PoE Lp2.3b Engineering Problem Solving AnsKey
PoE Lp2.3b Engineering Problem Solving AnsKey
PoE Lp2.3b Engineering Problem Solving AnsKey
Press = P/A
Area = A = 2’ x 1’ = 2 ft2
convert to in2
12in 12in
A = 2 ft 2 x x = 288in 2
1 ft 1 ft
P 200lb lb
Press = = 2
= 100 2
A 2 ft ft
Or
200lb
Press = = 0.674 psi
288in 2
2. A piece of steel wire 100 feet long, with a cross-sectional area of 0.004 sq. in., must be
stretched with a pull of 16 pounds when in use. If the modulus of elasticity of steel is
30,000,000 psi:
2. SOLUTIONS
a) What is the total elongation δ in the entire length of the wire?
P 16lbs
σ= = = 4000 psi
A .004in 2
3. A 2” by 4” rectangular piece of steel, that is 20 feet long between centers of the pins at its
ends, is used as the diagonal member in a bridge. If the total tensile load in the steel is
80, 000 pounds and the modulus of elasticity is 30, 000,000 psi, calculate:
3. SOLUTIONS
a) The tensile stress-
A = 2 “x 4 “= 8 in2
P 80000lbs
σ= = = 10000 psi
A 8in 2
PL (80000lbs )(240in)
δ= = = 0.080in
AE (8in 2 )(30 x10 6 psi )
δ 0.080in
ε= = = 0.00033 in.
L 240in
4. A sample of material is ¼ “diameter and must be turned to a smaller diameter to be able
to be used in a tensile machine. The target breaking point for the material is 925 pounds.
The tensile strength of the material is 63,750 psi. What diameter would the sample have
to be turned to in order to meet the specified requirements?
4. SOLUTION
Knowns: P = 925 lbs
δ = 63,700 psi (at pt of failure)
Equations:
ΠD 2
1) A = = .7854 D 2
4
P
2) σ =
A
Combine Equation 1 and 2:
P
σ= (continued next page)
.7854 D 2
Substitute knowns and solve for D that would just barely hold 925 lbs:
925lbs
63750 psi =
.7854 D 2
925lbs
D2 = ≈ .018454413in 2
(.7854in)(63750 psi )
5. Two pieces of steel are held together with six bolts. One end of the first piece of steel is
welded to a beam and the second piece of steel is bolted to the first. There is a load of
54,000 pounds applied to the end of the second piece of steel. The tensile strength of
steel is 74,000 psi, the shear strength is 48,000 psi.
5. SOLUTIONS
Equations:
P
1) τ = 2) A = .7854D2
A
Combine Equation 1 and 2:
P
τ=
.7854 D 2
Substitute Values and solve for D
9000lbs
48000 psi =
.7854 D 2
9000lbs
D2 = ≈ .23873185 in2
(.7854in)(48000 psi )
Section A
Equations: 1) A = [W – 2(D+1/16)]t
P
2) σ=
A
P
σ=
(W − 2 D − .125)t
54000lb
74000 psi =
(W − 2(.5in) − .125)(.25in)
54000lb
74000 psi =
(W − 1in − .125)(.25in)
54000lb
74000 psi =
.25W − .28125
54000lb
.25W - .28125 =
74000 psi
NOTE: If the solution to Part B shown above doesn’t make sense then leave some space and
go to the next problem, Mr. Bayer can show you an easier way to do it in class.
6. Determine the required nominal diameter of a threaded steel rod to carry an axial load of
16,000 pounds in tension if the tensile stress of 20,000 psi is permitted.
6. SOLUTION
Equations:
ΠD 2 P
1) A = = .7854 D 2 2) σmax =
4 A
16000 psi
20000 psi =
.7854 D 2
16000
D2 =
.7854(20000)
D ≈ 1.009”
7. A piece of wire 1200 feet long, with a cross-sectional area of 2.25 sq. in., must be
stretched with a pull of 1600 pounds when in use. If the modulus of elasticity of this steel
is 30,000,000 psi:
7. SOLUTIONS
Unknowns: δ
PL
Equation: δ=
AE
PL (1600lbs )(14400in)
δ= = ≈ 0.341”
AE (2.25in 2 )(30 x10 6 psi )
P 1600lbs
σ= = ≈ 711.1 psi
A 2.25in 2
8. A 2” circular piece of steel, that is 20 feet long between centers of the pins at its ends, is
used as the diagonal member in a bridge. If the total tensile load in the steel is 180,000
pounds and the modulus of elasticity is 30,000,000 psi, calculate:
8. SOLUTIONS
Equations:
P 180000lbs
σ= = ≈ 57,288 psi
A 3.142in 2
E = 30 x 102 psi
PL (180000lbs )(240in)
δ= = ≈ 0.458”
AE (3.142in 2 )(30x10 6 psi )
δ .458in
ε= = ≈ 0.0019
L 240in
9. A round, steel 1-1/8” diameter rod, is 85 feet 6 inches in length, and supports an axial
load (P) in tension. Calculate:
9. SOLUTIONS
a) The maximum unit tensile stress in the rod, if the axial load (P) is 12,000 lb.
Unknowns: σ
Equation:
P 12000lbs
σ= = ≈ 12072 psi
A 0.994in 2
b) The maximum allowed load (P) on this rod, if the unit tensile stress must not exceed
25,000 psi.
Unknowns: P
Equation:
P
σ=
A
Substitute and solve for P:
c) The total elongation of the rod, if Ε= 30,000,000 psi using the maximum allowed load
from part B.
PL (24850lbs )(1026in)
δ= = ≈ 0.855”
AE (.994in 2 )(30x10 6 psi )
10. A sleigh is supported and held off the ground with four vertical ½” diameter rods. If the
modulus of Elasticity is 10,000,000 psi and the length of each rod is 1 ft., how much
weight in toys can be put into this sleigh without compressing the rods more than .01”
and ultimately destroying the sleigh?
10. SOLUTION
Equations:
Assume that each leg supports the load equally and that the load on each leg is P:
W = 4P
PL
δ=
AE
P(12in)
.01 in =
(.1963in 2 )(10 x10 6 psi )
P ≈ 1636 lb
Solve for W:
W = 4P ≈ 6544 lbs
11. A piece of wire is subjected to a load of 8000 lb. and is 60 ft. in length. The wire deforms
a total of 1” in length due to this weight. If the Modulus of Elasticity is 30,000,000 psi,
what is the diameter of the wire?
11. SOLUTION
Unknowns: D
Equations:
ΠD 2 PL
1) A = = .7854 D 2 2) δ =
4 AE
Combine Equations and Solve for D:
(8000lbs )(720in)
1 in =
(.7854 D 2 )(30 x10 6 psi )
(8000lbs )(720in)
D2 =
(.7854)(30 x10 6 psi )
D ≈ 0.494 in
12. A piece of circular aluminum with a diameter of ¼ ft. and 13 ft. in length is used as a
structural component of a robot. If the tensile load applied to the component is equivalent
to 84 tons and the Modulus of Elasticity is 10,000,000 psi, what is the total elongation in
the entire length of the rod?
12. SOLUTION
Unknowns: δ
Equation:
PL (168000lbs )(156in)
δ= = ≈ 0.371 in
AE (7.069in 2 )(10 x10 6 psi )
13. Calculate the stress created in a 3” diameter piece of steel that is 21 feet long between
the centers of pins at its ends, and is used as a diagonal member in a bridge. The load
applied to this member is 181,000 pounds and the modulus of Elasticity is 30,000,000
psi.
13. SOLUTION
Unknowns: σ
Equation:
P 181000lbs
σ= = ≈ 25605 psi
A 7.069in 2
14. A strand of wire 1,000 ft. long with a cross-sectional area of 3.5 sq. inches must be
stretched with a load of 2000 lb. The modulus of Elasticity of this metal is 29,000,000 psi.
What is the unit deformation of this material?
14. SOLUTION
Knowns: L = 1000’ = 12000” A = 3.5 in2 P = 2000 lb
E = 29 x 106 psi
Unknowns: ε
Equations:
PL δ
1) δ = 2) ε =
AE L
δ .236in
ε= = ≈ 0.0000197in.
L 12000in
Conclusion
1. You have been asked to design a machine to punch circular holes into a sheet of metal.
Create a sketch of the problem and set up the equations to calculate shear stress in the
metal sheet. Make sure to include applied force, hole diameter, modulus of elasticity and
sheet thickness.