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    The document summarizes the impacts of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami. It discusses that the earthquake and resulting tsunami, which struck northeastern Japan on March 11, 2011, caused widespread damage. Over 20,000 people were killed and extensive damage occurred along coastal areas. The disaster had massive economic impacts on Japan, with infrastructure and supply networks disrupted. It cost Japan over $360 billion to fund rescue, relief, and rehabilitation efforts following the disaster. Some impacts, like the destruction of private housing along coastal areas, could not be fully recovered or repaired.

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    Group 4 DRRR Ptask

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    37 views7 pages
    The document summarizes the impacts of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami. It discusses that the earthquake and resulting tsunami, which struck northeastern Japan on March 11, 2011, caused widespread damage. Over 20,000 people were killed and extensive damage occurred along coastal areas. The disaster had massive economic impacts on Japan, with infrastructure and supply networks disrupted. It cost Japan over $360 billion to fund rescue, relief, and rehabilitation efforts following the disaster. Some impacts, like the destruction of private housing along coastal areas, could not be fully recovered or repaired.

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    The document summarizes the impacts of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami. It discusses that the earthquake and resulting tsunami, which struck northeastern Japan on March 11, 2011, caused widespread damage. Over 20,000 people were killed and extensive damage occurred along coastal areas. The disaster had massive economic impacts on Japan, with infrastructure and supply networks disrupted. It cost Japan over $360 billion to fund rescue, relief, and rehabilitation efforts following the disaster. Some impacts, like the destruction of private housing along coastal areas, could not be fully recovered or repaired.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views7 pages

    Group 4 DRRR Ptask

    Uploaded by

    Sapayr Batch 21
    The document summarizes the impacts of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami. It discusses that the earthquake and resulting tsunami, which struck northeastern Japan on March 11, 2011, caused widespread damage. Over 20,000 people were killed and extensive damage occurred along coastal areas. The disaster had massive economic impacts on Japan, with infrastructure and supply networks disrupted. It cost Japan over $360 billion to fund rescue, relief, and rehabilitation efforts following the disaster. Some impacts, like the destruction of private housing along coastal areas, could not be fully recovered or repaired.

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    Group 4-Cuaresma, Fredeluces, Lava May 9, 2021

    Dague, Gultia
    Grade 11-Betelgeuse Teacher: Cherrie Lou D. Sumogat
    IMPACTS OF DISASTERS
    2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
    Performance Task in DRRR
    Objectives:
    -To determine what causes the disaster and what areas are the most affected.
    -To enhance the readers’ knowledge about the safety measures and to raise
    awareness about earthquakes and tsunamis.
    -Determine the impacts of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on the people
    and the country.

    Introduction:
    Japan is a country in the North Pacific Ocean that consists of many islands. It is
    located off the northeast coast of Asia, facing Russia, Korea, and China. Japan is made
    up of four major islands and thousands of smaller ones. The four main islands are
    Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku, forming a 1,900-kilometer-long curve. The
    Japanese archipelago lies at the confluence of many continental and oceanic plates. This
    is the reason for Japan's frequent earthquakes and abundance of volcanoes and hot
    springs. Tidal waves can be triggered by earthquakes that occur below or above the
    ocean (tsunami). Because of its archipelago, Japan experiences a huge number of
    earthquakes and the most disastrous earthquake was the 2011 Japan Earthquake and
    Tsunami, also called Great Sendai Earthquake or Great Tohoku Earthquake. On March
    11, 2011, a major natural disaster struck northeastern Japan. The disaster started with a
    powerful earthquake off the northeastern coast of Honshu, Japan's main island, which
    caused widespread damage on land and triggered a series of large tsunami waves that
    destroyed a lot of homes and buildings in the country's coastal areas, and have taken a
    lot lives including parents, friends, brothers and sisters, son and daughter and pets. The
    disaster hits most in the Tohoku region (northeastern Honshu).
    Questions and Answers:

    What caused the Disaster?


    - The Earthquakes and Tsunami occurred in Japan was caused by the sudden
    rupture of a stretch of the subduction zone associated with the Japan Trench that
    separates the Eurasian plate from the subducting Pacific Plate

    When and Where exactly did the natural event


    originate?
    - It happened on March 11 of 2011 originated
    at 80 miles East of Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture.

    How extensive was the area affected?


    - The earthquake and Tsunami were
    responsible for considerable damage over a
    wide area, Including the coasts of Iwate
    prefecture, the North part of Miyagi
    Prefecture, and Fukushima, Ibaraki, and
    Chiba.

    Was the cause of the disaster forecasted or


    predicted?
    Image 1. A map showing the epicenter of the 2011
    -It was forecasted with the help of Japan's Japan Earthquake and the estimated intensity of the
    earthquake in the affected areas. Source: USAID
    Scientists that there would be a small
    earthquake that would strike but they didn't expect that there would be massive
    tsunamis will occur. However, there were hints of a big Disaster to come because
    in 869 a tsunami hit Sendai that is closely matched to the 2011 Earthquake and
    Tsunami disaster, However, the warnings sent were unheeded that caused many
    lives to disappear.
    Were there warnings issued?
    - The Japan Meteorological Agency issued the Tsunami warning too early before
    the agency had fully completed its measurements. Therefore, the initial warning
    was underestimated that some people returned to their homes before the biggest
    waves hit.

    How did the people react to the warning?


    - They expected that it will be just a small quake so they underestimated and
    ignored by some and due to that they expect it was small but it wasn't, it was
    massive that they didn't expect that caused many lives to disappear.

    How many lives were lost?


    -The official figures released in 2021 reported
    more than 20,000 deaths.

    How many were injured and missing? Can the


    loss of lives be quantified in terms of peso or
    dollars?
    -There are 6, 242 were injured and 2,556 people
    missing. Yes, the loss of lives can be quantified
    in terms of peso and dollars. Image 2. The ages of those who lost their lives at the
    Japan Earthquake in 2011. Source: Springer Link

    What could have prevented the loss of many lives?


    -Japan has tried to employ earthquake engineering to reduce damage onshore.
    Japan first began researching response measures to Tsunamis in 1896. A large
    part of Japan's engineering solutions revolves around massive sea walls up to 12
    meters tall. This is a response to an attempt to protect populated coastal areas.
    What was the resulting damage as a percent GNP for the year the disaster
    happened?
    -In the first quarter of 2011, Japan's GDP contracted by 3.5 percent. According to
    the International Monetary Fund (IMF), GDP contracted by 0.7 percent in all of
    2011, and the estimates for 2012 put GDP growth at 2 percent, simulated by
    reconstruction work.

    Did the disaster affect the


    performance of the country’s
    economy years after it
    happened? How?
    -The economic destruction of the
    “Triple Disaster” was massive:
    138,000 buildings were destroyed
    and $360 billion in economic losses
    were incurred. This was the most Image 3. The financial cost of damage in the 2011 Japan Eartquake
    measure by trillion (Yen).
    expensive disaster in human
    history. The uprooting of entire communities and the large infrastructural losses produced
    immediate disruptions in Japan’s extensive supply networks. These in turn caused
    dramatic drops in industrial production that imposed a toll not only on Japan’s economy
    but also on the many other countries linked through these production networks.

    How much did the country spend for rescue, relief, and rehabilitation works?
    -In 2011, the Kan and then the Noda administration proposed and pushed through
    the legislature three disaster-related supplemental budgets. The third and largest
    of these, approved in November, provided some $155 billion, the bulk of the funds
    earmarked for the rescue and rehabilitation in devastated areas.
    What particular loss or damage cannot be recovered or repaired?
    -The damage to private housing is broadly divided into houses along the coast that
    were washed away by the tsunami and houses along the coast and inland that
    were damaged by seismic motion. In the former case, there were many places
    where whole areas were destroyed. Also, breakwaters (including tsunami barriers)
    were mainly damaged by the tsunami, and quay walls were mainly damaged by
    the seismic motion and liquefaction. Regarding coastal facilities, major damage
    was caused mainly on the southern coast of Sendai Bay, where almost all sections
    of the coastal levee were either destroyed or half destroyed. As a result, the major
    damage consisted of the washing away of houses along the coast, the flooding of
    agricultural land, etc.

    How justified are pre-disaster measures and expenditures?


    -It’s a marvel of Japanese engineering that skyscrapers stay standing during an
    earthquake. Many have a counterweight system installed that swings with the
    movement of the building to stabilize it and smaller houses are built on flexible
    foundations that can absorb movement in 6 directions and diminish the effects of
    the quake. Also, Japanese families keep a backpack full of emergency supplies
    for every family member. These backpacks contain food, medicine, solar power
    banks, and whatever else the owner thinks they might need.

    Conclusion:
    Therefore, this earthquake and tsunami that washed out some parts of Japan a
    decade ago serve as a wake-up call not only in the country itself but for other countries
    as well to be prepared always since preparedness is our only means of survival during
    an earthquake. It will be a great help for other countries to adapt the pre-disaster
    measures that the Japanese government developed since it adds up additional
    knowledge for us to be able to survive the disasters. It may be traumatizing for the people
    of Japan, but the measures that they planned and strategized before it will happen will
    always be marvelous and inspiring for the disaster response of other countries.
    Photo Documentation:

    Image 4. Group members Gultia, Lava, Fredeluces, and Dague doing the tasks
    assigned to them.

    Image 5. Group leader Shefern Cuaresma proofreading and formulating the overall
    conclusion for the task.
    References:

    BBC. (2011). Case study: Tohoku, Japan. Bitesize, BBC.


    Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg9h2nb/revision/6

    BBC News. (2012). Japan quake: Loss and recovery in numbers. Cabinet Office of Japan.
    Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17219008

    Chian, S., Saito, K., Pomonis, A., et. al. (2012). Post-Earthquake
    Field Investigation of
    the Mw9.0 Tōhoku Earthquake of 11th March 2011. A field report by EEFIT. 15
    WCEE.
    Retrieved from: https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_0521.pdf

    Henriques, M. (2019). How Japan’s skyscrapers are built to survive earthquakes. BBC
    Future. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/future/gallery/20190114-how-
    japans-skyscrapers-are-built-to-survive-earthquakes

    Saito, M. (2021). Ten years on, grief never subsides for some survivors of Japan’s
    tsunami. Reuters: After the Wave. Retrieved from:
    https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/japan-tsunami-survivors/

    So, E., Platt S. (2014) Earthquakes and Their Socio-economic Consequences. In:
    Beer M., Kougioumtzoglou I., Patelli E., Au IK. (eds) Encyclopedia of
    Earthquake Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_259-1

    USAID. (2011). Earthquake in Japan. USA: US Agency for International Development.


    Retrieved from: https://reliefweb.int/map/japan/japan-earthquake-japan-11-mar-
    2011

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