PRE BOARD - 1 EXAMINATION: 2020

GRADE: 12 (CBSE) MAX MARKS: 70

SUBJECT: PHYSICS (042) TIME: 3 HOURS
DAY & DATE: MONDAY, 06 JANUARY 2020

General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in TWO questions
of two marks, TWO questions of three marks and THREE questions of five marks. You have to
attempt only one of the choices in such questions. This paper has five distinct sections.
(iii) Section A has Question numbers 1 to 20. They are MCQs and very short answer type questions,
carrying ONE mark each.
(iv)Section B has Question numbers 21 to 27. They are short answer type questions, carrying TWO
marks each.
(v) Section C has Question numbers 28 to 34. They are also short answer type questions, carrying
THREE marks each.
(vi)Section D: Question numbers 35 to 37 are long answer type questions, carrying FIVE marks
each.
(viii) Use of calculators is not permitted. However, you may use log tables, if necessary.
(ix) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary:

c = 3 × 108 ms-1
h = 6.6 × 10-34 Js
e = 1.6 × 10-19 C
me = 9.1 x 10-31
μ0 = 4π × 10-7 T m A-1
Mass of neutron mn = 1.675×10-27 kg
Mass of proton mp = 1.672×10-27 kg
Boltzmann's constant k = 1.38 × 10-23 JK-1
Avogadro's number NA = 6.023 × 1023 / mole
1 MeV = 1.602×10-13 J

SECTION A
1. If ∮ E. ds = 0 over a surface, then 1

(a) the electric field inside the surface and on it is zero.

(b) the electric field inside the surface is necessarily zero.
(c) the number of flux lines entering the surface must be equal to the number of flux
lines leaving it.
(d) There are no charges enclosed by the surface.
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 (c) the number of flux lines entering the surface must be equal to the number of flux
lines leaving it.

2. Five charges, q each are placed at the corners of a regular pentagon of side ‘a’ as 1
shown in the figure below. What will be the electric field at O, the centre of the
pentagon?

(a) 5Q/4πεor2
(b) Zero
(c) Q/4πεor2
(d) -2 N/C

(b) Zero

3. What happens to the fringe pattern when the Young’s double slit experiment is 1
performed in water instead or air then fringe width
(a) Shrinks (b) Disappear (c) Unchanged (d) Enlarged

(a) Shrinks

4. N resistors each of resistance R are first combined to get minimum possible 1

resistance and then combined to get maximum possible resistance. The ratio of the
minimum to maximum resistance is
(a) N
(b) N2
(c) 1/N2
(d) 1/N

(c) 1/N2

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5. A straight conductor carrying current I is split into circular loop as shown in figure 1
a, the magnetic induction at the centre of the circular loop is

μ
(a) 0 I
2πr
(b) Infinite
μ
(c) 0 I
2r
(d) Zero

(d) Zero

6. If the kinetic energy of a free electron doubles, its de Broglie wavelength changes 1
by the factor
1 1
(a) √2 (b) (c) 2 (d)
√2 2
1
(b)
√2

7. The output of the given circuit in the figure 1

(a) would be zero at all times.

(b) would be like a half wave rectifier with positive cycles in output.
(c) would be like a half wave rectifier with negative cycles in output.
(d) would be like that of a full wave rectifier.

(c) would be like a half wave rectifier with negative cycles in output.

8. In a pure capacitive circuit with an a.c. source, the voltage lags behind current by 1
(a) π (b) 2 π (c) π/2 (d) π/4

(c) π/2

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9. Given M = mass of the nucleus, A = atomic mass. What is packing fraction? 1
M− A M−A A −M A −M
(a) (b) ) (c) (d)
A M A M

M− A
(a)
A

10. In a compound microscope, the objective lens of f0 and eyepiece of fe are placed at a 1
distance L such that L equals:
(a) f0 + fe (b) f0 - fe
(c) Much greater than (f0 + fe ) (d) (Distance between the lenses) – (f0 + fe )

(d) (Distance between the lenses) – (f0 + fe )

11. The velocity of an electromagnetic wave is parallel to ___________. 1

⃗E X ⃗B

12.
1. The optical density of turpentine is higher than that of water while its mass density 1
is lower. The figure below shows a layer of turpentine floating over water in a
container. Out of the four rays incident on turpentine shown in the figure, the path
shown is correct for the ray numbered _________.

Solution: 2

13. The shape of the interference fringes in Young’s double slit experiment when D 1
(distance between slit and screen) is very large as compared to fringe width is
nearly ____________________________.
Straight line

14. Horizontal and vertical components of earth’s magnetic field at a place are equal. 1
The angle of dip at that place is ________.
450
OR
A free floating magnetic needle at North pole is __________to the surface of earth.
Vertical

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15. A charged particle oscillates about its mean equilibrium position with a frequency 1
of 109 Hz. The frequency of the electromagnetic waves produced by the oscillator
is _______________Hz.
109 Hz
16. What is the ratio of minimum to maximum wavelength in Balmer series? 1
5:9

17. Two wires A and B of the same metal and of the same length have their areas of 1
cross section in the ratio 2:1. If the same potential difference is applied across each
wire in turn, what will be the ratio of the currents flowing in A and B?
𝑉 𝑉𝐴
Current, I = =
𝑅 𝜌𝑙
For the two wires, ρ, l and V are same, therefore I α A
𝐼 𝐴
Hence, 𝐴 = 𝐴 = 2
𝐼𝐵 𝐴𝐵
= 2:1
OR
Two wire one made of copper and the other of manganin have the same resistance
and equal length. Which wire is thicker and why?

Manganin wire is thicker.

ρl
Reason: R = . As ρ increases, A also increases.
A
18. Which physical quantity in a nuclear reaction is considered equivalent to the Q- 1
value of the reaction?
Difference in initial mass energy and energy associated with mass of products
Or
Total Kinetic energy gained in the process

19. A solenoid is connected to a battery so that a steady current flows through it. If an 1
iron core is inserted into the solenoid, will the current increase or decrease?
Explain.

The current will decrease. As the iron core is inserted in the solenoid, the magnetic
field increases and the flux increases. Lent’s law implies that induced e.m.f. should
resist this increase, which can be achieved by a decrease in current.

20. Relate input frequency and the output frequencies of a half wave rectifier and a full 1
wave rectifier.

In half-wave rectification, we get pulsating output for half cycle only. Therefore,
output ripple frequency is same as the input frequency.

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 However, in full wave rectification we get output for both half cycle. Hence the
output ripple frequency in full-wave rectification is double that of the input
frequency.

SECTION B
21. Find total energy stored in capacitors given in the circuit: 2

Solution:

C2 and C3 are in series

1/C23 = 1/C2 + 1/C3 = ½ + ½ = 1μF
C4 is in ∥ C23
C4 + C23 = C234 = 1 + 1 = 2μF
C234 and C5 are in series
1/ C234 + 1/C5 = 1/C2345
= ½ + ½ = 1μF
⟹ C2345 = 1μF

C2345 and C1 are in ∥

C = C2345 + C1 = 1 + 1 = 2μF

Energy stored U = ½ CV2 = ½ ×2×10-6 × 62 = 36×10-6J

U = 3.6 x 10-5 J

22. Derive the expression for drift velocity of free electron in terms of relaxation time 2
and electric field applied across a conductor.

When electric field E is applied on conductor force acting on free electrons

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 ⃗F = -e ⃗E
ma⃗ = -eE ⃗
⃗
−eE
 a⃗ =
m
Average thermal velocity of electron in conductor is zero
(ui)av= 0
Average velocity of electron in conductors in τ(relaxation time) = Vd (drift velocity)
Vd = (ui)av + aτ
⃗
−eE
Vd = 0 + τ
m
⃗
−𝐞𝐄
Vd = τ
𝐦

23. The figure shows two sinusoidal curves representing oscillating supply voltage and 2
current in an A.C. circuit.

Draw a phasor diagram to represent the current and supply voltage appropriately
as phasors.
State the phase difference between the two quantities.

The figure clearly indicates that voltage is lagging the current by a phase
difference say Φ, so we can write as,

V(t)=V0 sinωt

I(t)=I0 sin(ωt+ϕ)

At t= T/8, I=I0

Also, at t= T/4, V=V0

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 Substituting the value of angular frequency in the current relation we get,

The corresponding phasors can be drawn as,

24. (a) What do you mean by displacement current? Give its expression. 2
(b) Name the EM waves which are suitable for radar system used in aircraft
navigation. How is this wave produced?

(a) The current arises due to changing electric field. (A capacitor connected to an
alternating current has varying electric field between its plates.)
𝑑∅𝐸
ID = ∈0
𝑑𝑡
(b) Microwaves. They are produced by special vacuum tubes, namely Klystrons,
magnetrons and Gunn Diodes.

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 OR
Answer the following:
(a) If the earth did not have atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be
higher or lower than what it is now? Explain.
(b) An EM wave exerts pressure on the surface on which it is incident. Justify

(a) In the absence of atmosphere, there would be no greenhouse effect on the surface
of the Earth. As a result, the temperature of the Earth would decrease rapidly, making it
difficult for human survival.

(b) An em wave carries a linear momentum with it. The linear momentum carried by a
portion of wave having energy U is given by p = Uc.

Thus, if the wave incident on a material surface is completely absorbed, it delivers

energy U and momentum p = Uc to the surface. If the wave is totally reflected, the
momentum delivered is p = 2Uc because the momentum of the wave changes from p to
-p. Therefore, it follows that an em wave incident on a surface exert a force and hence a
pressure on the surface.

25. Define the term, ‘work function of a metal’. The threshold frequency of a metal is f0. 2
When the light of frequency 2f0 is incident on the metal plate, the maximum velocity
of electrons emitted is V1. When the frequency of incident radiation is increased to
5f0, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is V2. Find the ratio of V1 to V2.
Work function – A certain minimum amount of energy called the work function of
the metal is required to be given to an electron to pull it out from the surface of the
metal.

Φ0 = hf0
1
m𝑉12 = ℎ 𝑥 2𝑓0 − Φ0
2
= ℎ𝑓0
1
m𝑉2 = ℎ 𝑥 5𝑓0 − Φ0 = 4ℎ𝑓0
2
2

1
m𝑉12
2
1 =¼
m𝑉22
2

V1/V2 = ½
26. (a) Draw a graph showing the variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as 2
function of their separation and indicate regions in which nuclear force is
attractive and repulsive.

(b) Tritium has a half life of 12.5 years against beta decay. What fraction of a sample
of pure tritium will remain un-decayed after 25 years?

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 (a)

A
Part AB represents Repulsive Force.
Part BCD represents Attractive Force.
B D

(b) T1/2 = 12.5 years

N = N0e-λt
When t = T1/2, N = N0/2
25 years = 2 T1/2
Amount of sample left after 25 years will be ½ (N0/2)
N0/4

27. Energy gap in a p – n photodiode is 2.8 eV. Can it detect a wavelength of 6000 nm? 2
Justify your answer.

6.626 x 10−34 x 3 x 108

Energy of photon E = hν = hc/λ = eV =2.06eV
6000 x 10−9 x 1.6 x 10−19
As E<Eg (2.8eV), so photodiode cannot detect this photon.

SECTION C
28 The given figure shows the experimental set up of a metre bridge. The null point is 3
found to be 60cm away from the end A with X and Y in position as shown.

When a resistance of 15Ω is connected in series with ‘Y’, the null point is found to
shift by 10cm towards the end A of the wire. Find the position of null point if a
resistance of 3O Ω were connected in parallel with ‘Y’.

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 I case
X 60 3
= = = 1.5
Y 40 2

II Case
X 50
= =1
Y+15 50
X Y+15 3 3
. = x1=
Y X 2 2
Y+15 3
=
Y 2
15 3
1+ =  Y = 30Ω
Y 2
3 3
X = x Y  X = x 30
2 2
X = 45 Ω
When a resistance of 30 Ω is connected in parallel with Y, the resistance becomes,
30Y 30x30
Y’ = =  Y’ = 15 Ω
30+Y 30+30

Suppose the null point occurs at l cm from end A, then.,

X 𝑙 45 𝑙
= or =
15 𝑙−100 15 𝑙−100

300-3l = l  4l = 300
300
l= = 75 cm
4
l = 75 cm

29 Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive an expression for magnetic field at any point on 3
axial line of a current carrying circular loop. Hence, find magnitude of magnetic
field intensity at the centre of circular coil.

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As a special case of the above result, we may obtain the field at the centre of the
loop. Here x = 0, and we obtain

The magnetic field lines due to a circular wire form closed loops and are shown in
Figure:

Page 12
30 The figure below shows a rectangular conducting loop PQRS in which arm RS of 3
length ‘l’ is movable. The loop is kept in a uniform magnetic field ‘B’ directed
downward perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The arm RS is moved with a
uniform speed ‘v’.

Deduce the expression for (a) the emf induced across the arm ‘RS’ (b) the external
force required to move the arm, and (c) the power dissipated as heat.

(a) The magnitude of induced emf,

dϕ d dA
a. |ξ| = = (BA) = B
dt dt dt
dA d dx
b. = B =B (lx) = Bl = blv
dt dt dt

(b) External force required to move the arm RS,

|ξ| Blv B2 l2 v
a. F = IlB = lB = . lB =
R R R

(c) Power dissipated as heat,

B2 l2 v B2 l2 v2
a. P = Fv = .v =
R R

OR
A metallic rod of 1 m length is rotated with a frequency of 50 rev/s, with one end
hinged at the centre and the other end at the circumference of a circular metallic

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 ring of radius 1 m, about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to
the plane of the ring shown in the figure below. A constant and uniform magnetic
field of 1 T parallel to the axis is present everywhere. What is the emf between the
centre and the metallic ring?

As the rod is rotated, free electrons in the rod move towards the outer end due to
Lorentz force and get distributed over the ring. Thus, the resulting separation of
charges produces an emf across the ends of the rod. At a certain value of emf, there
is no more flow of electrons and a steady state is reached.

The magnitude of the emf generated across a length dr of the rod as it moves at
right angles to the magnetic field is given by d ε = Bv.dr

Hence,

R R Bω𝑅2
ε = ∫d ε = ∫0 Bv dr = ∫0 Bωr dr =
2
[ v = ωr] and ω = 2π ν
ε = ½ x 1.0 x 2π x 50 x (1)2
ε = 157 V

31 (a) Draw a ray diagram to show how a right angled isosceles prism can be used to 3
deviate a ray through 1800.
(b) A light ray suffers minimum deviation, while passing through a prism of
refractive index 1.5 and refracting angle 600. Calculate the angle of deviation and
angle of incidence.

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(a)

(b)

 A 
sin  m 
  2 
A
sin  
2

Refractive index = 1.5

Refracting Angle = A = 600

Substituting in the above formula and solving,

1.5 = sin[(δm +60)/2] / sin(60/2)
1.5 = sin[(δm +60)/2] / sin 30 = sin[(δm +60)/2] / ½
1.5 x 0.5 = sin[(δm +60)/2]
Sin-1 (0.75) = [(δm +60)/2
(𝛿𝑚 +60)
48.60 =
2

 48.60 x 2 = δm +60  97.2 = δm +60  δm = 97.2 – 60 = 37.20

δm = 37.20
(𝛿𝑚 +60)
The angle of incidence, i =
2

i = 48.60
δm = 37.20 and i = 48.60.

OR
Three light rays red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are incident on a right angled prism
‘abc’ at face ‘ab’. The refractive indices of the material of the prism for red, green

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and blue wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively. Out of the three which
colour ray will emerge out of face ‘ac’? Justify your answer. Trace the path of these
rays after passing through face ‘ab’.

The rays of light are normal to the face ab and hence there is no refraction. The
rays will pass through without deviation. They will be incident on the face ac
making an angle of incidence 450.

If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, then Total Internal
Reflection will take place.

The critical angle is related to the refractive index by the relation,

ic = sin-1(1/n) where n is the refractive index of the medium for the particular
colour.
Blue: icb = sin-1(1/1.47) = 42.90
Green: icg = sin-1(1/1.44) = 440
Red: icr = sin-1(1/1.39) = 460

The angle of incidence for all the colours is 450. This is greater for blue and green
rays. So total Internal Reflection takes place in these 2 cases and will emerge out
of the face bc. In case of the red ray, angle of incidence is less than the critical angle
and refraction takes place. The red ray will emerge out of the face ac.

The diagram:

Page 16
32 Explain with reason how the resolving power of a compound microscope will 3
change when
(a) frequency of the incident light on the objective lens is increased
(b) focal length of the objective lens is increased
(c) aperture of the objective lens is increased.

2𝑛 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 2𝑛 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜈
RP = =
𝜆 𝑐
(a) R P increases ( RP α ν )
(b) RP does not change ( Does not depend on focal length)
(c) RP increases (When aperture increases, semi vertical angle 𝜃 increases, so RP
increases)

33 Applying Bohr’s postulates, derive an expression for the radius and energy of nth 3
Bohr’s orbit in Hydrogen atom.

Page 17
34 Suggest an idea to convert a full wave bridge rectifier to a half wave rectifier by 3
changing the connecting wire/s. Draw the diagram and explain your answer.

One possible answer: Change the connection of R from point C to point B.

Now No Current flowing through D2 in the second half.

Page 18
 SECTION D
35 A) With the help of a circuit diagram, explain how a potentiometer can be used to 5
measure the internal resistance of a primary cell.
(B) In the potentiometer circuit shown in figure, the balance (null) point is at X. State
with reason, where the balance point will be shifted when
(i) Resistance R is increased, keeping all parameters unchanged.
(ii) Resistance S is increased, keeping R constant.

(A) : The cell (emf ε ) whose internal

resistance (r) is to be determined is
connected across a resistance box
through a key K2, as shown in the figure.
With key K2 open, balance is obtained at
length l1 (AN1).

Then,
When key K2 is closed, the cell sends a current (I ) through the resistance box (R).
If V is the terminal potential difference of the cell and balance is obtained at length
l2 (AN2),

(B): (i) When R increases, the potential gradient K decreases. K = I RAB / l AB

VAX = K l AX  l AX = VAX/K. As K decreases, l AX will increase  Balance point will
shift towards B.
(ii) No effect because at null point, there is no current drawn from the cell Q.

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 OR
(a) Sketch a graph to show how the capacitance C of a capacitor varies with the
charge Q given to it.
(b) A parallel plate capacitor with each plate of area A and separation d is charged
to a potential difference V. The battery used to charge it is then disconnected. A
dielectric slab of thickness d and dielectric constant k is now placed between the
plates. What change if any, will take place in
(i) Charge on plates?
(ii) Electric field intensity between the plates?
(iii) Capacitance of capacitor.
(c) A 800pF capacitor is connected to a 100V battery. After sometime, the battery is
disconnected. The capacitor is connected to another 800pF capacitor. What is the
electrostatic energy is stored?

Page 20
36 (a) Write working principle of cyclotron 5
(b) With a suitable diagram explain its working.
(c) Give any two applications of cyclotron.

Cyclotron works on the principle that a charged particle moving normal to a

magnetic field experiences magnetic Lorentz force due to which the particle moves
in a circular path. The working of a cyclotron is based on the fact that the frequency
of revolution of charged particle is not dependent on the energy.

A charged particle can be accelerated to very high energy by subjecting it to an

oscillating electric field applied between the dees. When the charged particle is
subjected to a uniform magnetic field, it moves in a circular path. Both the fields are
perpendicular to each other. The time for one revolution of the charged particle is
independent of its speed or radius of its orbit.

Bqv = mv2/r  v = qBr/m

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  T = 2πr/v
 T = 2πm/Bq.

ω = 2π/T = qB/m Cyclotron frequency

Kinetic energy, K = ½ mv2

K = ½ m (qBr/m)2
K = q2B2r2/2m
Uses of Cyclotron:
1. High energy particles produced in a cyclotron are used to bombard nuclei and study
the resulting nuclear reactions & investigate nuclear structure.
2. It is used to implant ions into solids and modify their properties or even synthesise
new materials.

OR
An alternating emf, E =E0 sinwt is applied as an input in a purely inductive circuit of
resistance R inductance L.
(a) What is the current in the circuit?
(b) What is the phase difference between the emf and the current?
(c) Draw the graphical representation of the emf and the current.
(d) What is the power dissipated?
(e) Show the emf and current in vector representation

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 where im = Vm/ ωL is the amplitude of the current.
The quantity ωL is analogous to the resistance and is called inductive reactance,
denoted by XL:
XL = ω L
The amplitude of the current is, then

The instantaneous power supplied to the inductor is

37 (a)What is interference of light? Write two essential conditions for sustained 5

interference pattern to be produced on the screen. Draw a graph showing the
variation of intensity versus the position on the screen in Young’s double slit
experiment when (i) both slits are open and (ii) one of the slits is closed.
(b)What will be the effect on the interference pattern in Young’s double slit
experiment when
(i) Screen is moved closer to the plane of the slits.
(ii) The original source is moved closer to the plane of the slits?

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(ii) If s is size of the source and S is distant of source from the plane of the two slits,
then for interference fringes to seen, the condition is
s/S<λ/D
As source slit is brought closer to double slit plane, S decreases, the interference
pattern gets less and less sharp. When the source is too close, the fringe separation
remains fixed.
OR
(a) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the image formation by an astronomical
telescope.
(b) Derive the expression for its magnifying power in normal adjustment.

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(c) Write two basic features which can distinguish between a telescope and a
compound microscope.

Sl No. Microscopes Telescopes

1. The focal length of the objective The focal length of the objective <
> focal length of the eye piece. focal length of the eye piece.

2. It is used to magnify and see It is used to see far off objects by

close by objects of micro size. producing an image close by.

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