BIOLOGY QUESTIONS

MARKS ANSWER IS IN
EXAM
ALLOTT PAGE
MONTH CHAPTER NUMBERS & QUESTIONS
ED NUMBER
& YEAR
(NCERT TEXT
BOOK)
CHAPTER -1 REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS (1 Marks)
M-2014 1. Offspring’s of asexual reproduction are called clones.why? 1
M-2015 2. Define Parthenogenesis 1
M-2015 3. Differentiate between Menstrual cycle and Oestrous cycle 1
JU-2015 4. Define Embryogenesis 1
JU-2015 5. Mention the asexual reproductive structure in Penicillum 1
M-2017 6. What are Hermaphrodites? 1
M-2017 7. Mention the asexual reproductive structure in sponges 1
M-2017 8. Name the plant which produce flowers once in twelve years 1
M-2018 9. What are Homogametes and Heterogametes?

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
M-2014 1.What are hermaphrodites? Mention one example
JU-2014 2. Differentiate between Homogametes and Heterogametes
M-2015 3.What are hermaphrodites? Give an example
M-2015 4.Mention the units of vegetative propagation in plants
J-2015 5. Differentiate Seasonal breeders from Continuous breeders
M-2016 6. What is Parthenogenesis?Give two examples
J-2017
7. What are vegetative Propagates?Give two examples
J-2017
8.Differentiate between external fertilization and internal fertilization
M-2018 9. What are Homogametes and Heterogametes?
J-2018 10. Distinguish between Menstrual cycle and Oestrous cycle

3 MARKS QUESTIONS
M-2015 1.Name asexual reproductive structures in
i)Hydra ii) Chlamydomonas iii) Penicillium
J-2015 2. What is Heterothallic condition? Differentiate between
staminate &Pistillage flower
J-2016 3. Name vegetative propagules of the following plants
i) Agave ii) Ginger iii) Bryophyllum
M-2017 4. Name the vegetative propagules of the following plants
i) Potato ii) Ginger iii) Bryophyllum
5. Mention the vegetative propagules of the following plants
M-2018
i)Water hyacinth ii) Agave iii) Banana
6. Define asexual reproduction. Mention asexual reproductive
J-2018
structures in penicillium and sponge
 CHAPTER-2 SEXUAL REPODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS (8Marks)
1 MARK QUESTIONS
M-2015 1.Papaya plants exhibit xenogamyonly. Why?
2. What is emasculation?

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
M-2015 1. How does pollination achieved in vallisnaria and sea grasses?
JU-2015 2. Difference between Geitonogamy and Xenogamy.
3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a typical Anatropous ovule of
angiosperms
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
M-2014 1.Briefly explain the structure of pollengrain
J-2014 2. Draw a neat labelled of longitudinal section(LS) of a typical
Flower
J-2015 3.What are cleistogamous flowers?Write their significance.
M-2016 4.What is artificial hybridization? By which technique it is achieved?
J-2016 5.Explain the structure of matured pollen grain
M-2017 6.What is pollination?Mention any four features of wind pollinated
flowers.
7.Draw a neat labelled diagram of T.S of young Anther
M-2018
8.Draw a neat labelled diagram of a typical Anatropous ovule of
J-2018 Angiosperms
9. 2.a)What are false fruits?Give an example.
b) Write the characteristic features of insect pollinated flowers

5 MARKS QUESTIONS
J-2014 1..What is double fertilization? Describe fertilized embroysac with a
near labelled diagram.
M-2014 2.. Describe the out breeding devices that prevent the auto gamy
M-2015 3.Explain the transverse section of young anther with a labelled
diagram
4.Write the events of development of female gametophyte (embryosac)
July
in correct order
2015
5.Explain the structure of megasporangium(ovule)
March
6.Describe the structure of anatropus ovule with labeled diagram
2016
7.Describe the structure of Pollengrain of angiosperms
J-2016
8.Draw and describe the structure of a matured embryosac of
M-2017
angiosperms
 CHAPTER-3 HANUMAN REPRODUCTION (7 Marks)
1 MARKS QUESTIONS
March 1. What is ovulation?
2014 2. Name the cells that secrete androgens
July- 3. What is menopause?
2014 4.Name the physical and physiological connection between maternal
body and embryo (foetus).
M-2015 5.Why is oxytocin necessary for parturition?
M-2016 6. What is menarche?
7. What is colostrum?
J-2016
8. Ovulation takes place on 14" day of menstrual cycle .why?
9. Mention the function of Serotoli cells of testis.
M-2018 10. Name the hormone secreted by corpus luteum.
11.Mention the accessory ducts of male reproductive system.
12. Define Menarche
JU-2018 13. Name the hormone released by the ovary in the later phase of
pregnancy.

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
M-2015 1.List any four hormones secreted by placenta.
J-2015 2. Placenta is the structural and functional unit between foetus and
maternal body. Substantiate the statement
M-2017 3.List the hormones produced by the placenta during pregnancy
4.Mention the accessory ducts of male reproductive system.

5 MARKS QUESTIONS
M- 2016 1.Draw a labelled diagram of sectional view of human female
reproductive system.
J-2017 2. Draw a neat labelled diagram of human sperm
3.What is spermatogenesis? Explain the process of spermatogenesis.
4. Draw a neat labelled diagram of sectional view of female reproductive
system
M-2017& 5. Draw a neat labelled diagram of human male reproductive system
18 6. Draw a neat labelled diagrammatic sectional view of female
reproductive system(M-2018)
 CHAPTER -4 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (5Marks)
1 MARKS QUESTIONS
J-2018 1. a) Explain the following assisted reproductive technologies
i) IVF-ET ii) ZIFT iii) ICSI

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
M-2014 1. What is medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)? Mention the safe
period for MTP
J-2014 2. Name human male and female sterilization procedures.
M-2015 3. Mention any four sexually transmitted diseases.
J-2015 4. Mention any two natural methods of birth control.
M-2017 5. Write any two simple principles to prevent sexually transmitted
diseases
M-2018 6. What are the features of an ideal contraceptive?
J-2018 7. Name any two hormone producing IUD's

3 MARKS QUESTIONS
M-2014 1. Write three simple principles to prevent STDs 3
J-2014 2. List any three reason for population explosion
March 3. Suggest any three assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to 3
2015 overcome infertility. 3
July 4. How do the following assisted reproductive technologies assist
2015 the couple to have children?
a) In Vitro Fertilisation(IVF) b)Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer(ZIFT)
c)Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer(GIFT)
M-2017 5. What is infertility? Give reasons for infertility in humans.
M-2018 6. b) Mention the natural methods of contraception
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
March 1. What is infertility? How is infertility is treated by assisted reproductive 5
2016 technologies like GIFT and ICSI
July 1. What is contraception? Briefly explain two barrier methods and two 5
2016 surgical methods to prevent contraception
July- 1. What is infertility? Explain IVF-ET and ZIFT methods to assist infertile 5
2017 couple to have children.
 CHIAPTER-5 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION (10 MARKS )
March- 1, What is test cross? Mention its significance. 2 74
2014 2. Mention the causes and effects of Phenylketonuria (PKU) 3 90
3. Write the schematic representation of Dihybrid cross and 5 79
mention the result (Ratio)

July- 1.Mention two symptoms of Turner’s syndrome. 2 91

2014 2, What is male heterogamety? Explain sex determination in 3 86
humans 5 79,80
3, State the law of independent assortment. Write the schematic
representation of dihybrid cross.
March- 1.What are the conclusions drawn by T.H Morgan experiment in 2 83
2015 Drosophila melanogaster with respect to linkage.
2.What is aneuploidy? Write any four symptoms of Down's 3 90,91
syndrome. 5 76
3. With reference to flower colour in Snapdragon, explain
incomplete dominance
July - 1.The shape of RBC’s of sickle cell anaemia patients change to sickle 2 89
2015 like structure. Give reason.
2, Mention the possible genotypes of A and B blood group 2 77
individuals. 5 76
3,What is incomplete dominance? Explain inheritance of flower in
snapdragon
March- 1, Write the karyotype of the following syndromes,
2016 i) Down’s syndrome ii)Klinefelter’s syndrome iii)Turner's syndrome 3 91
2. Why has T H Morgan selected fruitfly for his geneticalexperiment 2 83
3 a) What are multiple alleles? Give an example. 2 78
b) Write the symptoms of Klinefelter’s syndrome. 3 91
July- 1, Write four symptoms of Down’s syndrome. 2 91
2016 2, Explain the Homozygous genotype of A,B and O Blood group. 3 77
3. Explain Incomplete dominance with reference to flower colour in 5 76
Snapdragon.
March- 1.Mention four symptoms of Down’s syndrome. 2 91
2017 2.What is Incomplete dominance? Give an example 2 76
3, Explain Mendel’s experiment to describe “inheritance of one 5 71 & 73
Gene” with reference to height of pea plants.
July - 1. What are Mendelian disorders? Give two examples 2 88
2017 2.Briefly explain sex determination in human being. 3 86
3.Explain “inheritance of two gene” in pea plants with suitable 5 78 & 79
examples.
March- 1.Distinguish between Homozygous and Heterozygous Plants. 2 72 & 73
2018 2.Describe Haplodiploid, sex determination system in Honey Bees. 3 78
3.Explain the inheritance of one gene with reference to stem height 5 71-73
of Garden Pea plant.
July- 1.What is test cross? Write its significance. 2 74
2018 2. Write a note on colour blindness. 3 88
3.Explain the law independent assortment with reference to a deed
shape and seed colour in garden pea plant. 5 80
 CHAPTER- 6 MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE (10 MARKS )
March- 1. List the salient features of Human genome Project (HGP) 5 120
2014 2. Mention the steps involved in DNA fingerprinting. 5 122
July- 1. Describe Lac Operon concept with labelled sketch. 5 116
2014 2. Summarize major events of DNA fingerprinting technique. 5 122
March- 1. t-RNA is an adapter molecule. Comment. 2 114
2015 2.RNA polymerases in eukaryotes show divisin of labour. 3 110
Substantiate. 5 106
3. Describe the process of DNA replication with the help of a
diagram.
July- 1. Lactose is termed as inducer in Lac operon. Give reason. 1 107
2015 2.Define transcription. 1 107
3.Describe Fredrick experiment to show transformation in Bacteria. 5 100
4. Describe the process of translation of mRNA 5 114
March- 1. Enumerate the salient features of Human Genome Project (HGP) 5 120
2016 2. Explain the process of translation In protein synthesis. 5 114
July- 1. Explain working of Lac-operon with diagrammatic representation 5 116,117
2016 2.List out the salient features of Double hellx model of DNA. 5 97
March- 1.What Is euchromatin? 1 100
2017 2.Why DNA replication is called semiconservative? 1 104
3.Codon AUG has dual function. Justify. 2 112
4.What are the criteria of DNA at act as a genetic material? 2 103
5.List the sailent features of Human Genome Project 5 120
July- 1.Mention the Criteria for a molecule that can act as a genetic 2 103
2017 material 3 121
2.Mention any three applications of DNA fingerprinting technique 5 112
3.Enumerate any five salient features of genetic code
March- 1.Explain the regulation of Lac operon in absence and presence of 5 116,117
2018 Lactose as an inducer
2.Oswald Avery and others have continued Giffith’s transforming 5 100,101
principle to prove DNA as genetic material-Substantiate
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 CHAPTER – 7 EVOLUTION ( 6 MARKS)
March- 1. What is gene pool? 1 136
2014 2. What are Homologous organs? Mention any two examples. 2 138
3. List the period,brain capacity and probable food of Homo erectus
stage of human evolution. 3 141
July- 1. What is adaptive radiation? 1 133
2014 2. What is a homologous structure? Give an example. 2 130
3. Draw a labelled diagram of diagrammatic representation of 3 128
Miller’s experiment.
March - 1. Give an example for adaptive radiation. 1 133
2015 2. Give the diagrammatic representation of Miller’s experiment. 5 128
July- 1. What is saltation? 1 135
2015 2. Name the six stages of human evolution in correct sequence. 3 140
March- 1. What are analogous organs? Give an example. 2 131
2016 2. State Hardy-Weinberg principle. Mention any two
factors that affect Hardy-Weinberg principle. 3 136
July- 1. Name the theory which attempts to explain ‘Origin of universe’. 1 127
2016 2. What is adaptive radiation? Give an example. 2 133
3. Differentiate between homologous and analogous organs by giving 3 130
plant example.
March- 1. Write any two factors effecting Hardy-Weinberg principle. 2 136
2017 2. What are analogous organs? Give any two examples. 3 131
July- 1. With the help of neat labelled diagram explain Stanly Miller’s 5 127
2017 experiment in support of chemical evolution.
March- 1. Define saltation. 1 135
2018 2. Mention any two examples of evolution by anthropogenic action. 2 132
3. State Hardy-Weinberg principle of genetic equilibrium.
Write any two factors affecting the equilibrium. 3 136,137
July- 1. What are analogous organs? Give an example. 2 131
2018 2. Define adaptive radiation? Give two examples. 3 133
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 CHAPTER- 8 HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE ( 7 MARKS )
March- 1. Name the causative agent of elephantiasis. 1 149
2014 2. What is an allergy? 1 153
3. Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity. 2 152
4. Briefly explain any three prevention and control measures of drug 3 162
or alcohol abuse.
July- 1. Mention the cell involved in cell mediated immunity. 1 151
2014 2. What is benign tumor? 1 157
3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of structure of an antibody. 2 151
4. List any three types of innate immunity barriers and give an 3 150
example for each.
March- 1. Name the causative organism of pneumonia. 1 147
2015 2. Name the plant from which cocaine is obtained. 1 159
3. Distinguish between Benign tumor and Malignant tumor. 2 157
4. Mention three types of innate barriers of defence with an example 3 150
each.
July- 1. What is contact inhibition? Mention the types of tumors. 3 157
2015 2. What is the diagrammatic representation of Life cycle of HIV. 5 155
March- 1. Name the enzyme by which the HIV genome replicates in the host 1 156
2016 cell. 1 147
2. Name the disease diagnosed by widal test. 2 151
3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of an antibody molecule. 3 157
4. Mention any three characterstics of cancer.
July- 1. What are interferons? 1 151
2016 2. Name the diagnostic test for AIDS. 1 156
3. Name the pathogen, vector and symptom of Malaria. 3 147
March- 1. Mention the types of carcinogens with an example for each. 3 157
2017 2. Name the diseases caused by following organisms. a) Rhinovirus
b)Epidermophyton 5 146-149
c) Salmonella typhi d) Wuchereriamalayi e) Plasmodium vivax
July: 1. Name the causative agent of elephantiasis. 1 149
2017 2. From which plant morphine is extracted? 1 159
3. List any two methods of HIV transmission. 2 156
4. a )Differentiate between active immunity and 2 152
passive immunity. b)Define allergy. 1 153
March- 1. Name the type of antibody produced during allergy. 1 153
2018 2. Write the name of toxic substance responsible for fever and chill in 1 147
Malaria 2 150
3. What is innate immunity? Mention any two types of innate 3 155
immunity barriers.
4. Sketch the diagrammatic representation of the Replication of
Retrovirus inside an animal cell.
July- 1. Name the disease caused byHaemophilusinfluenzae. 1 147
2018 2. Draw a neat labelled diagram of structure of an antibody. 2 151
3. What is biopsy test? Mention any two techniques of cancer 3 157
detection and diagnosis.
 CHAPTER- 9 STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION (8marks)
March 1. Plant cells are totipotent.Why? 1 177
2014 2. Write a note on selection and testing of superior recombinant in 2 171
plant production. 2 167
3. a) Differentiate between inbreeding and outbreeding. 3 168
b) Discuss the MOET technique of animal breeding.
July 1. What is totipotency? 1 177
2014 2. Mention any two measures to improve the quality and quantity of 2 166
milk production. 3 166
3. a)What is poultry? Mention two important components of poultry 2 168
fam management.
b) Define interspecific hybridisation? Give an example.
March 1. Write a note on a single cell protein. 2 176
2015 2. a) Write the steps involved in multiple ovulation and embryo 3 168
transfer (MOET). 2 168
b) Differentiate between out crossing and cross breeding.
July 1. a) Single cells protein can be used as ultimate source of human 2 176
2015 nutrition. Illustrate with two examples.
b) How can tissue culture can be applied to recover healthy 1 177
plants from virus infected plants?
2. a) Explain the types of outbreeding processes employed to 3 168
improve desirable qualities of animals.
b) Write any two processes dealt with to improve the yield and 2 166
quality of milk in dairy farm management.
March 1. What are somaclones? 1 177
2016 2. What is inbreeding depression? How is it controlled? 2 167
3. What id inbreeding? Mention the significance of inbreeding. 5 167
July 1. Name one microbe used in production of single cell protein. 1 176
2016 2. What is cross breeding? Name a breed developed by Bikaneri 2 168
ewes and Marino rams. 5 177
3. Give the meaning of following terms. a) Explant b) Totipotency
c) Somaclones d) Somatic hybrids e) Micropropagation

March 1. Write the meaning of following terms: a) Explant b) Totipotency c) 3 177

2017 Somaclones. 5 169
2. What is bee-keeping? Write any four points of successful bee-
keeping.
July 1. Name the new breed of sheep developed in Punjab by cross 1 168
2017 breeding technique. 2 167
2. Define apiculture. List any two importance of it. 5 177
3. What is tissue culture? Mention any four applications.
March- 1. Define ‘Totipotency’. 1 177
2018 2. Which are the important components of Poultry Farm 2 166
Management?
3. Explain the following terms. a) Inbreeding depression b) Inter 5 167-177
specific hybridization c) Biofortification d) Somaclones
July- 1. Why meristems are preferred in tissue culture? 1 177
2018 2. Mention the objectives of biofortification. 2 176
3. Describe the various steps of plant breeding programme. 5 171
 CHAPTER – 10 MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE (6 MARKS)
March 1. Mention the bacterium responsible for the large holes seen in 1 181
2014 Swiss cheese. 5 186
2. Briefly describe the role of biological control of pests and diseases.
July 1. What are bio-fertilisers? 1 188
2014 2. Explain different stages involved in sewage treatment. 5 196
March 1. Mention the use of Cyclosporin A. 1 183
2015 2. Discuss the role of fungi as bio-fertilisers. 2 188
3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a typical biogas plant. 5 186
July 1. Name the fungus that produce cyclosporine A. 1 183
2015 2. Describe the parts of biogas plant with a labelled diagram 5 186
March 1. Mention the use of stain. 1 183
2016 2. Explain the role of microbes in industrial products. 5 181
July 1. Which bioactive agent is used as an immunosuppressive agent? 1 183
2016 2. Define Biochemical Oxygen Demand. 1 184
3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of biogas plant. 2 186
4. Explain the role of microbes in House-hold products. 5 181
March 1. Name the microbe used in production of citric acid. 1 183
2017 2. Describe the biogas plant with a neat labelled diagram. 5 186
July 1. What are flocs? 1 184
2017 2. Describe the role of microbes as biofertiliser. 5 187
March- 1. Mention the role of Methanobacterium in rumen of rumen. 1 185
2018 2. Describe the role of Microbes in sewage treatment plant. 5 184
July- 1. Mention the commercial importance of Monascuspurpureus. 1 183
2018 2. a) Draw a neat labelled diagram of typical Biogas plant. 3 186
b) Mention the beneficial role of anaerobic bacteria in secondary 2 184
sewage treatment.
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 CHAPTER-11 BIOTECHNOLOGY –PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES (6 MARKS)
March 1. Define polymerase chain reaction 1 202
2014 2. Mention the different steps of process of recombinant DNA 3 201
technology 2 204
3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a stirred tank bioreactor.
July 1. What is polymerase chain reaction? 1 202
2014 2. a) Write diagrammatic representation of recombinant DNA 3 196
technology. 2 204
b) Write a note on downstream processing.
March 1. Mention the technique used to separate DNA fragments in rDNA 1 198
2015 technology. 5 199
2. Explain the features of cloning vectors.
July 1. Retrovirus are disarmed before using to deliver desirable genes 1 201
2015 into animal cells. Why?
2. Classify restriction enzymes. Mention the function of each. 2 196
3. Draw a labelled diagram of Plasmid pBR322 3 199
March 1. Name the molecular scissors used in recombinant DNA 1 195
2016 technology. 2 198
2. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a typical agrose gel 3 198
electrophoresis.
3. Explain in brief the separation and isolation of DNA fragments.
July 1. What are plasmids? 1 194
2016 2. Mention any two techniques to make host competent in rDNA 2 201
technology. 3 204
3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of simple stirred tank bioreactor.
March 1. What is micro-injection? 1 201
2017 2. What is significance of selectable marker in cloning vectors? 2 199
3. Draw a neat diagram of simple stirred tank bioreactor. 3 204
July 1. What is downstream processing? 1 204
2017 2. Define polymerase chain reaction. Name the enzyme used in it. 2 202
3. Draw a labelled diagram of pBR322 Plasmid. 3 199
March- 1. Write the methods to introduce alien DNA into Host cells. 2 201
2018 2. Draw a neat labelled diagram of plasmid pBR322 3 199
July- 1. Write restriction site of EcoRI enzyme. 1 197
2018 2. Write the methods to introduce alien DNA into Host cells. 2 199
3. Write the important use of the following in r-DNA technology
a) P C R b) Ethidium bromide c) Bioreactor 1,1,1 202,198,204
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 CHAPTER-12 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS (5 MARKS)
March 1. One of the application of biotechnology is the production of 5 208
2014 insect resistant crop plants.’ Justify the statement with
reference to BT-cotton’.
July 1. a)What is biopiracy? Explain if with reference to basmati rice. 3 214
2014 b) What are genetically modified organisms? Name to Bt toxin 2 208
producing plant.
March 1. a) Development of Bt-cotton has reduced the use of 3 208
2015 insecticides. Justify 2 211
b) Write a note on gene therapy
July 1. What is gene therapy? Name the disorder to which clinical gene 2 211
2015 therapy was given first. 3 208
2. In which ways genetically modified plants are useful.
March 1. a) What is gene therapy? Give an example. 2 211
2016 b) Write a note on biopiracy with reference to Bt-cotton. 3 214
July 1. One of the application of biotechnology is the production of insect 5 208
2016 resistant crop
plants.’ Justify the statement with reference to Bt-cotton.
March 1. a) What is biopiracy? 2 214
2017 b) How ADA deficiency was cured by gene therapy? 3 211
July 1. What is RNA interference? How does RNA interference helps to 5 208
2017 develop resistance
in tobacco plant against nematode injection?
March 1. One of the applications of biotechnology is to get pest resistant 5 208,209
- plants- Justify the
2018 statement with reference to Bt cotton
1. List the benefits of Transgenic animals. 5 212
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 CHAPTER-13 ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS (6 MARKS)
March 1. Define mortality. 1 228
2014 2. a) State “Gauss’s competitive exclusion principal’. 1 235
b)Mutulism is a method of population interaction. Explain with 4 237
examples.
July 1. Define natality. 1 228
2014 2. What is commensalism? Give example. 2 236
3. Explain any three major abiotic factors influeancing the life of 3 221
organism.
March 1. Explain brood parasitism and sexual deceit’ as an interaction of 5 236
2015 species with an example each.
July 1. What are eurythermal organisms? 1 222
2015 2. 1)Define the following terms. a) Commenslism b) Brood parasitism 3 236&237
c)Mutualism 2 238
2) Name the four basic process that fluctuate the density of
the population in a given habitat.
March 1. How do some species of frog and insects avoid being detected by 1 233
2016 the predeators. 1 225
2. a) What is adaptation? 2 226
b) Write a cause and symptom of altitude sickness. 2 226
c) What is brood parasitism? Give an example.
July 1. State Gauss’s Competitive Exclusion Principle. 1 235
2016 2. What is population growth? Explain factors responsible for 5 228
fluctuating population density.
March 1. Define mortality. 1 235
2017 2. Explain mutualism with examples. 5 228
July 1. State Allen’s rule. 1 226
2017 2. a) List the responses of living organisms to abiotic factors. 2 223
b) What is commensalism? Give an example. 2 236
c) Name the type of interaction between algae and fungi in 1 237
lichens.
March- 1. What are Eurythermal organisms? 1 222
2018 2.a) What are Ectoparasites and Endoparasites? 2 236
b) List any three parasitic adaptations in animals. 3 235
July- 1. Why mammals of colder climate have shorter ears and limbs? 1 226
2018 2. a) Write any four factors that influence population density. 2 228
b) Draw a graph showing exponential growth curve. 2 230
c) What is sexual deceit? 1 238
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 CHAPTER-14 ECOSYSTEM (6 MARKS)
March 1. a) Draw an ideal pyramid of energy and mention the units. 2 249
2014 b) What is an ecological succession. 1 250
2. a) Distinguish between primary productivity and secondary 2 243
productivity of an ecosystem.
b) Define food web. 1 246
July 1. Give an example of gaseous cycle. 1 253
2014 2. Define ecological pyramid. Describe pyramid of energy flow with 5 247
an example.
March 1. What is detritus? 1 243
2015 2. a) What is ecological succession? 1 250
b) Represent an ideal pyramid of number in a grassland ecosystem. 2 248
c) Name the two types of nutrient cycles with an example each. 2 253
July 1. Name the pioneer species in primary succession on rocks and 2 251
2015 primary succession in water.
2. Explain the important steps involved in the process of 5 243
decomposition.
March 1. What is ecological succession? Distinguish between primary 3 250
2016 succession and secondary succession.
2. With reference to ecological succession define the following 3 250&251
terms. a)Climax community b) sere(s) c) pioneer species.
July 1. What are biogeochemical cycle? Mention two types by giving an 3 253
2016 example for each. 3 249
2. Write the diagrammatic representation of pyramid of energy.
March 1. Give an example for gaseous cycle. 1 253
2017 2. a)What is ecological succession? 1 250
b) Write types of plant succession. 2 251
c) Represent pyramid of number in grassland ecosystem. 2 248
July 1. a) Mention the functional components of an ecosystem. 2 242
2017 b) What is tropic level? 1 246
2. Write the schematic representation of phosphorus cycle. 3 255
March- 1. Write a short note on ecosystem services. 3 255
2018 2. What is ecological succession? How Hydrarch succession is 3 250
different from Xerarch succession
July- 1. What are ecological pyramids? Draw an ideal pyramid of energy 3 247,248
2018 and mention its units.
2. Describe the process of primary succession on bare rocks 3 250
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 CHAPTER- 15 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION (4 MARKS)
March 1. Introduction to some alien species causes biodiversity loss. 2 265
2014 Justify the statement with an example.
2. What are scared grooves? Mention any two examples. 2 267
July 1. List out any two effects of loss of biodiversity. 2 264
2014 2. What are scared grooves? Give an example. 2 267
March 1. a) What is endemism? 1 266
2015 b) Mention ‘The Evil Quartet’ of biodiversity loss. 2 264
July 1. How does fragmentation of large habitat due to human activities 1 264
2015 lead to population decline?
2. Write two examples for loss of biodiversity due to alien species 2 265
invasions.
March 1. Define biodiversity. Write any two types of biodiversity. 2 259
2016 2. Name any four recent extinct organisms as per IUCN Red list. 2 263
July 1. ‘Alien Species invasion leads to extinction of indigenous 2 265
2016 species’ – Justify the statement by considering two animals
2 267
as examples.
2. What is Ex-situ conservation? Mention two examples.
March 1. Define endemism. 1 266
2017 2. Mention three causes for biodiversity loss. 3 264
July 1. Mention a biodiversity hotspot in India. 1 266
2017 2. a) Mention any two causes of biodiversity losses. 2 264
b) What are endemic species? 1 266
March- 1. Define endemism. Name any two regions of accelerated habitat 2 266
2018 loss in India.
2. Invasion of alien animal species eliminates the native animal 2 265
species. Give two examples.
July- 1. Which is the fish caught in South Africa in 1938, which was thought 1
2018 to be extinct? 2 265
2. Name any two species which have become extinct due to 2 267
overexploitation.
3. What are sacred grooves? Name any sacred grooves in India.
MARCH
- 2019
July-
2019
ADDITI
ONAL
QUEST
IONS
 CHAPTER- 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES (6 MARKS)
March 1. What is global warming? 1 281
2014 2. Define pollution.With reference to water pollution explain the 5 275
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Algal bloom,
Biomagnification and Eutrophication.
July 1. Comment: Compressed natural gas (CNG) is better than diesel. 3 272
2014 2. What is biomagnification? Name two well-studied toxic 3 276
substances causing this phenomenon.
March 1. What is biomagnification? 1 276
2015 2. a)What are effects of ozone depletion? 3 283
b) BOD is an index of water pollution .Comment. 2 275
July 1. Disposal of sewage into water without proper treatment may 1 276
2015 cause outbreak of serious diseases. Given reason.
2. What is eutrophication? Discuss the phenomenon of accelerated 5 276
eutrophication.
March 1. Define reforestation. 1 284
2016 2. Write a brief account of functioning of Electrostatic, with diagram. 5 271
July 1. Discuss the consequences of global warming and ozone layer 5 281&283
2016 depletion.
March 1. What is Eutrophication? 1 276
2017 2. Write a brief account of electrostatic precipitator with a neat 5 271
labelled diagram.
July 1. Name the chemical compound responsible for depletion of ozone 1 282
2017 layer. 5 280
2. What is global warming? Mention the causes and effects of global
warming.
March- 1. Define Biomagnification. 1 276
2018 2. Write a note on the following:a) Radioactive wastes 2 280
b) Joint Forest Management 3 285
July- 1. Name the unit used to measure ozone layer thickness. 1 282
2018 2. Write a short note on the following.a) Greenhouse gases b) 1,1,1 281,272,283
Catalytic converter. 1,1 282,271
c) Ultraviolet-B d) Ozone layere) Electrostatic precipitator
MARCH
- 2019
July-
2019
ADDITI
ONAL
QUEST
IONS
 CHIAPTER-5 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION (10 MARKS )
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. What is test cross? Mention its significance.
2. Mention two symptoms of Turner’s syndrome.
3.What are the conclusions drawn by T.H Morgan experiment in
Drosophila melanogaster with respect to linkage.
4.The shape of RBC’s of sickle cell anaemia patients change to sickle
like structure. Give reason.
5, Mention the possible genotypes of A and B blood group individuals.
6. Why has T H Morgan selected fruitfly for his geneticalexperiment
7 a) What are multiple alleles? Give an example.
8.Write four symptoms of Down’s syndrome.
9.Mention four symptoms of Down’s syndrome.
10.What is Incomplete dominance? Give an example
11.What are Mendelian disorders? Give two examples
12.Distinguish between Homozygous and Heterozygous Plants.
13.What is test cross? Write its significance.

3 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Mention the causes and effects of Phenylketonuria (PKU)

2. What is male heterogamety? Explain sex determination in humans
3.What is aneuploidy? Write any four symptoms of Down's syndrome.
4.Write the karyotype of the following syndromes,
i) Down’s syndrome ii)Klinefelter’s syndrome iii)Turner's syndrome
b) Write the symptoms of Klinefelter’s syndrome
5. Explain the Homozygous genotype of A,B and O Blood group.
6.Briefly explain sex determination in human being.
7.Describe Haplodiploid, sex determination system in Honey Bees.
8.Write a note on colour blindness.

5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. State the law of independent assortment. Write the schematic representation of
dihybrid cross.
2. What is incomplete dominance? Explain inheritance of flower in snapdragon
3. With reference to flower colour in Snapdragon, explain incomplete dominance
4. Explain Incomplete dominance with reference to flower colour in Snapdragon.
5. Explain Mendel’s experiment to describe “inheritance of one Gene” with reference
to height of pea plants.
6.Explain “inheritance of two gene” in pea plants with suitable examples.
7.Explain the inheritance of one gene with reference to stem height of Garden Pea
plant.
8.Explain the law independent assortment with reference to a deed shape and seed
colour in garden pea plant.
9. Write the schematic representation of Dihybrid cross and mention the result (Ratio)
 CHAPTER- 6 MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE (10 MARKS )
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Lactose is termed as inducer in Lac operon. Give reason.
2.Define transcription.
3.What Is euchromatin?
4.Why DNA replication is called semiconservative?

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.t-RNA is an adapter molecule. Comment.
2. Codon AUG has dual function. Justify.
3..What are the criteria of DNA at act as a genetic material?
4.Mention the Criteria for a molecule that can act as a genetic material

3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. RNA polymerases in eukaryotes show divisin of labour. Substantiate.
2. Mention any three applications of DNA fingerprinting technique

5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. List the salient features of Human genome Project (HGP)
2. Mention the steps involved in DNA fingerprinting.
3. Describe Lac Operon concept with labelled sketch.
4. Summarize major events of DNA fingerprinting technique.
5. Describe the process of DNA replication with the help of a diagram.
6.Describe Fredrick experiment to show transformation in Bacteria.
7. Describe the process of translation of mRNA
8. Enumerate the salient features of Human Genome Project (HGP)
9. Explain the process of translation In protein synthesis.
10. Explain working of Lac-operon with diagrammatic representation
11.List out the salient features of Double hellx model of DNA.
12.List the sailent features of Human Genome Project
13.Enumerate any five salient features of genetic code
14.Explain the regulation of Lac operon in absence and presence of
Lactose as an inducer
15.Oswald Avery and others have continued Giffith’s transforming
principle to prove DNA as genetic material-Substantiate
 CHAPTER – 7 EVOLUTION ( 6 MARKS)
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. What is gene pool?
2.What is adaptive radiation?
3. Give an example for adaptive radiation.
4.What is saltation?
5. Name the theory which attempts to explain ‘Origin of universe’.
6. Define saltation.
2 MARK QUESTIONS
July- 1.What is a homologous structure? Give an example.
2014 2. What are Homologous organs? Mention any two examples.
3. What are analogous organs? Give an example.
4. What is adaptive radiation? Give an example.
5.Write any two factors effecting Hardy-Weinberg principle.
6.Mention any two examples of evolution by anthropogenic action.
7. What are analogous organs? Give an example.

3 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Draw a labelled diagram of diagrammatic representation of
Miller’s experiment.
2. List the period,brain capacity and probable food of Homo erectus
stage of human evolution.
3. Name the six stages of human evolution in correct sequence.
4. State Hardy-Weinberg principle. Mention any two factors that affect
Hardy-Weinberg principle.
5. Differentiate between homologous and analogous organs by giving
plant example.
6. What are analogous organs? Give any two examples.
7. State Hardy-Weinberg principle of genetic equilibrium. Write any
two factors affecting the equilibrium.
8. Define adaptive radiation? Give two examples.
5 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Give the diagrammatic representation of Miller’s experiment.
2. With the help of neat labelled diagram explain Stanly Miller’s
experiment in support of chemical evolution.
 CHAPTER- 8 HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE ( 7 MARKS )
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Name the causative agent of elephantiasis.
2.What is an allergy?
3. Mention the cell involved in cell mediated immunity.
4.What is benign tumor?
5. Name the causative organism of pneumonia.
6.Name the plant from which cocaine is obtained.
7. Name the enzyme by which the HIV genome replicates in the host cell.
8.Name the disease diagnosed by widal test.
9. What are interferons?
10.Name the diagnostic test for AIDS.
11. Name the causative agent of elephantiasis.
12.From which plant morphine is extracted?
13. Name the type of antibody produced during allergy.
14.Write the name of toxic substance responsible for fever and chill in Malaria
15. Name the disease caused byHaemophilusinfluenzae.

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
July- 1. Draw a neat labelled diagram of structure of an antibody.
2014 2.Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity.
3. Distinguish between Benign tumor and Malignant tumor.
4. Draw a neat labelled diagram of an antibody molecule.
5. List any two methods of HIV transmission.
a )Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity. b)Define allergy.
6. What is innate immunity? Mention any two types of innate immunity barriers
7. Draw a neat labelled diagram of structure of an antibody.

3 MARKS QUESTIONS
March- 1. Distinguish between Benign tumor and Malignant tumor.
2015 2. Mention three types of innate barriers of defence with an example each.
3. List any three types of innate immunity barriers and give an example for each.
4.What is contact inhibition? Mention the types of tumors.
5. Mention any three characterstics of cancer.
6.Name the pathogen, vector and symptom of Malaria.
7. Mention the types of carcinogens with an example for each
8. Sketch the diagrammatic representation of the Replication of Retrovirus inside an
animal cell.
9. What is biopsy test? Mention any two techniques of cancer detection and
diagnosis.

5 MARKS QUESTIONS
July- 1.What is the diagrammatic representation of Life cycle of HIV.
2015 2.Name the diseases caused by following organisms. a) Rhinoviru b)Epidermophyton
March- c) Salmonella typhi d) Wuchereriamalayi e) Plasmodium vivax
2017
 CHAPTER- 9 STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION (8marks)
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Plant cells are totipotent.Why?
2. What is totipotency?
3.What is totipotency?
4. How can tissue culture can be applied to recover healthy plants from
virus infected plants?
5. What are somaclones?
6. Name one microbe used in production of single cell protein.
7. Name the new breed of sheep developed in Punjab by cross breeding technique.
8. Define ‘Totipotency’.
9. Why meristems are preferred in tissue culture?

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Write a note on selection and testing of superior recombinant in
plant production.
2. Differentiate between inbreeding and outbreeding.
3. Mention any two measures to improve the quality and quantity of milk production.
4.a)What is poultry? Mention two important components of poultry
farm management.
5.Write a note on a single cell protein.
6. Differentiate between out crossing and cross breeding.
7. a) Single cells protein can be used as ultimate source of human nutrition.
b) Illustrate with two examples.
b)How can tissue culture can be applied to recover healthy plants from
virus infected plants?
8. Write any two processes dealt with to improve the yield and quality of
milk in dairy farm management.
9. What is inbreeding depression? How is it controlled?
10. What is cross breeding? Name a breed developed by Bikaneri ewes and
Marino rams.
11. Define apiculture. List any two importance of it.
12. Which are the important components of Poultry Farm Management?
13. Mention the objectives of biofortification.

3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. a) Differentiate between inbreeding and outbreeding.
b) Discuss the MOET technique of animal breeding.
2. a)What is poultry? Mention two important components of poultry fam management.
b) Define interspecific hybridisation? Give an example.
4. a) Write the steps involved in multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET).
b) Differentiate between out crossing and cross breeding.
5. a) Explain the types of outbreeding processes employed to
improve desirable qualities of animals.
b)Write any two processes dealt with to improve the yield and quality of milk
in dairy farm management.
6. Write the meaning of following terms: a) Explant b) Totipotency c) Somaclones.
 5 MARKS QUESTIONS
Marc 1. What id inbreeding? Mention the significance of inbreeding.
h 2.Give the meaning of following terms. a) Explant b) Totipotency
2016 c) Somaclones d) Somatic hybrids e) Micropropagation
3. What is bee-keeping? Write any four points of successful bee-keeping.
4. What is tissue culture? Mention any four applications.
5. Explain the following terms. a) Inbreeding depression b) Inter specific hybridization c)
Biofortification d) Somaclones
6. Describe the various steps of plant breeding programme.

CHAPTER – 10 MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE (6 MARKS)

1 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Mention the bacterium responsible for the large holes seen in
Swiss cheese.
2.What are bio-fertilisers?
3. Mention the use of Cyclosporin A.
4. Mention the use of stain.
5. Which bioactive agent is used as an immunosuppressive agent?
6.Define Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
7. Name the microbe used in production of citric acid.
8. What are flocs?
9. Mention the role of Methanobacterium in rumen of rumen.
10. Mention the commercial importance of Monascuspurpureus.

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the role of fungi as bio-fertilisers.
2. Draw a neat labelled diagram of biogas plant.
3. a) Draw a neat labelled diagram of typical Biogas plant.
b) Mention the beneficial role of anaerobic bacteria in secondary
sewage treatment.

5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a typical biogas plant.
2.Describe the parts of biogas plant with a labelled diagram
3.Explain the role of microbes in industrial products.
4.Explain the role of microbes in House-hold products.
5.Describe the biogas plant with a neat labelled diagram.
6.Describe the role of microbes as biofertiliser.
7. Explain different stages involved in sewage treatment
8. Briefly describe the role of biological control of pests and diseases.
 CHAPTER-11 BIOTECHNOLOGY –PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES (6 MARKS)
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.Define polymerase chain reaction
2. What is polymerase chain reaction?
3. Mention the technique used to separate DNA fragments in rDNA technology.
4. Retrovirus are disarmed before using to deliver desirable genes into animal cells.Why?
5. Name the molecular scissors used in recombinant DNA technology
6. What are plasmids?
7. What is micro-injection?
8. What is downstream processing?
9. Write restriction site of EcoRI enzyme.

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Write a note on downstream processing.
2. Classify restriction enzymes. Mention the function of each.
3.Draw a neat labelled diagram of a typical agrose gel electrophoresis.
4. Mention any two techniques to make host competent in rDNA technology.
5. What is significance of selectable marker in cloning vectors?
6. Define polymerase chain reaction. Name the enzyme used in it.
7. Write the methods to introduce alien DNA into Host cells.
8. Write the methods to introduce alien DNA into Host cells.

3 MARKS QUESITONS
1.Draw a labelled diagram of Plasmid pBR322
2.Write diagrammatic representation of recombinant DNA technology.
3.Explain in brief the separation and isolation of DNA fragments.
4. Draw a neat labelled diagram of simple stirred tank bioreactor.
5. Draw a neat diagram of simple stirred tank bioreactor.
6. Draw a labelled diagram of pBR322 Plasmid.
7. Draw a labelled diagram of pBR322 Plasmid.
8. Write the important use of the following in r-DNA technology
a) P C R b) Ethidium bromide c) Bioreactor
5 MARKS QUESITONS
1.Explain the features of cloning vectors.
 CHAPTER-12 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS (5 MARKS)
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. What is biopiracy?
2. What is gene therapy? Give an example
3. What is gene therapy? Name the disorder to which clinical gene therapy was given
first.
4. Write a note on gene therapy
5. What are genetically modified organisms? Name to Bt toxin producing plant.

3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. a) What is biopiracy?
b)How ADA deficiency was cured by gene therapy?
2. a) What is gene therapy? Give an example.
b) Write a note on biopiracy with reference to Bt-cotton.
3. In which ways genetically modified plants are useful.
4.a) Development of Bt-cotton has reduced the use of insecticides. Justify
b) Write a note on gene therapy
5. a)What is biopiracy? Explain if with reference to basmati rice.
b) What are genetically modified organisms? Name to Bt toxin producing plant.
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. One of the application of biotechnology is the production of insect resistant
crop plants.’ Justify the statement with reference to BT-cotton’.
2. a)What is biopiracy? Explain if with reference to basmati rice.
b) What are genetically modified organisms? Name to Bt toxin producing plant.
3. One of the application of biotechnology is the production of insect resistant crop
plants.’ Justify the statement with reference to Bt-cotton.
4. What is RNA interference? How does RNA interference helps to develop resistance
in tobacco plant against nematode injection?
5. One of the applications of biotechnology is to get pest resistant plants- Justify the
statement with reference to Bt cotton
6. List the benefits of Transgenic animals.
 CHAPTER-13 ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS (6 MARKS)
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.Define mortality.
2.a) State “Gauss’s competitive exclusion principal’.
b)Mutulism is a method of population interaction. Explain with examples.
3. Define natality.
4. What are eurythermal organisms?
5. How do some species of frog and insects avoid being detected by the
predeators.
6. What is adaptation?
7.State Gauss’s Competitive Exclusion Principle.
8. Define mortality.
9. State Allen’s rule.
10. What are Eurythermal organisms?
11. Why mammals of colder climate have shorter ears and limbs?
12. What is sexual deceit?
13. Name the type of interaction between algae and fungi in lichens

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.What is commensalism? Give example.
2. Name the four basic process that fluctuate the density of
the population in a given habitat.
3. a) What is adaptation? Write a cause and symptom of altitude sickness.
4. a) List the responses of living organisms to abiotic factors.
b) What is commensalism? Give an example.
c) Name the type of interaction between algae and fungi in lichens.
5.What are Ectoparasites and Endoparasites?
6. a) Write any four factors that influence population density.
b) Draw a graph showing exponential growth curve.
c) What is sexual deceit?
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Explain any three major abiotic factors influeancing the life of organism.
2. Define the following terms. a) Commenslism b) Brood parasitism c)Mutualism
3. a) What is adaptation? b) Write a cause and symptom of altitude sickness.
C) What is brood parasitism? Give an example.
4. a) What are Ectoparasites and Endoparasites?
b) List any three parasitic adaptations in animals.
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Explain brood parasitism and sexual deceit’ as an interaction of species with an
example each.
2. What is population growth? Explain factors responsible for fluctuating population
density.
3. Explain mutualism with examples.
 CHAPTER-14 ECOSYSTEM (6 MARKS)
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. What is an ecological succession
2. Define food web.
3. Give an example of gaseous cycle.
4. What is detritus?
5. What is ecological succession?
6. Give an example for gaseous cycle.
7) What is ecological succession?
8) What is tropic level?

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. a) Draw an ideal pyramid of energy and mention the units.
b) What is an ecological succession.
2. a) Distinguish between primary productivity and secondary
productivity of an ecosystem. b)Define food web.
3. a) What is ecological succession?
b)Represent an ideal pyramid of number in a grassland ecosystem.
c) Name the two types of nutrient cycles with an example each.
4. Name the pioneer species in primary succession on rocks and primary
succession in water.
5. a)What is ecological succession? b)Write types of plant succession.
c)Represent pyramid of number in grassland ecosystem.
6. a) Mention the functional components of an ecosystem.
b) What is tropic level?
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. What is ecological succession? Distinguish between primary succession and
secondary succession.
2. With reference to ecological succession define the following terms.
a)Climax community b) sere(s) c) pioneer species.
3. What are biogeochemical cycle? Mention two types by giving an example for
each.
4. Write the diagrammatic representation of pyramid of energy.
5. Write a short note on ecosystem services.
6.What is ecological succession? How Hydrarch succession is different from
Xerarch succession.
7. Write the schematic representation of phosphorus cycle.
8) What are ecological pyramids? Draw an ideal pyramid of energy and mention
its units.
9) Describe the process of primary succession on bare rocks

5 MARKS QUESTIONS
July 1.Define ecological pyramid. Describe pyramid of energy flow with an example.
2015 2.Explain the important steps involved in the process of decomposition.
 CHAPTER- 15 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION (4 MARKS)
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. What is endemism?
2. How does fragmentation of large habitat due to human activities lead to
population decline?
3. Define endemism.
4. Mention a biodiversity hotspot in India.
5. What are endemic species?
6. Which is the fish caught in South Africa in 1938, which was thought to be extinct?

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Introduction to some alien species causes biodiversity loss. Justify the statement
with an example.
2.What are scared grooves? Mention any two examples.
3. List out any two effects of loss of biodiversity.
4.What are scared grooves? Give an example.
5. a) What is endemism? b) Mention ‘The Evil Quartet’ of biodiversity loss.
6. Write two examples for loss of biodiversity due to alien species invasions.
7. Define biodiversity. Write any two types of biodiversity.
8.Name any four recent extinct organisms as per IUCN Red list.
9. ‘Alien Species invasion leads to extinction of indigenous species’ – Justify the
statement by considering two animals as examples.
10.What is Ex-situ conservation? Mention two examples.
11. a) Mention any two causes of biodiversity losses.
b) What are endemic species?
12. Define endemism. Name any two regions of accelerated habitat loss in India.
13. Invasion of alien animal species eliminates the native animal species. Give two
examples.
14. Name any two species which have become extinct due to overexploitation.
15.What are sacred grooves? Name any sacred grooves in India.
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Mention three causes for biodiversity loss.
3
 CHAPTER- 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES (6 MARKS)
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. What is global warming?
2. What is biomagnification?
3. Disposal of sewage into water without proper treatment may cause
outbreak of serious diseases. Given reason.
4. Define reforestation.
5. What is Eutrophication?
6. Name the chemical compound responsible for depletion of ozone layer.
7. Define Biomagnification.
8. Name the unit used to measure ozone layer thickness.
9.Write a short note on the following.a) Greenhouse gases b) Catalytic converter.
C) Ultraviolet-B d) Ozone layere e) Electrostatic precipitator
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1) BOD is an index of water pollution .Comment.
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Comment: Compressed natural gas (CNG) is better than diesel.
2.What is biomagnification? Name two well-studied toxic substances causing this
phenomenon.
3. a)What are effects of ozone depletion?
b) BOD is an index of water pollution .Comment.
4. Write a note on the following:a) Radioactive wastes
b) Joint Forest Management
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Define pollution.With reference to water pollution explain the
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Algal bloom, Biomagnification and Eutrophication.
1. What is eutrophication? Discuss the phenomenon of accelerated
eutrophication.
2. Write a brief account of functioning of Electrostatic, with diagram.
1. Discuss the consequences of global warming and ozone layer depletion.
3. Write a brief account of electrostatic precipitator with a neat labelled diagram.
3. What is global warming? Mention the causes and effects of global warming.