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    Problems With Commutation - Suaiso BSEE - 3B

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    Rolly Jr. Suaiso
    The document discusses several challenges with commutation in electric machines: 1) Armature reaction can cause the neutral plane to shift, leading to sparking brushes, wear on the commutator, and increased maintenance costs. 2) Flux weakening from armature reaction can cause uncontrolled motor speed. 3) Sudden changes in current direction (L di/dt) can cause short circuits between the brushes, commutators, and conductors, called inductive kick. Real-life examples provided are grooving, threading, and copper drag of commutators caused by improper brushes, contamination, or vibration. Brush shifting is still used in small machines to reduce air

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    Problems With Commutation - Suaiso BSEE - 3B

    Uploaded by

    Rolly Jr. Suaiso
    40 views4 pages
    The document discusses several challenges with commutation in electric machines: 1) Armature reaction can cause the neutral plane to shift, leading to sparking brushes, wear on the commutator, and increased maintenance costs. 2) Flux weakening from armature reaction can cause uncontrolled motor speed. 3) Sudden changes in current direction (L di/dt) can cause short circuits between the brushes, commutators, and conductors, called inductive kick. Real-life examples provided are grooving, threading, and copper drag of commutators caused by improper brushes, contamination, or vibration. Brush shifting is still used in small machines to reduce air

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    The document discusses several challenges with commutation in electric machines: 1) Armature reaction can cause the neutral plane to shift, leading to sparking brushes, wear on the commutator, and increased maintenance costs. 2) Flux weakening from armature reaction can cause uncontrolled motor speed. 3) Sudden changes in current direction (L di/dt) can cause short circuits between the brushes, commutators, and conductors, called inductive kick. Real-life examples provided are grooving, threading, and copper drag of commutators caused by improper brushes, contamination, or vibration. Brush shifting is still used in small machines to reduce air

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    40 views4 pages

    Problems With Commutation - Suaiso BSEE - 3B

    Uploaded by

    Rolly Jr. Suaiso
    The document discusses several challenges with commutation in electric machines: 1) Armature reaction can cause the neutral plane to shift, leading to sparking brushes, wear on the commutator, and increased maintenance costs. 2) Flux weakening from armature reaction can cause uncontrolled motor speed. 3) Sudden changes in current direction (L di/dt) can cause short circuits between the brushes, commutators, and conductors, called inductive kick. Real-life examples provided are grooving, threading, and copper drag of commutators caused by improper brushes, contamination, or vibration. Brush shifting is still used in small machines to reduce air

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Rolly Suaiso Jr.

    BSEE – 3B

    Activity 2

    1. What are the challenges/problems of commutation? Support your answer with diagrams, and
    at least 3-cases of commutation problems that occurred in real life.

    The problem with commutation is sometimes the brushes “short – circuit” the coil. The ideal
    position of the brush is at the area where the conductor voltage is zero, but there are cases when
    that particular place won’t have zero voltage.

    There are two problems with commutation. The first problem is the armature reaction and the
    other are L di/dt

    Armature reaction is the distortion of the main field flux. If a load is connected to the terminals
    of a machine, a current will flow in its armature windings. This current will form a magnetic field of
    its own, which will distort the original magnetic field. It causes two serious problems, the shifting of
    neutral plane and the flux weakening.

    Shifting of neutral plane happens when the generator or motor is loaded. The brush is usually
    placed in the magnetic neutral plane (MNP) and when it gets shifted, the new MNP will have an
    e.m.f which is very dangerous.

    Due to shifting of MNP

    - Brushes will spark


    - Wearing and tearing of commutator
    - Maintenance cost will increase
    Flux Weakening occurs when the original magnetic field decreases due to the opposing
    direction of the flux from the armature reaction.

    The problem with this is the motor’s speed is inversely proportional to the flux that’s why when
    flux decreases, the motor will have an uncontrollable speed which is dangerous.
    L di/dt happens when there is a sudden change in the direction of the current causing a short
    circuit path between the brushes, commutators and conductors sometimes called inductive kick. This
    happens when a segment of a commutator is shorted, the current flow through that segment must
    reverse causing the sudden change in direction. With even tiny inductance in the loop, a very significant
    inductive voltage kick v = L di/dt will be induced in the shorted commutator segment. This high voltage
    naturally causes sparking at the brushes of the machine.

    Some real-life problems that occurred in real life.

    Grooving leaves a smooth, slotted area on your commutators. Common causes of grooving


    include using the wrong brush grade, a brush with impurities, or contamination. When grooving is
    present, examine the type of brush used for grade and contamination. Replace or clean the brushes as
    necessary.

    Threading results in fine lines on the surface of your commutator. The fine lines occur when
    copper is transferred from the commutator to the brushes. The copper becomes embedded in the
    surface of the brush and scratches the surface of the commutator. Threading can be caused by low
    brush pressure, contamination, or using the wrong type of brush.

    Copper Drag is when copper particles are dragged to the segment edges of a commutator and is
    typically caused by brushes with too little tension, excessive vibration, or by an abrasive brush. It’s
    important to address copper drag immediately because the buildup of copper in the commutator
    segments can lead to a short circuit of the armature windings.

    2. Explain the concept of Brush shifting and why it is still used in small machines.

    Brush shifting

    Shifting the brushes along the direction of rotation in generator action and against the direction of
    rotation in motor action; this would result into a reduction in air gap flux. This will reduce the induced
    voltage in generator and would increase the speed in motor. This is only limited to very small machines
    because brushes must be shifted to a new position every time the load changes or the direction of
    rotation changes or the mode of operation changes.

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