created or published and the website /
book. Define what method/s did the artist used on the art work. Explain it in your own words
why you think that is the method the artist used.
Name of the Artwork:
Name of artist/s:
Date created/published:
Website:
Method/s:
Your Explanation:

Name of artist/s:
Website:
Method/s:
Your Explanation:

Name of artist/s:
Website:
Method/s:
Your Explanation:
Task 5 : Choose three (3) or more Methods of presenting the subject of art and explain it in
your own words. At Least 3 or more sentences per method.
POST TEST:
Task 6: Multiple choice. Test yourself if you learn the lesson.
1. Presenting the art subject symbolically. The artist may use dove alligator, nude man,
smile, heart, lion, or slave, that may represent something. In this method, subject may
distinguish but the message/idea is not visible
❏ Abstraction ❏ Realism
❏ Cubism ❏ Symbolism
2. In this method, means beyond natural; beyond realism. Presenting art by fantastic
imagery produced by unnatural combinations. Pictures out images in the form of
dreams and fantasy.
❏ Surrealism ❏ Symbolism
❏ Futurism ❏ Realism
3. instead expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest in their works.

artists usually expressed their discontent toward violence, war, and nationalism, and
maintained political affinities with the radical far-left.
❏ Abstraction ❏ Realism
❏ Dadaism ❏ Symbolism
4. Characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition,
emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities. ordinary subject
matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and
experience, and unusual visual angles.
❏ Abstraction ❏ Impressionism
❏ Realism ❏ Dadaism
5. The artist selects, changes, and arranges details to express the idea he wants to make
clear. The artist's main function is to describe accurately what is observed through the
senses.
❏ Abstraction
❏ Realism
❏ Impressionism
❏ Dadaism
you a clear interpretation of the level of progress you gained from this module
-I don’t understand -I am starting to -Sometimes I get -I can accomplish it!

yet. learn. confused.
-I learn with
-I don’t have any -I am starting to -I make minimal confidence!
TARGETS
idea about it challenge myself mistakes
-I can do it!
Demonstrate an
effective knowledge of
visual methods on how
arts are being
presented.
Recognize and
understand each
method of presenting
art.
Demonstrate skills
necessary for effective
preparation of artwork
for public presentation,
using a variety of
methods of presenting
art.
Explain the methods

used through artwork.
Differentiate various
methods of presenting
the subject of art.
REFERENCES:
Morris, Pam (2003). Realism. London: Routledge.
Rachel Barnes (2001). The 20th-Century art book (Reprinted. ed.). London: Phaidon Press.
Trachtman, Paul. "A Brief History of Dada". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
Fried, M. "Art and Objecthood", Artforum, 1967
Rudolph Arnheim, Visual Thinking, University of California Press, 1969
ONLINE SOURCE:
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/hd_surr.htm
https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/dada/
https://www.metmuseum.org/press/exhibitions/2014/cubism-the-leonard-lauder-collection
https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/78485
http://www.theartstory.org/movement-minimalism.htm
Unit Title: Subject, Content And Artistic Elements / Principles Of Art
Title of the Lesson: Lesson 3: Elements and Principles of Art
Duration: 6 hours
Introduction:
Understanding artworks, especially visual arts, would not be possible without considering
the elements and principles of art. The elements and principles of art constitute an important
part to get familiarized with the language of art, since they are visually detectable. Elements
and principles are considered as the building blocks or ingredients of art that, when woven
together, create works of art that communicate with the audience and can evoke meaning
out of it.
Artists utilize elements and principles or visual vocabularies to come up with an organized
composition based on the rules of design. Basically, it's our entry as we take our
understanding of art to the most advanced level especially for art criticism, art analysis or
even studying a variety of artworks.
This module will widen your horizon about artistic elements and principles and the intricate
or even abstract way they are presented in an artwork. Something that you can be familiar
with the unfamiliar after exploring this lesson. Let’s begin with our journey!
Objectives/Competencies:
➢ Identify the elements and principles of art
➢ Describe the elements and principles of art
➢ Describe an artwork using elements and principles of art
➢ Critique an artwork using the artistic elements and principles
➢ Analyze an artwork using elements and principles of art
Pre-Test
Note: Let’s do this! Try to answer this without reading the lesson proper. This will
make you realize that after this lesson you will progress in obtaining our
objectives. Good Luck!
Task 1. Choose the right answer. Write the letter of your choice on the box before each
number.
1. The repetition of A.texture B.line C. rhythm D.movement
elements
2. A type of balance in A.assymetric B.symetrical C.geometric D.radial
which both sides of a al
composition are
balanced yet different.
3. The circular chart A.color Ray B. color Scheme C. color D.color Circle
used to remember Wheel
color relationships
4. The art element that A.shape B.color C.value D.texture
refers to the sense of
touch
5. Which of the following A.interest B. emphasis C.focal point D. dominant
is another word for
"center of interest"?
6. A plan for selecting A.color B. color Value C.color C.color
colors for a Wheel Scheme Harmony
composition
7. Secondary colors are A.compleme B. tertiary C.primary D.neutral
obtained by mixing ntary Colors Colors Colors Colors
this two colors.
8. Cool colors are A.red, B.green, Yellow C. purple, D. blue,
Orange and and Blue Blue and Violet and
Yellow Green red
9. An artist can create A.@/#@/#@/ B.@#?($--/#@/* C. D.@/#@/#@/
visual rhythms or #@//#@/#@/ &%//@#+?_ AAABABCAA #@/#@/#@/#
patterns that lead your #@/# HGBBAAAB @/#
eye through their work GNO
like this
10. An artist might use A.A sleeping B.A bird Flying C. The statue D.A tall tree
techniques of dog of Rizal
movement to show
11. Warm colors A. grasses in B.a fire like C. blue green D. cool forest
the field sunset horizon
12. Tints are light values A.mixing B.mixing black C.mixing D. mixing
of a color black with with orange white with Gray with
red to create create red to create blue to create
maroon mahogany pink bluish gray
13. Forms are three A. squares, B. cylinders, C. parallel D. arectangle
dimensional triangles, cubes, spheres lines with a
circles and and cone straight line
rectangles beside it
14. Shapes are flat. A.boxes, ice B.buildings, C. cylinders, D. circles,
Some shapes are cubes and statue, cars and cubes, squares,
geometric, like: ice cream bags spheres and triangles and
cones cone rectangles
15. Two things that are A.cats and B.sun and moon C.white and D.black and
very different in color dogs black gray
have a lot of contrast
Lesson Proper:
A. Activity
Before we go directly through the content of this lesson, you should
finish this simple activity. Eventually, this will make you realize that you
are heading to the right direction along the way. You can
do it! Try this One!

Task 2: The artist who paint this executed elements and principles of art. Can you find it?
Use line, arrow or circle to trace the location of elements and principles in the artwork. An
example is provided as your guide.
B. Analysis
Well done! You’ve successfully finished all your tasks above. You are fully
prepared. Now it’s time to learn our lesson
Mediums and elements are the two major factors in creating an artwork. One can easily
identify the elements through the medium used. Element is independent of medium; if we
say that a painting is made of watercolor, it is medium. But when we say that the painting is
made up of warm and cool colors, we are speaking of elements. Same also with music,
when we say that a song was accompanied by guitar or piano, we say it is medium but
when we say that the song has its pattern of melody we pertain to elements.
The elements of art constitute an important part of the language of art. Basically, elements
of art are the primary source to have knowledge in understanding and appreciating art
because they are visually detectable. Thus, artist use elements as basic component in art
making. The table below will present to you the elements and principles of art and its
images.
ELEMENTS OF ART
LINE is a mark between two points. There

are various types of lines from
straight to curve to diagonal and
more. Lines indicates direction,
orientation, movement, and energy. It
is considered as the oldest, simplest,
universal element.
Shape Shape is an enclosed area or surface.
It can be easily identified because
when a line crosses itself or intersects
with other lines to enclose a space it
creates a shape
Form It describes the structure of shape and

object from the different perspective.
Form is considered three-dimensional
showing height, width and depth.
Space Space is the surface or the area within

the artwork. It constitutes the area or
distance, between, around, above or
within things This example highlights
the importance that both negative and
positive space can have within a
design
Color Color can be considered as the most
expressive of all the elements of art.
Colors can be easily recognize in any
visual experience. The primary source
of colors is light.
Properties Hue- is the name of a color and the
of Color property which distinguishes one color
from another.
Value - is the lightness or darkness of
a hue (color).
Intensity- is the brightness or
dullness of a hue (color).
Classifi- Primary Colors - are hues which can
cation of be mixed to create all other colors, like
Color yellow, red and blue
Secondary Colors- are a combination
of equal amount of two primaries.
Orange,violet and green
Intermediate Colors- are created by
mixing a secondary color with a
primary color like red-orange, red-
violet and the like
Warm and Color can be associated with warmth
Cool and coldness in which the artist
Colors considers in any composition. All
colors can be grouped as cool colors
and warm colors. Warm colors
express warmth; they are red, yellow
and orange like sun, fire and golden
fields. Warm colors are vivid and
energetic, and tend to advance in
space.
Color In color theory, a color scheme is the
Scheme choice of colors. Color schemes are
used to create style and appeal. A
basic color scheme will use two colors
that look appealing together.
Complementary Color Scheme -

Colors that are opposite each other on
the color wheel are considered to be
complementary colors (example: red
and green)
Analogous Color Scheme -

Analogous color schemes use colors
that are next to each other on the color
wheel.
Triadic Color Scheme - A triadic color

scheme uses colors that are evenly
spaced around the color wheel.
Split-Complementary Color Scheme -
is a variation of the complementary color
scheme. In addition to the base color, it
uses the two colors adjacent to its
complement
Rectangle or Tetradic Color Scheme -

uses four colors arranged into two
complementary pairs.
Square Color Scheme - The square color

scheme is similar to the rectangle, but
with all four colors spaced evenly around
the color circle.
Value Right next to color, value can suggest

emotional and dramatic impression by
using lightness and darkness in a
composition. Value is referred to
Chairoscuro meaning lightness and
darkest (from the Italian word chiaro
“clear” and oscoro “dark”.
Texture Texture- is found in all visual arts. It is the
- element that deals primarily with the
Real sense of touch or the tactile sensation or
and stimuli. It is how the surface in a certain
Implied composition feels.
Let’s take a break! “Before we continue with this lesson let us enjoy and discover more
about the topic”
Task 3: Watch the video presentation. Go to Youtube and type the title of the video or type
the URL.After watching this video, write your new discoveries or collect some information
that seems very interesting to you. Write or draw it on the box below.
Elements of Art Principles of Art
DISCOVER
MORE
HERE! SOURCES:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_HkQuI6n-Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pigFSxi25qc&list=
PLUPyLCL_r37YfalHGuBUXBzbaGO6l4tef
MY NEW
DISCOVERIES !
Principle of Art
Principles of design is used to organize the elements of art in a certain composition.
Basically, it is the strategies in creating a good and beautiful design. It is the proper
arrangement of different elements to come up with a pleasurable art experience for the
viewers. The effectiveness of elements of art will defend on the proper usage and
manipulation of the principles of design which is the guiding principles and rules in art. The
principles of arts and design are the following:
1. Emphasis – In visual art, emphasis or subordination is the focal point or the center of interest
in an artwork, it catches our attention so easily while the rest are subordinated.
2. Balance - It has something to do with visual weight. An artist deliberately uses other
elements like value, color and texture to create visual weight and balance. An illusion of
stability with the proper use of certain elements is necessary in creating balance.
a. Symmetrical Balance – The most stable among the kinds of balance is symmetrical
Balance or formal balance. When one side of the composition mirrors the other.
b. Asymmetrical Balance or Informal balance - it is achieved when one side of the
composition does not reflect the design of the other but visually balanced.
c. Radial Balance – elements and objects have a central point. There is a circular
distribution of elements and objects in a composition.
3. Harmony- It is essential to beauty. It is achieved by using similar elements and establishing
pleasing relationship with other elements through a body of work.
4. Variety – This principle creates an interest and appeal in a body of work. Using differences
and change may result to increasing visual interest.
5. Movement – It adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewer’s
eye throughout the picture plane.
6. Rhythm- A regular repetition of elements can produce implied movement. Artists create
visual rhythm by repeating art elements and creating patterns.
7. Proportion or Scale – The comparative relationship of one part to another with regards to
size. It is also the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work.
8. Unity – It can be accomplished by using all elements and some principles to create a pleasing
image. Unity is the feeling that everything in the work of art works together and looks like it
fits.
9. Contrast- Contrast can provide interest and excitement in an artwork or to any visual
experience. Two things that are very different create a lot of contrast (complementary colors,
for example).
D. Application
Task 4: Congratulations! Now that you have a complete knowledge and
understanding about the elements and principles of art and enjoyed all your tasks. I
know that you are ready to asses yourself and gauge your understanding about our
lesson. Try this!
Answer the following questions:
1. Is there rhythm without repetition? If yes why? If not, why do you say so?
2. Among the principles of art, which one would you consider as the most important? Why?
3. After your thorough study about the lesson, do you think you would look at an artwork same
as before? Why?
4. If you are an artist how will you arrange and orchestrate elements to incorporate some
principles in your artwork/artworks?
5. Can you consider elements and principles of arts as building blocks of composition in visual
arts? Why?
Task 5: Well done! You have a clear understanding about the elements and principles
of art. At this point, I want you to reflect and write your insights and experience about
your journey in this lesson.
MY JOURNAL
My Insights
Post-Test
Choose one painting. Attach a small copy of the painting on this page. Describe the artwork
using elements and principles of art. Identify the elements and principles of art present in
the artwork.
Elements How will you describe the Principle s How will you describe the
of Art elements in the artwork? of Art principles of art in the artwork?
Final Requirement
Task 7: Criticize or evaluate an artwork using this steps. Choose one painting for this
activity. Try to be creative and resourceful with your paper presentation. You can use
separate sheet of paper to be attached at this page. You can visit this site:
https://www.wikihow.com/Critique-artwork?amp=1 on how to critique artwork.
1. Describe- Say something about the details of the artwork like. Who is the artist? What is the
title, size, medium of the artwork? And when it was created.
2. Analyze- What are elements and principles used and how does the artist used them to
organize the elements and principles in the artwork? What is the overall visual effect
or mood of the artwork?
3. Interpretation - An interpretation seeks to explain the meaning of the work based on what
you have learned so far about the artwork, what do you think the artist was trying to say?
4. Judgement - After careful observation, analysis, and interpretation of an artwork, you are
ready to make your own judgment. This is your personal evaluation based on the
understandings of the work.
SELF EVALUATION: Check your level of progress in this module. You will use this
medium to rate your level of your mastery of the lesson. For “PRE” column, check
the level of mastery prior to studying the lesson and for “POST” column after you
have completed the module. This will give you a clear interpretation about the level
of progress you gained from this module.

-I can do it!
Identify the
elements and
principles of art
Describe the
elements and
principles of art
Describe an artwork
using elements and
principles of art
Critique an artwork
using the artistic
elements and
principles
Analyze an artwork
using elements and
principles of art
References:
Ballo, G., (1989). The Critical Eye. A new Approach to Art Appreciation, William
Heinemann London
Caslib, B.N., Garing D, C., & Casaul JA, R., (2018). Art Appreciation, Rex
Bookstore Inc. Devilles G., Maiquez R., & Tolentino R., (2018). Art Sense,
Sensing the Arts in Everyday, C&E Publishing Inc.
Menoy, J.Z., (2009). Introduction to the Humanities, A Holistic Approach,
Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Panisan, W.K., Ipan-Bongabong, M.L.,Boongaling, C.G., Trinidad, M.B., (2018) .
Art Appreciation, Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
Punzalan, J.F., Bernardo R.P.,& Caberos C.E., (2019). Art Appreciation,
St. Andrew Publishing House
Electronic Sources:
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=art-
knowledge_1 https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?title=art-knowledge_1
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-
school/story.php?title=principles-art
https://www.hebisd.edu/cms/lib/TX50000437/Centricity/Domain/76/documents/Elementary%20Art%20
Curric ulum%20Framework/Elements_and_Principles_of_Art_A.pdf
https://hhsrop.wordpress.com/2016/09/05/elements-of-art-in-photography/
http://gr7rm109.weebly.com/visual-arts-links--assignments.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-sac-
artappreciation/chapter/oer-1-9/
https://stpaulhs.wordpress.com/2015/12/07/the-color-wheel/
http://teresabernardart.com/elements-of-composition/
http://teresabernardart.com/good-design-principle-introduction/
Unit Title: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ART
Title of the Lesson: Art History Timeline
Duration: 2 weeks
Introduction:
You might wonder when art started. Is it as old as human beings? When we speak of art
history, we speak of when art first evolved and its wide view on the beginning of human
creativity and its development in many different parts of the world. Like in any history
subject, you might be tempted to get confused in art history with unending successions,
names, dates, images and movements but worry not because this module will surprise
you with the glimpse of the story of art from the dawn of human history to the present day.
Traces of art history correlates on the entire history of humankind, from prehistoric to the
twenty-first century. Human history and the history of art began about 10,000 B.C. Visual
representation was essential to people of the prehistoric era. Other artistic endeavors of
early human had to shape tools with form and function. The earliest evidence of tool
making was two million years ago and improved during the Palaeolithic period (40,000 to
8,000 B.C.) (Dissanayake, 1988).
Stone Age cave dwellers were artists who represents animals with which they came into
daily contact in their cave paintings. In the prehistoric period, ways of life and the quality
of life was greatly influenced by art. The arts help explain meaning, truth, spirit, social
values, religion, and other foundations of human culture (Anderson, 1995).
In early history, the arts were not viewed as separate disciplines, such as dance, painting,
and music, but rather as integrated with each other and with life. The arts were objects
and performance combined with rituals and customs that identified the beliefs and values
of a society’s culture (Anderson, 1995). Thus, art from all historical periods reveals
insights about man’s thoughts, his imagination, and his perceptions of the world.
Objectives
❖ Identify the aesthetic beauty of major period of arts around the globe.
❖ Differentiate the different major period of arts
❖ List different famous arts around the globe
❖ Develop and create exceptional arts based on the major of arts
❖ Analyze the impact of history of arts in our arts today
Pre-Test
Challenge yourself!
Task I
Note: Hi students, kindly challenge yourself by answering this pre-test by not looking
and finding the answers from this module.
I. Answer the following questions. Choose the letter of the correct answer from
the box.
a. pre-historic period e. mannerism g. baroque period

b. dadaism d. romanticism h. impressionism
_____1. These arts embraced the struggles for freedom and equality and the
promotion of justice.
_____2. These arts are in the form of engravings, rock carvings, sculptures, pictorial
imagery, and stone arrangements.
_____3. Artists in this era followed suit by reviving Renaissance ideals of beauty,
infusing into the era's artwork, music, and architecture.
_____4. These arts can be considered as the first distinctly modern movement in
painting.
_____5. Artists in these arts emerged from the ideals of Michelangelo, Raphael, and
other Late Renaissance artists, but their focus on style and technique
outweighed the meaning of the subject matter.
II. Write true if the statement is correct and false if it is not.

_____6. Vincent Van Gogh is an artist from Neo-classicism period.
_____7. Realism is known as the first modern movement in art, which disallowed out-
dated methods of art
_____8. Rococo started in Paris, this is about stylish painting, decorative art,
architecture, and sculpture.
_____9. Jackson Pollock was known for his unique style of drip painting and he is an
artist from abstract expressionism period.
____10. Art was now meant to come forth from within the artist was established in
impressionism period.
Lesson Proper
A. Activity
Task 2: INTERNATIONAL MUSEUM JOURNEY. Visit any of the following

international museums and galleries like Muśee du Louve in Paris France, British
Museum in London, Smithsonan Institute in Washington D.C., Hermitage Museum
in St. Petersberg Russia, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, Uffizi
Galerry in Florence Italy, Museo del Prado in Madrid Spain, Vatican Museum at
Vatican, National Archeological Museum in Athens and Rijksmuseum in 118
Amsterdam Netherlands.
*You can visit any of these museums and galleries on YouTube with source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0wRme2HT9. You can visit other international
museum and galleries on YouTube.
Once you have finished your tour, kindly write your perspective on how the arts in
the world change over the years.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
B. Analysis
Think about it!
Task 3. Since you already have a background and write your own perspectives
about the art history timeline, kindly answer these question for further
understanding.
What image or subject in every artwork from the art history that dominates the
world? What are the most influential images from generation to generation?
Why?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
What significant role does museums and galleries served in promoting arts
throughout the generations?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
C. Abstraction
Let us take a look at this table which briefly outlines the art periods / movements,
characteristics and example of artworks that make up major art period and how art
evolved to present day.
Art Periods Characteristics Chief Artist and
/Movement Major Artworks
Paleolithic Art -Is consists of realistic images of large animals, most of Cave Paintings
Stone Age which are known from fossil evidence to have lived in Altamira, Spain
40,000 – 8,000 BCE the area
-Humans were hunter-gatherers– day revolved around
food
- Portable art- could take with them
- Stationary art- cave walls
- Art was about food and fertility
Mesolithic Art or -This was a period when humans developed new Lamp with Ibex
Middle Stone Age techniques of stone working. Design (Engraved
40,000 – 8,000 BCE -Painting became utilitarian and was created with a ston
purpose for use La Mouthe Cave,
Dordogne, France
Neolithic Art or -Along with development in agriculture, this period was -Stonehenge
New Stone Age also marked by the use of refined weapons and tools -Jericho (Great
8,000 – 1,500 BCE - Man learned many new things, which included using Stone Tower)
new tools for sculpting, creating pottery, painting etc.
Egyptian Art -The Egyptians were interested mainly in architecture Imhotep, Step
5,000 B.C.- 300 A.D. and sculpture. Pyramid, Great
-Many of their paintings, particularly those that Pyramids, Bust of
decorated their tombs, they gave drawing precedence Nefertiti
over color.
-Much Egyptian painting, therefore, was done for the
sake of the dead.
Greek Art -The art of the ancient Greeks and Romans is called Parthenon, Myron,
1700-1400 . classical art Phidias,
-They had learned to represent the human form Polykleitos,
naturally and easily, in action or at rest. Praxiteles
-They were interested chiefly in portraying gods,
therefore, they portray ideal beauty rather than any
`particular person
Roman Art -Known for their architecture and engineering rather Augustus of
1700-1400 . than art such as painting, pottery, and sculpture Primaporta,
-Strong desire for realism Colosseum,
-Practical and utilitarian Trajan’s Column,
-Colossal to show Roman power Pantheon
Asian Art -Chinese, Japanese, Indian Gu Kaizhi, Li
653 b.c-1900 a.d -Oldest and continuous kind of art– traditional Cheng, Guo Xi,
-Painting, sculpture, pottery, decorative arts Hokusai, Hiroshige
-Ceramic factories showed wealth and power of
emperors (still have today)
-Serene, meditative art; Nature
-Ink on silk or paper
Christian and -The themes were about soul, not the beauty of the The small private
Medieval Art 313 - body of Greeks and Romans. Wilton Diptych for
1,420 AD -Art was symbolic, more on Christianity Richard II of
-Earliest Christian art found are in catacombs England, c. 1400,
-The mosaics are reflective with stamped gold
backgrounds and
much ultramarine.
Byzantine -The Eastern Rome Hagia Sophia,
A.D.476-1853 -More abstract & symbolic than Roman art Andrei Rublev,
-Long, Narrow, Solemn faces– Bodies faced front Mosque of
-Religion- icon image of Jesus Christ Córdoba, the
-Dedication of Constantinople- capitol city, ruled by Alhambra.
Constantine
Islamic -Architecture, calligraphy, painting, glass, ceramics, Scene from the
a.d. 476-1453 textiles (rugs) Khamsa of Nizami,
-Maze-like designs, repeating elements- arabesques Persia
- Infinite and indivisible nature of God
Middle Ages and -Also known as the Dark Ages: decrease in prosperity, St. Sernin, Durham
Gothic Art stability, and population Cathedral, Notre
500-1400 -Art was associated with churches because it was Dame, Chartres,
costly, so almost all art was religious Cimabue,
-Gothic art: brighter colors, sculptures, realism, Duccio, Giotto
naturalism, stained glass, symmetry
Renaissance Art -Rebirth Monalisa
1400-1550 -The quest for precision and greater realism culminated (Leonardo)
in the superb balance and harmony La Pieta
-Leonardo, Raphael, Michaelangelo and Donatelo (Michaelangelo)
-Naturalism, 3D, realism The Sistine
-Anatomy & human emotion Madonna
(Raphael)
Baroque and -It happened because of religious supremacy Reubens,
Rococo 1600-1750 -Catholic Church criticized against the conservative Rembrandt,
Protestant Reformation Caravaggio, Palace
-Artists revived the Renaissance ideals of of Versailles
exquisiteness, integrating into the era's artworks.
-This highly embellished forms and techniques by its
advanced details and styles.
Rococo started in Paris,
-This is about stylish painting, decorative art,
architecture, and sculpture.
-It is considered by lightness and sophistication,
concentrating on the use of asymmetrical design,
natural forms, and subtle colors.
Neo Classicism and It is generally about a high respect for classical David, 1801.
Romanticism 1750– antiquity, Napoleon Crossing
1850 -It naturally pursues to be restrained and formal. The Alps
-A sudden rushing of rhythmic movement a violent
prominence would have ruined those completeness
and qualities of balance
-This era also creates a wide acceptance in different
styles.
Realism -It is known as the first modern movement in art. Jean-François
1848–1900 -Realist painters changed the unwavering images and Millet, “The
literary vanities of traditional art with real-life events for Gleaners” (1857)
the reason
-Working in a chaotic era which manifested by revolt
and extensive social change,
-Their styles is to brought everyday life into their
paintings was an initial appearance of the avant-garde
yearning to unite art and life.
19th Century Art -Began in Paris by a group of artists Monet, Manet,
Impressionism 1865- -Name comes from Monet’s painting, “Impression Renoir, Pissarro,
1885 Sunrise” Cassatt, Morisot,
- Studio painting in itself was unnatural to them when Degas
MODERN ART the real world was “out there”. So it was there that they
PERIOD 1860s to painted, outside, seeking to capture the fleeting effects
the 1970 of the light and to give the real impression of a passing
moment
Post - -Continued impressionist style, but emphasized
Impressionism geometric forms Van Gogh,
1885-1910 -Exaggerated an aspect of impressionism Gauguin, Cézanne,
-Impasto- thick application of paint– shows off texture Seurat
20th CENTURY ART and paint marks
1990- 1990 -soft revolt against impressionism movement
Fauvism 1900-1935 -first movement of this modern, in which color rule Matisse, Kirchner,
supreme Kandinsky, Marc
- Harsh colors and flat surfaces, emotion distorting
form.
Expressionism -It proclaimed innovative ideals in the creation, The Scream
1905-1920 formation and judgment of art. Edvard Munch
-Art was base from within the artist,
-The standard for evaluating the excellence of a work
of art became the characteristic of the artist's
Cubism, Futurism -It started in the outcome of Pablo Picasso's shocking Picasso, Braque,
and Constructivism -This era is a rapid research and experimentation Leger, Boccioni,
1907-1914 between Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Severini, Malevich
- Pre– and Post–World War 1 art experiments: new
forms to express modern life
Dadaism 1915 -Dada was the main ancestor to the Conceptual Art Fountain Marcel
movement, Duchamp
-The emphasis of the artists was not on making
appealingly attractive objects
-It produces tough interrogations about society.
Surrealism 1917- -Automatisms permitted artists to decline conscious Dalí, Ernst,
1950 thought and hold chance when making art. Magritte, de
-Supressed inner worlds of desire, sexuality, and Chirico, Kahlo
violence gave a hypothetical origin for much of
Surrealism
Abstract - Post–World War II: pure abstraction and expression Gorky, Pollock, de
Expressionism without form; popular art absorbs consumerism Kooning, Rothko,
(1940s–1950s) and Warhol,
Pop Art Lichtenstein
(1960s)
Postmodernism and - Art without a center and reworking and mixing past Gerhard Richter,
Deconstructivism styles Cindy Sherman,
(1970 ) Anselm Kiefer,
Frank Gehry,
Zaha Hadid
Other 20th Century -adventurous freedom
Art -explosion of creativity and expression
Minimalism , Post -broad spectrum of intention and experience
Minimalism ,
Installation Art,
Hyperrealism,
Conceptual art ,
Sound art and more
20th -21st Century -art of today -digital art
Art or - started in the second half of @0th century or in the 21st -electronic art
Contemporary Art century -computer art
-technologically influenced arts -New media art
-very lack in uniform, organising principle, and ideology. -computer graphics
-concern with cultural identity, personal, family, and more
community and nationality
Task 4: To enjoy a high visual experience, you can watch this video presentation on
YouTube to see the different example artworks from different timeline. Full Art History
timeline. Source: wmv- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-LUhRf4yhE
D. Application
Task 5: Create a horizontal timeline of lists of other examples of arts in different
period. If you are not satisfied with your working sheet, you can use other sheet
of paper for this activity to be attached in this module during submission period.
Be creative!
Post-Test
Task 6: Write A, if both statements are true. B, if the first statement is true and the second
statement is false. C, if the first statement is false and the second statement is true. D, if
both statements are false.
___1. The Middle Ages, often referred to as the “Dark Ages. Much of the artwork
produced in the early years of the period reflects that darkness,
characterized by grotesque imagery and brutal scenery.
___2. Realist artists often employed swirling, swaying, and exaggeratedly
executed brushstrokes in the depiction of their subjects. These techniques
were meant to convey the turgid emotional state of the artist reacting to
the anxieties of the modern world.
___3. Michael Angelo is an artist from baroque period. One of his famous art is
La Pieta.
___4. Arts in classical period refers generally to a high regard for classical
antiquity. The art in this period typically seeks to be formal and restrained.
___5. Romantic works yearned for the past. Their paintings often featured natural
disasters.
___6. Impressionism can be considered the last distinctly modern movement in
painting. Its originators were artists who rejected the official, and were
consequently, shunned by powerful academic art institutions.
___7. Fauvism started in the outcome of Pablo Picasso's shocking. In addition, it
exhibited forms in an illusionistic space, portraits.
___8. Impressionism is studio painting in itself was unnatural to them when the
real world was “out there”. This movement also started on the period of
1848-1900.
___9. Dada was the main ancestor to the Conceptual Art movement. The
emphasis of the artists was not on making appealingly attractive objects
__10. One of the famous artists of Surrealism is Vincent van Gogh. One of his
works is entitled Starry Night.
Reflection/ Learning Insights
Task 7: Reflection Insights: Congratulations! You have a clear understanding about the
timeline of major arts in different periods. In this moment, I want to reflect and write your
insights about the lesson.
My Journal
_______________________________________________________________________________________
\
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Post-Test
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Final Requirement
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Task 8: Based on your own understanding about the history of arts. It’s time for you to
create your own artwork. Choose one of the types of artwork and create your own. You
can use other sheet of paper for this activity to be attached in this module during
submission period.
Self-Evaluation
Check your level of progress in this module. You will use this medium to rate your level
of your mastery of the lesson. For “PRE” column, check the level of mastery prior to
studying the lesson and for “POST” column after you have completed the module. This
will give you a clear interpretation about the level of progress you gained from this module.
-I don’t -I am starting -Sometimes I -I can
understand to learn. get confuse. accomplish it!
TARGETS yet. -I am starting -I make -I learn with
-I don’t have to challenge minimal confidence!
any idea about myself mistakes -I can do it!
it
Identify the
aesthetic beauty
of Western, Asian
and Philippine arts
Differentiate the
Western, Asian
and Philippine arts
List different
famous arts
around the globe
Discuss the
history of arts
Analyze the
impact of history
of arts in our arts
today
Develop and
create exceptional
arts based on the
history of arts
References
Beckett W. (1994) Sister Wendy’s, Story of Painting , DK Publishing Inc.New York
Invaluable (2019). Art History Timeline: Western Art Movements and Their Impact.
Retrieved from: https://www.invaluable.com/blog/art-history-timeline/
Nievas, M. (2017). History of Art: Asian Art. Retrieved from:
https://design.tutsplus.com/articles/art-history-asian--cms-27815
Punzalan, J.F., Bernardo R.P.,& Caberos C.E., (2019). Art Appreciation, St. Andrew
Publishing House
Unit Title: Local Arts
Title of the Lesson: Local Arts in Bulacan
Duration: 3 hours
Introduction
Local art is concerned with artworks produced in a specific location. It can be a

neighbourhood, local community, city, town or a province.
In this module, we will focus more in our very own local arts here in Bulacan. Our province
is very rich in arts and culture. Bulacan is well known for diverse traditional arts like
architecture, weaving, curving, performing arts, pottery, literature and others. Some of
them – Barasoain Church, Malolos Congress, Obando town fiesta, Francisco Balagtas,
Pangkat Kawayan, Enchanted Farm (Gawad Kalinga), Philippine Arena, revolutionary
heroes, and the hometown of many great National Artists like Col. Antonio Buenaventura,
Francisca Reyes Aquino, Nicanor Abelardo, Gerardo De Leon, Guillermo Tolentino and
Honorata Dela Rama.
Our province is also home to emerging young visual artists in the international scene like
Demi Padua, Jason Cortez, and Welbart. The Dumagats have also their indigenous arts
and crafts that are uniquely recognizable as their output of being crafty and productive
artistically.
Objectives:
Upon successful completion of this module, the students should be able to:
Develop an appreciation for local arts;
Discover and deepen their own identity through art with respect to their locality;
Deepen their understanding of their very own culture.
Identify local arts in Bulacan
Pre-test
Note: Give it a try! Test yourself by answering the activity without browsing the
discussions. It’s a way to challenge yourself, believing that you will be surprised at its
result when we get through with this lesson. Good Luck!
Task 1: TRUE/FALSE Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Write T on the
space before the number if you think a statement it TRUE and write F if you think the
statement is FALSE.
______1. Meycauayan is the center of jewelry production in the Philippines.
______2. Bamboo art is also a leading handicraft business in Meycauayan, Guiguinto
and Plaridel.
______3. Malolos is famous for its capiz products.
______4. Buntal weaving in Baliuag is more than a hundred years old already and was
started by Mariano Ponce.
______5. Buntal refers to the fiber obtained from the stalks of pandan plant.
______6. Singkaban is a well decorated bamboo arch.
______7. The pabalat or pastillas wrappers are made from colorful parchment papers.
______8. Pabalat or pastillas wrappers in San Miguel, Bulacan is also known as borlas
de pastillas.
______9. Singkaban are also those embellished bamboo arches used during
Santacruzans and parades.
______10. There are about 2,000 registered and unregistered jewelry manufacturers in
Bulacan.
Lesson Proper:
Task 2
A. Activity
“Before we go directly through the content of this lesson, list down some of the local arts
you know in our province.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
B. Analysis

Bulacan Local Arts
1) Pabalat or “Borlas de Pastillas”

Making pastillas wrappers in San Miguel, Bulacan is truly a labor of love. It is also famous
as borlas de pastillas. Borlas de Pastillas are intricately-designed wrapper made from
Japanese paper or “papel de hapon” which is decorated with linear, curvilinear, organic
and geometric designs. The real challenge in designing borlas de pastillas is through the
cutting process after the design is traced using a stencil. The design includes bahay kubo,
bukid, farmers planting, traditional Filipina women wearing traditional clothes,
landscapes, plants and flowers (sampaguita), different figures or even traditional
festivities like fiestas.
As we plunge into this contemporary era this kind of local art is slowly dying and
diminishing. The passing of Luz Ocampo, an artisan, marked an end of life but not this
intricate craft that she helped nurture and preserve for most of her life. Borlas de Pastillas
became more popular after a series of workshops conducted by Ocampo in 2010 where
baraggay workers were taught on the process of paper cutting through the support of
Cultural Center of the Philippines Outreach and Exchange Division. Cultural workshops
such this kind extend widely in public school and teachers enrolled under Graduate
Diploma in Teaching Arts (GDTA)
Vigan City in Ilocos Sur with some business establishments are now selling a delicacy
called Canutillo (also called Canatillo) wherein it is wrapped with pabalat inspired by
Bulacan’s Borlas de Pastillas. ( Sonny Cristobal of National Commission for Culture and
the Arts , NCCA)
url po ….. Simple designs by: Jovita F. Punzalan

2) Singkaban (Decorated bamboo arch)
Bamboo art is also a leading handicraft business in Meycauayan, Hagonoy and Malolos
areas. A celebrated art, elaborately designed bamboo arches adorn streets and church
doors during town fiestas. One will also see these embellished bamboo arches during
Santacruzans and parades. Every second week of September, grand bamboo arches are
displayed on the streets to celebrate the Singkaban Festival at Malolos
Singkaban Bamboo Arch designed by Mang Kiko Eligio

3. Buntal Weaving
Buntal refers to the fiber obtained from the stalks of the talipot palms. The fiber is mainly
used in weaving hats and bags. These craftworks are commonly sold before in Baliuag
public market, and the prices depend on the size, color, and complexity of the design.
Based on the book ‘Baliuag Then and Now,’ which was written by Rolando Villacorte, the
weaving industry in the town is more than a hundred years old. It started when Mariano
Deveza, a Lucban, Quezon native, went to Baliuag with a bag of buntal fibers in tow. This
sparked the interest of the locals to weave hats using the fiber. From 1907, buntal weaving
industry flourished in the town of Baliuag.
Buntal hats made in Baliuag
Let’s take a break! "Before we continue this lesson on Bulacan Local Arts, let us enjoy
and discover more about the richness of Bulacan Arts."
Task 3: Watch the video presentation. Go to Youtube and type the title of the video or
type the URL. After watching this video, write your new discoveries or exciting part that
struck you most below. You can also draw your experience and discoveries below. After
completing this task, continue reading the lesson below.
Bulakeyo, Dangal ng Lahi 2018 Puni: The Art of Leaf Fronds
Folding
DISCOVER
MORE
HERE!
SOURCES:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFkYnYjKi_w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXBkqTv8jHs
MY NEW
DISCOVERIES!
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
4. Barasoain Church
In architecture, a highly decorative and theatrical style is called Baroque style. One very
good example is the Barasoain Church located in our province capital, City of Malolos. It
was built in 1888 and today it is officially known as Our Lady of Mount Carmel Parish. It
was originally founded by Augustinian priests in 1859. It is also called the “Cradle of
Democracy in Asia”, being the site of the First Philippine Republic that makes it very
important historically.
Visual Artist : Crispin Rebutiaco 2006

5. Puni Art
Puni is a traditional art of coconut leaf or palm “buli” fronds folding. It is one of the dying
art in Bulacan. This creative leaf folding is one of the most popular art during the time of
our heroes and has been part of everyday lives of children as they used it as toys. Puni
has its particular functions such as decorations including ceiling of old houses, main
attractions during fiestas and other celebration and beautification of arc during Stacruzan
and other festivities. The undying use of Puni is evident during Holy Week. According to
Ms. Rheeza Hernandez, an advocate for Puni Art, “palaspas” during Holy Week
celebration then and now uses Puni as creative design for coconut leaves taken from
“palapa” of coconut trees.
Today Puni Art is being advocated by Malolenyo cultural advocate Ms Rheeza Hernandez
and Ms Gigi Garcia. Being members of Malolos Puni art Group they worked on the
restoration of this pearl of the past. The creative art of weaving goes back to time
immemorial and today this particular craft from Malolos should be preserved and handed
down to younger generations so that it will still be part of our arts and culture amidst our
highly digital world.
Works of Jovita F. Punzalan

https://www.facebook.com/
punidemalolosleaffoldingart/photos/
6. Capiz Products
The town of Bocaue provides various handicrafts made from capiz shells. Aside from
lanterns, other proudly Bulacan-made products are lamp shades, Christmas décors,
candle holders, placemats, curtains, table runners, coasters, and many more.
These type of arts and crafts make for the best souvenirs upon going home from your
visit in Bulacan. Know, whenever you take home one, you are taking home not just the
creativity of the Bulakeños, but also how they take pride in these world-class handiworks.
Capiz Product Manufacturers:

Adorza Handicraft
7. Jewelry Making/Gold Smith
The Jewelry Industry in Bulacan

There are about 2,000 registered and unregistered jewelry manufacturers in Bulacan
mostly located in the municipality of Meycauayan which is considered as the center of
fine jewelry production in the Philippines. The following data was based on trends
established in the Jewelry Industry Study for the province conducted by the (DTI)
Department of Trade and Industry, 97% of the firms are single proprietorship. The oldest
firm was established in 1957 while other firms were organized between 1968 and 1973.
Almost all of the firms are Filipino-owned where more than half of the firms belong to the
small business scale category.
https://www.jewelquestmarketing.com/

Task 4: Congratulations! You have a clear understanding about the Local Arts and the
different famous local arts in Bulacan. At this point, I want you to reflect and write your
insights about the lesson
MY JOURNAL
My Insights
Post-Test
TRUE/FALSE Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Write T on the space
before the number if you think a statement it TRUE and write F if you think the statement
is FALSE.
______1. Bamboo art is also a leading handicraft business in Meycauayan,

Guiguinto and Plaride
______2. Meycauayan is the center of jewelry production in the Philippines.
______3. Buntal weaving in Baliuag is more than a hundred years old already
and was started by Mariano Ponce.
______4. Malolos is famous for its capiz products.
______5. Singkaban is a well decorated bamboo arch.
______6. Buntal refers to the fiber obtained from the stalks of pandan plant.
______7. Pabalat or pastillas wrappers in San Miguel, Bulacan is also known

as borlas de pastillas.
______8. The pabalat or pastillas wrappers are made from colorful parchment
papers.
______9. There are about 2,000 registered and unregistered jewelry

manufacturers in Bulacan.
______10 Singkaban are also those embellished bamboo arches used during
Santacruzans and parades.
Final Requirement
Task 6: Create a simple vlog
Create a very simple vlog about the local arts in Bulacan by using some pictures or some
materials as an example. Be creative!
SELF EVALUATION: Check your level of progress in this module. You will use this
medium to rate the level of your mastery of the lesson. For the "PRE" column, check the
mastery level before studying the lesson and for the "POST" column after you have
completed the module. It will give you a clear interpretation of the level of progress you
gained from this module.

-I can do it!
To have a deep
understanding of
local arts
To become familiar
with the different
local arts in Bulacan
Explain the
characteristics of
different local arts
in Bulacan
Identify the origin

and location of each
local arts in Bulacan
References:
Online References
https://www.amaialand.com/news-and-events/bulacans-best-arts-and-crafts/
https://www.jewelquestmarketing.com/jewelry-making-philippines/
https://www.bulacan.gov.ph/business/jewelry.php
Unit Title: DISCIPLINE OF ART
Title of the Lesson: Visual Art
Duration: 3 hours
Introduction
The visual arts are those creations that we can see rather than something like the auditory arts,
which we hear. These art forms are extremely diverse, from the artwork that hangs on your wall.
These are the arts that meet the eye and evoke an emotion through an expression of skill and
imagination. They include the most ancient forms, such as painting and drawing, and the arts
that were born thanks to the development of technology, like sculpture, printmaking,
photography, and installation art, the latter combination of multiple creative expressions.
Though beauty is in the eye of the beholder, different eras in art history have had their own
principles to define beauty.
Objectives:
1. Describe, analyze and interpret created artwork in painting, architecture, sculpture and
photography.
2. Recognize elements of design in works of art in painting, architecture, sculpture and
photography.
3. Analyze visual and structural features of works of art and architecture.
4. Differentiate and categorize art work in painting, architecture, sculpture and
photography.
5. Perform basic camera shots and angles to capture images.
PRE-TEST: Identification
Task 1: Check your brain if you know this topic before getting down to the lesson. This will
check if you have some background regarding the three classical branches of art. Write your
answer of the blank provided before each question
___________________1. This is the process of painting with pigments with a medium of drying
oil as the binder.
___________________2. This is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and
constructing buildings or other structures.
___________________3. Give one of the materials to be used in making sculptures.
___________________4. How is the sculpture being done?
___________________5. This is the process of taking a picture.
A. ACTIVITY:
Task 2: Based on the images or picture given below, cite the characteristics of each of them
based on your own interpretation. Compose at least 2 sentences or more per picture.
Picture A Picture B Picture C Picture D
Picture A: _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Picture B: _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Picture C: _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Picture D: _____________________________________________________________________
B. MANALYSIS:
Task 3: Based on your description, discuss briefly the similarities and differences of each picture
or images.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
C. ABSTRACTION
WHAT IS VISUAL ART?
1. The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics,
photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts, and architecture.
2. Visual arts refers to art experienced primarily through the sense of sight.
3. The three classical branches of visual art are painting, sculpture and architecture -
according to Vasari, Giorgio in the book “The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters,
Sculptors, and Architects”.
THE THREE CLASSICAL BRANCHES OF VISUAL ARTS:

1. PAINTING
1. The art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use
of pigments (A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water.)
1. The practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface
1. OIL PAINTING
1. Pigments are mixed in oil
2. The most familiar type of painting is done with oil on canvas.
3. The surface to be suitable must receive oil paint freely and yet not absorb it, can
withstand temperature changes and not crack the pigment on it.
4. Oil color is the best method for convincing representation where exact reproduction of
a color tone is necessary.
5. Pigments can come from many sources: minerals, vegetable matter, coal tars, and other
chemical combinations
Watch oil painting in action: https://youtu.be/l6TAzCBNqgE

Duration: 3:33
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. texture of the pigments)
6. TEMPERA PAINTING
1. Mixture of ground pigments and an albuminous or colloidal vehicle, either egg, gum, or
glue, used by Egyptian, Medieval, and Renaissance painters.
2. Special characteristic: EMULSION
3. Watery, milk-like texture of oily and watery consistency.
Advantages of Tempera
- Rapid drying
- Great luminosity of the stone
- Colors are clear and beautiful
Watch tempera painting in action: https://youtu.be/GXzaLMR7VQI

Duration: 3:10
4. WATERCOLOR PAINTING
1. Pigments are mixed with water and applied to fine white paper.
2. Require a high degree of technical dexterity.
3. Paper is the most commonly used for ground.
4. Opaque watercolor is also called “gouache”
5. Made by grinding opaque colors with water and mixing the product with a preparation
of gum and adding Chinese white to transparent watercolors.
Watch watercolor painting in action: https://youtu.be/wYLAsh24yyE

Duration: 3:55
6. PASTEL
1. The most recent medium
2. Possesses only the surface of light, gives no glazed effect, and most closely resembles
dry pigments.
3. Pigment is bound so as to form a crayon which is applied directly to the surface, usually
paper.
4. As support for pastel, a pastel paper, pasteboard or canvas is used.
Watch pastel painting in action: https://youtu.be/bSAowdxfWOE

Duration: 3:20
5. FRESCO PAINTING
1. Fresco means fresh. Fresco painting is a wet plaster made of sand and quick lime.
2. Colors are mixed with water and applied to fresh plaster which absorbs the color.
3. Since the pigment has been incorporated with the plaster, it lasts until the wall is
destroyed.
Watch pastel painting in action: https://youtu.be/jWwJ9Xuq84E

Duration: 3:03
4. ACRYLIC PAINTING
1. The newest medium and the one that is used widely by painters today.
2. Synthetic paints using acrylic emulsion as binder.
3. Combined with transparency and quick-dry qualities of watercolor and as flexible as oil.
4. It is completely insoluble when dry and can be used almost on any surface.
Watch acrylic painting in action: https://youtu.be/wobXMrVBNAw

Duration: 3:00
1. SCULPTURE
1. Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.
2. In choosing a subject for sculpture, the most important thing to consider is the material.
3. Substances available for sculpture are limitless.
4. Some of the earlier sculptures are made from bone or wood.
5. Different materials required different methods of handling.
KINDS OF SCULPTURE MATERIALS

1. Stone and Bronze
1. The media most commonly used for sculpture are stone and metal.
2. Stone is durable, resistant to elements, fire and other hazards. On the other hand, it is
heavy and breaks easily.
3. Marble is the most beautiful of stones. Plenty in Greece and Italy and commonly used.
High gloss and polished; more or less permanent.
4. “Pieta” by Michael Angelo in the Vatican City & The head of Ptolemy I are made of
marble.
Watch stone sculpting in action: https://youtu.be/LRTvZGV4O-I

Duration: 3:30
Note: Observe the materials being used (e.g. how is it being done)
5. Wood
Wood carving is a form of woodworking by means of a cutting tool in one hand or a chisel by
two hands or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a mallet, resulting in a wooden figure
or figurine, or in the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object.
Watch stone sculpting in action: https://youtu.be/t7FULOl9U5U

Duration: 2:52
6. Ivory
Ivory Statues survive through long periods of time due to the intrinsic value of the material.
Ivory lends itself to technical mastery. Popular to ordinary craftspeople. Many statues of saints
have heads and arms made of Ivory. Ivory lacks the vigor of wooden statues. Like wood, it also
cracks. Seldom used today.
7. Terra Cotta
“Terra Cotta” means “Cooked Earth”. It is made when Moist Clay is molded and then subjected
to heat. Moderately Coarse Clay product fired at a comparatively low temperature. Usually
painted and coated in heavy glaze. Breaks and Chips Easily, not strong; cannot stand great
strain or weight.
Watch Terra Cotta sculpting in action: https://youtu.be/_vZVH2e7bq0

Duration: 5:01
Other Materials
1. Aluminum
2. Chromium
3. Steel
4. Plastic
5. Chemically Treated Clay & Stone for casting in liquid form
*** Plastic is less expensive for use as a casting material than metals and less fragile in many
ways. Beauty; lightness makes it preferable to other materials.
Aluminum Sculpture
Steel Scupture
3.ARCHITECTURE
Architecture is the branch of the visual arts that is designing and constructing buildings.
Materials In Architecture
The materials used in a building and the methods which are used in assembling them are
among the factors contributing to architectural style. Availability of materials is important.
Durability and beauty is the basis of choosing the materials.
Some world’s famous Architecture:
St. Basil Cathedral, Moscow Colosseum, Rome

The Pyramids of Giza, Egypt
Taj Mahal, India
Hall of Supreme Harmony, China
The Burj Al Arab Hotel,
Dubai
4. PHOTOGRAPHY
1. Also a branch of Visual Art defined as the art, application and practice of creating
durable images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or
chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is
employed in many fields of science, manufacturing and business, as well as its more
direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass
communication.
2. Photography is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a digital sensor or
film, to create an image. With the right camera equipment, you can even photograph
wavelengths of light invisible to the human eye, including UV, infrared, and radio.
Camera Shots and Angles (selected)

1. Extreme Close-up - goes beyond the standard close-up by focusing on a single feature of
the subject.
2. Close-up - Aims at creating a stronger connection to the subject. To easily emphasize
the emotion and details of the subject.
3. Medium Shot - A subject is captured from the center of its body to its top. The entire
body is not completely visible, but close enough to establish a primary connection with
the subject.
4. Full Shot or Long Shot - Allowing to see not only the subject but also its environment.
Full shots help to take photographs that establish a subject’s position within the world.
Other times, a subject can be surrounded by seemingly endless isolation.
5. Low Angle - Taking a photograph from a low angle, also known as a ‘worm’s-eye view’,
makes subjects appear larger than normal. The lens sees the scene from a point of
humility while the subject towers over the world. A photograph taken from a low angle
to help establish dominance or power.
6. High Angle - Looking at the exact opposite situation, the high angle can be used to make
a subject appear small or vulnerable. Commonly known as the ‘bird’s-eye view’.
7. Eye level - The eye level shot is considered the most natural camera angle. Capturing
the shot at eye-level offers a neutral perception of the subject.
8. Aerial Shot - Captured above the subject/s, in well spended movies, Aerial shot usually
taken from a helicopter or drone, is captured from way up high. It establishes a large
expanse of scenery.
9. Dutch Angle or Dutch Tilt Shot - The camera is slanted to one side. With the horizon
lines tilted in this way, you can create a sense of disorientation, a de-stabilized mental
state, or increase the tension.
Examples and Patterns in Camera Shots:
Dutch Angle
Aerial and Overhead

Shots: Shining God's Eye
Additional topic:
Film, also called movie, motion picture or moving picture, is a visual art-form used to simulate
experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere
through the use of moving images. These images are generally accompanied by sound, and
more rarely, other sensory stimulations.[1] The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is
often used to refer to filmmaking and the film industry, and to the art form that is the result of
it.
Watch different techniques in Camera Angles and Shots

URL: https://youtu.be/_vZVH2e7bq0
Duration: 7:56
D. APPLICATION: Part 1
Task 4: Write a paragraph about your personal experience for each Branches of Visual Art. You
can take a picture of this artwork or search it from the internet or book. Explain why or how it
became influential to your life.
Write your words in a 1 whole yellow pad and print the image (if any) to a bond paper. Or
compile it in one document as Docx, PDF, ppt etc...
APPLICATION: Part 2
Task 5: Choose a subject of your choice, either object, person or any. Use your phone camera to
try the Camera Shots and Angles. Compile it in any document format (Docx, Google Docs, WPS,
PDF)
POST TEST
Task 6: Identification:Check yourself if you got the lesson.
____________________1. Painting that the pigments are mixed in oil.
____________________2. Painting that is watery, milk-like texture of oily and watery

consistency.
____________________3. Painting that the pigments are mixed with water and applied to fine
white paper.
____________________4. Painting that the pigment is bound so as to form a crayon which is

applied directly to the surface, usually paper.
____________________5. Painting that the colors are mixed with water and applied to plaster
which absorbs the color.
____________________6. Marble is the most beautiful of this sculpture material. Plenty in
Greece and Italy and commonly used. High gloss and polished;
more or less permanent.
____________________7. Carving this sculpture material is by means of a cutting tool in one
hand or a chisel by two hands or with one hand on a chisel and
one hand on a mallet.
____________________8. Cooked earth means "______________"
___________________9. Camera Shot or Angle that is considered the most natural camera
angle.
__________________10. Shots that help to take photographs that establish a subject’s position
within the world.
Reflection/Learning Insights
Task 7: Reflection: After watching the videos and reading the content of Visual Art. Describe the
things you have learned in each branch of visual art (Painting, Sculpture, Architecture and
Photography). Compose at least 3 or more sentences per branch.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________
you a clear interpretation of the level of progress you gained from this module.
-I don’t understand -I am starting to -Sometimes I get -I can accomplish it!
yet. learn. confused.
-I learn with
-I don’t have any idea -I am starting to -I make minimal confidence!
TARGETS
about it challenge myself mistakes
-I can do it!
Describe, analyze and

interpret created artwork
in painting, architecture,
sculpture and
photography.
Recognize elements of
design in works of art in
painting, architecture,
sculpture and
photography.
Analyze visual and

structural features of
works of art and
architecture.
Differentiate and
categorize art work in
painting, architecture,
sculpture and
photography.
Perform basic camera

shots and angles to
capture images.
REFERENCES:
"Paint | Definition of Paint by Merriam-Webster." https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paint.
Accessed 13 Aug. 2020.
Mayer, Ralph,The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, Third Edition, New York: Viking, 1970,
p. 312.
"Art Materials". Daler Rowney. 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-05.
"aquarelle, n.". OED Online. March 2020. Oxford University Press.
Mora, Paolo; Mora, Laura; Philippot, Paul (1984). Conservation of Wall Paintings. Butterworths. pp. 34–
54.
Ward, Gerald W. R., ed. (2008). The GroveEncyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art. Oxford
University Press. pp. 223–5.
en.museicapitolini.org (in Italian).
Liebson, Milt (1991). Direct Stone Carving. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 0-88740-305-0. Page 9.
Robert L. Thorp, China in the Early Bronze Age: Shang Civilization, University of Pennsylvania Press
(2013).
See for example Martin Robertson, A shorter history of Greek art, p. 9, Cambridge University Press, 1981
https://www.cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/resources/pub/E-Ivory-guide.pdf
"architecture". Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture
Spencer, D A (1973). The Focal Dictionary of Photographic Technologies. Focal Press. p. 454. ISBN 978-0-
13-322719-2
https://photographylife.com/what-is-photography
https://petapixel.com/2015/09/22/8-camera-angles-from-the-world-of-cinema-that-can-help-improve-
your-photos/
https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/types-of-camera-shot-angles-in-film/#aerial-shot
Unit IV: Performing Arts
Lesson 2: Music and Dance
Duration: 3 hrs
Introduction
Performing arts is one of the classifications of art wherein the artists use their
bodies and voices to express message in a creative manner. Performing artist express
his emotion, feelings, sentiments or taste through performance like, music, dance, spoken
word, theatre, musical play and others. The arts and skills in performing arts require a
performance in front of public audience.
True enough that performing arts covers a wide range of disciplines, this lesson
will focus only music and dance.
According to Nielsen Music (2017), 90% of the population listens to music. On
average, they spend 32.1 hours a week of which comprise of 41% listening time though
streaming; 24% from radio, 14% digital music library, 11% physical music formats and
9% for other means.
Under music and the curriculum, (George-Hemming, Westvall, Music
Education Research. 2010), music is stated to influence the individual on a number of
different levels of perception, which eventually makes it to be an important tool for
expressing ideas, and impressions and for developing social skills.
Dance also contributes to aesthetic, moral and intellectual values as well as
enhancing physical adeptness and overall well-being. Plato asserted that dance trains
the mind and soul to differentiate among those forms of actions, feelings, and ideas
capable of producing nobility of character and refinement of mind. (Carter,
1984). Basically, both music and dance are unique forms of aesthetic expression as an
integral part to the education of students.
Objectives:
During the three-hour period, you are expected to:
➢ Explain music and dance as art forms.
➢ Distinguish the elements and features of music and dance.
➢ Demonstrate appreciation to music and dance through watching and listening to
videos.
➢ Create an analysis to a particular piece in music and dance separately by crunching
its elements.
Pre- test
Note: Give it a try! Test yourself by answering the activity. Good Luck!
A. Identify the symbol asked for each item.
1. Circle the half note.
2. Circle the eighth note.
3. Circle the whole rest.
4. Circle the sixteenth rest.
5. Circle the whole note.
B. Identify the category of the following dances. Circle your answer.

6.Cha-cha-cha
A. Solo dance B. Group dance
C. Partner dance D. Folk dance

7.Festival dance
A.Solo dance B. Group dance

8. Ballet
9. Tango

10. Hip Hop
Lesson Proper:
A. Activity
Before we go directly through the content of this lesson, you should finish this
simple activity.
Task 2. Answer the following questions.
What type of music do you prefer listening What type of dance are you interested
to? Describe the good characteristics you performing or watching? What makes it
like about it. interesting for you?
What type of music and dance do you find less
interesting and entertaining? And why do you say
so?
B.Analysis
Let us recall your experience on Task 1 and task 2. Write your experience here:
After answering activity 1and 2, I realize that
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
C.Abstraction (input, lesson proper)
Music
“Music is an art, a craft and a science involving the conscious organization of sound
and silence in the framework of time for the purpose of effecting communication between
men,” (Winold, 1966).
Music, as it is found in all societies, is considered the most universal type of

performing arts, often as an integral part of other art forms and other fields of cultural
heritage that inculcate traditions, festive activities, custom and traditions.
We might argue that such a concept is so general and inclusive that many items
that are generally not considered music may be related to it. Are the notes hitting a cat
unintentionally as it walks over a piano keyboard to be called music? Possibly not;
however, if we record this sound, alter it electronically to create various pitches and
durations and arrange them as composers of the electronic compositions of today, then
we might legally mark the music of the product.
Elements of Music
According to Allen Winold, there are five elements of music:

1. Rhythm. It is the flow of music. It is the part of music that deals with the notes' accents,
durations and rhythm. When integrated with an arrangement called melody, it is often
better understood.
Figure 1. This is the theoretical illustration of rhythm which encompasses the
different kinds of notes and rests, and its corresponding value.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin
/
2. Melody. A set of single tones arranged in patterns of ascending and descending that
add up to a whole that can be recognized as a whole. It has direction, form and continuity;
a melody starts, moves and ends. Tension and release, anticipation and arrival are
expressed by the up and down movement of its pitches.
Source: @Filipino Music Sheets
3. Dynamics. Loudness and softness

Source:of@Filipino
a sound. Loudness
Music Sheets is indicated by special words
or symbols such as forte-loud, fortissimo-very loud and fortississimo-very very loud.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/
English Italian Abbreviations
Very soft pianissimo pp
soft piano p
Moderately soft Mezzo piano mp
Moderately loud Mezzo forte mf
loud forte f
Very loud fortissimo ff
Growing
Source: softer
1966 Decrescendo
Winold, cresc.
Eelements of Musical
Understanding
Growing louder Crescendo decresc.
Source: @Filipino Music Sheets
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/
4.Texture. It refers to the relationships between any simultaneously sounding elements
in music such as tones, melodies, rhythms, etc. The three basic textures used in music
as monophonic (one melody alone), homophonic (one main melody with accompaniment)
and polyphonic (two or more independent melodies sounded simultaneously).
➢ Monophonic: Someone Like You (A capella cover)
Source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTchyZ6gsMI&list=PL-5wm7QJscofFst-
uwwy2KkyYnsKIthYQ
➢ Homophonic:: National Antem (Duet)
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-JyGHGsXD8
➢ Polyphonic: Paru-parong Bukid (Choral Singing)
Source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvnBlDlih88
Types of Music
According to the Prof. Herminio M. Suarez in his book understanding the
fundamentals of music, here are some of the types of music.
Orchestral Music is the regular selection of several musicians (more than eighty)
grouped by their instruments, led by their years of experience and practice of sheet music
and the conductor.
● Symphony. It consists of four (sometimes three) movements. Usually, by the kind of
emotion they are meant to evoke, they vary from each other.
● Suite. (Pronounced as sweet, French for a sequence) It is an organization of short

movements, either self-composed or taken from the composition of someone else..
● Overture. It is a piece of composition that acts as the curtain-raiser to the opera.
● Concerto. It consists essentially of three movements produced solely to allow the soloist
instrument to shine out. This is different from a symphony in which all instruments play in
unison.
● Ballet. It is orchestral music focused on the movements of dance. During the Romantic
period, this form was developed and nurtured.
Incidental music is directly related to the stage music; it provides the motion to an act.
The sections are short and often repetitive.
● Chamber music. This is musical work composed specifically for a smaller instrumental
arrangement (smallest than an orchestra.
● Opera. The most famous form of classical music in the Baroque era. It's an orchestra
that's set for a whole play. The composition can be created to complement an act or
display a character 's emotions on a colorfully crafted backdrop.
Popular Music. Includes many kinds of music, such as folk music, country musicm jazz,
rock music, and music from musical comedies and films.
Dance
Dance, usually accompanied by music, is a rhythmic and expressive movement of
the body in successive motion. It is one of the oldest arts that actually reflects the age-
old need of man to communicate various emotions such as happiness, sorrow,
excitement, and others.
For almost all occasions, dance literally began as man's own life, in whatever
aspects such as birth, death, curing the ill, asking for forgiveness, war, marriage-dancing
were celebrated. There are dances that show appreciation for a good harvest, or just a
pleasurable expression of the body in the celebration of religious festivities. It uniquely
intensifies different moods and emotions that somehow deepen everybody’s feelings.
Dancing can be both an art and a hobby for many generations.
As an art, a story is said to set one's mood to convey those feelings. It somehow
offers relaxation, compassion and enjoyment as a means of leisure. Dance is a mixed
form, since it focuses on the body's movements and is timed to music. A dance without
music is very hard to picture. Therefore, a dance can be well done in this sense if it uses
costumes, lighting, certain stage scenery and music.
Features of Dance as Art Form

There are two kinds of movement Macario Gayeta. These follows: movement
within the body which includes the hand and arms and movememt from one space to
another as walking, running, etc. But now movement can be classified as dance.
1. Music. It is closely related to dance for it plays a significant role on it. It is used as
accompaniment that somehow motivation the dancer’s movement.
2. Movement. It refers to action of dances with the use of their bodies to create
organized patterns.
3. Theme. It pertains to the content or main ingredient of dance. It actually conveys the
message of the dance.
4. Techniques. It refers to the skill in executing movement. As dancer, one needs to
have complete control over the muscles of his body for him to be said technically
proficient.
5. Design. It refers to the arrangement of movements according to pattern in time
(either fast or slow) and space (one’s position in relation to his background).
6. Properties and Costumes. These contribute to the visual effect of dance. The
costumes can somehow relate closely to the beliefs and environment of people.
Elements of Dance
According to Gilbert's dance principles, space, time, and force (energy) are the
elements of motion or dance. It is the body that is the instrument. The body moves with
force in the space of motion and in time. It is important to interpret the dance concepts
holistically. Both components of dance are combined all the time when taking part in
dance. The distinction between concepts here serves as a way of thinking about,
organizing, and analyzing dance.
❖ Space. Where is movement performed?
❖ Time. When is movement performed?
❖ Force. How is movement performed?
❖ Body. What is being used to perform?
❖ Form. How is dance structured?
Movement Space
1. Direction-is the line of movement taken which maybe forward, backward, sideward,
diagonal, upward or a combination of those mentioned.
2. Level- is movement through space that maybe done at a high, low, or medium level.
3. Range- refers to the area covered as the body moves.

4. Floor Pattern- the path or design that is made while moving in space is what is termed
as floor pattern.
Categories of Dance
There are many types of dances around the world and they can be divided into two
principal categories that each has subcategories :(Castro, 2010)
1. Dance categories by number of interacting dancers are
2. Dance categories by main purpose
Dance categories by number of interacting dancers are:

A. Solo dance- ‘a person” dances alone like ballet, jazz and hip hop.
■ Ballet is established on techniques that have been developed over centuries.
■ Jazz- has become the most popular dance forms in recent years.
■ Hip hop- is a dance form, generally dance with hip hop music.
B. Partner dance- The guy is usually the leader and the woman, the follower, in any partner
dance. They maintain a link with each other as a law. The dance is called handhold, when the
link is loose.
■ Rumba- a dance that tells a story of love and passion between a strong, male lover and a
coy, teasing woman. Full of sensual movements.
■ Cha-cha-cha- its characteristic three-step change of weight carried the identifying verbal
definition, “cha-cha-cha”.
■ Tango- has various styles that differ in both tempo and basic dance movements. The tango
styles can be divided into two categories: close embrace and open embrace.
C. Group dance- are danced by groups of people at the same time, as opposed to solo dance
and to partner dancing.
■ Folk dance- a form of dance often performed by a group of people who wish to conserve or
express a national or ethnic sentiment and shows traditional life of the people of a country or
region.
■ Line dance- is a group of people dancing in one or more lines performing the same
movements.
■ Round dance-in the first category are often ethnic, folk or country dances. The dances
related to sicial ballroom often belonging to the second category.
D. Application
Task 4. Listening Activity
Direction. Listen and watch to different types of music and dance. Then in a short bond
paper, paste screenshot pictures of the compositions you have listened to.
5 music. (Overture, symphony, popular music)
5 dances. (Solo, partner and group)

And write the following:
A. Title
B. Element that has been given emphasis
C. Mood of the music/dance.
Task 5. Tiktok Challenge. Tiktok is a short-form, video-sharing app that allows users to
create 15-second or 60-second videos.
Direction: Choose from the different types discussed, one music and one dance. Perform
it through the TikTok app. Then, upload it on our FB closed group.
Direction. Answer the given question.

To what extent do you believe that music and dance contribute to your personal aesthetic
fulfilment?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
___________
Post Test
Task 6. Task 6: Test your knowledge here!
Direction. Identify what is being described in the following items.
1. Consists of three or four movements portraying different kinds of
emotion with which each movement is designed to invoke. _____________
2. A baroque music considered the most popular type which is accompanied by an

orchestra set to an entire play with great costumes and sceneries. _______________
3. It is a composition that serves as a curtain-raiser in an opera. _____________
4. An orchestral music which is intended for a dance. ____________

5. Includes many kinds of music, which can be sung and known by the
audience. ____________
6. The most prominent dance established on techniques over centuries. ____________

7. A dance that tells a story of love and passion between a man and a woman showing
sensual movements. _______________
8. A dance which is characterized with a three-step change of weight. ____________

9. This is danced by groups of people unlike solo dance and to partner dancing.
______________
10. A category of dance where the man is usually the leader and the woman, the
follower.______________
11. A series of tones in ascending and descending pattern making a recognizable whole.
______________
12. The flow of music through time. _____________
13. The action of dances with the use of their bodies to create organized expression.
____________
14. It means a “book” in language. ______________
15.It refers to the content or main ingredient of dance. _____________

Final Requirement
Music Analysis/Dance Analysis
Direction. Choose either music or dance. Research and discuss about the following
aspects of the piece.
1. Title
2. History
3. Dominant elements/features for the entire piece.
4. Mood and/or theme.
5. Personal insights about the piece.
References
Allen Winold, 1966, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall, Inc.

Herminio M. Suarez, Ed.D., 2012, Understanding the Fundamentals of Music, 316
Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan, St. Andrew Publishing House
Macario G. Gayeta, 2010, Art: Texts and Contexts An Interactive Workbook in

Humanities, 16 Concha St. Tinajeros Malabon City, Jymczyville Publications
Jovita F. Punzalan, 2019, Art Appreciation, 369 Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan, St. Andrew
Publishing House
Electronic Sources
Chapter 1, Elements of Music PDF

https://wmich.edu/mus-gened/mus150/Ch1-elements.pdf
Elements of Dance: Dance Concepts PDF
https://www.kpbsd.k12.ak.us/Workarea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=36260
Suggested Readings/Reference
Dance Slideshare
https://www.slideshare.net/jomarigingo/dance-14908246
Value of Notes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYcEOpn6ZVo
Unit III. Performing Arts
Lesson 3 Theatre and Cinema
Duration 3hrs
Introduction
Theatre and cinema were and still are an efficient means of spreading social
consciousness in many ways, as a means of entertainment and a liberal way of voicing
one's opinion.
As the cultural customs and historical forces that influenced over the centuries,
theater in the Philippines is varied. The dramatic forms among the numerous people of
the archipelago that flourished and continue to flourish includes indigenous theater. The
play with Spanish influence, among that are komedya, the sinakulo, the plays, the
sarswela and the drama; and the theater with Anglo-American influence, which includes
bodabil and the plays in English and the modern or original plays. Primarily Malay
character that are seen in rituals, mimetic dances, and mimetic customs.
Film also relies on complex technology compared to theatre, since it involves

machinery and collective effort from participants to create it. But over the years, it has
developed into a highly successful, lucrative global industry and today's most common
creative representation and communication in a short period of time. The Philippine
cinema has a history that can be traced back to the early days of filmmaking in 1897,
when imported moving images were screened by a theater owner called Pertierra.
Learning Objectives
During the discussion, the student will be able to do the following:
✓ Describe theater and cinema as art forms.

✓ Analyze the elements and features of theater and cinema.
✓ Demonstrate value to theater and cinema through watching to videos.
✓ Perform, with a partner, a famous dialogue in a movie through available app like
tiktok, movie maker, etc.
Pre-Test
Note: Give it a try! Test yourself by answering the activity. Good Luck!
Direction. Analyze the following items. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE
if not.
_____ 1. Exclusively with live audience in which the choreography is precisely planned
to carry out a major sense of drama is called cinema.
_____ 2. Theater is making motion pictures by capturing a story visually.
_____ 3. Cinema is a movie theater.
_____ 4. Walang sugat is a zarzuela credited with dislodging the komedya as the
dominant theater form in Manila.
_____ 5. Four sisters and a Wedding tells the story of the romance between the young
couple, Primo and George, who dream of building a life together.
Lesson Proper:
A. Activity
Direction: Answer the given question.
1.What is your favourite film or musical play ? What are the commending qualities that
make it unique from among others?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What was the most unforgettable scene from your favorite film or musical play?
Describe it.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
B. Analysis
Let us recall your experience on Task 1 and task 2. Write your experience here:
Theater
After answering activity 1and 2, I realize that
___________________________________________________________________________
Theatre or theater, in dramatic arts, an art concerned almost exclusively with live
___________________________________________________________________________
audience in which the choreography is precisely planned to carry out a coherent and
___________________________________________________________________________
major sense of drama. While Cinema is a movie theater, cinema or cinema hall, known
___________________________________________________________________________
as___________________________________________________________________________
a picture house, the pictures, picture theatre or movies is a building for viewing films
for___________________________________________________________________________
entertainment (Gayeta, 2010).
C. Abstraction
Elements of Theater Arts
1. The playwright and his play. In terms of real acts and

dialogue, the playwright needs to carry out his story to be
executed and spoken by actors within the stage 's minimal
facilities.
2. The performer. It is important for projects to serve as
character impersonation within a play and its responses and
reactions to the situation in which it is involved.
3. The director. The director's job is to present, in terms of
the playwright's emotional and intellectual conception, a play
he has interpreted and converted into dramatic action with
complete devices such as environments, sound and others.
Source:
4. Production design. It's called mise-as-scene, too. All the liveworksheets.com
scenery and sets, make-up and costumes, music, sound and

other potential effects used in the theater production are
included.
5. Theater space. It is widely referred to as the point. With the
intention of bringing life into motion where the viewer can see
it, it is said to be an acting field.
Source: Philippine Stagers [email protected]
Forms of Theater Space

A. Proscenium or Picture Frame Stage. During the Italian Renaissance, it was
introduced. In auditoriums and halls, it is typically formal. It is the stage which is
most widely used.
B. Thrust or Trestle Stage. It was developed by ancient Greeks and used for their play
festivals.
C. Booth Stage. It is said to be an open-air acting area as improvised and is usually used
by traveling troupes who have no access to a stage acting area theater situated in
the center of a square or a circle and surrounded by the audience.
D. Arena Stage or Theater-in-the-Round. This kind of space is often found outside the
theater for the acting area of the stage which is located in the center of the square
or circle and the audience surrounds it.
E. The created or Found Stage. This is non-conventional theater staging for the
venue, such as ordinary spaces, lecture halls, streets, restaurants, etc. are not
really used for acting.
What is Cinematography?
The art and craft of making motion pictures by visually

capturing a story is cinematography. Cinematography, however, is
theoretically the art and science of capturing light either
electronically on an image sensor or chemically on film.
It is the creation of images you see on screen. A series of

shots that form a cohesive narrative. Cinematography composes
each shot, considering, where everything in frame demands
attention.
Source: @ssip.wordpress.com
Technical Elements of Cinematography
1. Exposure
Exposure is one of the first things to remember when taking a shot. We're going to look at this
separately from lighting, because although both are connected, the camera regulates exposure,
while lighting is an environmental factor.
2. Composition
The composition of the picture is the second strongest aspect of cinematography. How
are the picture 's distinct parts arranged? Are your subjects in the center or on the side of
the image? Background or foreground?
On the big screen, the composition is particularly visible. The sides or the backdrop of a shot can
be easy to miss on a smartphone. You are more likely to note the extras in the background or
the characters on the outside of the frame on a large screen.
3. Camera Movement
The only thing moving during a scene might not be your characters. You will have to
determine whether you want a moving or static camera for each shot.
Cameras had less freedom of movement in the early days of cinema than they do today.
A tracking shot may require setting up a long track of a dolly. A 360-degree shot meant
hiding the crew and camera equipment strategically where it wouldn't be seen.
With the rise of steady cams and even drones these days, without breaking the fourth wall or
depending on an intricate camera rig, anyone can do a tracking shot.
4. Camera Angles
The angle of the shot is another essential aspect of cinematography. Some of the most
subtle camera movements, in fact, are simply shifts in the angle of the camera.
Tilting up from the feet of a character to their face might underline their height. The opposite
effect can be created by an overhead shot that tilts down. Titling can generate a Dutch angle
diagonally, which can produce a feeling of dizziness or unease.
5. Color
The use of color is often overlooked as a cinematography element. Is that not the work of
the stage designer? Or, the costume designer in the case of clothing?
Although the director and other crew members can make certain decisions, the way color
shows up on camera is a crucial part of your position as a cinematographer.
Sources: wolfcrow.com, masterclass.com
Ways to Appreciate Movies as an Art
1. Study the lessons in the previous chapters and get familiar with the fundamental
concepts of photography, music, and design elements and principles.
2. Expose yourself to movies of various kinds. They claim that in order to understand films
better, one must watch a thousand films of various genres and styles. Watch films,
documentaries, experimental films from various countries that are critically acclaimed.
3. Watch your movie more than once. Repeated viewing will allow you to remove yourself
and critically criticize the film.
4. To help you gain a broad understanding of their style as an artist, watch films by the
same director.
5. Be concentrated. When watching movies, determine which part of the movie you are
not interested in analyzing. You can choose to examine how the director used and/or
manipulated technical elements such as composition, lighting, editing and sound to tell
his story or concentrate on his message or what the film has to say about different social ,
cultural or political issues. (Punzalan, Bernardo, Caberos 2019, Art Appreciation
Some Famous Philippine Theater Compositions

Walang Sugat 1902
As the dominant theater type in Manila, this sarswela is

credited with dislodging the komedya. Set in the last decade of
the 1890s, in the middle of a war with Spain and later with the
Americans, it revolves around the love story of Tenyong and
Julia. A revival was created at the Cultural Center of the
Philippines by the Zarzuela Foundation of the Philippines in 1970.
Guided by Daisy Avellana Hontiveros. Tanghalang Pilipino,
directed by Dennis Faustino in 1992 and Carlos Siguion-Reyna
in 2012, produced their own productions. In 2010, Tanghalang
Ateneo presented its own production, directed by Ricky Abad, with Salvador Bernal's
same set and costume designs used in the 1992 staging of Tanghalang Pilipino.
Ang Huling El Bimbo, 2020
Ang Huling El Bimbo is a friendship tale told through

the songs of the most popular 90's Pinoy rock band. It is an
original tale that should resonate with individuals who
understand how our lives are formed by the powerful
connection between mates. It will also be a journey of
nostalgia, guided by songs that have become part of the
collective consciousness of Pinoy. Produced by Resorts
World Manila and Full House Theater Company, Ang Huling
El Bimbo is written by Dingdong Novenario and directed and
choreographed by Dexter Santos.
Noli Me Tangere: The Opera, 2019
The musical presentation follows the story of Juan
Crisostomo Ibarra, who, after conducting scholarly studies in
Europe, returns to the Philippines. He wants to open a school
and marry his betrothed, Maria Clara. "Parish priest Padre
Damaso, archenemy of the Ibarras, however, is out to hiinder
the plans of Crisostomo, producing" a dramatic plot of prohibited
passion, deception and revenge. Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me
Not) depicts the abuses suffered by the native Indios at the
hands of Spanish tyrants. The opera paints us a clear picture of
the so-called social cancer that illustrates the rotten system of
governance, the illicit ways of the church and the unfavorable
trade of the privilege class.
Some Famous Philippine Films
Himala (1982)
Himala, recipient of the Bronze Hugo Award at the 19th

Chicago Film Festival and a Viewer's Choice Award at the 2008
CNN Asia Pacific Screen Awards, follows the story of a young girl
in her small town in a remote northern village whose dreams of
the Virgin Mary are stirring. The film was shot in just three weeks
and stars Nora Aunor, a much-loved Filipino actress, in what many
analysts rate as her career's best performance.
Sources: cnnphilippines.com, rwmanila.com
Hello, Love, Goodbye, 2019

Hello, Love, Goodbyel, a romantic drama starring Kathryn
Bernardo, Alden Richards and Maymay Entrata, tells the story of
Joy and Ethan, two Hong Kong-based Filipino workers. Despite
her plans to move to Canada to provide for her family, Ethan has
his heart set on finding Joy. As their burgeoning relationship
continues to develop, it is apparent that the two will forever alter
the lives of each other.
Four Sisters and a Wedding 2013
The romantic sitcom, Four Sisters and a Wedding, is set in
Manila , Philippines and stars Brenna Garcia, Bea Alonzo, and Bea
Basa. The story of a Filipino family consisting of four sisters and a
brother is told in the film. When the brother, the youngest of the
siblings, reveals that he is going to get married, the sisters concoct
a scheme to expose the deep-seated hatred they have towards each
other to talk him out of it. Source: asherfergusson.com
D. Application
Task 4. The following are scenes from famous movies. Create your own version of their
dialogue.
Task 5.
Direction. Enumerate top 10 Philippine award-winning films/theater plays.
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________
5. _____________________________
6. _____________________________
7. _____________________________
8. _____________________________
9. _____________________________
10. ____________________________
Direction: Answer the given question.
How do you personally connect or relate to these forms of art? Do you find this lesson
helpful in leveling up your aesthetic experiences?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Post-Test
_____ 1. His function is to present a play which he has interpreted and translated into
dramatic action with complete devices as settings, sound and others.
A. playwright and his play C. performer
B. director D. production design
_____ 2. It includes all the scenery and props, make-up and costumes, music, sound and
other possible effects.
B. director D. production design
_____ 3. He workout the plot in terms of actual actions and dialogue to be performed and
spoken by actors within the limited facilities of the stage.
C. director D. production design
_____ 4. It is usually formal in auditoriums and halls. It is the most commonly used stage.
A.Proscenium C. Trestle Stage
B. Booth Stage D. Theater-in-the-Round
_____ 5. It was developed by ancient Greeks and used for their play festivals.
A.Proscenium C. Trestle Stage
B. Booth Stage D. Theater-in-the-Round
_____ 6. The art and craft of making motion pictures by capturing a story visually.
A.Theater C.Cinematography
B. Drama D. Performance Art
_____ 7. An art concerned almost exclusively with live audience in which the
cheoreography is precisely planned to carry out a coherent and major sense of drama.
A.Theater C.Cinematography
B. Drama D. Performance Art
_____ 8. This is responsible in how the separate pieces of the image arranged.
A.Exposure C. Composition
B. Camera Movement D. Color
_____ 9. For each shot, you’ll have to decide whether you want a moving or static camera.
_____ 10. This often gets overlooked as an element of cinematography
Final Requirement
Acting A Dialogue from Famous Movie Scenes

Here are suggested movies for your reference. You choose a relevant short scene to
perform through available app like tiktok, movie maker, etc.
A. Through Night and Day

B. 100 tula para kay Estella
C. Family History
D. Kimmy Dora
E. You’re My Boss
F. Ang Larawan
G. Mama Mia
H. Grease
I. The Greatest Showman
J. Into The Woods
References
Mercado, Ed.D., 2010, Art: Texts and Contexts An Interactive Workbook in Humanities,
16 Concha St. Tinajeros Malabaon City, Jimcyville Publications
Punzalan, J.F., Bernardo R.P.,& Caberos C.E., (2019). Art Appreciation, St. Andrew
Publishing House
Electronic Sources
Phil Drama and Theater
https://www.slideshare.net/ronacatubig07/phil-drama-and-theater?next_slideshow=1
Film 101: What Is Cinematography and What Does a Cinematographer Do?
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/film-101-what-is-cinematography-and-what-does-a-cinematographer-
do#:~:text=Cinematography%20comprises%20all%20on%2Dscreen,color%2C%20exposure%2C%20and%20filtration .
Glossary
Animosity- strong hostility
Archenemy- is the main enemy of someone. In fiction, it is a character who is the hero’s
or protagonist’s most prominent and worst enemy.
Mimetic- relating to, characterized by imitation.
Vaudeville- a light often comic theatrical piece frequently combining pantomime,
dialogue, dancing, and song.
Zarzuela- usually a comic Spanish operetta (small oper

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Bulacan State University

MALOLOS CITY, BULACAN

Unit I: Foundation of Art

Unit II: Subject and Content of Art

Module 3: Subject of Art and Content

Unit III: Historical Development of Art

Unit IV: Disciplines of Art

Module 8: Visual Arts (Painting, Sculpture, Architecture and Photography)

Line 1 (horizontal) It is art It’s not art Maybe it’s art

Reflection /Learning Insights

1. It is one of the oldest, rich, A. Art B. Visual Art

2. Art is subjective, and an A. Art Involves B. Art is Universal

3. It is the expression of man's A. Experience B. Art

C Art is Universal D. Art is Human

5. It is the capacity to understand A. Arts B. Art Appreciation

6. Painting is art, no matter it is A. Art is universal B. Art is Cultural

7. Creativity needs this element A. Expression B. Imagination

D. Innovation D. Both A and B

8. It is the word that describes A. Art is universal B. Art is cultural

C. Art is subjective D. Both B and C

-I don’t -I am starting to -Sometimes I get -I can accomplish

Explain the process of

Identify and discuss

Define art from a

Images Online Sources:

Artwork What is it for?

Let us recall your experience on Task 1. Write your experience here:

• Directly Functional Art

Different Function of Arts

Visiting the Famous Calle Crisologo Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

Singkaban Festival Bulacan 2019

Architectural Structure of San Agustin Church Paoay, Ilocos Norte

Panoramic view of Shercon Ecology Park

Other Function of Art

Weekly Zumba Dance

Political Campaign Ad Material

Art as a Representation (Aristotle)

Art for art’s Sake (Kant)

Reflection /Learning Insights

-I don’t -I am starting to -Sometimes I get -I can accomplish it!

Discuss the basic

Online and links for images:

as you can in 5 minutes.

Objects you found in the picture

C. Abstraction (input, lesson proper)

Painting by: Jovita F. Punzalan

Visual Artist: Luis J. Castro Visual Artist: Jovita F. Punzalan

“Old Baliuag” 1969 Visual Artist: Jovita F. Punzalan

Visual Artist : Jose D. Castro

2. Nature – a focused view or interpretation of specific natural elements.

Visual Artist: Jovita F. Punzalan

Nena Castro Portrait by Jose

4. Abstract – a non-representational work of art.

Visual Artist: Jovita F. Punzalan

1. Abstract 2. Day of the Dead 3. Nature

Painted by K. Marron https://www.facebook.com/XsquaredCrossStitch/photos/a.4441804025861412/4441787339196414/ Made by Justine Olaira

4. Still life 5. Landscape 6. Portrait

Painted by J. D. Castro Painted by Luis J. Castro

Reflection /Learning Insights