TSI

User Manual
 Manual Revision
Revision Date Revision Level Description

Mar. 2020 1 A version

TSI
User Manual
 Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Software Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4
1.1.1 TSI................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.2 Road Function .................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Features................................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Installation .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.3.1 Installation........................................................................................................................ 5
1.3.2 Starting Interface .............................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Quick Start ............................................................................................................................. 8
1.4.1 Create a Project ............................................................................................................... 9
1.4.2 Set the Base .................................................................................................................. 10
1.4.3 Set the Rover ................................................................................................................. 12
1.4.4 Parameter Calculation .................................................................................................... 13
1.4.5 Detail Survey .................................................................................................................. 14
1.4.6 Stake Out ....................................................................................................................... 15
1.4.7 Data Transfer ................................................................................................................. 15
1.4.8 Connect the controller to Download Data......................................................................... 16
Project.......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.1 Project Info ........................................................................................................................... 18
2.2 Project Settings .................................................................................................................... 21
2.2.1 New Project.................................................................................................................... 21
2.2.2 System........................................................................................................................... 21
2.2.3 Option ............................................................................................................................ 30
2.3 Coordinate System ............................................................................................................... 31
2.3.1 Projection....................................................................................................................... 31
2.3.2 Datum ............................................................................................................................ 32
2.3.3 Plane ............................................................................................................................. 33
2.3.4 Height ............................................................................................................................ 34
2.3.5 Plane Grid ...................................................................................................................... 36
2.3.6 Option ............................................................................................................................ 37
2.4 Parameters Calculation ......................................................................................................... 38
2.5 Point Library ......................................................................................................................... 40
2.6 Raw Data ............................................................................................................................. 43
2.7 Mapping Data ....................................................................................................................... 45
 2.8 Data Transfer ....................................................................................................................... 46
2.9 Email.................................................................................................................................... 49
2.10 Code List ............................................................................................................................ 50
2.11 Software Settings................................................................................................................ 52
2.11.1 Location Information ..................................................................................................... 54
2.11.2 Satellite Information ...................................................................................................... 55
2.12 About ................................................................................................................................. 57
Device .......................................................................................................................................... 58
3.1 Device.................................................................................................................................. 59
3.1.1 Device Connection ......................................................................................................... 59
3.1.2 Register ......................................................................................................................... 62
3.1.3 NFC Connection............................................................................................................. 62
3.2 Base .................................................................................................................................... 62
3.2.1 Base Template ............................................................................................................... 63
3.2.2 Set Base ........................................................................................................................ 63
3.3 Rover ................................................................................................................................... 67
3.3.1 Rover Template.............................................................................................................. 67
3.3.2 Set Rover ....................................................................................................................... 68
3.4 GNSS Demo Mode ............................................................................................................... 70
3.5 Controller ............................................................................................................................. 71
3.6 Additional Settings ................................................................................................................ 71
3.6.1 Module Info .................................................................................................................... 72
3.6.2 Registration Info ............................................................................................................. 72
3.6.3 5-pin Port Data Output .................................................................................................... 73
3.6.4 Receiver Settings ........................................................................................................... 73
3.6.5 Service Info .................................................................................................................... 74
3.6.6 Restore System.............................................................................................................. 75
3.6.7 Network Diagnosis.......................................................................................................... 75
3.7 Console................................................................................................................................ 76
3.8 Static.................................................................................................................................... 77
3.8.1 Static Settings ................................................................................................................ 77
3.8.2 Static Data Management ................................................................................................ 78
3.9 Range Finder ....................................................................................................................... 78
3.9.1 Range Finder Connection ............................................................................................... 78
3.9.2 Range Finder Intersection ............................................................................................... 79
Survey.......................................................................................................................................... 80
 4.1 Detail Survey ........................................................................................................................ 81
4.1.1 Quick code ..................................................................................................................... 81
4.1.2 Map Navigation .............................................................................................................. 82
4.1.3 Manual Collection ........................................................................................................... 84
4.1.4 PPK Collection ............................................................................................................... 85
4.1.5 Culture Create ................................................................................................................ 86
4.1.6 Collect Input Method....................................................................................................... 87
4.1.7 Automatic Collection ....................................................................................................... 88
4.1.8 Average Collection ......................................................................................................... 89
4.1.9 Indirect Survey ............................................................................................................... 90
4.1.10 Attribute Querying......................................................................................................... 91
4.2 Stake Points ......................................................................................................................... 92
4.2.1 Attribute info ................................................................................................................... 95
4.2.2 AR Stake........................................................................................................................ 95
4.2.3 Prompt of closing to the stake point ................................................................................. 96
4.2.4 Angle of View ................................................................................................................. 97
4.3 Stake Line ............................................................................................................................ 97
4.3.1 Define Line..................................................................................................................... 99
4.3.2 Define Arcs and Spiral Curves ...................................................................................... 103
4.3.3 Attribute info ................................................................................................................. 103
4.3.4 Prompt of closing to the stake point ............................................................................... 104
4.4 Mapping Survey ................................................................................................................. 105
4.4.1 Mapping Data............................................................................................................... 107
4.4.2 Mapping Survey report export ....................................................................................... 107
4.5 Menu.................................................................................................................................. 108
Road........................................................................................................................................... 110
5.1 Operation Procedure .......................................................................................................... 111
5.2 Stake Road ........................................................................................................................ 111
5.2.1 Load the road line......................................................................................................... 111
5.2.2 Confirm the location of stakeout points .......................................................................... 113
5.2.3 Stake out ..................................................................................................................... 114
5.3 Road Design ...................................................................................................................... 114
5.3.1 Break Chain ................................................................................................................. 117
5.3.2 Centerline .................................................................................................................... 118
5.3.3 Profile .......................................................................................................................... 123
5.3.4 Cross-section ............................................................................................................... 123
 5.3.5 Side-section ................................................................................................................. 128
5.3.6 Construction design ...................................................................................................... 129
5.4 Store Cross-section ............................................................................................................ 130
5.5 Cross-section Points ........................................................................................................... 132
5.6 Surface .............................................................................................................................. 133
5.7 Elevation Difference............................................................................................................ 135
5.8 Surveying Configure ........................................................................................................... 136
5.8.1 Display......................................................................................................................... 137
5.8.2 Data............................................................................................................................. 139
5.8.3 Stake ........................................................................................................................... 141
COGO ......................................................................................................................................... 145
6.1 Angle Conversion ............................................................................................................... 146
6.2 Distance Conversion........................................................................................................... 146
6.3 Coordinate Conversion ....................................................................................................... 146
6.4 Area Calculation ................................................................................................................. 147
6.5 Distance and Azimuth ......................................................................................................... 148
6.6 Intersection Measurement ................................................................................................... 148
6.7 Angle Calculation................................................................................................................ 150
6.8 DTM Volume Calculation .................................................................................................... 150
6.9 Calculator ........................................................................................................................... 153
Slop Method2.0 .......................................................................................................................... 154
7 Operation .............................................................................................................................. 155
Quasi-dynamic Survey............................................................................................................... 157
8.1 Function Introduction .......................................................................................................... 158
8.2 Operation Procedure .......................................................................................................... 158
Appendix.................................................................................................................................... 160
9.1 Technical Terms ................................................................................................................. 161
9.2 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................. 163
9.3 File Formats ....................................................................................................................... 165
9.3.1 Road file ...................................................................................................................... 165
9.3.2 File format specification ................................................................................................ 166
Preface
Introduction
Welcome to the Titan TSI. This introduction describes how to use this product.

Experience Requirement
In order to help you use Satlab series’ products better, we suggest you carefully read the
instructions. If you are unfamiliar with the products, please refer to www.Satlab.com.se

Tips for Safe Use

Notice: The contents here are special operations and need your special attention.
Please read them carefully.

Warning: The contents here are very important. The wrong operation may
damage the machine, lose data, break the system and endanger your safety.

Exclusions
Before using the product, please read these operating instructions carefully, they will help you
to use it better. Satlab Geosolutions AB will assume no responsibility if you fail to operate the
product according to the instructions, or operate it wrongly due to misunderstanding the
instructions.
Satlab is committed to constantly perfecting product functions and performance, improving
service quality and reserves the right to change these operating instructions without notice.
We have checked the contents of the instructions and the software & hardware, without
eliminating the possibility of deviation. The pictures in the operating instructions are for
reference only. In the case of non-conformity with products, the products shall prevail.

Technology and Service

If you have any technical issues, please contact Satlab’s technology department for help.
Relevant Information
You can obtain this introduction by:
1. Purchasing Satlab’s products: you will find this manual in the instrument container to guide
you on operating the instrument.

1
2. Logging onto the Satlab official website to download the electronic version introduction in
“Partner Center”.

Advice
If you have any comments and suggestions for this product, please email to
[email protected]. Your feedback will help us to improve the product and service.

2
Chapter 1
Software Introduction
This chapter contains:
- Introduction
- Features
- Installation
- Quick Start

3
1.1 Introduction
TSI is measurement software with a high degree of accuracy on the Android system of Titan.
TSI should be run on Android 2.3.3 or above and you are suggested to run it on a Titan professional
measure controller, a general phone, pad and other Android devices. Just copy the TSI APK into the
Android device and install it.

1.1.1 TSI
TSI is designed for road measuring and staking with strong functions. it can be used for staking
complex roads, combining road lines, and has three road algorithms (intersection, element,
coordinate): cross-sections can be defined easily. The linear element method adopts the unified curve
element model with rigorous theory, and the numerical integration algorithm is used to avoid the
higher-order errors of traditional algorithms. Generally, the computing result can support all kinds of
roads, common line and multi-type complex lines and connect receivers to measure online via Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth and networks.

1.1.2 Road Function

- Supports for horizontal-section, vertical-section, cross-section, road-staking, slope-staking and visual
cross-section collection.
- Calculates line-staking point in real time, supporting for adding stake over any mileage, mileage-
projecting in real time, and displaying the mileage of staking points.
- Direct and convenient guidance method of staking, with line-staking and mid-level measurements
working at the same time.
- The horizontal section line supports the common method (intersection, element, coordinate) and can
freely define the line of any form. For example, the interchange ramp.
- The cross-section earthwork provides two methods: Mean Area method and Prism method to
calculate the amount of excavation.
- Supports multiple cross-section grade-change point-setting, the left and right slope can be edited into
asymmetric type. it can also edit over-elevation and widening of a slope.
- Supports DTM surface design, DTM surface-staking and DTM earthwork calculation.

1.2 Features
1. Easy to Use
-Text and Graphic measuring interface in Detail Survey can be chosen by the user.
-Simple design to give a big mapping screen.
-The station option can be one-key set by the configuration file.
-The defined coordinate system selected by region, convenient to set coordinate parameters.
-Supports many kinds of angle units, meets the operating habits and demands of professional
customers: good for globalization.

2. Supports Operating Big Data

-Supports raster, vector data in .dxf, .td2, .shp format (geodetic coordinate and plane coordinate).

4
-Raw data and coordinate data saved independently to make sure the data primitiveness and realize
post- processing kinematic, it is more flexible in data storing and processing, and the antenna type
and height of raw data can be changed, to make sure the data can be recovered (by resetting the
coordinate parameters, antenna type and height).
-More complete antenna parameters management.

3. Fashionable
-The software and receiver firmware can check the updates online automatically.
-Beautiful and fashionable interface.
-Wonderful and rich visual and touch experience to make users enjoy working.

1.3 Installation
1.3.1 Installation
Copy the TSI program (.apk) to an Android device, click it to start installing, a TSI icon will appear on
the desktop if the installation is successful. The software can be installed by third-party assistance
software.

Figure 1-3-1 TSI

1.3.2 Starting Interface

The first time the TSI software is run, it will show the welcome pages listing the software features.
Slide it to enter the starting interface. The welcome pages will not be displayed after the first running
(view it in the About interface).
There are 4 pages on the main interface: Project, Device, Survey, COGO. (slide or press the Tab
button to change the page)

There are 3 themes of the main interface: List, GridView and Simple. The default setting is GridView.

5
 Figure 1-3-2 Device-GridView Figure 1-3-3 Device-List

Figure 1-3-4 Device-Simple Figure 1-3-5 Device-More

Figure 1-3-6 Survey-GridView Figure 1-3-7 Survey-List

6
 Figure 1-3-8 Survey-Simple Figure 1-3-9 Survey-More

The module can be added and deleted in a simple theme, and can be deleted and recovered in
GridView and List theme. Long press the module to delete, the module can be recovered in Project →
Configure → Module Recovery.

Figure 1-3-10 Delete 1-3-11 Module Restore Figure 1-3-12 Select

TSI works on the folder TITAN, and the project is saved in folder TITAN/Project/Road.

Figure 1-3-13 Project

When doing measurements, first create a new project, set the parameters - they are saved in the *.prj
file. meanwhile, there will be a *.dam file with the same name of the project. the coordinate points,
stake points, control points will be saved in the map folder. Afterward, create a new project (the project
is named Unnamed), as in the picture follows.

7
 Figure 1-3-14 Road Work File

Notice:
1. If you create a new project when the hand-held controller does not have an
external TF card, the project folder will automatically generate a * .bak backup file.
2. When the controller has the external TF card, the backup data will be saved in
the TITAN-Bak folder. The specific project data is stored in the corresponding
project folder, as in the picture follows.

Figure 1-3-15 Road Backup

1.4 Quick Start

The following is the quick guide of software operation. Please refer to the detailed description of each
chapter for the steps. This process is only a solution that we provide to users. skilled users do not
need to follow this step.

8
1.4.1 Create a Project
1. Open the TSI software, the software main interface is as follows:

Figure 1-4-1 Main Interface

2. Create a new project, click Project → Project Info to enter the project name and then click OK.

Figure 1-4-2 Project Info Figure 1-4-3 New Project

3. Project Settings: select the projection, set the source ellipsoid and projection parameters.

9
 Figure 1-4-4 Project Settings Figure 1-4-5 Coordinate System

Figure 1-4-6 Projection Figure 1-4-7 Datum

1.4.2 Set the Base

Connect the device, click Device → Device Connection → Connect to select the base station number
for Bluetooth pair connection.

Figure 1-4-8 Device Figure 1-4-9 Connect

10
 Figure 1-4-10 Device Number Figure 1-4-11 Disconnect

Set the base station and receiver position, and then set the Datalink and Other.
1. Input the Target H.

2. Set the base location. If the base station is located at a known point and the conversion parameters
is known, direct input or select the point of the WGS-84 BLH coordinates from point library, or open
the conversion parameters in advance, enter the local NEZ coordinates, so that the base station puts
the point of the WGS-84 BLH coordinates as a reference and does the transmission of differential data.
If the base station is set as unknown, choose Set by average, and click Set to complete the
coordinates of the base station.

Figure 1-4-12 Set Base

3. Slide down to set the relevant parameters.

(e.g.: When you want to use the radio work mode, please select the Internal UHF as the data link, and
then select the radio channel).
- Channel: Any channel between 0 to 115 can be set, but the rover settings should be consistent with
the base station.
- Protocol: Protocol can be set as you like on the list. Please make sure to use the same protocol on
base and rover.
- Power: High / Middle/ Low

11
 Figure 1-4-13 Data Link

4. Check whether the receiver differential light is flashing once every second (2/sec in power-saving
mode). When using the external radio station, the radio will flash once every second to prompt that the
Base station is ready, and ask if you want to set the Rover now?
After the parameter is set, click Set and then the receiver will have a voice prompt with its light flashing
twice every second to indicate that the base station is set up successfully and sending the differential
data.
Wait until the green light flashes once every second (2/sec in power-saving mode) and the radio red
light flashes once every second, indicating that the base station is successfully operating, and is
transmitting the signal. If the light does not flash, you can restart the receiver and re-operate once
again.

Figure 1-4-14 Set Prompt

1.4.3 Set the Rover

Connect to the rover by Bluetooth, and confirm that the rover data link and other parameters are
consistent with the base station. The setting of the rover station is the same as that of the base station.
The data link parameters of the rover station must be the same as the base station, to receive
corrections. Then click Set and the receiver will say “UHF rover”. Wait until it shows Fix Pos, and then
start the measurement.
12
 Figure 1-4-15 Set Rover

1.4.4 Parameter Calculation

Firstly, set the control point library in Point Library → Control Point to add control points, enter the
name and the corresponding coordinates by manual input, real-time collecting, point library or map
selection, and then click OK.

Figure 1-4-16 Point Library Figure 1-4-17 Control Point Figure 1-4-18 Edit Point

Click Parameter Calculation, select Plane + Height Fitting type and Constant Vertical Offset in Height
(the Height can be selected as Plane Fitting when there are three points above), and then add point
pairs, select the point as the source point, enter the corresponding control point coordinate in the
target point, then click Save.

13
 Figure 1-4-19 Parameters Calculation Figure 1-4-20 Add Point

Figure 1-4-21 Save Point Figure 1-4-22 Result

After adding more than two points, click Calculate, it will show the calculated Plane + Height Fitting
results, mainly to see the rotation and scale. The result of the plane translation is generally smaller in
the north and east, the rotation is about zero, the scale is between 0.9999 and 1.0000 (in general, the
closer to 1, the better the scale is), the smaller the plane and elevation residual is, the better the result .
Click Apply and the software will automatically use the new parameters to update the coordinate point
library.

1.4.5 Detail Survey

In the Detail Survey interface, begin to collect high accurate coordinates when it shows RTK Fix. After
the rover station on the unknown point is OK, you can press the acquisition key and enter the
Name, Target H and Target-H type. Then press OK to record the point.

14
 Figure 1-4-23 Detail Survey Figure 1-4-24 Save Point

1.4.6 Stake Out

Click Stake Points to enter the point staking-out interface and click the button to select the staked-
out point, according to the direction and distance, and tips used to find the staked-out points. There is
a process to get the current point (triangle mark) close to the target point (round plus cross sign). The
staking-out circle turns red when it is finished and meets the precision parameters.

In the process of staking-out, you can also collect detail points, by the Store on the interface or
store keying on the hand-held controller.

Figure 1-4-25 Staking Point Figure 1-4-26 Stake Success

1.4.7 Data Transfer

In the Data Transfer interface, select Raw Data, and select the exchange type for export, select the
corresponding format export or User-defined export, input the file name, select the file save the path,
and then click OK to export data. If it’s User-defined export, after clicking OK, you can enter the
custom format settings to select export content, and then click OK to export the data.

15
 Figure1-4-27 Data Transfer Figure 1-4-28 Export Figure 1-4-29 Custom Format

1.4.8 Connect the controller to Download Data

Connect the hand-held controller to the computer with the USB data cable. Click USB Storage in the
following dialogue box, then click OK in the dialog box when that appears.

Figure 1-4-30 Transfer by USB

Find the path to export the data file on the hand-held controller (default: TITAN\Out), copy it to the
computer, and then the RTK measure is finished.

Figure 1-4-31 Exported Data

16
Chapter 2
Project
This chapter contains:
- Project Info
- Project Settings
- Coordinate System
- Parameters Calculation
- Point Library
- Raw Data
- Mapping Data
- Data Transfer
- Email
- Code List
- Software Settings
- About

17
2.1 Project Info
Click Project Info in the main interface to manage projects. Check the project information, including
name, points, projection, time, available space and whether to support the collection of the same
name point and history point. You can make some operations with the project, including create, open,
delete, recover, export, view, edit, and add attributes.

Figure 2-1-1 Main Interface Figure 2-1-2 New Project

- OK: After you input the project name, click OK to get a new project and automatically open it for the
current project. If there is already a project with the same name, click OK to open it. or create a new
project as the current project. The old project can be opened or deleted by long pressing.
- Attribute: Save the title and content of the current project. Long press a project to select Properties in
the toolbar. The attribute length is not limited, nor supported for writing and deleting in batches.
attribute titles can be the same, when adding attribute names, you can enter different values. the
attribute name cannot be null, it needs to be digits, Chinese or English characters.

Figure 2-1-3 Enter Attribute Figure 2-1-4 Edit Figure 2-1-5 Add Attribute

- Delete: Delete the selected project. The project can be deleted directly or backup deleted (similar to
recycle bin), providing the user with a remedial measure after mis-operation. (backup delete
compresses and then deletes the project). The compressed version is stored at TITAN / Project /
ROAD directory).

18
 Figure 2-1-6 Delete Figure 2-1-7 Prompt to Delete

- Restore: The Raw Data, Coordinate Parameters and Project Info can be restored from the TITAN-
Bak folder of the external TF card of the work folder. When creating a project or collecting the points,
the raw data file, dam or QR code coordinate parameters file, project information file, and cross-
section points library in the same project name folder will be backed up on the external TF card
TITAN-Bak folder. The Restore function can only be used when installing an external TF card.

Figure 2-1-8 Restore List Figure 2-1-9 Backup Folder

Notice:
1. If there is no external TF card, it will prompt every time you start the TSI.
2. The backup function requires that the hand-held controller version must be in
V1.0.2 and above.

When you restore data, long-press the project to select, press the selected project again to cancel.
Click Select All / Cancel All to select all projects or cancel. After selecting, click Start Restore to
recover.

19
 Figure 2-1-10 Select All Figure 2-1-11 Cancel All

The recovered project will be saved at Project Info→Previous Projects. If there is a previous project
with the same name as the restored project, it will add _1 at the end of the recovered project name.

Figure 2-1-12 Same Name Figure 2-1-13 the Recovered File

-Export: Export the current project reports in *.txt format, *.html format of Project Report or
MappingPoint Report in *.html format.

Figure 2-1-14 Export Format Figure 2-1-15 Export

20
2.2 Project Settings
2.2.1 New Project

Figure 2-2-1 New Project

- Auto Enter Project Settings: On opening, it will automatically go to Project Settings, and show the
System interface to set coordinates.
- Use Last Localization Params: After opening, the current project will use the same coordinate
parameters as the last project (including the transformation model and parameters of plane conversion
and elevation fitting).
- Use Last Control Point File: After opening, the control point of the last project will be copied to the
current project.
- Define Project Attributes: Set the note of a new project. It will automatically go to the attribute-
inputting interface to edit the corresponding attribute, after defining the project’s attribute.

2.2.2 System
In System interface, coordinate system parameters can be set with the dam file, QR code or in Coord
Sys Management. If coordinate parameters are changed, the coordinate point library will be updated
too.
Project coordinate parameters include Coordinate System, Framework Shifting, Framework Shifting
Info, Framework Calibration, and Framework Calibration Info. Data Management is used for external
data management.

21
 Figure 2-2-2 Load Coord System

1. Coordinate Parameters - Dam File Loading

Each software project corresponds to a separate *.dam file, there will be a new Dam file (the same
name as the project) when you create a project. In Project Settings→System interface, the user clicks
to load a dam file, getting the coordinate parameter of the existing project applied to the current
project: the coordinate point library will be updated at the same time.

Figure 2-2-3 Add Dam File

2. Coordinate Parameters - QR Code

In the Project Settings→System interface, click to enter the QR code scanning interface, to get
coordinate parameters from the QR code, and then create, Encrypt, share and Save the QR code.

22
 Figure 2-2-4 Scan QR Code

Click My QR Code and it will create a QR code of the current project coordinate parameters. the user
can encrypt, share and save it. The scanned encrypted QR code only can be used, it cannot be
viewed and edited.
- Encrypt: The user can choose to encrypt the coordinate parameters first, and then re-generate the
QR code. the encrypted QR code can be shared and saved. encrypted parameters are not visible and
cannot be edited, only called.
- Share: The QR code can be shared by third-party software to other customers.
- Save: The QR code can be saved as a picture in the controller. If there is a file with the same name
under the Save path, you can tick the coverage or enter a new filename.

Figure 2-2-5 QR Code Figure 2-2-6 Encrypt

23
 Figure 2-2-7 Share Figure 2-2-8 Save

Figure 2-2-9 Prompt Figure 2-2-10 Projection

3. Coordinate Parameters - Coord Sys Management

Figure 2-2-11 Coord Sys Management

24
The software coordinate transformation module is CoordLib module, which has been verified for many
years and provides practical and full coordinate calculation ability. In Projection, it includes Gaussian,
Mercator, Lambert projection, etc. In Datum conversion, it provides Bursa-Wolf Transformation,
Molodensky, Ten Params and others. In Plane conversion, it provides 2D Helbert, TGO, Planar
Transformation Grid, FreeSurvey, and Polynomial Fitting and other conversion methods. In Height
Fitting conversion, it provides Mathematical Models, TGO, FreeSurvey, and Geoid-Ellipsoid
Separation Grid.
In the Project Settings→System interface, users can click to enter the Coord Sys Management
interface. Common coordinate systems can be added to system lists for easy use.

Figure 2-2-12 Pre-defined List Figure 2-2-13 Pre-defined Coord

- Pre-defined: Support for loading the Pre-defined coordinate systems, which are classified by
continent and country, for convenient selection.
- User-Defined: Add user-defined coordinate system according to the local situation.

Figure 2-2-14 Select Coord Figure 2-2-15 Apply Coord

- Delete/Edit: Long press the coordinate system on Pre-defined List to delete and edit. Editing
coordinate system parameters in the system list do not affect the coordinate system parameters

in the project unless you click the Apply button after editing the coordinate system.

25
- Apply: Update the projection parameters used by the project. There will pop-up a dialog to prompt
whether the selected coordinate system should be applied to the current project. Click OK and the
parameters are used successfully. The software converts the WGS84 geodetic coordinate BLH,
measured by the receiver, to the plane coordinate NEZ of the selected coordinate system parameters.

4. Coordinate System
Click Coordinate System to go to the Coord Sys Management edit interface. you can edit the current
project coordinate parameters and the created coordinate system is just used for the current project.
Whether to update the parameters to the corresponding projection list can be chosen when saving. If
OK, coordinate system parameters will be applied to the project according to current settings. if you
select Cancel, coordinate system parameters will not be updated.

Figure 2-2-16 Warning

5. Framework Shifting
This is for computing the horizontal and vertical translation between two coordinate systems.
The user can transfer the collected GNSS coordinates to local NEZ by one point. For example, give
the top-left point as (0, 0, 0), then other points are translated to an independent coordinate system,
according to the point.
Generally, the translation value is too large, if you translate BLH and NEZ, there will be a big
projection error, so after framework-shifting, the saved BLH is still the original BLH, while the NEZ is
the local one.
- Compute: Compute the dN, dE, dZ from the current point and known point. Users need to obtain the
source point (the current point) coordinates and the coordinates of the known point first. The known
point can be input directly or selected from the library. The source point can be got from average
collection , real-time collection , library and map .

26
 Figure 2-2-17 Compute Figure 2-2-18 Result

- Apply: Check it to apply the correct value to the project.

- Load: Load the existing translation file.
- Save as: Save the translation parameters as a .txt file, so it can be used by other projects.
- OK: Save the translation parameters and update the project.
The calculated point translation parameter can be selected in the Project Settings→ System interface.

Figure 2-2-19 Framework Shifting

6. Framework Calibration
This is for computing the horizontal and vertical translation between two coordinate systems, generally
used for situations as below:
Only one BJ-54, XIAN-80 point or only one point of a coordinate system which is a little rotated from
WGS-84. Set the Base, then take the Rover to a known point, click Framework Calibration→ Compute,
collect the NEZ coordinate, input the known point, click Compute to get the Correction dN, dE, dZ of
the known point and source point, press Apply to apply the parameters and the collected points will be
corrected to the coordinate system of the known point.
You created a project, it worked, but you don’t want to set the base at the same place, so now you can
set the base at any place, by using the Framework Calibration function Open the first-used project to a
known point to correct the coordinates. The correction method is the same as the first situation.

27
- Compute: Calculate the coordinate correction dN, dE, dZ according to the current point and the
known point. Users need to obtain the source point (the current point) coordinates and the coordinates
of the known point first. The known points can be entered in three ways: select from the point library
, select from the map , or enter the coordinates directly. Select BLH/NEZ: the resulting known
point coordinates will correspond to the NEZ/BLH format.

Figure 2-2-20 Compute Figure 2-2-21 Correcting Amount Figure 2-2-22 Current

- Apply: Apply the calculated correction to the project.

- OK: Select Apply after computing, and click OK to apply the framework calculation parameters
(notice: it is different from the OK that appears after pressing the return key).
- Cancel/OK: Select Apply, and click the return key to pop-up the prompt dialog, click Cancel to return
the framework calculation parameters. Click OK to give up modifying the parameters.
- Load: Load the stored parameters.
- Save as: Store the calculated calibration parameters.
The calculated calibration parameters can be selected in the Project Settings→System interface.

Figure 2-2-23 Framework Calibration

After using the framework calculation parameter to collect points, the parameters are automatically
recorded in the raw data of each point, so that the geodetic coordinates of WGS-84 coordinates are
restored when errors occur. In the Raw Data→Edit RawData interface, the framework calculation
parameters of the original data can be viewed.

28
7. External Data Management
Enter External data management, click Add to load layer file *.td2, *.dxf and *.shp (when the external
data format is incorrect, the file can’t be imported) as the map background. Support for arc, circle and
spiral curve. The imported dxf can be viewed in the map in colors. The color can be switched in
Configuration→Display→Display color. Switch on to display all kinds of colors in *.dxf. switch off to
display the default black. After loading points, lines, polygons in *.td2 format, the raster layer is always
at the bottom, followed by polygons, lines, and points.

Figure 2-2-24 External Data Management Figure 2-2-25 External data type

Figure 2-2-26 Add External Data Figure 2-2-27 Edit External Data

29
 Notice:
External data management: Open all layers by default when adding the base map.
Click the icon in front of the list, to switch layer visibility (on or off), which
corresponds to that the base map of measurement interface display or not. Long
press the added layer to open/close/delete the operation.

Figure 2-2-28 Display External Data

2.2.3 Option
Do some other configurations, including Angle, Distance, Apply Unit to Data Output, Time Stamp,
Store GNSS Precision and Auto Load Last Road File.

Figure 2-2-29 Option

- Angle: Confirm the angle unit, including DMS, Gon and mil.
- Distance: Confirm the distance unit, including m, Foot and US Foot.
- Apply Unit to Data Output: Export data according to the set angle and distance format.
- Time Stamp: Record the real-time of each collecting point.
- Store GNSS Precision: Record the precision of each point collection.
- Auto Load Last Road File: Load the road file used when last opening the project.

30
2.3 Coordinate System
There are 3 methods to get into the coordinate system setting interface:

1. Main Interface Project→Coordinate System.

2. Main Interface Project→Project Settings→System→Coordinate System.
3. Main Interface Project → Project Settings → System → Coord Sys Management, long-press the
Coordinate system on the list to edit and enter the interface. Click Save after setting all the parameters,
the system will prompt whether to update the parameters to the corresponding projection list, click OK
to finish setting parameters.

Figure 2-3-1 System Figure 2-3-2 Projection Figure 2-3-3 Height

Notice:
All the tabs in the software can be swiped by gestures, or click the tab page title bar
to switch the page and make the tab page title bar automatically centered

2.3.1 Projection
Frequently used projections built-in: Gauss, Mercator, Lambert, etc. (notice: when using
Gauss-3 or Gauss-6, the device can automatically compute the origin longitude after connecting, other
custom projections are not supported).

31
 Figure 2-3-4 Obtain Origin Longitude Figure 2-3-5 Other Parameters

Notice:
1. The Zone can be added in Coordinate System-Projection-Zone+.
2. After opening Zone+, all coordinate E input box will be carried out with the
number detection, if the number does not match, the input box will display the red
font indicating that the number does not match the data confirmation.

2.3.2 Datum
Users can set source ellipsoid, local ellipsoid and datum transfer model (including Bursa-Wolf
Transformation, Molodensky, One-touch, Polynomial Regression and Ten Params).

Figure 2-3-6 Datum Settings Figure 2-3-7 Datum Model

- Save: Click Save to save the parameters in a .dam file after settings, the set parameters are invalid
without clicking Save.
- Source Ellipsoid: Generally using WGS-84, a means semi-major axis, 1/f means the inverse of
flattening, and there are many frequently used ellipsoids built-in.
32
- Local Ellipsoid: Local used ellipsoid.

Notice:
Customize the ellipsoid:

Figure 2-3-8 Datum-Source Ellipsoid Figure 2-3-9 Datum-Local Ellipsoid

Edit the name of the source ellipsoid or target ellipsoid, long axis a (m) and the
inverse of flattening (1/f) into the two lines to be input, the user input, the
corresponding parameters and save it. Then the custom ellipsoid parameters will
be saved in the file TITAN / Ellipse.csv

1. Bursa-Wolf
Including translation, rotation, scale parameters between two ellipsoids, the rotating angle should be
very small. Bursa-Wolf needs at least three points to compute, it’s suitable for conversion between
different ellipsoidal coordinates.

2. Molodensky
A simplified model of Bursa-Wolf, only space translation parameters, it is a low accuracy mode and
just needs one point to compute: suitable for the transformation of WGS-84 to a national coordinate
system.

3. Polynomial Regression
Express the transfer relations of each space vector between two ellipsoids by a polynomial.

2.3.3 Plane
Include 2D Helmert, TGO, Planar Transformation Grid, FreeSurvey, and Polynomial Fitting.

33
 Figure 2-3-10 Plane Method

1. 2D Helmert
Includes translation, rotation, scale parameters between two plane coordinate systems, it just needs
two points in any coordinate system to compute.

2. TGO
A plane coordinate system transfer method of TGO software, more North Origin, East Origin than 2D
Helmert.

3. Planar Transformation Grid

Select an existing grid file to transfer WGS-84 to grid coordinate. The grid file (*.grd) needs to be
copied to the GeoPath folder in TITAN.

4. FreeSurvey
A transfer method of THALES company, more North Origin, East Origin than 2D Helmert.

5. Polynomial Fitting
Transfer the place by a polynomial model. In some projects, when the known points involved in
calculating plane transformation and elevation fitting parameters are different points, use 2D Helmert
and Height Fitting to individually calculate parameters.

The 2D Helmert is used in the calculation part of the plane, and the method is similar to the datum
conversion model.
- When using four-parameters, the scale parameter is generally very close to 1, about 1.0000x or
0.9999x.
- When using three-parameters, the parameters generally need to be less than 120.
- When using seven-parameters, the parameters are required to be smaller, preferably less than 1000.

2.3.4 Height
Include Mathematical Models, TGO, Geoid-Ellipsoid Separation Grid and FreeSurvey.
1. Mathematical Models
- Constant Vertical Offset: Translation needs one starting point at least.
34
- Planar Fitting: Needs three starting points at least.
- Quadratic Surface: Needs six starting points at least.
- Zonal: Needs three starting points at least.

2. TGO
A height transfer model includes five parameters: H0 (constant adjustment), Kb (north slope), Kl (east
slope), North Origin and East Origin.

3. Geoid-Ellipsoid Separation Grid

Select an existing grid file to fit height. The grid file (*.grd) needs to be copied to the GeoPath folder in
the TITAN path.

4. FreeSurvey
A transfer method includes five parameters: H0 (constant), Kb (north slope), Kl (east slope), B0 (origin
latitude) and L0 (origin longitude).

Figure 2-3-11 Height Figure 2-3-12 Parameters Figure 2-3-13Result

The calculation of the individual height-fitting parameters includes Constant Vertical Offset, Planar
Fitting, Quadratic Surface, and Zonal, which correspondingly require one, three, six and three starting
points, at least, to be used. Enter the Name, N, E, the original H and the target H of the point involved
in the height fitting parameter calculation, then click Add. After adding all points, click Compute to see
the residual values, the maximum residual value is generally required to be less than 3 cm. If the value
meets the requirements, click Apply. If not, click Cancel, remove the points with a big error and have a
resolution.

Set the height fitting mode:

- Constant Vertical Offset refers to the receiver measured height plus a fixed constant as the use of
elevation: the constant can be negative.
- Planar Fitting refers to the height anomaly corresponding to multiple leveling points to produce an
optimal fitting plane. When the plane is parallel to the horizontal plane, the planar fitting is equal to the
constant vertical offset.
- Quadratic Surface refers to the height anomaly corresponding to multiple levelling points to produce
an optimal fitting paraboloid. Quadratic Surface is relatively high for the starting data, and if the fitting
is too poor, it may cause a height correction value divergence in the work area.
- Zonal: two known benchmarks to create a virtual mark, used to make the planar fitting.

35
- Grid Fitting needs to select the grid fitting file, it supports Trimble (ggf), Satlab (zgf), Geoid99 (bin)
formats, compatible with egm-96 model. Grid fitting files are often large, the reading may take some
time, please be patient. Grid Fitting is rarely used. If Grid Fitting and the other four kinds of elevation
method are selected at the same time, Grid Fitting will be taken first, and then the hother fittings.

Figure 2-3-14 Height Fitting Plane Simulation

Notice:
When importing parameters from the computer, the parameters can be edited into
* .txt, parameter formats are as follows:

Table 2-3-1 Built-in Network Parameter Settings

Four-parameters Seven-parameters
// The first line is skipped and just written // The first line is skipped and just written
DX:9847.12172733449 DX:511.755584317388
DY:-200265.017483647 DY:-674.430387295999
R:0.0162640727776042 DZ:-656.294939762613
m:0.000162436743812444 RX:-0.000126577363609681
RY:-1.44916763174951E-05
RZ:0.0261524898234588
m:0.000168070284370492

2.3.5 Plane Grid

Open the Grid needed and select the grid file. The grid file (*.grd) needs to be copied to the GeoPath
folder in TITAN.

36
 Figure 2-3-15 Plane Grid Figure 2-3-16 Grid-Grid File

2.3.6 Option
To apply the parameters computed by HD-Power to TSI, just input the parameters, select Simplified in
Helmert Formula and the first in 2nd Eccentricity Formula.
- Encrypt: To display the file encryption, the settings cannot be changed. if the dam parameter file is
encrypted, you can see if the coordinate system date is expired.
- Plane Correction Grid: Bilinear Interpolation/Dual-quadratic Spline Interpolation. The default is dual-
quadratic spline interpolation.
- Plane Correction Grid: It is hidden by default, and it can be seen only if the model in the Plane
interface is either Planar Transformation Grid or the NE Grid or NEZ Grid in Plane Grid interface is
opened.

After modifying the values above, click Save, the software will modify the dam file under the current
project, with the same name as the project. if the reference ellipsoid has been transformed, the
coordinates will change.

Figure 2-3-17 Option Figure 2-3-18 Plane Correction Grid

37
2.4 Parameters Calculation
This function is for computing the transfer relation between two coordinate systems, including Bursa-
wolf Transformation, Modensky, Plane + Height Fitting, 2D Helmert Transformation, Height Fitting and
One Touch.

Figure 2-4-1 Parameters Calculation Figure 2-4-2 Add Point

- Add: Add the source point and local point. the source point can be input from manual, real-time
collecting, library and selecting on map (BLH by default), the local point can be input from manual and
library. The single or average collection is used for parameter calculation and data storage is
supported (save to the Coord Point & Raw Data). After input, click Save. If you need to manipulate the
existing point information, long-press it to edit or delete.

Figure 2-4-3 Save to the Point Library

- Open: Support for Point pairs (*.txt), Carlson Loc File (*.loc), User-defined (*.txt).
- Save: Save the point pairs coordinate information, support for Point pairs (*.txt) and User-defined
(*.txt). The angle format and exported file can be set in User-defined (*.txt)
- Compute: Compute the transfer parameters from source point to local point, it will compute the
parameters and HRMS, VRMS of each point (HRMS: the horizontal RMS of the current point. VRMS:
the vertical RMS of the current point).

38
 Figure 2-4-4 HRMS and VRMS

- Apply: Apply to corresponding coordinate parameters, and the result will be updated to the Coord
point library.
- Cancel: Cancel the parameter computing result and go back to the calculation interface.

Figure 2-4-5 Edit Point Figure 2-4-6 Result

Figure 2-4-7 Plane + Height Fitting Figure 2-4-8 Add Point

39
The coordinate information input of point pairs by Plane + Height Fitting calculation can be set with
specific types:
- Tick Plane: Use the plane coordinate NE of the point.
- Tick Height: Use the elevation coordinate Z of the point.
- Tick Plane & Height: Use the plane coordinate NE and elevation coordinate Z of the point, to
compute plane and height fitting.
The color description of point pairs in Plane + Height Fitting:
- Blue: Use plane coordinate information of point pairs only.
- Yellow: Use elevation coordinate information of point pairs only.
- Green: Use plane and elevation coordinate information of point pairs.

Notice:
1. From the Project Settings→System→Coord Sys Management, enter the Edit or
Define Project Attributes coordinate parameter interface to do the parameter
calculation, which is the calculation for parameters’ conversion corresponding to
current custom or edited coordinate system type (you can’t change the parameter
calculation type).
2. From the Project→Parameter calculation or Project→Coordinate system →
Parameter calculation or Project→Project Setting→System→Parameter calculation
- to calculate the current project coordinate conversion parameters. The
parameters’ calculation type can be selected independently, and the default is the
Plane + Height Fitting. The height-fitting type is the currently selected type for
parameter fitting by default.

2.5 Point Library

All coordinate point, stake point, control point data will be saved here, including Name, N, E, Z, and
Description. The list can be viewed by the left and right slipping. You can search and add points or
change the display settings. Long press to enter select mode, tick to select all/ cancel all. the
selected points can be deleted or edited; you can delete many points but only edit one point.

Figure 2-5-1 Coord Point Figure 2-5-2 Stake Point Figure 2-5-3 Control Point

40
 Notice:
1. In the Coord Point and Raw Data, the coordinate point list is a positive sequence
display, the latest collection points shown in the last.
2. Coord Point - only for viewing, showing and editing the description, it does not
allow add or delete.

- Search: Search the corresponding point by name and description.

- Set: Set the NEZ display order of the coordinate points, the decimal number of the coordinates, and
the number of coordinate points.

Figure 2-5-4 Display Settings

- New: Create the new stakeout document on the same project. Click Stake Point, the current list will
be cleared, at the same time, the file system will be in a fixed file directory (map folder under project)
new a blank Stake Point as the current staking points file.
- Open: Open other stakeout documents on the same project. if you need to open the A project
stakeout point, you must first copy the *.td2 and *.tdb file of A to the same project directory.
- Batch: Support to add numerous stake and control points from the point library.
- Add: Add Coord point information, including name, coordinate and description. the coordinate can be
from the real-time collection, select point and select on the map.
- Edit: Only edits description of Coord points. All data of the stake point and control point can be edited.

41
Figure 2-5-5 Coord Point Figure 2-5-6 Stake Point Figure 2-5-7 Control Point

Notice:
1. Point Library of Edit operation does not allow editing the name and coordinates,
and only description is allowed to edit.
2. The operation can only be edited one at a time.
- Delete: Delete the selected stake point and control point, which can be deleted
directly, or tick in front of the name to select all to delete. Point Library cannot be
deleted. If you need to delete the coordinates, go to the Raw Data interface for
deleting.

Figure 2-5-8 Delete

Notice:
1. The stake point and control point support full/full cancel. The Point Library does
not support this operation.
2. Long press to enter the selection mode, click to select multiple points, check the
button to select the all / cancel all operation. you can delete one or more selected
points, but each time only one point to edit.
42
2.6 Raw Data
Raw Data is to record BLH, Target H RMSE and description under WGS-84 ellipsoid collection, it can
be transferred to get plane coordinates by using the coordinate transfer system.

Figure 2-6-1 Raw Data Figure 2-6-2 Select All Raw Data

- New: Create a raw data file (*.raw).

- Open: Open an existing raw data file.
- Search: Search the coordinate point by name or description.
- Edit: Edit the raw data point name, code, station, target height, height type, and antenna type. it
supports batch edit. the corresponding coordinate point name will be changed after editing raw data.
View other information of point, including solution type, coordinate information, averaged times,
latency, PDOP, satellite, the recording time, station coordinates, the vertical Angle, azimuth of tilt
vector and points calibration information, etc.

Notice:
1. Raw Data list shows the ground point of the earth coordinates B, L, H (consider
Framework Calibration, the Antenna high), slide to right to view the original data
list.
2. All the geodetic coordinates shown in measurement interfaces are geodetic
coordinates of ground points.

43
 Figure 2-6-3 Edit RawData Figure 2-6-4 Batch

Notice:
1. Turn on Surveying Configure → Data → Allow Same PtName function, raw data
supports the same name point collection. If you close it, the name of the re-entry
will be prompted to repeat that Duplicate name: please enter it again.
2. In the Edit RawData→Other Info can check Framework Calibration information. If
the project does not open using the Framework Calibration, the Framework
Calibration value is 0.

- Upload: Upload raw data to the private cloud.

- Set: Set the loading sequence and display.
- Process: Apply the current parameters to point library and get the result. Tick Use coordinate system
of the current project, the project Coord system is used by default, do not tick Use coordinate system
of current project if you need to update the coordinate system, just go to Coord Sys Management to
set it.

Notice:
After the operation, software will update the coordinate point library by default, the
measurement interface will display the new point coordinates after opening the new
coordinates system.

44
 Figure 2-6-5 Raw Data Figure 2-6-6 Process

Figure 2-6-7 Export Figure 2-6-8 Custom Format

Processed data can be exported, and export content can be selected in the optional field of the
custom format setting. If there is the same file name, then it will prompt “the same file name already
exists’, you can check to Cover the original data or enter a new file name, then click OK to export.
Optional fields include ID, Name, N, E, Z, B, L, H, Tilt N, Tilt E, Tilt Z, Tilt B, Tilt L, Tilt H,

Antenna H, σN, σE, Plane HRMS, σZ, Target H, Ave Times, Status, StartLocal time, EndLocal time,
StartUTC time, EndUTC time, Desc, Latency, Sats, Shared Sats, PDOP, Elevation(°), VRS Name,
Base B, Base L, Base H, Station, Tilt Angel, Tilt Azi, Tilt X, Tilt Y, TiltX Azi, Local B, Local L, Local H,
Baseline Length, Azimuth, Offset, Audios, Images and Null.

2.7 Mapping Data

Mapping Data can show all mapping survey points and supports New, Open, search, and long
pressing to delete and edit.

45
 Figure 2-7-1 Mapping Data Figure 2-7-2 Edit Mapping Data

2.8 Data Transfer

Export or import Raw Data, Stake Point, Control Point and Mapping Data of the current project, for
convenient searching and use. If there is a file with the same name as the exporting one, it will show A
file with the same name already exists, tick Cover to export it - this does not delete the old one.

Figure 2-8-1 Export

Raw data export format includes:

User-defined(*.txt), User-defined(*.csv), dxf File(*.dxf), shp File(*.shp), Excel File(*.csv), South
cass7.0(*.dat), Scsg2000(*.dat), PREGEO(*.dat), asc File(*.asc), kml(*.kml), NETCAD (*.NCN).

46
 Figure 2-8-2 Format-CSV Figure 2-8-3 Format List

The Coordinate point, stake point, and control point are saved as Survey.td2, Stake.td2, Control.td2 in
the Map folder.
Raw data supports importing from Hi-RTK, which realizes the data compatibility between Hi-RTK and
TSI. The raw data, stake point and control point support user-defined importing.
The import and export operation of custom format file method is:

Figure 2-8-4 Import Figure 2-8-5 Fields

1. In the Supported Fields list, select the fields that need to be exported. The Selected Fields are
automatically filled in the Selected Fields list click the button to select the full or full cancellation
fields. The Export Contents will show the heads of the parts in proper order.

2. Select one item of Selected Field, clicking Delete will not export the field. If you move Up or Down to
adjust the export order, the Export Contents field order will change altogether.

3. Click the Set button to set the Angle format, Precision, Splitter and whether to include the Format
Header and Template Management, etc.

47
 Figure 2-8-6 Custom Format

4. After setting, click OK to import or export the file. when the software is reintroduced into the staking
point interface, the import format will default to be the data format of the last import, as long as the
user does not do data cleaning or uninstall the software.

5. Project tilt measurement, Data Transfer→Raw Data custom export, supports the export of non-tilt
correction of the plane coordinates.
6. If the item PPK function is ticked, when the rover is set, the PPK correction prompt box will pop-up
when the original data is exported in Raw Data→Data Processing or Data Exchange. Click Yes to
enter the PPK correction file selection box, then select the file to correct the processing or exported
point.

Figure 2-8-7 Prompt PPK Figure 2-8-8 Select PPK File

Notice:
1. All the import and export methods involved in the file custom format are the
same as this step.
2. The file import data needs to do the number and coordinate range detection
(including parameter Calculation Loading, Data Exchange - Stake Point / Control
48
 Point import, Stake Line→Stake Line Library loading, Road Stake/Cross-section
Collection→Road Design File the choice of loading, Road Design →Plane-Section
Design Line intersection, line element, coordinate method of loading. If the test data
is not within the range of the value, or the E coordinate band number does not
match, the Input import error prompt box is displayed.

2.9 Email
As an Android email client, the user can send project files by email to realize for remote uploading of
data.

Figure 2-9-1 Email- From TSI Figure 2-9-2 Email-Enter Address Figure 2-9-3 Feedback

Tick Email-From TSI to make Satlab send mail as the sender.

Otherwise, users can switch to the mail type and enter the address, it supports most email systems.
Tick Feedback to give the feedback to Satlab.

File browser operation method (all operations involved in the file browsing options are applicable to
this method in this software):

1. Press and hold an item. when the bottom right corner of the current item appears, put all

items into selection mode, press the BACK button to exit the selection mode.

2. In the selection mode, you can select or deselect, or select multiple options.

3. In non-selection mode, click on each page, to return to the upper directory, until you reach the
root directory of the TF card.

4. Click OK to complete the file selection.

File transfer network status test. enter the file transfer interface initially, without displaying the network
status test button. When clicking Send and the message fails to send, it will show the Test Network
button. Click it to Test Network status and display the test results.

49
 Figure 2-9-4 Check the Network

2.10 Code List

Code List is a replacement for the long description with a shortcode. The user can enter Code List
from the main interface, to Add, Search, Edit and Delete the code, and the code is synchronized with
the property.txt or property_zh.txt.

Figure 2-10-1 Code List

- Add: Users click Add to switch to the add page, user input code and descriptions. Click OK to store
the code, the software will update the Code List.

50
 Figure 2-10-2 Add Code

- Edit: Long press the specific code, click Edit to switch to the edit page, click OK to store the code.,
and the software will switch to Code List to update the list (NB no support for batch editing).
- Delete: Long press the specific code, click Delete to delete the selected code (batch editing
supported).

Figure 2-10-3 Select Code Figure 2-10-4 Edit Code Figure 2-10-5 Delete Code

51
2.11 Software Settings

Figure 2-11-1 Software Settings (1) Figure 2-11-2 Software Settings (2)

- Auto Connect Device: Once opened, it will auto prompt whether to connect to the previous device
automatically when in the connecting, station setting and survey interface.
- Check Correction Transmitting: Once opened, it will check correction sending status in the Base
model and check correction receiving status in the Rover model, and will show it in a floating window. :
close check correction transmitting. : no sending correction message. : sending a correction
message. When in the data collector internet mode, there is a correction detection function, so there is
no Check Correction Transmitting option.
- Check Network Status: Once opened, it can detect the network status of the receiver. In the built-in
network mode, open the software Settings → Check Network Status switch and open the floating
window to view the current network signal strength directly.
- Check Base Position: Once opened, when the rover is first getting the correction, if the Base position
is different from before, it will prompt whether to calculate a point. During operation, if a base station
change is detected, it will prompt the user base station location to change, and the user can judge the
problem according to the actual situation.
- Keep Screen Light On: The shutdown status indicates that the power-saving mode is selected, and
the screen is not in light status.
- Soft Input: You can use soft input (screen input method) if opened. if closed, only via the keyboard.
- Floating Window: The floating window is set to display in the non-survey interface. The fixed position
of the floating window in the survey interface shows no shrinkage. when in all the interfaces except
survey interface, you can hold the floating window and drag it to any position in the screen, after 5
seconds, it automatically shrinks

52
 Figure 2-11-3 Floating Window 2-11-4 Floating Window Display

Public satellites-Visible satellites Solution state

PDOP Differential Age

Figure 2-11-5 Floating Window

- Public satellites: There is no public satellite in the Base station, only whenever the station receives
the correction data. Public satellites refer to the calculated used satellites, when the base and rover
station participate in whole cycles and search at the same time, generally, it needs more than 5 to
work properly.
- Visible satellites: The number of satellites received by the receiver, and 5 at least in RTK works.
- PDOP: The spatial geometrical intensity factor of satellite distribution. the better the satellite
distribution, the smaller the PDOP value. Generally, less than 3 is the ideal state.
- Solution state: mainly includes the following modes (except for the fixed coordinates, the precision
ranges from high to low): the known points refer to the fixed (base station) → Fix Pos → RTK Fix
→ Float → DGPS → SDGPS → Auto →None (no GNSS Data).
- Differential Age: It refers to the time when a rover station receives a base station signal for a solution.
Description of working mode mark of the Floating Window:
Base Station (close Check Correction Transmitting)
Rover Station (no sending correction) Rover Station (sending correction)
Base Station (no sending correction)
Base Station (sending correction) Built-in GPS Demo Mode
No Connection Unknown Device Static Mode
Description of Floating Window data link:
Built-in network : External network (3G) Built-in radio External radio

Data collector internet (sending correction) Data collector internet (no correction)
Data collector internet (non-normal correction)
When the data link is data collector internet, click on the floating window to enter the Data
Collector Internet Status interface and check the network status. Click Connect server to achieve the
53
data collector internet forwarding. if the user has connected to the receiver for the rover station
correction, click Disconnect server to stop forwarding correction.

Figure 2-11-6 Connect Figure 2-11-7 Disconnect

- Time Zone: Select the work time zone, correct the UTC time input by GNSS receiver to the local time
in the user’s area.

- Theme: Three themes, including List, Style Box and Simple.

Figure 2-11-8 Simple Figure 2-11-9 Grid view Figure 2-11-10 List

- Screen Orientation: Can be either landscape or portrait. (the function applies to QpadX5).
- Module Restore: Long-press to delete module, press return key to exit delete mode, software
settings module cannot be deleted. After deletion, module recovery can restore the deleted module to
its original location.
- User Guide: The user guide can be viewed through a third-party PDF reader.

2.11.1 Location Information

Click the Position icon on the floating window to quickly view the location details.

Figure 2-11-11 Floating Window - Location Information

54
Display the location information of the current point, including NEZ, Velocity, solution state, Local time,
and so on.

Figure 2-11-12 Location Info Figure 2-11-13 Base Station

- Reset RTK: Rover station will calculate the received correction from base station again, usually
under the condition of poor satellite status, you can calculate it many times, save the coordinates, to
rule out an incorrect solution with multipath interference.
- Enable internet connection: Check whether the network is disconnected. after connecting, it is
convenient to direct reconnect.
- Disable the internet connection: Disconnect the network after connecting.
- Clear Ephemeris: When the rover station is out of the lock, floating and unable to achieve the fixed
location, and cannot find Beidou or GLONASS, then click the Clear the ephemeris button. Reset the
main board after clearing.
- Base Station Information: Display base station coordinates, distance, horizontal distance and
azimuth.

2.11.2 Satellite Information

Click the Satellite icon on the floating window to quickly view the satellite details.

Figure 2-11-14 Floating Window-Satellite Information

1. SATView
View the projected location of the satellite, the national flags represent their satellites, and the
corresponding number below each satellite is the number of the locked satellites.
- GPS: The Prn range is 1-33
- GLONASS: The Prn range is 65-96
- SBAS: The Prn range is 120-151(EGNOS: Prm values: 120,124,126. SDCM: Prm values:
125,140,141. GAGAN: Prm values: 127,128. MSAS: Prm values: 129,137. WAAS: Prm values:
133,135,138)
- BDS: The Prn range is 161-195
- GALILEO: The Prn range is E1-E52
- QZSS: The Prn range is J191-J195
View and set GNSS satellite elevation mask, click Set to set the elevation mask.

55
 Figure 2-11-15 SATView

Set the color according to the L1 carrier signal-to-noise ratio of satellite, color: red <= 31, 31 < orange
<=41, green >41.

Figure 2-11-16 Status

2. Satellite Signal-To-Noise Ratio Map

PRN is the satellite number, Azi is the azimuth of the satellite, Ele is the elevation mask, L1 is the
signal-to-noise ratio of the L1 band, L2 is the signal-to-noise ratio of the L2 band, and Type is the
satellite type.

56
 Figure 2-11-17 SAT Info

2.12 About
Here are the related instructions for the software version and upgrade.
Open the application in the networked state, and when a new version of the software is detected, the
system will display the popup, according to the configuration information on the server. If the current
link is a non-WI-FI data link, the user will be prompted whether to download.

Figure 2-12-1 Update

Notice:
The information above is for instruction, the factual operations are based on actual
information.

57
Chapter 3
Device
This chapter contains:
- Device
- Base
- Rover
- GNSS Demo Mode
- Controller
- Additional Settings
- Console
- Static
- Range Finder

58
3.1 Device
3.1.1 Device Connection
To connect the hand-held controller to GNSS receivers set the device connection method and antenna
type (can be modified after connection), and then click Connect.

Figure 3-1-1 Device Figure 3-1-2 Bluetooth Connect

There are 2 methods of connection, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. In addition, the built-in GPS and demo
modes can be set independently with the handheld controller.

1. In Bluetooth connection mode, it’s necessary to turn on the Bluetooth function of the receiver and
handheld controller at the same time and click Connect to enter the Bluetooth connection interface.
Click Search device to search for the device that needs to be connected, choose it in the list by the
S/N and there will be a Bluetooth pairing prompt.

2. In the Wi-Fi connection mode, if there is no Wi-Fi connection to the current hand-held controller, it
will automatically enter the system Wi-Fi connection interface. Please choose the Wi-Fi that is needed,
then click Connect. If it is already connected with Wi-Fi, users can choose Cancel, Other or OK,
according to the situation.

Figure 3-1-3 Wi-Fi Figure 3-1-4 Wi-Fi Prompt

59
3. In Built-in GPS connection mode, it will display the S/N of the controller, when using the Titan hand-
held controller, otherwise, it will be blank. In working mode, receiver FW and expiration will be blank
too.

Figure 3-1-5 Built-in GPS

4. In Demo connection mode, the working mode, receiver FW and expiration will be blank too. S/N will
display as a demo mode.

Figure 3-1-6 Demo Mode Figure 3-1-7 Mode Prompt

The current receiver’s connection status will be displayed after the device is connected successfully,
including the S/N, Check Update, Working Mode, Receiver FW, Expiration, Method and Antenna.

60
 Figure 3-1-8 Device Info

-Check Update: Check and upgrade the receiver firmware and motherboard firmware. After
connecting the receiver by Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, click Check update to enter the firmware update
interface. If there is a new firmware, there will be a prompt, and users can click the Update button to
upgrade.

Figure 3-1-9 Firmware Update

- Working Mode: Display the current receiver’s operating status, generally base mode, rover mode or
static mode.
- Receiver FW: Receiver firmware version number and receiver type.
- Expiration: Deadline for registration code use.
- Antenna: Set the antenna type. Enter the antenna manage interface to choose it, according to the
model. if there is no matching antenna type, you can click Add to add the custom antenna type by
inputting the Model, Desc, Radius, L1 Phase Offset, L2 Phase Offset and SHMP Offset in the Add
Antenna interface.

61
 Figure 3-1-10 Antenna Manage Figure 3-1-11 Add Antenna

3.1.2 Register
Registering the receiver. Connect the GNSS receiver, input the receiver registration code, or scan the
receiver QR code to register. The code for the receiver is 21-digits.

Figure 3-1-12 Register

3.1.3 NFC Connection

Users can scan the NFC-enabled receiver’s NFC tag, with the NFC-enabled hand-held controller, to
connect the device.
The current receiver’s connection status will be displayed after the device is connected successfully,
including Working Mode, Receiver FW, Expiration, Method, Antenna, etc.

3.2 Base
The base settings mainly set the working parameters of the base station, including the base
coordinates, data link and other parameters.

62
3.2.1 Base Template
Users can save all the parameters, set in the base station, as a configuration file, or load the
parameters directly from the configuration file.

Figure 3-2-1 Configure Figure 3-2-2 Delete or Load

- Template: Click Template to enter the setting interface. The template information can be Load, View
and Delete.
- Save: Input the configuration name and click to save the current set parameters.
- Delete: Delete the selected configuration file.
- Load: Load parameters of the selected configuration file.
- : Generate the parameters of the current settings as a QR code.
-View: View the parameters of the template.
-Delete: Delete the template selected.

3.2.2 Set Base

Set the coordinates of the base station to the latitude and longitude coordinates in the WGS-84
coordinate system (requires the GNSS to be measurable to get the height anomalous value, because
the H of the base position is the ellipsoid height and the motherboard needs the geoidal height of the
internal model).

Figure 3-2-3 Receiver

63
When setting up the base station at an unknown point, point coordinates can be obtained by average
collection . (the more coordinates in the average collection, the higher the reliability).
When setting up the base station on a known point, users can input the coordinates directly, or select
data from the point library by clicking the Set by point.

- Name: Set the base name.

- Target H: Input the instrument height and height type of the base station.
- Correction Type: Including RTCM(3.2), RTCM(3.0), CMR and RTCM(2.x).
- Elevation Mask: Adjustable from 0 to 30 degrees.
- DataLink: DataLink settings are used to set the communication mode and parameters between the
base and rover, including the Internal UHF, Internal GSM, External Radio.

Figure 3-2-4 Datalink Figure 3-2-5 Choose the Datalink

1. In the Internal UHF mode, users can set the Channel, Power, Advance settings (for specific models),
etc.

Figure 3-2-6 Internal UHF

- Power: There are three options, including high, middle and low options.
- Advance: Click to enter the interface to get the most suitable channel (for specific models).

64
 Figure 3-2-7 Channel List Figure 3-2-8 Frequency

Click the frequency of a channel to modify the frequency of the channel, within the frequency range
specified by the channel.
- Refresh: If the result of the current search is not a suitable channel, users can change the starting
channel to continue a new round of searches.
- Reset: Click to restore the list to default state.
- Save: After modifying the frequency table, please click to complete the modification.

2. In Internal GSM mode, users can click Network to choose the network type (GPRS, GSM, CDMA).

Figure 3-2-9 Internal GSM Figure 3-2-10 Network

- APN: Different networks will have different settings.

- Server: Choose the mode. Input the IP and port manually, or click Select to enter the server list and
choose a suitable server.

65
 Figure 3-2-11 Server

When in TITAN mode, there are two kinds of group types, including City Number and Base Station SN.

Figure 3-2-12 Group Type Figure 3-2-13 City Number Figure 3-2-14 Base S/N

- By City Number: The Area ID and Group ID are 7 and 3 digits respectively. The group ID needs to be
less than 255. The base and rover need the same parameter settings to work properly.
- By Base Station SN: Input the base S/N, and set the same number in the same way with the rover.
When you use the CORS mode, please set the right IP, port, mountpoint, etc. Then click Set to save
the settings.

3. In the External Radio mode, the device can connect to the external radio to transmit data.

66
 Figure 3-2-15 External Radio

3.3 Rover
The rover settings mainly set the working parameters of the rover, including Configure, Datalink, etc.

3.3.1 Rover Template

Users can save all the parameters set in the rover as a configuration file, or load the parameters
directly from the configuration file.
In the configure interface, users can click the QR code icon to read the QR code shared by the base
station, to obtain the configuration parameters quickly.

Figure 3-3-1 QR Code

67
3.3.2 Set Rover
Rover data link settings are used to set communication types and parameters between the base and
rover, including the Internal UHF, Internal GSM, External, Data Collector Internet.

1. In the Internal UHF mode, users can set the Channel, Protocol, etc. The channel must be consistent
with the channel of the base.

2. In the Internal GSM mode, users can click Network to choose the network type (GPRS, GSM,
CDMA).

Figure 3-3-2 Internal GSM Figure 3-3-3 APN Parameters

- APN: Different networks will have different settings. It’s parameters of the receiver SIM card.
- Server: Choose the mode, including TITAN and CORS. Input the IP and port manually, or click
Select to enter the server list and choose a suitable server.
- Net Relay: Click to open the net relay option (for specific models), and set the Relay Channel,
Protocol, Power, etc. Then it can relay to other rovers while working.

Figure 3-3-4 Net Relay

When use TITAN mode, the settings need to be as same as the base settings. And when you use the
CORS mode, please set the right IP, port, mountpoint, etc. Click Set to enter the CORS Parameters
interface, and click Get Mountpoints to choose the suitable mountpoints and input the User Name and
Password to finish the settings.
68
 Figure 3-3-5 Set Rover Figure 3-3-6 CORS Parameters

- Template: Load existing CORS parameters.

- Save: Save the current CORS parameters.

3. In the External mode, the hand-held controller needs to be connected to a receiver that supports
external radio.

4. In Data Collector Internet mode, users can choose TITAN or CORS mode, and the correction data
will transmit from the software to the rover by Bluetooth. With server support, the differential format
(including the coordinate system) can be set manually (RTCM 1021: reference ellipsoid, RTCM 1023:
seven-parameters and RTCM 1025: elevation parameters).

Figure 3-3-7 RTCM Formats

The APN of the data collector internet mode are the parameters of the hand-held controller system. If
the Wi-Fi is not connected, the hand-held controller must be installed with the SIM card to do APN
settings, otherwise there will be a prompt.

69
 Figure 3-3-8 APN of the Data Collector Internet Mode

3.4 GNSS Demo Mode

The receiver can simulate measurement data in the demo mode to make it easy to learn the software.

Figure 3-4-1 Demo Mode

Choose the Direction according to demand, including Random, Input, Map and Line.

Figure 3-4-2 Direction

70
- Random: Current point direction is displayed randomly.
- Input: Specify the travel azimuth.
- Map: Specify the direction as the direction of the map. There are four options, East, South, West and
North.
- Line: Specify the line in the Stake Line or Stake Road.
- Velocity is the moving speed of the current point; it can be a specified speed or random.
- Precision is the precision limitation of the current point, it can be input or given randomly.
- Start Point can be specified with any coordinate. The coordinate can be input, or selected from the
point library or map directly.

After completing the settings, click Start to start the demo mode. If the GNSS receiver or built-in GPS
is connected, it will prompt whether to disconnect to start the demo mode. After the demo mode is
started, the interface will automatically jump to the main software interface.

3.5 Controller
In this interface, users can check the current hand-held controller type, Bluetooth support status,
network, serial port, etc. It will display the corresponding model with the TITAN hand-held controller,
and display General for others.

Figure 3-5-1 Controller

3.6 Additional Settings

The additional settings include module-info, registration info, 5-pin port data output, satellite tracking
switch, receiver settings, service info, restore system, electronic bubble calibration, network
diagnostics, etc. Different types of devices or connections support different functions.

71
 Figure 3-6-1 Additional Settings

3.6.1 Module Info

Check the radio module type and network module type. The viewing of module information only
supports some models.
- Radio Module Type: Displays the type information of the receiver radio module.
- Network Module Type: Displays the type information of the current network module.

Figure 3-6-2 Module Info

3.6.2 Registration Info

In the registration info interface, check the device registration code and expiration time.

72
 Figure 3-6-3 Registration Info

3.6.3 5-pin Port Data Output

Open the 5-pin port data output option. users can select the corresponding port’s Baudrate,
commands that need to be sent and the corresponding frequency (1Hz, 2Hz and 5Hz).
After turning on the settings, the static collection will be stopped and it will not be allowed to open. If
users try to open this option, when using the static collection or the base mode, the software will
prompt that the current mode does not support this operation.

Figure 3-6-4 Warning Figure 3-6-5 5-pin Port Data Output

3.6.4 Receiver Settings

Set the store RINEX data, firmware upgrade prompt, sound type, volume and quasi dynamic RTK.

73
 Figure 3-6-6 Receiver Settings

- Store RINEX Data: After turning on, the RINEX format data will be recorded synchronously with the
static collection.
- Firmware Upgrade Prompt: After turning on, there will be a prompt when there is upgradeable
firmware.
- Sound Type: Switch the voice announcement (None, default and user-defined).
- Volume: Adjust the volume.
- Quasi dynamic RTK: Users can do it in the Detail survey after turning on.

3.6.5 Service Info

The service info interface will display the current receiver version type and its corresponding function
rights.

Figure 3-6-7 Service Info

74
3.6.6 Restore System
Restore the firmware to its original state.

Figure 3-6-8 Restore

3.6.7 Network Diagnosis

Check the state of the network module, SIM card, network signal, network registration, dial-up and
server connection. And this function only supports some specific models.

Figure 3-6-9 Network Diagnosis

- : Normal.
- : Abnormal.
- : Not checked.

75
3.7 Console

It’s mainly used to debug data. It can save the received debugging data as files.

Figure 3-7-1 Console

- Hex: Select to display data in hexadecimal format.

- Refresh: Select to refresh the output.
- Save: Select to save the output data.
- New Line: Select to send the new line, select it when sending commands normally.
- Send: Click to send the command after entering the command.

There will be sensor values output when using the demo mode or built-in GPS mode.

Figure 3-7-2 Sensor Values

76
3.8 Static
3.8.1 Static Settings

Figure 3-8-1 Device Interface Figure 3-8-2 Static

In RTK mode, if users need to do static acquisition at the same time, please click to enter the static
settings interface to input the interval, file name, pole and elevation mask. Users can view the GDOP,
start time and recording time. Click Start to start recording.

Figure 3-8-3 Set Duration Figure 3-8-4 Static Mode

The Set Duration function can be enabled only when the Static Mode option is selected (for some
specific models). After the specified acquisition time is enabled, the current acquisition will stop and
the receiver will automatically shut down.

Notice:
The height limit (antenna height) cannot be greater than 65m. If the height exceeds
65m, the SGS display antenna will be inconsistent. The software will fail and
prompt when users input a value that exceeds 65m. The elevation mask limit must
also not exceed 30 degrees.

77
3.8.2 Static Data Management
View static files in the current receiver and do some related operations.

Figure 3-8-5 Static Data Management Figure 3-8-6 Download or Delete

- Format: Format static data, data is not recoverable.

- Refresh: Refresh the current file list interface.
- Download: Connect the receiver by Wi-Fi, it supports the FTP static files download to the local store.
Long press to choose files, and it will prompt the save path after the download is successful.
- Delete: Long press a record to delete the selected static data, allowing multiple files to be selected
and deleted.

3.9 Range Finder

3.9.1 Range Finder Connection
Select the type of the Range Finder to be connected, including the Leica Disto D8/D5/D3 and Trupulse
360B, and click Connect to connect. The Range Finder choice is not available if already connected.

Figure 3-9-1 Device Interface Figure 3-9-2 Choose the Range Finder

78
3.9.2 Range Finder Intersection
Click COGO→Intersection in the main interface to enter the intersection interface.

Figure 3-9-3 COGO Interface Figure 3-9-4 Azimuth Interface

When the Range Finder device is not connected, users can click the Bluetooth button in the 2Pt2L,
2Pt1L, 2Pt1A1L and Azimuth interface to enter the Range Finder interface to connect the Range
Finder.
After entering the Range Finder interface, click Connect to connect the Range Finder by Bluetooth and
use the Range Finder to measure the corresponding value.

Notice:
When using the software to read the Range Finder ranging value, make sure that
the Range Finder is in the initialized state and not in the waiting state.

79
Chapter 4
Survey
This chapter contains:
- Detail Survey
- Stake Points
- Stake Line
- Mapping Survey
- Menu

80
4.1 Detail Survey
Click the Detail Survey icon in the Survey interface to enter detail survey. text interface and graphical
interface can be switched via the Text / Graph button.

Figure 4-1-1 Detail Survey Figure 4-1-2 Graph Interface Figure 4-1-3 Text Interface

Navigation Zoom in Zoom out PPK collection

Zoom center Zoom All Attribute Info Select Point
Intersection Auto Survey Turn off Auto Survey Average Survey
Manual collection Expand Tools Hide Tools Culture Create

Angle of View

4.1.1 Quick code

In the Detail Survey interface, click the icon in the upper left corner to enter the Quick code page.
In the Qcode interface, you can set the point name, video, photo and target height, etc. Long press a
code (1-9) to delete or edit the code information. For the edited code, you can directly collect and save
the point with corresponding quick code (1-9) by clicking the physical button (1-9) of the controller.
Then the set quick code information will be automatically applied to the current collected point.

81
 Figure 4-1-4 Quick Code Figure 4-1-5 Edit Figure 4-1-6 Code Info

4.1.2 Map Navigation

Enter the Survey interface. the map navigation is shown when the left toolbar is hidden. It allows users
to view the current position, or search for a point position more intuitively, and the navigation tool
provides three types walk, driver and bus for route searching.

Figure 4-1-7 Navigation Figure 4-1-8 Map Navigation

Notice:

1. In the Survey interface, you can enter the map interface by clicking the icon.
2. Map navigation function doesn’t display the points collected during
measurement. the third-party map in the configuration can display the points of the
measurement.

82
After entering the Map navigation interface, the same tools as the survey interface will not repeat the
introduction. add the following functions:

: Satellite Imagery : Layer General : Route Search : Point Search

Click and tools, the loaded map can be switched between satellite image and layer general.

Figure 4-1-9 Map Figure 4-1-10 Satellite

During the survey, you can use the function point search if you search for the position of a point,
use for route search. The coordinates of the search point can be obtained by real-time collection,
point library, graphic selection and manual input, and then clicking Search. Back to the map interface,
the red icon on the map is the position of the search point. If you want to search the route to the point,
click Go Here, then it will display route mileage at the bottom of the screen. you can select three
methods walking, driving and bus. Click Details to view the detailed route of start to end points.

Figure 4-1-11 Search Figure 4-1-12 Go Here

83
 Figure 4-1-13 Route Figure 4-1-14 Details

If you know the start and endpoints, you can use the route search . After entering its interface,
select the route type, input coordinates of the start point and endpoint, and then click Search.

4.1.3 Manual Collection

In general, you reach the measurement position, decide whether to collect points according to the
survey coordinates, accuracy and solution-state displayed on the interface. General RTK Fix solution.
click for manual collection, the software checks the accuracy firstly (accuracy settings is in
Surveying Configure → Data). If accuracy is not required, the software will be prompted.

It will pop-up Save Point interface before collection completed, you can check the reliability of the point.
at the same time, the software automatically records data cumulatively according to the global point
number and the prefix of point name is the one used last use. You can directly input Target H, and
also click Pole for detailed settings of target height configuration and antenna type. Input mark
information in Ground Code, and you can also select commonly used types. then set Station in the
Save Point interface.

Figure 4-1-15 Bubble Prompt Figure 4-1-16 Point Info

84
4.1.4 PPK Collection
PPK (Post Processing Kinematic) technology was the earliest GPS dynamic differential technology. It
is also known as the stop and go. The main difference between PPK and RTK technology is that it is
not necessary to establish a real-time data transmission between the base and rover. After the
positioning observation, the positioning data is collected by the two receivers. This is then jointly
processed to calculate the coordinates of the rover at the corresponding position. The distance
between the base and rover is not strictly limited.

The PPK function can be either used alone or in combination with RTK. When using the PPK function
alone, the base station only needs to keep track of the satellites and record the static data. When used
in combination with the RTK, the base station needs to send differential data while recording static
data. TSI has the PPK switch in the setting interface of the base. When it is set to On, the base station
can record static data and transmit the differential data.

After setting up the rover, click the PPK button on the right side of the graphic interface of a Detail
survey for the PPK collection settings.

Figure 4-1-17 PPK Figure 4-1-18 PPK Record

Click Turn on record, the rover station starts to record static data. When you arrive at the
measurement position, you can click Start mark to proceed collection after inputting the corresponding
Name, Target H, GroundCode, select the average count (generally recommended more than 200
times).

Slide the screen to the left during the collection to view the coordinates of each average data. When
the setting of the average times is reached or click Finish mark, the software automatically saves the
coordinate points. Click Turn off the record and the rover will stop recording static data.

85
 Figure 4-1-19 Start Mark Figure 4-1-20 Mark Data

Each time PPK collection is performed, a PPK file is recorded correspondingly, and you can view the
file information and delete the file in the Project → PPK File.

Notice:
The data and tag information of the PPK function of the rover are recorded in the
Rinex folder of the receiver, and the Rinex file should be used for post-processing.
For related operations on PPK post-processing, please refer to the SGS V2.0.0
Software User's Guide.

4.1.5 Culture Create

Click Culture Create and select the real-time collected points to create line. After finishing Culture
Create, the software will prompt line collection in a pop-up window, which will display whether the
culture should be closed or not. If not, it will create a line. If this is ticked, it will create the surface, and
marked on the map.
A hidden bar at the bottom displays WGS-84 BLH, local NEZ and BLH coordinates, with left-right
sliding to select to display coordinate types.

1
2

Figure 4-1-21 Culture Create

86
1-Culture create switch: off, on 2-Collected culture 3-Coordinate display

Figure 4-1-22 Line Collection Figure 4-1-23 Collected Line

Figure 4-1-24 Polygon Collection Figure 4-1-25 Collected Polygon

4.1.6 Collect Input Method

In demo mode, built-in GPS or connecting device, TSI can support electronic bubble survey. It will
display the diagram of the electronic bubble position in the software interface, you can select Auto →
Bubble Is Centered to collect point according to the state of the electronic bubble. The electronic
bubble has the following states:

- Center: Bubble is within the set limits, centered well.

- Wait Center: Waiting for user to adjust the pole to center the bubble.
- Wait Survey: Waiting 2 seconds after center, enter the survey state, and collect points in this state.
- Wait Move: After the last collection point is finished, it waits for you to move the pole. after moving a
distance, it will start the next survey.
- Out of Range: In the set limits, bubble deviates from the center position.

87
 Figure 4-1-26 Bubble Center Figure 4-1-27 Audio Record Figure 4-1-28 Audio Record Prompt

When collecting coordinate points, it supports audio and photo attributes. In the Save Point or Text
interface, click to input and view audio and photo information. after point collection, the
attribute is saved in the file. It supports audio and photo file import by clicking Add File, audio file
format can be *.amr, *.wav, *.mp3 and photo formats are *.jpg, *.png, *.bmp.

Figure 4-1-29 Add Audio File Figure 4-1-30 Photograph Figure 4-1-31 Add Photo File

After returning to the parent interface, once the user has input audio or photo information, the interface
icon is changed to .

When you select code information, you can directly select the common code, or manually edit the
property.txt file (TF card/TITAN) according to the actual work situation. The edited code information
will be displayed in the list. Long press one file in the list to delete the file.

4.1.7 Automatic Collection

Click the Auto icon to enter automatic collection interface, select collection mode (including Time
Distance (change value of N or E direction), Slant Distance, Bubble Is centered), input the prefix, ID,
GroundCode, etc. Click OK, the software will enter automatic collection mode. Accuracy will be

88
checked during automatic collection (accuracy is set in Surveying Configure → Data has a detailed
description. If it meets the accuracy requirements, it will automatically collect and prompt to save
points. if it does not meet the accuracy requirements, there will be no prompts until the accuracy
meets the requirements to continue to automatically collect and save), click to finish automatic
collection.

Figure 4-1-32 Auto Collection Method Figure 4-1-33 Auto Collection by Time

When the automatic collection mode is Time, the interval(s) value can be set, and it will start automatic
collection according to the set time interval.
When the automatic collection mode is Distance, the interval(s) value can be set, and it will start
automatic collection according to the set plane interval.
When the automatic collection mode is Slant Distance, the interval(s) value can be set, and it will start
automatic collection according to the set slant interval.
When the automatic collection mode is Bubble is centered, hold it straight for automatic collection, and
take away immediately after collection, with no further human intervention. Clicking on the upper-right
corner of the interface Configure → Data → Bubble Precision to set the bubble precision.

When the data quality is not good (the solution, precision and bubble do not meet the requirements),
automatic collection stops, and a specific red font prompt will be given by the software, according to
the current unsatisfied conditions.

4.1.8 Average Collection

Average Collection is a simple way to improve measurement accuracy. according to the error theory,
the error occurs in any direction, so if there are a large number of observed quantities, accidental
errors will be offset (but it’s just theory, it doesn’t mean that the more observed quantities, the higher
the precision). In the Average Collection interface, click Start, the software will collect points, and
display the current point position at the same time. The software automatically analyzes the quality of
the data, then calculates and displays a standard deviation (root mean square error).

Average Collection supports text and graphic displays. After the average collection reaches the set
number and stops, in the Text interface, you can delete some scattered points in the average list to
improve the collection accuracy (long press average list, display Delete toolbar), and then the software

89
will automatically redo the average calculation. In the graphic display interface, click the average
collection point to display the point coordinates.

Figure 4-1-34 Average Text Interface Figure 4-1-35 Average Graph Interface

The calculated error is the same as the error of the measurement. However, because the average
process is from a small quantities collection, the estimated error may be less than the actual
measurement error.

Configuration can be done before the average collection. Click Configure in the upper right of the
Average interface to set the Average Method, Status, Ave Times and Ave Precision. Each time you
exit the software, the Status of the average collection configuration is set to the Fix solution. It cannot
be configured during the average collection. If it fails to achieve the average accuracy, as well as
configuration over-limit, it will prompt Unable to start average due to low precision. Then you need to
re-configure the average precision.

Figure 4-1-36 Configure Figure 4-1-37 Configure Parameters

4.1.9 Indirect Survey

Intersection collection is designed for places where we cannot reach or there is no GNSS signal.
Usually, only plane coordinates can be obtained by intersection, and the elevation data should be
obtained by other measurements. The principle of intersection is a simple graphical intersection
calculation. there are many intersection ways, with different required quantity, you can choose
90
according to your measurement tools (please refer to chapter 5 of this manual for specific usage:
Tools → Intersection).

Notice:
The points calculated by intersection are saved in Coordinate Data and Raw Data.

4.1.10 Attribute Querying

Click to open Attribute Querying, to enter the Attribute Querying state.

It supports query point, line and surface. Click and select point, line and face on the map to show the
attribute information, and you can delete, modify the attribute. click again to exit the attribute
querying state.

To edit the selected data, you can also click the Attribute Info → More to jump to the Edit RawData
interface. After editing, click OK to save the modified data and return to the Detail Survey interface. If
you click Cancel, it will cancel saving the edited data and return to the Detail Survey interface.

Figure 4-1-38 Attribute Figure 4-1-39 Attribute Info

91
4.2 Stake Points

Figure 4-2-1 Stake Points interface

1-Stake instructions: Southward and Eastward to 0 means it has reached the staked point. Delta H
represents the Verticals difference between the staked point and the current point.
Choose node online Select Point Nearest Stake Point Angle Of View
Average Collection Select Stake Point Single Collection AR Stake
Select Stake Point: In the Stake Point interface, click to enter the Select Stake Point interface; it
provides three ways to define a point:
(1). Manual input.
(2). Select from the Coordinate Library.
Input the point name, click the search button to search from the Coordinate Point Library, Stake
Point Library and Control Point Library, Mapping Data Point Library, Cross-section Point Library. The
searched results are displayed in the interface for user selection. and it will give a prompt if there is no
result.

Figure 4-2-2 Search from Point Lib Figure 4-2-3 Search Results

92
3. Advanced Search
Click Advanced Search to enter the search interface. You can then search according to three
conditions: Name, GroundCode and Code, and search the points in the library (the code is only for
coordinate points).

Figure 4-2-4 Advanced Search Figure 4-2-5 Advanced Search Interface

4. Select from the map (Choose node on lines and select point on the map )
Choose node on lines: Click the icon to select line, then it will jump to the Select Point From
Line interface, showing all nodes on the line. The map interface is displayed by default, and the map
selection button is turned on . you can choose the node from the map or list. After selecting the
node point, click OK in the upper right corner to perform staking points.

Figure 4-2-6 Map Interface Figure 4-2-7 List Interface

While choosing the node on lines, you can set the node through Configuration.

93
 Figure 4-2-8 Select Point Config Figure 4-2-9 Calculate Method Figure 4-2-10 Configure Result

-Central Point: The map interface will display a gravity point of the polygon named C.
-Milestone: The default is 0. After setting the milestone value in the range, the starting point milestone
in the map interface is the setting value.
-Calculate Method: It includes By Key Points and By Interval. The default is By Key Points. When the
calculation method is By Interval, the default interval value is 10, but the line range value should not
be exceeded. After the calculation mode is set, the map interface generates the corresponding feature
points and key nodes and displays them on the map and in the list.

When staking point, click , it will automatically extract the coordinates of Stake Point Library,
according to the positive sequence or reverse order to stake out. In Select Stake Point interface, tick
Save to Stake Pts Lib: corresponding points can be saved to the Stake Point Library.

-Offset stake: After the user inputs HD(horizontal distance) and Azi (azimuth), click OK, the software
calculates the offset point and uses it as the current staked point.

Figure 4-2-11 Offset Stake

-Nearest Stake Point: End-users click icon , you can set the nearest point as the current stake
point. in the process of approaching the nearest stake point, if you configure options such as voice
prompts, precision, and prompt on approaching point, etc., the software will make a prompt, according
to the distance, such as icons, voice and words.
94
4.2.1 Attribute info

In the Stake Points interface, click the Attribute Query button and select a point on the map. The
software prompts with a pop-up window, which displays the Name, Desc, NEZ and other information.
The selected point can then be used for the stakeout. If the current point is being staked out, the Stake
button only shows when the Offset Stake switch is opened. Set the HD and Azi to the stakeout. If the
current point is not being staked out, it will show the Stake button.

Figure 4-2-12 Attribute Info Figure 4-2-13 Offset Stake Settings

4.2.2 AR Stake

In the Stake Points interface, click the AR to enter the AR Stakeout page.

The indication arrow on the AR stakeout interface shows the current stakeout direction, the distance,
the height difference from the current point to the staked point, the Azimuth radar, 3D view, and 2D
view.

When it is staked out to the prompt distance, the interface automatically jumps to the Point stake (3D)
interface, providing you with a more accurate stakeout indication.

When the staked point exceeds the visible range of the stakeout, it will show a left, right, or backward
prompt in the staking interface.

95
 Figure 4-2-14 AR Stake Figure 4-2-15 AR Stake Interface Figure 4-2-16 Point Stake(3D)

4.2.3 Prompt of closing to the stake point

When the distance from current point to the staked point is less than the prompt distance you set, the
stakeout area will be reduced to the range of the set cue distance, and the software will display the
zoom button and center the staked point. The stakeout interface will now displays two concentric
circles with the center of the staked point. The larger radius indicates the prompt range that you set,
and the smaller radius indicates the precision range you set.

Figure 4-2-17 Zoom Prompt1 Figure 4-2-18 Zoom Prompt2

When you click , the map will revert to the size it was before the stakeout area was reduced, and

the button changes to .

When the distance from the current position to the staked point is greater than the prompt distance +1,
the map will revert to the size before the stakeout area is reduced, and the buttons or will disappear.

96
 Figure 4-2-19 Prompt within Distance Figure 4-2-20 Out of Prompt Distance

4.2.4 Angle of View

In the Stake Points interface, click Configure → Display → Tool Display, after adding the Angle of
View function button. You can use the Angle of View function on the Point Stakeout interface.

When you click , it changes to (in the open status): The blue pointing arrow is fixed to
the top of the screen. When you rotate the controller, the map rotates but the direction of the blue
arrow does not change. When you click , it will changes to (in the off status), but the
staked point does not change. The blue arrow changs according to the azimuth of the controller.

Figure 4-2-21 Angle of View1 Figure 4-2-22 Angle of View2 Figure 4-2-23 Angle of View3

4.3 Stake Line

The Stake Line is a simple local staking tool for the local line. There are four basic lines: Line, Arc,
Spiral curve and Circle. The line can be defined by 2 Points and Point+Azi for the 2D-line or 3D-line.
The arc can be defined by 2 Points and a unified curve metamodel with Point+Azi, and the spiral curve
can be defined by a unified curve metamodel with Point+Azi. The circle can be defined by the center
97
and radius. (Note: in order to unify the concept, we consider that the staking of one line is the stake of
a circuit for each staking point. Its position is only indexed by the mileage.)
Usually, the first step is to select the line type.

Usually the first step is to select line type.

Click to enter Stake Line Library to define line, including four types: Line, Arc, Spiral Curve, and
Circle. You can add, edit, delete, create, load, save, save as, and open data for the data of Stake Line
Library.

Figure 4-3-1 Stake Line Interface Figure 4-3-2 Stake Line Lib

Figure 4-3-3 Four Line types Figure 4-3-4 Add Circle

-Add: Add the relevant parameter information of Line, Arc, Spiral Curve, and Circle according to your
requirement.
-Edit: Edit selected existing line elements.
-Delete: Delete the selected stake line.
-Create: New *.line file.
-Load: Accumulate line metafiles, the software will select the line element in the file and then switch to
other projects and switch back. The loaded line element will be displayed in Stake Line Library.

98
Line library file (*.line) is the internal format of the software. which is generated after added, edited and
saved by software. Two-point-line file (*.2pt) is a public format, it can be edited by the user, choose to
load Two-point-line to the Stake Library in the software.
-Save as: Save current line element information.
-Open: Open the *.line file saved in /TITAN/Project/ROAD/Unnamed.
The following are the descriptions of each line type.

4.3.1 Define Line

Click Add → Line to select the line type, Line and 3D-line. Two methods can be used to define the line:
2 Points and Point + Azi. If you select the 2 Points method, there will be an option Named from the
start point-the endpoint. After ticking the option, the line will be automatically named after the start and
endpoint. The users cannot edit the line name. When you cancel this option, the software stops
automatically naming the line after the start and endpoint, without modifying the original line name.

Figure 4-3-5 Add Line Figure 4-3-6 Add 2D Line Figure 4-3-7 Add 3D Line

Click Sample Point , input the mileage of point to be staked. Among them, the Milestone and
Offset will automatically accumulate according to the Step value. You can also add, edit and import
the Station Offset File. Click OK to enter the stake interface. (for example, currently in the Sample
Point interface, after clicking OK in the upper right corner, the point with the set milestone and offset
you input will be staked. if currently in the Station Offset file interface, click OK, the point with the
mileage and offset of the Station Offset File will be staked.)

99
 3

1
2

Figure 4-3-8 Instruction of Stake Figure 4-3-9 Realtime Mileage

1- Miles of current stake point K0+0.00

2- Stake tips
3- Display real-time mileage, real-time display the distance from the current point to the line
segment

Sample Point
Calculate the position of the stake point and input mileage (if necessary, calculate the side pile), the
Up and Down icons in the interface help to quickly adjust the mileage value, unit adjustments are the
steps, the data is recorded in global variables. So, each time you enter the interface, the software
automatically calculates a mileage/offset as the default value to save time. For example, to stake a
pile every 10 meters, set the step to 10, the mileage of the starting staked point is 1850. After the end
of the first point to be staked, enter this interface again, the software will automatically calculate the
mileage as 1860, click OK and continue to work.

Figure 4-3-10 Sample Point Figure 4-3-11 Set Sample Point

1- Manually increase the Milestone, automatically increase Step each time clicking Mileage.
2- Manually increase the Offset, automatically increase Step each time clicking Offset.

-Ignore the Key Point: When ticked, the feature points will be automatically skipped during the
stakeout, and the stakeout will be performed according to the set mileage.

100
-Milestone: Mileage of current staked points.
-Offset: In the direction of increasing mileage, the distance from the current point to the vertical line of
the defined line (left is negative, and right is positive).
-Step: Each time you enter the interface, the added value of the mileage.
-Direction: Taking defined line as the reference, set the direction to the left or to the right.
-Save to Stake Pts Lib: When ticked, the staked points will be automatically saved to the Stake Point
Lib.

Station Offset
You can set the Station and Offset by manually adding or editing, or you can directly import the edited
Station Offset File (*.csv) for stakeout by directly operating Add, Edit, Delete and Clear for the
contents.
-Add: Add mileage and offset under the current Station Offset File list.
-Edit: Click to select a station offset point to modify the data.
-Delete: Click to select a station offset point to delete the data.
-Clear: Clear all content under the Station Offset File list.

Figure 4-3-12 Import Offset File Figure 4-3-13 Add Station Offset

Stake the point in the specified milestone, according to the prompt. Place the current point (triangle)
close to the target point (circle with cross).

Notice:
1. Offset is generally used on the side-pile of roads. Left or Right in Deflection
represents the left and right of the line, respectively. input distance from the center
line to the edge line, in increments of zero, to stake a specific mileage.
2. When opening the real-time mileage function, the software will project the current
position point on the line and display the mileage of the projection point, which is
helpful to determine the walking direction.
3. if currently in the Sample Point interface, after clicking OK in the upper right
corner, the point with the set milestone and offset you input will be staked. if
currently in the Station Offset file interface, click OK, the point with the mileage and
offset of the Station Offset File will be staked.

101
Select the 3D-line to define a three-dimensional line, defined in two types: 2 Points and Point + Azi +
Slope.
When the 3D-line is staked, the defined stake milestone is the 3D length, not the traditional 2D
projected length.

In order to guide the destination, the software draws a connecting line, just make sure that the current
walking direction coincides with the connecting line, the walking direction is correct. At the same time,
there are some guidelines below, for some area with strong sense of direction and clear pointing, you
can follow the instructions guide.

Notice: Blue arrow is the position and velocity direction of the current point, circular icon is the target
point, the dotted line is the line connecting the current point and the target point. As long as the
walking direction coincides with the connecting line, it is possible to ensure that the stake direction is
correct, so that the target point can be easily found. The following information box is the staking
information, indicating the difference between the walking direction and the vertical direction.

Stake instructions can be selected in two types: Front-Back, North-South. You can set in Configure →
Stake → Line Stake Guide Type.

If you turn on Real-time Mileage HT Diff, the current mileage will be displayed on the interface, and its
connection with the current point will be drawn. Draw a small dot on the line to indicate the position of
the projection. Real-time Mileage is also used to determine whether the direction of walking is correct
(compare real-time mileage with stake point mileage and increase direction).

Figure 4-3-14 Stake Configure Figure 4-3-15 Reach the prompt range Figure 4-3-16 Reach the set precision
-Green: When close to the stake point it prompts Reach the prompt range.
-Red: Stake success prompts Reach the set precision.

You can also turn on the staking voice prompt in Configure → Stake → Voice Prompts. When you
reach the preset prompt range, and reach the lofting accuracy, the controller will give you different
voice prompts.

102
4.3.2 Define Arcs and Spiral Curves
Click the Arc or Spiral Curve to define the line type; after defining the line style, the stakeout function
will be similar to Line. You only need to click the Stake Point to input the mileage of point that is to
be staked. The Milestone and Offset will automatically accumulate according to the Step. Click OK to
enter the stake interface.

Figure 4-3-17 Add Arc Figure 4-3-18 Add Spiral Curve Figure 4-3-19 Radius of Spiral Curve

If you select the 2 Points method to define Arc, there will be an option Named from the start point-the
endpoint. After ticking the option, the line will be automatically named after the start and endpoint by
the software. The user cannot edit the line name. When you cancel this option, the software stops
naming the line after the start and endpoint automatically, without modifying the original line name.

-2 Points: Input Line Name, Start and End Point coordinates, Start Station, Radius and Direction.
-Point + Azi: Input Line Name, Start Point coordinates, Start Station, Radius, Azi and Direction.

-Radius of Start: Radius of start point of Spiral curve, tick ∞ to indicate straight line.
-Radius of End: Radius of end point of Spiral curve, tick ∞ to indicate straight line.

4.3.3 Attribute info

In the Stake Line interface, click the attribute query icon , select an existing line on the map, and
the software will prompt with a pop-up window to display the Name, Length, NEZ, and other
information. If the current line is being staked out, the Stake button will not be shown; if the current line
is not now being staked out, it will show the Stake button directly.

103
 Figure 4-3-20 Current Stake Line Info Figure 4-3-21 Line Info

4.3.4 Prompt of closing to the stake point

When the distance from current point to the staked point on the line is less than the prompt distance
that you set, the stakeout area will be reduced to the range of the set cue distance, and the software
will display the zoom button and center the staked point. The stakeout interface will now display
two concentric circles with the center of the staked point. The larger radius indicates the prompt range
that you set, and the smaller radius indicates the precision range you set.

Figure 4-3-22 Zoom Prompt1 Figure 4-3-23 Zoom Prompt2

When you click , the map will revert to the size before the stakeout area is reduced, and the

button changes to .

When the distance from the current position to the staked point is greater than the prompt distance +1,
the map will revert to the size before the stakeout area is reduced, and the buttons or will disappear.

104
 Figure 4-3-24 Prompt within distance Figure 4-3-25 Out of Prompt distance

4.4 Mapping Survey

Mapping Survey is the work of measuring the plane coordinates and elevation of the control points
needed for the mapping.

Figure 4-4-1 Mapping Survey

The accuracy of the mapping data, relative to the RMS of the adjacent level control point, should not
be greater than 0.1mm on the mapping. the RMS of elevation should not be greater than 1/10 of the
basic contour distance.

Enter the Mapping Survey interface to view the mapping survey progress, click Configuration setting
parameters, the configuration page can automatically record the last input, and the name of mapping
point can be increased automatically.
-HRMS: The horizontal RMS of the current point.
-VRMS: The vertical RMS of the current point.

105
 1
7

2
3
4
8
5

6 9
Figure 4-4-2 Mapping Survey Interface Figure 4-4-3 Start Mapping Survey

10

11

12

Figure 4-4-4 Mapping Survey Configure1 Figure 4-4-5 Mapping Survey Configure2

1-Edit point’s name, or it will automatically add by default

2-Input code of map point
3-Motherboard reset interval (s)
4-Average Progress per round
5-Motherboard reset progress
6-After the parameters are set, click Start
7-Click to select target high type, input target height
8-Measurement rounds and progress
9-Stop or pause during mapping data collection
10-Select Plane Limit Type
11-When the plane limit typed is selected as the integrate, then the integrate is set here, conversely, it
is each component
12-Press to open, you need to set Σn, σe, Σz precision.
During the collection process, swipe to the right in the Mapping Survey interface to view the detailed
average data of the currently collected mapping data.

106
 Figure 4-4-6 Stake Configure Figure 4-4-7 Add Station Offset

4.4.1 Mapping Data

Project interface → Mapping Data. you can view all mapping points, and you can also create, open, or
search for data. Long press the mapping points to delete and edit.

Figure 4-4-8 Mapping Data Figure 4-4-9 Check Data Figure 4-4-10 Edit Data

4.4.2 Mapping Survey report export

Project interface → Data Transfer. click Mapping Data to export MappingPoint Report(*.html) or
MappingPoint Report 2.0(*.html). The report shows Antenna HT, Storetime, and XYZ and BLH values
the mapping point (the optimal value in 3 rounds, the optimal value of total data, and the average
value of these 4 data), DX, DY, DH of each average point, Xrms, Yrms, Hrms, Dp-max, Dh-MAX,
according to the Qualified rate(%) you can judge whether the point is available.

107
 Figure 4-4-11 Mapping Data Export Figure 4-4-12 Mapping Point Report

Notice:
MappingPoint Report is derived from the software's existing mapping survey calculation,
and the result is consistent with the mapping data library. MappingPoint Report 2.0 is based
on the averaging method and is inconsistent with the mapping data library.

4.5 Menu
Click the menu button of the controller in the Detail Survey/Stake Point/Stake Line/Store
Cross-section interface. it will pop-up a menu button for quickly jumping or data viewing between
associated interfaces.

Figure 4-5-1 Connection Interface1 Figure 4-5-2 Connection Interface2

108
Click the menu button of the controller in the Base/Rover interface, to pop-up the device icon
to quickly jump to the device connection interface.

Figure 4-5-3 Connection Interface3

109
Chapter 5
Road
This chapter contains:
- Operation Procedure
- Stake Road
- Road Design
- Store Cross-section
- Cross Section Point
- Surface
- Elevation Difference
- Surveying Configure

110
5.1 Operation Procedure
The road engineering survey contains the route reconnaissance and design survey and road
construction survey.

1. Route reconnaissance and design survey

Preliminary measurement: Control measurement. Measure the strip topographic map and profile
diagram, collect geological hydrological data along the line, do the paper location or site location and
make comparison plans to provide a basis for the preliminary design.
Decided measurement: Route center line survey on the route of the selected design. Measure the
profile diagram, cross-sectional profile, bridges and culverts, route crossing and facilities along the
route to provide information for the construction design.

2. Road construction survey

Follow the design drawings to restore the road, measure the subgrade side piles and vertical curve,
and do the project completion acceptance measurement.

5.2 Stake Road

Stake road is the key function of the TSI. The excellent working mode will make the surveying more
efficient and systematic.

Stake road and stake line are mostly the same. The definition of the road is more complicated than the
definition of the line, it will use the profile and cross-section to design the line, so the calculation is
more complicated. Relatively speaking, the difference between the stake road and stake line is only
the operation of defining the line. Point collection and staking-out operation are the same.

5.2.1 Load the road line

The operation are as follows:
1. Click to enter the Road Lib interface. You can click More → Import to load the road or .xml
file. You can also click Add to add the road manually.

Figure 5-2-1 Stake Road Figure 5-2-2 Road Lib

111
2. When you add a new road, you can import the Break Chain, Centerline, Profile, Cross-section,
Side-section or Construction design files. After each file has been imported, click Apply on the
corresponding file interface.

Figure 5-2-3 New Road Figure 5-2-4 Road Design Figure 5-2-5 Intersection

3. After successfully applying the design file, the interface will prompt that the RoadAlignment data has
been updated! Click OK to return to the Road Lib interface, which will prompt Success. To view
whether the design file has been added click Start Station, End Station and File Path for easy
verification.
4. Finally, select the road to be staked in the list, and click OK on the Stake Road interface for the
stakeout.

Figure 5-2-6 RoadAlignment Updated Figure 5-2-7 Road Information Figure 5-2-8 Road Path

Click to switch the perspective (top view or cross-section view of the road), and there will be the
Side-section for users to choose if the side-section and cross-section are enabled. If there is no
elevation for profile, cross-section elevation collection and side-section staking-out can’t be done.
Because the elevation is unknown, it’s impossible to get the height of filling and cutting.

112
In the cross-section view, the red dot indicates the corresponding position of the current position in the
cross-section. In the upper left of the interface, the current real-time mileage and the offset from the
center line are displayed. At the bottom left of the interface, the height of filling and cutting is displayed.

Figure 5-2-9 Top View Figure 5-2-10 Cross-section View

5.2.2 Confirm the location of stakeout points

Click Sample Point icon , input the mileage of point to be staked. Among them, the Milestone and
Offset will automatically accumulate according to the Step. Also, you can do the operation such as
Add, Edit and Import for Station Offset File. Click OK to enter the stakeout interface. (For example, if
you are currently in the Sample Point interface, the point with the set milestone and offset that you
input will be staked when you click OK in the upper right corner. If you are currently in the Station
Offset file interface, the point with the mileage and offset of the Station Offset File will be staked when
you click OK.)

Figure 5-2-11 Sample Point Figure 5-2-12 Station Offset

-Station: Manually increase the Milestone, automatically increase Step each time clicking Mileage.
-Offset: Manually increase the Offset, automatically increase Step each time clicking Offset.

113
-Sample Point
Each time you enter this interface, the Milestone and Offset are automatically incremented by the Step.
You only need to enter this interface to confirm the reduced data input negative value, and you can
perform the stakeout work. If you need to make an adjustment, click the icon to reduce or click
to increase it. Or you can manually input to complete the data input work.

-Station Offset
You can set the Station and Offset by manually adding or editing, or you can directly import the edited
Station Offset File (*.csv) for stakeout by directly operating Add, Edit, Delete and Clear for the
contents.

-Apply: Stake out the sample point. the Stake Road interface will display the dashed line connection
between the current point and the staked point, as well as the stakeout indication.

5.2.3 Stake out

This process is the same with the stake line operation.

5.3 Road Design

You can directly click the Road Design or Road Designer File in the Stake Road interface to enter the
Road Lib interface, and then import, add or edit the road file (*.road). Each road file includes the Road
Name, Break Chain, Centerline, Profile, Cross-section, Side-section, and Construction design file. You
can load the corresponding design files according to your needs.

Figure 5-3-1 Import Road File Figure 5-3-2 Road Design

-Break Chain: Only support Break Chain File(*.BCP) file.

-Centerline: Intersection method supports Point of intersection(*.PHI), Poling Data(*.CSV). Element
methods supports Line Element File(*.sec), HDPM(*.pm), WDPM(*.pm), LandXML(*.xml) and Poling
Data(*.CSV), Coord method supports Coord File(*.zline).
-Profile: Support PVI file(*.PVI) and LandXML(*.xml).
-Cross-section: Support Template File(*.TPL) and LandXML(*.xml).
-Side section: Only support BPI file(*.BPI).
-Construction design file: Only support Construction File(*.BCI).

114
After the corresponding design file is loaded, click More → View to enter the line preview interface.
click Apply to return to the Road Design interface and prompt that RoadAlignment data was updated!
The Profile is taken as an example for explanation below.

Figure 5-3-3 Profile Editor

-Add: Input the Station, Height and Radius manually to add the Slope point data.

Figure 5-3-4 Slope Point Data

-Load: Load the edited or saved slope point data.

-View: View the slope point data in the list. Click the icon on the right to display the detailed slope
point information. Then input the mileage in the box below, and click Check Station to view the height
value of the point which corresponds to the input mileage.

115
 Figure 5-3-5 Profile Preview

Apply: After the profile design data has been loaded and edited, click Apply to update the latest
current data. When the required design files are all completed, click OK to complete the design of the
road file.

Figure 5-3-6 Profile updated

-Save: After the profile design data has been loaded and edited, clicking Save will save the current
data as PVI file (*.PVI). The default save path is in the data/roadprofile folder under the current project
file.

In addition, in the Profile Editor interface, long press a data to do the Delete, Insert (insert a new slope
point data before the point), Edit operation.

116
 Figure 5-3-7 Profile Editor

Notice:
It’s not possible to do the next mileage collection and stakeout without the
centerline. and the slope cannot be staked out without the cross-section design
line.

5.3.1 Break Chain

Break Chain refers to when the station number is discontinuous due to local rerouting or segmentation
measurement. The overlap of the stations is called a long chain, and the discontinuity of the station is
called short-chain. Normally, the break chain will be marked directly on the Straight line, curve and
corner table.

Click Break Chain to enter the Break Chain Pile interface. You can then add the break chain pile. Long
press one date to delete and edit the pile. You can also Load, Apply and Save the Break Chain File
(*.BCP).

Figure 5-3-8 Break Chain Pile Figure 5-3-9 Add Break Chain Figure 5-3-10 Edit Break Chain

117
-Add: Click Add to add the break chain pile. Input the Name, Front Mileage and Back Mileage, then
click OK.
-Edit: Long press one data, click Edit to modify Name, Front Mileage and Back Mileage of the pile
point, then click OK.
-Delete: Long press one data, click Delete to delete the selected break chain pile. The selected data
can be deleted in batches.
-Load: Click Load to directly import an existing Break Chain File (*.BCP).
-Apply: After break chain pile has been loaded and edited, click Apply, it will return to the Road Design
interface and prompt Break Chain data was updated!
-Save: Click Save to save the current break chain file in (*.BCP) format. The default save path is:
TITAN/Project/ROAD/Unnamed/data/roadprofile.

5.3.2 Centerline
There are many methods for centerline, including Intersection, Element and Coordinate. Intersection
method is based on certain conventions (for example, a single intersection line defines the
combination of line elements in the intersection point as Spiral Curve → Arc → Spiral Curve), which
has the certain restrictions on the type of lines. Element method can combine line shapes arbitrarily,
supporting for complex curves, including oval lines, multi-intersection curves and imaginary
intersection points, etc. And it supports for polyline but (*.sec) file will lose polyline corner information.
Coordinate method is similar to the Element method, but the definition of each line element is
determined by defining coordinates of the start and end point. The line element format (*.sec) files
won’t contain the polyline corner information, so if the polyline corner information is needed, please
save the file as the Coord File (*. zline) format.

TSI supports the Intersection, Element and Coordinate methods and the default line element
combination within the intersection is the straight line → the first spiral curve → arc → the second
spiral curve.
It supports the average spiral curve, and the non-average spiral curve supports the transverse import.

Notice:
1.Two spiral curves can be asymmetrical.
2.The reverse loop needs to be treated as a non-reverse loop, such as adding an
intersection.
3.It supports the imaginary intersection point.
4.It supports the local curve, and the spiral curve length can be zero.

1. Intersection method

Figure 5-3-11 Intersection Graph

118
-Intersection JD1/JD2: The intersection of two adjacent lines.
-ZH: The point where the straight line intersects with the first spiral curve, that is, the start point of the
first spiral curve.
-HY: The point where the first spiral curve intersects with the circular curve, that is, the end point of the
first spiral curve.
-YH: The point where the circular curve intersects with the second spiral curve, that is, the start point
of the second spiral curve.
-HZ: The point where the second spiral curve intersects with the straight line, that is, the end point of
the second spiral curve.
-ZH-HY: The first spiral curve.
-YH-HZ: The second spiral curve.
-HZ-ZH: The straight line.
-HY-YH: The arc.

Click Intersection to enter the intersection table data-editing interface.

Figure 5-3-12 Intersection Figure 5-3-13 Intersection Parameters Figure 5-3-14 Virtual Point

-Add: Add intersection data, input the Name, N, E, Station(only need to input the mileage of the first
two points), Radius, L of Spiral in and L of Spiral out, according to the Straight line, curve and corner
table. If the radius and spiral length are known, input the value. if none, no need to input.
-Load: Open the existing Points of intersection (*.PHI) or Poling Data (*.CSV) file.
-View: Check whether the centerline is right.
-Compute: Input Station and Offset. it can check the coordinates. Input the coordinates, calculate the
station and offset.
-Detail: Click to enter the interface to check the detail parameters, including the Intersection Points,
Line Element and Key Pts.
-Input Limit Point: Click to input the limit point manually. Users can also select it from the point
list or do real-time collection to get the point.
-Change Line: Click to choose the point to be changed (start and end points are not selectable)
and change it by Manual input or Select from map.
-Roadline Transition Point: Click to view corresponding auxiliary points and auxiliary dashes in
the figure.

119
 Figure 5-3-15 Centerline Preview

-Apply: The intersection file is saved in (*.PHI) format. The default save path is in the data/roadprofile
folder under the current project file.
-Insert: Insert an intersection data above the selected point.
-Edit: Edit the intersection data that has been entered

When the software encounters the data of the suspected oval curve, it will automatically recognize it.
After manually changing the red marked data according to the prompt, click OK to apply the check.

Figure 5-3-16 Warning Figure 5-3-17 Modify Wrong Data in Red

When involving the virtual intersection, return curve (turning over 180 degrees), Element method can
support, in addition, Intersection method supports Virtual Point switch.
The first point of the virtual cross combination is normally entered, and after the second point is input,
open Virtual Point switch.

120
 Figure 5-3-18 Intersection Points Figure 5-3-19 Add Intersection Point Figure 5-3-20 Edit Intersection Points

2. Element method
Element alignment decomposes the combination of complex route lines into several linear units. If
there is information (coordinates, tangential direction, radius of curvature, etc.) about the starting point
of the route plane curve, the unit that extends in any direction can be set from the start point, and the
end point information of the unit can be calculated. Then the end of this unit can be used as the
starting point for the next unit.

Common lines contain the straight line, arc and spiral curve. Users can input the line manually or load
files directly, including the Line Element File (*.sec), HDPM (*.pm), WDPM (*.pm), LandXml File (*.xml)
and Poling Data (*.CSV) formats.

In the general working process, users need to input the coordinates of the starting point, Station and
Azimuth. Click Add to choose the line type and input the information.
-Line: Expressed by L, input the Length, Start Offset and Start Azimuth.
-Arc: Expressed by A, input the Start Radius, Length, Direction, Start Offset and Start Azimuth.
-Spiral Curve: Expressed by S, input the Start Radius, End Radius, Length, Direction, etc.

In the online element method, the radius of the start and endpoint should be specially treated for the
oval shape (the common palliative curve). To solve the correct radius of the start and the graph for
incomplete gentle bending:
A×A÷[A×A÷R－Ls]
It is suggested that you use Poling Data (*.CSV) for fast-import. Just add two columns of slow bending
parameters, A1 and A2, behind Poling Data (*.CSV), and click load to build the oval curve line.
Click Start to enter the element interface to edit the start point.

121
 Figure 5-3-21 Start Point Figure 5-3-22 Start Point Information Figure 5-3-23 Add Element

Click View to preview and edit the centerline, enter the mileage in the box at the bottom right corner.
-Calculate: Input mileage and offset, check the coordinates. input coordinates, you can calculate back
projection distance and offset.
-Details: It can display detailed curve elements of the line, including line segment type, feature point
coordinates, starting distance, starting position and other parameters.

Figure 5-3-24 Centerline Preview Figure 5-3-25 Element

3. Coordinate method
The coordinate method is similar to the element method, but the definition of each line element is
determined by defining coordinates of the start and end point. It can only load the Coord File (*.Zline)
format.
In the general working process, users need to input coordinates of the start and end point.
Click Start to input the station and coordinate manually
Click End to input the station and coordinate manually or select from the point list.
Click Add to choose the line type to input the line information.
-Line: Input the coordinates of the start and end point.
-Arc: Input coordinates of the start and end point, radius (∞ represents infinity, means Line), direction
(the previous direction is the reference direction of deflection).

122
 Figure 5-3-26 Add Coordinate Data Figure 5-3-27 Input Coordinate

5.3.3 Profile
The profile is an expression of the vertical movement of the road (the line fluctuates). It can be added
manually, and users also can load the file in the PVI file (*.PVI) or LandXml File (*.xml) format.

Figure 5-3-28 Profile Editor Figure 5-3-29 Slope Point Data

In the general working process, click add slope to change point data, including: Station, Height and
Radius (radius of the vertical curve). All slope change point elements of the line are added in the
sequence of mileage.
Click Add to add the slope point data, and long press the record to delete, insert or edit it. Click View
to check the profile preview, and click Check Station to input the station value to check the height of
the station.
5.3.4 Cross-section
The cross-section interface contains three options, including Standard, SuperEle and WidePlus. Users
can add, edit and delete the cross-section data. Here are two types of slope ratio inputs, percentage
or ratio.

123
1. Standard

Figure 5-3-30 Standard Figure 5-3-31 Template Editor

-Name: The name of the current plate.

-Grade: From the middle of the road, uphill is positive and downhill is negative. The slope value is the
ratio of the height difference between the two ends of the plate and the width of the plate.
-Wide: The width of the current plate.
-Curb: Click to input the height difference of the curb.
-Left-right Identity: The selection indicates that the left and right slopes are consistent, and the right
slope data will be covered with data symmetrical to the left slope (the original right slope data will be
covered and cannot be recovered).
In the general working process, click Add to define the cross-section, select slope ratio input mode,
slope ratio and width, and click display to check whether the graph is correct after editing.
-Check station: Enter station value to view the specified mileage profile
-Cross Line Info: Click to view the detail cross line information.

Figure 5-3-32 Template Preview

124
 Notice:
There is only one cross section in memory. A road has different cross-sections at
different road sections. Users can predefine several typical cross-sections
according to their needs, and then transfer the cross-sections suitable for the
terrain in different sections to stake out.

2. SuperEle
This is a way to make the road a lateral high-internal one-way cross slope in order to reduce the
centrifugal force generated by a vehicle driving on the curve road.
Select the cross-sectional block corresponding to the superEle.

Figure 5-3-33 Standard Figure 5-3-34 SuperEle

Here, the motor vehicle is set to be SuperEle as an example.

Figure 5-3-35 SuperEle Figure 5-3-36 Add SuperEle

We assume that the SuperEle change points on the drawing are read as follows:
SuperEle change point 1: Milestone 20 Grade -1.5%
SuperEle change point 2: Milestone 30 Grade 2%
SuperEle change point 3: Milestone 40 Grade 2%
SuperEle change point 4: Milestone 50 Grade -1.5%

125
 Figure 5-3-37 Edit SuperEle Figure 5-3-38 View SuperEle

Click View to check it after adding SuperEle points.

Enter the Milestone in the lower right box and click Check Station to view the cross-section in the
corresponding milestone.

Figure 5-3-39 Template Preview Figure 5-3-40 Check Station

3. WidePlus
In order to change the road surface from the normal width to a curve, a widened width is set, so a
transition zone of curve widening needs to be set. In the transition zone of curve widening, the road
surface gradually varies in width. There are different setting methods of different road properties and
levels.
In the WidePlus interface, users can input the widening change point information, according to the
design drawings.

We assume that the WidePlus change points on the drawing are read as follows:

126
 Figure 5-3-41 WidePlus Figure 5-3-42 Add WidePlus

WidePlus change point 1: Milestone 20 Wide 4.5

WidePlus change point 2: Milestone 30 Wide 5.2
WidePlus change point 3: Milestone 40 Wide 6
WidePlus change point 4: Milestone 50 Wide 5.2
WidePlus change point 5: Milestone 60 Wide 4.5

Figure 5-3-43 Edit WidePlus Figure 5-3-44 View WidePlus

Click View to check the template preview, and input the station value to check it.
Enter the mileage in the lower right box and click Check Station to view the cross-section in
corresponding mileage.

127
 Figure 5-3-45 Template Preview Figure 5-3-46 Check Station

Notice:
Users can switch Standard, SuperEle and WidePlus interfaces to view road data,
and click Apply on any of the three interfaces to apply the current cross-section
(Standard + SuperEle + WidePlus) to the road after confirmation. Users can also
click More → Save to save it as the Template File (*.TPL) for subsequent loading
and reuse.

5.3.5 Side-section
In the Side-section interface, users can add, load, apply, and save the side-section.

-Add: Click to choose and add the Fill or Cut. Input the side-section name, and edit the side-section
features.

Figure 5-3-47 Side-section Figure 5-3-48 Add Side-section

-Load: Click to load the BPI File (*.BPI), and the side-section list will show all the section information in
the current file.

128
 Figure 5-3-49 Load BPI File

-Apply: Click to apply the slope in the current side-section list to the current project road, and it will
prompt Use data successfully.
-Save: Click to save the file in the BPI File (*.BPI) format. And the saved *.BPI file can be loaded
successfully.
-Delete or Edit: Long press the record to delete or edit the side-section information. Click Delete to
delete the selected side-section data. Click Edit to do the operation Add, Edit, View and Delete for the
information such as Factor name, Start deltaH and so on. In the interface, click Add on the bottom,
Hillslope, Platform and Ditch will be displayed.

Figure 5-3-50 Side-section Figure 5-3-51 Cut Figure 5-3-52 Side Preview

5.3.6 Construction design

Click Construction design to enter the editing interface. TSI supports four types of Cover culverts,
Circular culverts, Passageway and Footbridge, and supports two methods: Slanting and Straight.

129
 Figure 5-3-53 Construction Editor Figure 5-3-54 Construct Info Figure 5-3-55 Preview Construct

-Add: Click Add to select the construction type and construction practice on the Construct Info
interface, input the Station, Angle, Front width, Back width, Left length, Right length, Center height and
Slope, click OK.
-View: Click View to enter the construction preview interface, you can view the designed construction
graphic. Click selection bar below to switch the multiple construction graphic display.
-Apply: Click Apply to refresh the data.
-More: Click More to load the construction design file or save the designed construction.

5.4 Store Cross-section

Figure 5-4-1 Store Cross-section

Click Road Designer File to load existing files, then input the mileage, it will automatically
calculate the cross-sectional position at that mileage, and display a dashed line as a reference line on
the graph. When approaching this reference line, the software will calculate the distance between the
current position and the reference line. If the distance is less than the setting value of the cross-
sectional tolerance (the value can be set in Configure → Data → Cross-section Precision), users can
do the cross-section point collection.

130
-Define: Click to define a specified mileage of the cross-section and input other settings. It will
automatically calculate the cross-sectional position, at that distance, and display a dashed line as a
reference line on the graph.

-Store: Click to collect points and input the cross-section information. If the Center Point is
selected, the point will be used as the reference point of the cross-section. The cross-section point
library will store the horizontal elevation of other points on the cross-section relative to the center point
(each section must define a section mileage and collect the center point, otherwise the section points
collected in this section will be invalid, or users need to add the center point manually afterwards).
-Road Designer File: Click to load existing files

-Switch View: Click to switch to the cross-sectional view and check it.

-Intersection: Click to jump to intersection survey interface, please refer to Tool Chapter.

Figure 5-4-2 Cross-section Info Figure 5-4-3 Define Figure 5-4-4 Road Lib

Figure 5-4-5 Top View Figure 5-4-6 Cross-section View

131
 Notice:
The mileage prompt and feature point judgment function make it easy for you to
check whether the current section has been collected to prevent missed
measurement when collected the current mileage section and entering the next
mileage collection.

5.5 Cross-section Points

Cross-section data can be edited and managed in the Cross-section Points interface.

Figure 5-5-1 Cross-section Points Figure 5-5-2 Output Directory Figure 5-5-3 Format

-Center Point: Click to add the center point.

-Open: Open other point files in the project.
-Export: Export files to other data formats, including HDMX (*.DMX), CRECG (*.txt), HDM (*.hdm),
WDMX (*.dmx ), BGHN (*.bghn), HDMG (*.DMG), South CASS7.0 (*.dat), South CASS7.0 (*.hdm),
Defined (*.txt) and EICAD (*.HDX).
-Load: Load and merge cross-section data in current or other projects.
-New: Create a new cross-section points file in the project.
-Work Cal: Click to enter the Earthwork Calculation interface.
In the Earthwork Calculation interface, it will load all the cross-section points by default to the
calculation list.

132
 Figure 5-5-4 Work Cal

Click the point name to choose whether to participate in the calculation.

The earthwork calculation requires at least two cross-section points and corresponding center points
within the range of start and end mileage. If the Multi-transect mode is selected, please input the
projection distance limit in the input box. The result of the calculation is the amount of earthwork
between the two cross-sections that are closest to the start and end mileage.

Figure 5-5-5 Earthwork Calculation Figure 5-5-6 Multi-transect

The earthwork calculation provides two methods, the Average Method and Pyramid Method.

The average method is simple and practical, but accuracy is not good. When the adjacent cross-
sectional areas have a large difference, the pyramid method is more accurate.

5.6 Surface
This function is to design the DTM surface. Users can manage, add, delete, edit, import and preview
the DTM surface.

133
 Figure 5-6-1 Surface

-Add: Click to add the surface. Set the surface name, point name and coordinate. The point
information can be obtained from real-time acquisition, point library or map selection. A DTM surface
should contain no less than three points.

Figure 5-6-2 Add Surface Point Figure 5-6-3 Delete Figure 5-6-4 Delete Prompt

-Delete: Delete existing surfaces. Long press the surface in the library list to delete it. When the
selected surface is being staked out, it cannot be deleted.
-Edit: Edit existing surfaces. Long press the selected surface point to delete or edit it.
-Import: Import the surface file which will be added to the list. You can import surface files across
projects. The file format supports Titan file (*. ttin), CASS file (*.sjw), and LandXml file (*.xml).
-Export: Click to export the surface file in the CASS Format (*.sjw) format saved in TITAN/OUT by
default.
-View: Select or create a new surface, and then check it in the Surface Preview.
-Check Surface Point: Calculate the elevation of the input point. If the point is not on the surface, it
can’t be calculated. If the point is on the surface, click OK, the point will be saved in the Stake Point
library and the GroundCode will be Check Surface Point.

134
 Figure 5-6-5 List Surface Figure 5-6-6 Surface Preview Figure 5-6-7 Check Surface Point

-Batch: Add points from the point library in batches, check the box in the front of the point name to
select all the points.

5.7 Elevation Difference

This function is to calculate the elevation difference between the current point and the fitted point of
the selected surface.
Click Stake Surface Lib to choose the surface to stake out, then it will display the TIN grid information
in real-time. The Fill value will be displayed on the top left, and the coordinates and detailed height will
be displayed on the bottom slide bar.

Figure 5-7-1 Choose Surface Figure 5-7-2 Elevation Difference

The upper left corner of the interface displays the Real H and Design H in real time. If the current point
is not in selected surface range, it prompts Out of design surface.

135
 Figure 5-7-3 Out of Surface Figure 5-7-4 Within Surface

At the same time, you can click the List Surface to enter the surface library interface (you can
also click the Surface module to enter the surface library interface), manually add surface or import
known surface (support file import in specific directories), quickly edit the design surface information.

Figure 5-7-5 Surface List Figure 5-7-6 Surface Point Figure 5-7-7 Edit Surface Point

5.8 Surveying Configure

The surveying configuration is a common menu that is used to configure the graphical display of the
work interface, including the road and general survey configuration of the Detail Survey, Stake Points,
Stake Line, Stake Road, Store Cross-section and Road Design.
(Common functions also include: Zoom In, Zoom Out, Zoom Center, Zoom All, Single Record,
Average Record, unified introduction in this chapter, other chapters will not be introduced).

136
 Figure 5-8-1 Surveying Configure Figure 5-8-2 Configure

5.8.1 Display
Surveying Configure → Display: set the display item of general survey to be turned on or off.
Store Cross-section interface → Configure: includes Road Survey Config and General Survey Config.
-Road Survey Config: includes Cross-section Point and Roadline Transition Point.

Figure 5-8-3 Display Configure of Cross-section

-Cross-section Point: Select whether to display the point name of the cross-section point during the
road collection.
-Roadline Transition Point: Choose whether to display line feature points in the measurement interface
during the road collection.
-General Survey Config: Coord Point, Stake Point, Control Point, Stake Line Lib, Voice Prompts,
Optimize Scale, Centered Display GPS, Keep GPS Centering, Display Name, Electronic Bubble, Real-
time Mileage, Dis to last Coord Pt, Fix Direction, Controller Dir, Display Color and Online Map.

137
 Figure 5-8-4 Display Configure1 Figure 5-8-5 Display Configure2 Figure 5-8-6 Display Configure3

-Coord Point: Choose whether to display the coordinate point name.

-Group Display: The points with the same description code can be displayed with one group. There
are many groups to display all the coordinates.
-Tool Display: The Tool Display can show or hide icons of the Detail Survey, Stake Points, Stake Line,
and Elevation Difference in the left and right toolbar. Entering the Tool Display configuration, the user
can select to display or hide the module and the location of the module.

The left side of the tool menu is an optional display, and the right side is the selected display. Click the
icon on the left side to add the tool to the selected display on the right, and you can delete or move the
selected display tool. If the resident box is checked, the tool will not be hidden by the shrink in the
corresponding interface.

Click Tool Reset to restore the default display configuration of the software and click OK to complete
the tool display configuration.

Figure 5-8-7 Tool Display

-Stake Point: Choose whether to display the stake point name.

-Control Point: Choose whether to display the control point name.
-Stake Line Lib: Choose whether to display the stake line library.

138
-Voice Prompts: Choose whether to open the voice prompts. Users can record user-defined voice
prompts in the *.wav format: the file storage path is TITAN/Sounds.

Figure 5-8-8 Voice Prompt Figure 5-8-9 Sound File

Customized file names have prescribed formats, including fixed.wav, losefix.wav, savedone.wav,
stakereminder.wav and stakedone.wav.

-Optimize Scale: Choose whether to automatically adjust the scale to the right size. When enabled, it
will automatically adjust the screen display based on the coordinate range in the coordinate data, and
the Centered Display GPS and Keep GPS Centering will be invalid.
-Centered Display GPS: When the current point is not in the screen display range, the current point
will be automatically centered.
-Keep GPS Centering: The current point is always in the middle of the screen.
-Display Name: Choose whether to display the point name.
-Display Desc: Choose whether to display the description code (name should be displayed first).
-Display Elevation: Choose whether display the elevation (name should be displayed first).
-Electronic Bubble: Choose whether to display the electronic bubble. When it’s not displayed, the
inclination won’t participate in the acquisition accuracy judgment.
-Real-time Mileage: Select whether to display the current real-time mileage value in the Stake Line
and Stake Road interface.
-Dis to last Coord Pt: Select whether to display the distance to the last point.
-Fix Direction: Average the sample over a period of time, and the calculated direction value will be
relatively stable to reduce the irregular beats in direction.
-Controller Dir: After selecting, click OK as prompted to keep the controller screen upward, and move
the controller according to the prompt to complete the calibration. Then return to the survey interface.
The direction of the current point will be the direction of the controller.
-Display Color: Select whether the map is displayed in the feature color.
-Online Map: Select Google map as the base map for survey or stake out. Make sure the network is
connected and it has updated to the latest Google service.

5.8.2 Data
The data configuration contains the Road Survey Config and General Survey Config.
-Road Survey Config: includes Cross-section Precision and Store Cross Without Centerline.
-Cross-section Precision: the default value is 0.0500m.

139
-Store Cross-section without centerline: Turn on the switch to directly capture the mid-pile and cross-
section points in the cross section without centerline file.
-General Survey Config: Required Solution, Working Area, Physical Record Button, Point Info Dialog,
Auto Start Average, Auto Store After Average, Store Average Points, Allow Same PtName, Tilt Survey,
Bubble Precision (<2.0000), HRMS Tolerance, VRMS Tolerance, Stake Tolerance, Stake Prompt in,
Mileage Tolerance, PtName Increasing by and No Fixed Prompt in(s).

Figure 5-8-10 Data Configure1 Figure 5-8-11 Data Configure2 Figure 5-8-12 Data Configure3

-Required Solution: Limit the solution type, including the Auto, SDGPS, DGPS, Float and Fix. When
the solution type is limited to the Fix, the accuracy prompt box will not pop-up if the solution is
acquired in the fixed solution state.
-Physical Record Button: Set the collection key on the physical keyboard as the Single Record or
Average Record shortcut key.
-Point Info Dialog: Choose whether to display the point information confirmed box after collection.

-Working Area: Users can draw the range of the survey area and select over range tips.

Figure 5-8-13 Working Area

-Auto Start Average: Check this option and click the average button, to enter the average collection
interface, to automatically start averaging. If this option not checked, the averaging won’t start
automatically, users need to click the start button in the average collection interface to start.

140
-Auto Store After Average: After it’s turned on, click OK to do the average collection. When the
number of averaging reaches the set number, it will automatically exit the average interface and save
points. User can also click OK to end average collection in advance.
-Store Average Points: Choose whether to save average data automatically.
-Allow Same PtName: Choose whether users can collect points with the same name.
-Tilt Survey: Tilt survey can be done after turning on, and there will be tilt correction during data
processing to get coordinates of points to be measured (only for specific models, and users can only
start the tilt correction after completing calibration steps).
-Bubble Precision (<2.0000): Set the electronic bubble acquisition accuracy. The acceptable range of
tilt distance when acquiring coordinates is recommended to be within 30 degrees.
-HRMS Tolerance: The horizontal RMSE of points, users can enter the maximum RMSE limit. When
collecting points, there will be a prompt if it exceeds the limit value.
-VRMS Tolerance: The vertical RMSE of points. Users can enter the maximum RMSE limit. When
collecting points, there will be a prompt if it exceeds the limit value.
-Stake Tolerance: The precision limitation of stakeout points. Within the limit, the software will indicate
that it has reached the accuracy range of the stakeout. If the sound prompt is enabled, an audio
prompt will be given.
-Stake Prompt in: Set the prompt range of the stakeout. When the stakeout point is within the range,
the range line will change color. If the sound prompt is enabled, an audio prompt will be given.
-Mileage Tolerance: Set the maximum error limit for real-time mileage.
-PtName Increasing by: The accumulation number value of the point name suffix. The default value is
1.
-No Fixed Prompt in (s): Voice prompt interval when the fixed solution is reached. The default value is
60s.

5.8.3 Stake
The stake configuration contains the Road Survey Config and General Survey Config.
-Road Survey Config: Includes Real-time Mileage HT Diff, Road Stake Guide Type and Construct
Height.
-General Survey Config: Includes Point Stake Guide Type, Line stake Guide Type, Stake Order,
Mileage interval stake, Show Offset on Map, Check Move Direction, Map North Direction, Repeat
Stake, StkName as PtName, Named by Station, Named by Real-time Station, Save Mileage and Save
Real-time Mileage, Previous/Next Point Floating Button.

Figure 5-8-14 Stake Configure1 Figure 5-8-15 Stake Configure2 Figure 5-8-16 Stake Configure3

141
-Real-time Mileage HT Diff: After turning on, the height difference in the information bar of the Stake
Road interface is the height difference between the current point projection on the line and the current
point (make sure there is a road profile).
-Road Stake Guide Type: Select the stake guide type, including Front-Back and North-South.
-Construct Height: Used for setting the construct height of the road, and the unit is m.
-Line selection method：Includes Polyline and Line Section, the default is Polyline.
When selecting Polyline, all the line section on the polyline will be selected when Stake Points →
Choose node on line or Stake Line → Map. when selecting Line Section, only the nearest line section
will be selected.
-Point Stake Guide Type: Select the point stake guide type, and it contains Front-Back and North-
South. In addition, when we use Front-Back, the software will open Reference Direction option, and it
contains Sun Azimuth, Base Azimuth and Custom Azimuth.
-Line Stake Guide Type: Select the stake guide type, including Front-Back and North-South.
-Stake DeltaH Type: Set height difference as DeltaH or Fill Or Cut.
-Point Stake Order: Select stakeout points with ascending or descending order.
-Projection Method: It refers to the way in which the software places the receiver position onto the line
during Stake Line or Stake Road. When the line is a retrograde curve, there may be multiple projection
points on the line, and different projection positions may result in different real-time mileage and offset
calculation results. The software set the default mileage projection method is Near Current Pt, and the
customer can change it according to actual needs.
-Real-time mileage stake: It is turned off by default, the real-time mileage point is staked out. after turn
on, it is staked at the specified mileage interval, and the previous mileage/next mileage stakeout is
supported to freely switch.

-Show Offset on Map: When turned on, the stakeout prompt will be displayed on the map during the
point stakeout process. If the Check Move Direction is turned on at the same time, and the distance
from the current point to the stakeout point is greater than the stakeout distance, the horizontal
distance from the current point to the stakeout point will be displayed. otherwise, the front-back or
south-north prompt will be displayed.

Figure 5-8-17 Offset

1-In the Front-Back mode, the left arrow indicates left, and the right arrow indicates right. In the
North-South mode, the left arrow indicates the west, and the right arrow indicates the east.

142
 2-In the Front-Back mode, the upward arrow indicates forward, and the downward arrow indicates
backward. In the North-South mode, the upward arrow indicates the north, and the downward arrow
indicates the south.
3-Heitht difference in Front-Back and North-South mode.

-Voice Prompt: When Stake Points, Stake Line, and Stake Road, it will give voice prompt according to
the direction and distance. You can set the Prompt Interval(s).
-Check Move Direction: After turning on, when the distance from the current point to the stakeout point
is not within the range of the stakeout distance, a large arrow will be displayed to indicate the
deflection angle between the moving direction and the direction from current point to the stakeout
point. If it’s approaching the stakeout point, it will be displayed in green. If it’s moving away from the
stakeout point, it will be displayed in red. If the moving direction is almost perpendicular to the
direction from current point to the stakeout point, it will be displayed in yellow.

Figure 5-8-18 Moving Direction

-Map North Direction: Select the map direction, including the Map North or Forward.
-Repeat Stake: When turned on, it supports the repeat stake. Users can choose whether to skip the
collected stakeout points automatically.
-StkName as PtName: Select whether to set the stakeout point name as the default point name.
-Named by Station: Select whether to set the station as the default point name.
-Named by Real-time Station: Select whether to set the real-time station as the default point name.
This option can’t be opened simultaneously with the Named by Station.

Notice:
When turning on the Named by Station or Named by Real-time Station option,
users need to select the Allow Same PtName option in the Configure → Data
interface.

-Save Mileage: When collecting points, the mileage will be automatically filled as the staked point
mileage.
-Save Real-time Mileage: When collecting points, the mileage will be automatically filled as the real-
time projection mileage (the Save Mileage and Save Real-time Mileage must and can only be selected
one at a time).

143
-Previous/Next Point Floating Button: When it is turned on, the Previous/Next icon will be displayed
directly on the Staking interface, which is convenient for clicking and selecting the staking point.

Figure 5-8-19 Previous/Next Point

144
Chapter 6
COGO
This chapter contains:
- Angle Conversion
- Distance Conversion
- Coordinate Conversion
- Area Calculation
- Distance and Azimuth
- Intersection Measurement
- Angle Calculation
- DTM Volume Calculation
- Calculator

145
6.1 Angle Conversion
Support Radian, Degree, DMS, Gon, Mil angle units transforming mutually. After you input a value to
any item, click Compute: another several values will be calculated.

Figure 6-1-1 Angle Conversion

6.2 Distance Conversion

Figure 6-2-1 Distance Conversion

Support km, m, cm, mile, nautical mile, yard, foot, inch distance units transforming mutually. After
inputting a value to any item, click Compute: another several values will be calculated.

6.3 Coordinate Conversion

The data includes source ellipsoid and local ellipsoid. After inputting point information, you can switch
between BLH, XYZ or NEZ. Click To Local or To Source to complete conversion between source
ellipsoid and local ellipsoid. The coordinate of point can be selected from real-time collection,
coordinate library or map.

146
 Figure 6-3-1 Coordinate Conversion Figure 6-3-2 Receiver Collection

Figure 6-3-3 Point Library Selection Figure 6-3-4 Select Point from Map

6.4 Area Calculation

Used for calculating area, circumference and some other parameters of graph. Area is indicated by
sq.m or mu and circumference is indicated by m. The coordinate of point participated in calculation
can be added manually, or real-time collected from the receiver, or selected from a coordinate library
or map.

Notice:

In the Map interface of Area, the Select Point is not the same as the Map
selection in the List interface of Area. In the former, the points on the map are
selected by clicking on the point, and the latter by the way of selecting points in the
circle and selecting the node on line.

The difference of map selection between Area and the other interface is: click to enter map
selection mode. Frame select point on the map when the icon is in the state , when frame select
multiple points, press but only one point in the box can be selected, click again to exit the

147
map selection mode. Among them, when the icon is in the status , you can select multiple points in
the box, click or again to exit the map selection mode, click OK to complete. Return to the list
to view the selected points.

Figure 6-4-1 Area Calculation Figure 6-4-2 Select Point Figure 6-4-3 Multiple Select

- Add: The points can be added to list by the way of real time collection, point library and graph
selection.
- Compute: Calculates the area, mu, and length of the current point in order, and can view graphics
and calculations in the result interface.

6.5 Distance and Azimuth

Used for calculating distance and azimuth between two points. The coordinate of A and B points can
be manually input, or read from receiver, coordinate library or map. After reading successfully, click
Compute to calculate Azimuth, Bank Angle, 2D-Distance, 3D-Distance and H-Distance.

Figure 6-5-1 Distance and Azimuth Figure 6-5-2 Result

6.6 Intersection Measurement

In the case of a point needing measurement, but observation conditions are not ideal, calculate the
needed point coordinate by measuring a nearby point. Click every icon to enter the corresponding

148
measurement mode. The software supports six measurement modes (4Pt, 2Pt2L, 2Pt1L, 2Pt2A,
2Pt1A1L, Azimuth).

Figure 6-6-1 4Pt Interface Figure 6-6-2 2Pt2L Interface

Figure 6-6-3 2Pt1L Interface Figure 6-6-4 2Pt2A Interface

Figure 6-6-5 2Pt1A1L Interface Figure 6-6-6 Azimuth Interface

149
There are two positions of P according to the theory of 2Pt2L. 2Pt2A, 2Pt1A1L. If you input the
coordinate of A first and then the coordinates of B, the position of P will be located above the AB line.
Conversely, if you input the coordinate of B first, the position of P will be located under the AB line.
In the above intersection measurement methods, select known point ID, input the coordinate of the
intersection measurement point (manual input, or read from receiver, coordinate library, map), input
other known keys (such as: L1, L2, etc.), click Compute, calculate the coordinate of unknown point P,
click Save, input name, description and so on to save into the coordinate library.
In the Intersection, when you click GPS collection, prompting precision information (accuracy setting is
performed in the Configuration) is easy for understanding of real-time accuracy.

6.7 Angle Calculation

Used for calculating the angle of the three-point line.

Figure 6-7-1 Angle Calculation Figure 6-7-2 Interior and Exterior

6.8 DTM Volume Calculation

Figure 6-8-1 COGO interface Figure 6-8-2 Volume interface

Calculate the volume, 2D perimeter, 3D perimeter, and DTM area of two DTM surfaces, or between a
DTM surface and a predetermined elevation.

150
- Select surface: Click extend icon , Select an actual surface from the List Surface.
- Input the reference elevation: Check it, the reference elevation and the surface are used for volume
calculation. Click extend icon , input the target height needed to fill/dig.
- Select the reference point: Check it, the reference point and the surface are used for volume
calculation. Click extend icon , Select a point as a reference point from the Point Library.
- Define range: Check it, calculate the volume inside boundary. conversely, without checking it, it will
calculate the volume in the public area. Click extend icon , you can select the range points on the
Define range interface, and add, edit, delete, load, and save the range points.

Figure 6-8-3 Checked Boundaries Figure 6-8-4 Define Range Figure 6-8-5 Boundary Point

- Add: Add a range point by manual input, real-time collection, point library selection or map selection,
Define Range requires at least three points.
- Edit: Select the range point you want to edit: you can edit the coordinates of the point.
- Delete: Select a range point, click Delete to delete directly, no prompt.
- Load: Load an existing boundary file (*.waa), the load path is: TITAN\ Project\ ROAD\ Project Name\
dtm folder.
- Save: Save the re-add/edit volume boundary file: the save path and file format is consistent with that
in Load. When the saved file name already exists, it cannot be saved, but check Cover to save
modified file. Also, click OK will also save re-add / edit volume boundary file.

Figure 6-8-6 Save Directory

151
After selecting different calculation methods, click Compute and view the volume calculation,
measurement surface, digging area, and fill area product information on the Results interface.

Figure 6-8-7 Two Surfaces Figure 6-8-8 Surface and Point Figure 6-8-9 Surface and Elevation

Figure 6-8-10 Result Above Figure 6-8-11 Result Below

Figure 6-8-12 Elevation Result Figure 6-8-13 Point Result

152
- Area (2D: m2): The area projected onto the horizontal plane.
- Area (3D: m2): The area projected onto the slanted reference plane.
- Perimeter (2D: m): The length of the polygon from the start point to the current measurement point in
surface (2D).
- Perimeter (3D: m): The length of the polygon from the start point to the current measurement point in
surface (3D).

6.9 Calculator
Used for simple mathematical calculations.

Figure 6-9-1 Calculator

153
Chapter 7
Slop Method2.0
This chapter contains:
- Operation

154
7 Operation
1. Connect to the receiver with Slop Method2.0 function. In Survey → Surveying Configure → Data,
enable the option of Slop Method2.0 to make it available.

Figure 7-1 Slop Method2.0

2. Then go back to Detail Survey and click this icon to do tilt survey. Then shake the device at a
constant speed and wait until the progress bar reaches 100% and finish collecting the point.

Figure 7-2 Shaking

155
3. If there is a notice “Slop Method2.0 fail”, the point won’t be saved.

Figure 7-3 Fail

156
Chapter 8
Quasi-dynamic Survey
This chapter contains:
- Function Introduction
- Operation Procedure

157
8.1 Function Introduction
Quasi Dynamic RTK Survey was invented by Satlab, a new way to survey in tough areas where there
is strong multi-path interference, signal blocking like standing beside big trees. the reliability is much
better than the normal RTK survey in those conditions. It can offer precise coordinates in 20 – 40
seconds, with better fixing rate, accuracy and reliability.

8.2 Operation Procedure

1. Activate the function.
Additional Settings → Receiver Settings → Quasi Dynamic RTK → Set.

Figure 8-2-1 Receiver Settings Figure 8-2-2 Quasi dynamic RTK

2. After the RTK correction from base receiver or CORS service had been received for more than 30
seconds, the quasi dynamic RTK survey is ready to work.

3. Go to Detail Survey interface, click button in the screen to start. If you get the feedback PPK
engine is under preparation, then please make sure the receiver is getting corrections.

Figure 8-2-3 Button(1) Figure 8-2-4 Button(2) Figure 8-2-5 Prompt

158
4. It should take 20 – 40 seconds to finish collection, during the procedure please keep the receiver as
steady as possible, rotating and shaking is not allowed.

Figure 8-2-6 Prompt

5. After the dingdong sound is tweeted, the collection is done and point is saved. In this mode, the
normal detail survey RTK point collection is still available.

159
Chapter 9
Appendix
This chapter contains:
- Technical Terms
- Troubleshooting
- File Formats

160
9.1 Technical Terms
1. Global navigation satellite system（GNSS）
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS), this is the standard generic term satellite navigation
system, it provides global coverage of geographic spatial orientation, including the US GPS, Russian
GLONASS, Chinese BDS and the European Union’s Galileo.

2. GPS time
The time measurement used by the NAVSTAR GPS system.

3. UTC
Universal Time Coordinated。Time standard for local daylight hours based on Greenwich meridian。
See GPS time.

4. Multipath
Interference (similar to the heavy shadow on a television screen). GNSS signals arrive at multiple
paths before they reach the antenna through different paths.

5. Degree of ambiguity
The number of weeks in the carrier phase pseudo space between GNSS satellite and GNSS receiver.

6. Ephemeris
Current satellite position prediction. It is transmitted in the data.

7. Epoch
Measurement interval of GNSS receiver. The value depends as below:
- For real-time measurement, it is one second.
- For post-processing measurements, it is from one second to one minute.

8. Antenna height
The height of the receiver phase center to the measurement point.

9. Reference station（base station）

In a certain period of time, and if one or several receivers, on one or a few test sites, keep tracking an
observation satellite, with the receiver in a certain range, the fixed station is called a reference station.

10. Rover
In a certain period of time, and if one or several receivers, on one or a few test sites, keep tracking an
observation satellite, and the receiver is within a certain range, the fixed station is called a reference
station。

11. Single reference station RTK measurement.

Only one base station is used, and the carrier phase difference correction parameter is measured by
the data communication technology receiving base station.

12. Network RTK (CORS/VRS)

Refers to multiple reference stations in an area, network coverage to the region composition, and
continuous tracking observation, through the sites of GPS observation network, covering the region

161
and the time period for RTK correction parameters, in the region for RTK line RTK real-time correction
way of positioning.

13. Cut-off height angle

In order to shield the effect of occluded objects (such as buildings, trees, etc.) and the multipath effect,
the value of the angle threshold is lower than that of the satellite in the field of view,
which is usually set to 10 degrees.

14. Fixed solution

This indicates that the ambiguity has been solved and the measurement has been initialized. It is the
most accurate type of solution.

15. Floating solution

Indicates that the ambiguity has been solved and the measurement has not been initialized.

16. DOP (dilution of precision)

Position Dilution of Precision (Dilution of Precision) are GNSS quality marks. It takes into account the
position of each of the satellites, relative to the other satellites in the constellation, and their geometric
position relative to the GNSS receiver. The smaller the DOP value, the higher the accuracy reliability.
Standards applied by GNSS DOP value are: - the PDOP - position (3d coordinate) - RDOP relative
(position), average time - HDOP - level (two-dimensional horizontal coordinates) - VDOP - vertical
(only height) - TDOP - time (the clock offset only).

17. Spatial position dilution of precision (PDOP)

A unit number that represents the relationship between user position error and satellite position error.
The factors reflecting the attenuation of positioning accuracy are related to the spatial geometric
distribution of the measured satellite, and the larger the spatial distribution range, the smaller the
PDOP value and the higher the positioning accuracy. conversely, the larger the PDOP value, the
lower the positioning accuracy.

18. PDOP limit

The highest PDOP value for the receiver’s computed position.

19. PPM
The measurement of the slanting distance of one millionth is corrected for the impact of the earth’s
atmosphere. PPM is determined by the observed pressure and temperature as well as the specific
instrument constants.

20. The RMS

The Root Mean Square is used to indicate the measurement accuracy of the point. It is the error circle
radius at about 70% of the fixed point.

21.SNR
（Signal-to-Noise Ratio）。It is a measure of the strength of satellite signals. SNR ranges from 0 (no
signal) to 99, of which 99 is the best, and 0 means the satellite is not available. The typical good value
is 40. Normally, when SNR is above 25, GNSS systems begin to use satellites.

22. Weighted index

162
The weighted index is used in the neighborhood adjustment calculation. The calculated distance from
each new point to the control point, in the station establishment, will be weighted according to the
weighted index when the coordinate adjustment applied to the new point is calculated.

23. Pile distance/station distance.

The distance or interval along a line, arc, or path.

24. Projection
Projection is used to produce a plane map that represents the surface of the earth, or that part of the
surface.

25. The ellipsoid

The earth’s mathematical model of the rotation of an ellipse around a short axis.

26. Geodetic datum

A mathematical model designed to fit some or all of the geoid surface (physical earth surface).

27. Earth level

It’s very close to the universal gravitation of the sea’s surface.

9.2 Troubleshooting
1. Receiver keeps tracking but failed to give coordinates.
Please try the possible solutions below:
(1) Set up the receiver again in another place with much less electromagnetic wave interference (like a
power station, radar station, etc.)
(2) Set the working mode of the receiver to static, then collect static data for 3 – 5 min, then switch it
back to the original mode (base or rover)
(3) Long press function button to reset motherboard, or restart the device.

2. Base station failed to send correction signal.

Please try the possible solutions below:
(1) Replace the battery in case the battery power is too low (power LED will flash red)
(2) Abnormal LED display in base mode
a. Satellite LED flashing, means the receiver failed to track the satellites and the coordinates cannot
be provided:
The place where the base was set might be blocked by buildings or shelters and the used
satellites were less than 4. Find a better place to set up station again.
Coordinates provided by the base station are far from the actual coordinates. in this case a re-
averaging of base coordinates is required.
b. Satellite LED keeps on but signal LED does not flash: this means the base does not transmit the
correction signal. Please reset up the base.
(3) Central meridian might be set with a mistake, double check this parameter.
(4) Reset motherboard, restart the device.

3. Rover cannot receive signals even if it is very close to the external radio of the base station:
(1) If the signal LED is not flashing, please refer to problem 2 (previous problem).
(2) Transmitting LED RX/TX does not flash (flashes once every second in normal conditions)
a. Check if the cable is connected firmly.
163
 b. Check if the cable is broken, try to replace the cable.
c. Replace the power if the battery is too low.
(3) Everything is alright with the base part but the rover signal LED does not flash.
a. Make sure the radio channel and link rate are the same as the settings in base.
b. Internal radio module in rover is abnormal, try to replace it, or grade the firmware or restart the
device.
(4) Rover signal LED flashed but in the software, there is no common satellite number showing.
a. Make sure the message types between base and rover are the same.
b. Rover is severely interfered with and common satellites number is less than 4, so the number is
not showing. In this occasion please go to a site under open sky area to set the rover.

4. Short range of radio communication in external radio base mode.

These are three possible reasons:
(1) External battery power is too low to supply enough power to transmit the signal. Replace the
battery.
(2) Transmission method is not set to be external radio on base station.
(3) External radio abnormal.
a. Power is set too low.
b. Transmission antenna is not installed properly.
c. Cable is not connected firmly.
d. Antenna on rover is not installed firmly or broken.
(4) Strong interference in the base area. Try to change the channel or change the place to set up base

5. Failed to connect to internet in internal GSM mode.

How to solve:
(1) Cellular internet antenna is not installed or not installed firmly.
(2) Internet setting incorrect (check IP address, port, telecom operator, APN, CORS ID and password,
etc.)
(3) SIM card problems
a. Not installed properly, or the position is not matched to the pins, either too shallow or too deep.
b. No balance in the SIM account.
c. Band of SIM card is not matching the band in the cellular modem. Try to use another SIM card
from other telecom operator.
(4) Cellular signal is weak in the region.
(5) CORS server is not working properly. Try to use another device to test it.
(6) Reset the device.

6. Titan Server connection failed.

How to solve:
(1) Check the IP, port, Area ID, Group ID, message type is same between base and rover.
(2) Account or Group ID and Area ID occupied by other users. First come, first served.
(3) Server abnormal. Please contact CORS service center for help.

7. Rover failed to get signal from CORS.

How to solve:
(1) Signal LED flashing green, but failed to connect to server:
a. SIM card issues (no balance, SIM card slot loose, band incompatible) ；
b. CORS parameters issues (IP, port, mountpoint, account ID and password, etc.)
c. Contact the CORS service center for help if the above are checked and are ok.
164
 d. Internal cellular modem problem, try to reset or restart the device.
(2) Signal LED stays green but failed to receive correction signal.
a. Check IP, port.
b. Contact CORS service center for help if the things above are checked.
(3) Signal LED is green and flashes yellow every second, but no common satellites number shows.
a. Check if message type is correct
b. Check if the GNSS signal is severely blocked or interfered.

8. Bluetooth connection failed between controller and receiver

How to solve：
(1) Check if the working mode of receiver is static. if yes, switch it back to
base or rover mode. check if 8-pin port of receiver is occupied or not.
(2) Clear the Bluetooth search result list, search again and connect the device.
(3) Either switch off and switch on the Bluetooth function, or restart the device or controller.
(4) Update the firmware of controller, or the firmware of receiver.

9. Android controller cannot connect to PC (windows).

How to solve:
(1) Check if the driver was successfully installed or windows updated to the latest version.
(2) Check if the anti-virus software blocks the connection due to its security.
(3) Check if the “USB debug” function is activated.
(4) Check the USB cable is not broken.

10. Big coordinates difference after the Localization work (coordinate system parameters calculated).

Possible reasons:
(1) Accuracy is not good during the data sampling in control point survey.
(2) Control points are not distributed properly.
(3) Abnormal control point coordinates.

How to solve:
(1) Check the parameters result, if the scale is far from 1, then the control points might not be correctly
input.
(2) Check the distribution of the control points, they should not be so close to each other.
(3) Try to delete the points whose RMS are bigger, if there are more than 3 control points.

9.3 File Formats

9.3.1 Road file
[*. Dam]: parameter file.
[*.prj]: engineering documents.
[*.raw]: raw database file.
[maincst.cst]: cross-section point library file.
[*.mcp]: the graph root data file.
[*.bak]: the backup file will be automatically generated by the new project software if there is no
external TF card.
[ParamComputer]: apply the dot to the file.
[*.rsp]: PPK time file.
[*.ppk]: PPK post-processing file.
165
[*.txt]: custom TXT file.
[*.csv]: custom CSV file.
[*.dxf]: DXF file.
[*.shp]: SHP file.
[*.csv]: Excel file.
[*.dat]: Cass7.0, Scsg2000, and PREGEO data files.
[*.stl]: Hi-RTK record point library file.
[*.line] : line library file.
[*.sec]: line meta files.
[*.PHI]: intersection file.
[*.xy] : iron courtyard.
[*.csv]: five pile files.
[*.icd]: Elcad format.
[*.zline]: coordinate method file.
[*.pvi]: change the slope point file.
[*.tpl]: cross section design line file.

9.3.2 File format specification

1. Intersection of road plane design line [*.PHI]
PHI: Point of Horizontal Intersection.
PHI file is stored in a text format, separated by a comma, and the first line is the format description
[when the program reads it], starting from the second line, and a behavior of the internode information.
the storage format is:
Intersection number, coordinate N, coordinate E, starting range, curve radius, forward detente curve,
then detente curve
※The sample:
Intersection number, coordinate N, coordinate E, starting range, curve radius, forward detente
curve, and then detente curve.
1, 3361410.701, 524798.9388, 200000, 0, 0, 0
2, 3361729.719, 516179.2477, 207750.218, 7000, 400, 400
3, 3362156.214, 514352.2852, 209804.108, 7000, 400, 400
4, 3363142.054, 511810.6419, 212590.856, 7000, 400, 400
5, 3365587.828, 502113.9878, 222784.866, 10000, 270, 270

2. Road plane line element file. [*.Sec]

Sec: short for Section.
Sec files are stored in text format, separated by commas.
The first line is: the starting information format specification [skip] when the program is read.
The second line is: the starting point of the line, including the starting point, starting distance, and
starting point angle.
The third line is the line element format specification.
The fourth line is: the beginning line is a line element information.
Its storage format is: type, starting radius, end radius, line element length, deflection direction.
Note: *. Type: straight line, arc, detente curve
*. Radius: -1 represents infinity.
*. Deflection direction: left L. Turn right R

166
 ※The sample:
X0, Y0, S0, Azi0
3829469.058, 494798.067, 0, 1.67595677755068
[Type{L, A, S}, R1, R2{-1=infinity}, Length, Direction{L，R}]
L, -1, -1, 334.315, L
S, -1, 300, 145, R
A, 300, 300, 60, R
S, 300, 90, 60, R
A, 90, 90, 75, R

3. Road longitudinal section changes the slope point file [*.PVI]

PVI: short for Point of Vertical Intersection.
PVI files are stored in text format, separated by commas.
The first line is the format specification [skip] when the program is read.
From the second row, the row is a slope point information. its storage format is:
The slope of the slope is S, the elevation of the slope is H, the first slope is higher than i1, the second
slope is i2, and the circle radius is R.
※The sample
S, H, i1, i2, R
19653.349, 794.963, 0, 0.049, 0
20070, 815.379, 0.049, 0.007, 12000
22180, 830.155, 0.007, -0.025, 30000
23880, 787.655, -0.025, -0.014, 17000
23974.007, 786.339, -0.014, 0, 0

4. Road cross section design line document [*.tpl]

TPL: short for Template.
The TPL files are stored in text format, separated by commas.
The first line is the format specification [skip] when the program is read.
Second behaviour left design line.
Third behaviour right design line.
Its storage format is:

the left design line [distance, slope ratio]

the right design line [distance, slope ratio];
※The sample:
Left design line [distance, slope ratio]
Right design line [distance, slope ratio];
10, -0.1, 1, 0, 10, 1, 1, 0, 10, 1
10, -0.1, 1, 0, 10, 1, 1, 0, 10, 1;

The cross-section point library (*.cst) can be opened directly with notepad, and the coordinate points
of data exchange module can be exported *.csv, sample points, control points can be exported or
imported *.txt format, which facilitates data exchange with the computer.

5. Export Excel file (*.csv)

Roll call, N, E, Z, describe information
4, 20.9919, 7.8963, -0.0147, Test

167
6. Sample library import/export Txt file (*.txt)
Roll call, N, E, Z, description, set point range, whether it has been lifted (0: no, 1: yes)
1, 2542604.5095, 434458.4638, 47.5900, Lk pile 1, 10.0000, 0
22, 2542604.5062, 434458.4614, 45.4771, Street lamp, 30.0000, 1

7. Control point library import/export Txt file. (*.txt)

Roll call, N, E, Z, description, coordinate type（0:blh，1:xyh）, B, L, H
t, 2542604.2867, 434459.2702, 47.9231, control points A, 1, 22:58:52.51358, 113:21:38.93873,
47.9231
uu, 2542604.5062, 434458.4614, 45.4771, Test, 1, 22:58:52.5206, 113:21:38.91030, 45.4771

8. Cross section point library format（*.cst）

CrossSec points[Ver:1]
E, N roll call, north coordinates, east coordinates, elevation plane Z, WGS84 latitude raw
measurement data, B WGS84 longitude L raw measurement data, WGS84 raw measurement data
height H, high target, high target type, the antenna type [manufacturer:type], north coordinate RMS
values, East coordinates the RMS value, surface elevation RMS value, type, number of average,
recording time, satellite altitude Angle, visible satellite number, Shared satellite number, PDOP value
latency, offset, mileage (cross-sectional defined mileage), by collecting the real-time mileage by
inverse calculation of coordinate, defined when mileage in the section of the pile point collection N
coordinates, acquisition defined when mileage in the section of the pile point coordinates, E
acquisition defined when the tangent of the transverse section is in the center of the road.
pt0, 321.83562359172527, 75.99595486273756, -0.7214999980390115, 00:00:10.445790N,
109:30:49.422520E, 0.0, 0.6096000000000044, 0, Titan:TR7, 0.014002636, 0.011343374,
0.016180737, Single point positioning, 1, 2013-10-08 15:07:16, 0, 19, 0, 1.7887421, 1.0,
6.263659450178594E-5, 30.0, 31.30462646484375, 321.0, 75.0, 0.8726646259971647.

168
169