46 Word Problems Compilation
46 Word Problems Compilation
46 Word Problems Compilation
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
MARAWI CITY
in EDM 133
(Arithmetic Sequence, Algebra (Intermediate, Elementary and Advanced, Linear, Abstract), Geometry (Plane and Solid),
Trigonometry, General Mathematics, Probability and Statistics, Logic and Set Theory, Number Theory and Calculus )
Presented by
Marvin L. barcelon
BSED MATHEMATICS
Presented to
Instructor
July, 2021
Acknowledgement
It is my honor to say thank you to my parents for their continuous support to me; the
love, motivation and encouragements that they have given to me.
To the pokemon of my life Merlita T. Lumaad, thank you for the love and support
morally and financially. I am nothing without your contribution as my partner in life. Thank you
also for believing in me that no matter what the problem is, you enlightened me that every
problem has its solution.
To Rose Marie Arecto for allowing me to use her laptop in completing my requirement.
And to all my friends for the help and to those who contributed directly and indirectly toward
the completion of this school requirement.
During this requirement, I acquired many ways on how to solve some problems. Solving
problems needs careful understanding. I am making this not only for marks but to also to
improve my knowledge in mathematics.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. Cover page i
II. Acknowledgement 1
III. Content
1. Algebra 3
a. Algebraic Expression 3
b. Inequalities and number line 5
c. Quadratic Equation 7
d. Completing the square 8
e. Quadratic formula 10
f. Polynomials 12
g. Rational Expression 13
h. Logarithm 14
2. Arithmetic 16
3. Geometry 19
4. Trigonometry 22
5. Probability and Statistics 25
6. Logic and Set Theory 28
7. Number Theory 30
IV. Reference
2
1. ALGEBRA
a. Algebraic Expession:
Example 1
5x + 10 = 50
Solution
Given Equation as 5x + 10 = 50
5x = 50-10
5x = 40
x = 40/5 = 8
Example 2
Solution
3
5y = 100 -45
5y = 55
y = 55/5
y= 11
Example 3
2x + 40 = 30
Solution
2x = 30 – 40
2x = -10
x = -5
Example 4
Find t when 6t + 5 = 3
Solution
6t = 5 -3
4
6t = -2
t = -2/6
t = -1/3
Example 5
Solve 3x − 5 ≤ 3 − x.
Solution
3x – 5 + 5 ≤ 3 + 5 − x
3x ≤ 8 – x
3x + x ≤ 8 – x + x
4x ≤ 8
x≤2
5
Example 6
Solution
y – 4 + 4 < 2y + 5 + 4
y < 2y + 9
y – 2y < 2y – 2y + 9
Y < 9 Multiply both sides of the inequality by −1 and change the inequality symbol’s
direction. y > − 9
Example 7
Solve x + 8 > 5.
Solution
6
c. Quadratic equation
Example 8
Solve: 2(x 2 + 1) = 5x
Solution
Expand the equation and move all the terms to the left of the equal sign.
⟹ 2x 2 – 5x + 2 = 0
⟹ 2x 2 – 4x – x + 2 = 0
⟹ 2x (x – 2) – 1(x – 2) = 0
⟹ (x – 2) (2x – 1) = 0
⟹ x – 2 = 0 or 2x – 1 = 0
⟹ x = 2 or x = 1212
Example 9
Solve 3x 2 – 8x – 3 = 0
Solution
3x 2 – 9x + x – 3 = 0
⟹ 3x (x – 3) + 1(x – 3) = 0
⟹ (x – 3) (3x + 1) = 0
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⟹ x = 3 or x = -13
Example 10
x2 + 6x – 2 = 0
Solution
x + 3 = +√11 or x + 3 = -√11
x = -3+√11
OR
x = -3 -√11
x = 0.317 or x = -6.317
Example 11
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Solution
Example 12
Solve x2 + 10x − 4 = 0
Solution
x2 + 10x = 4
= x2 + 10x + 25 = 4 + 25
= x2 + 10x + 25 = 29
(x + 5) 2 = 29
x = -5 ±√29
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x = 0.3852, – 10.3852
f. Quadratic formula:
Example 13
Solution
a = 1, b = -5 and c = 6
x1 = (-b + √b2-4ac)/2a
⇒ (5 + 1)/2
=3
x2 = (-b – √b2-4ac)/2a
⇒ (5 – 1)/2
=2
Example 14
3x2 + 6x + 2 = 0
10
Solution
Comparing the problem with the general form of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
gives,
a = 3, b = 6 and c = 2
x = [- b ± √ (b2– 4ac)]/2a
⇒ [- 6 ± √ (62 – 4* 3* 2)]/2*3
⇒ [- 6 ± √ (36- 24)]/6
⇒ [- 6 ± √ (12)]/6
x1 = (-6 + 2√3)/6
⇒ -(2/3) √3
x2 = (-6– 2√3)/6
⇒ -(4/3) √3
Example 15
Solve 5x2 + 6x + 1 = 0
Solution
a = 5, b = 6, c = 1
x = −b ± √ (b2 − 4ac)2a
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Substitute the values of a, b and c
⇒ x = −6 ± √ (62 − 4×5×1)2×5
⇒ x = −6 ± √ (36 − 20)10
⇒ x = −6 ± √ (16)10
⇒ x = −6 ± 410
⇒ x = − 0.2, −1
g. Polynomials
Example 26
Solution
= 5x + 3y + 4x – 4y + z – 3x + 5y + 2z
= 5x + 4x – 3x + 3y – 4y + 5y + z + 2z
= 6x + 4y + 3z
Example 17
12
Solution
Enclose the subtracting polynomial and place a negative sign in front of the
parentheses.
⟹ 5x + 9y – 2z – (2x – 5y + 3z)
= 5x + 9y – 2z – 2x + 5y – 3z
= 5x – 2x + 9y + 5y – 2z – 3z
= 3x + 14y – 5z
Example 18
Multiply x2 + 2xy + y2 + 1 by z.
Solution
= z * (x2 + 2xy + y2 + 1)
Example 19
Solution
⟹ a2 * (a + 2b − 3c) − 2a * (a + 2b − 3c)
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⟹ (a2 * a) + (a2 * 2b) + (a2 * −3c) − (2a * a) − (2a * 2b) − (2a * −3c)
h. Rational expression
Example 20
Solution
⟹ (x + 1) (x + 4) (x + 5)/(x + 1) (x – 1)
⟹ (x + 4) (x + 5)/(x – 1)
Example 21
Solution
⟹ (x + 2) (x – 2) / (x + 2) (x + 2)
Now cancel out common factors in the numerator and denominator to get.
= (x – 2) / (x + 2
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i. Logarithm
Example 22
Solution
⟹ (x + 1) (x + 4) (x + 5)/(x + 1) (x – 1)
⟹ (x + 4) (x + 5)/(x – 1)
Example 23
Solution
⟹ (x + 2) (x – 2) / (x + 2) (x + 2)
Now cancel out common factors in the numerator and denominator to get.
= (x – 2) / (x + 2
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2. Arithmetic
Example 24
Solution
Three consecutive numbers, 24, 28, and 32, are examined to find this sequence
pattern, and the rule obtained. You can notice that the corresponding number is
obtained by adding 4 to the preceding number.
Example 25
Solution
263 is a prime number. 263 ends in an odd number 3, and therefore, it is not divisible by
2. Since its last digit is not 0 or 5, the number is also not divisible by 5. Lastly, the digital
root of 263 is 2, i.e.
Number 185 has the last digit as 5, so 185 is divisible by 5. In this case, the number is
composite.
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The number 253 has the last digit as 3, which is an odd number. Similarly, it doesn’t end
in 0 or 5, 253 is not divisible by 5. The digital root of 253 is calculated as (2 + 5 + 3) =
10. (1 + 0) = 1, which isn’t divisible by 3. Therefore, 253 is a composite number.
The number 243 has the last digit as 3, so it is not divisible by 2. The number doesn’t
have 0 or 5 as its last digit, and therefore, is not divisible by 5. Its digital root is obtained
as (2 + 4 + 3) = 9, which is divisible by 3. Therefore, 243 is composite.
Example 26
Solution
The best way to solve this problem is by identifying the smallest prime factor of the
number, which is 2.
16 ÷ 2 = 8
Because 8 is not a prime number, proceed by dividing again by the smallest factor;
8÷2=4
4÷2=2
16 = 2 2
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Examples 27
Instrument type
A component is composed 30% copper, 60% brass and 10% gold. Use this information
to calculate:
Copper = 30%
Brass = 60%
Gold = 10%
Brass = 60%
Gold =10%
Copper = 30%
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3. Geometry
Example 28
Given that ∠ a = 45°, find all the other angles in the diagram below.
45° d
b c
e f
g h
Solution
Given ∠ a = 45°
∠ d = 135°
∠ a and ∠ c are vertical angles, and vertical angles are equal. Therefore ∠ c = 45°.
∠ b = 135°
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Example 29
The two short sides of a right triangle are 5 cm and 12cm. Find the length of the third
side
Solution
Given, a = 5 cm
b = 12 cm
c=?
c2 = a2 + b2
c2 =122 + 52
c2 = 144 + 25
√c2 = √169
c = 13.
Example 30
Find the regular pentagon area if the polygon’s length is 8 m and the radius of the
circumscribed circle is 7 m.
Solution
A = [n/2 × L × √ (R² – L²/4)] square units.
Where, n = 5; L = 8 m and R = 7 m.
20
By substitution,
= 20√33 m2
= 20 * 5.745 m2
= 114.89 m2
Example 31
The radius of each wheel of a motorcycle is 0. 85 m. How far will the motorcycle move if
each wheel takes 1000 revolutions? Assume the motorcycle is moving on a straight line.
Solution
Circumference = 2 π R
= 2 * 3.14 * 0.85
= 5.338 m.
To find the distance traveled, multiply the circumference of the wheel by the number of
revolutions taken.
= 5338 m
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4. Trigonometry
Example 32:
Two friends, Rakesh and Vishal started climbing a pyramid-shaped hill. Rakesh climbs
315 m and finds that the angle of depression is 72.3 degrees from his starting point. How high is
he from the ground?
To find: Value of m
0.953 = m/315
m= 315 x 0.953
m=300.195 mtr
Example 33: A man is observing a pole of height 55 foot. According to his measurement, pole
cast a 23 feet long shadow. Can you help him to know the angle of elevation of the sun from the
tip of shadow?
Solution:
x = tan-1(2.391)
or x = 67.30 degrees
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Example 34:
Solution:
tan(25o) = h1 / 300
and
tan(60o) = (h1 + h2) / 300
h1 = 300 tan(tan(25o))
and
h1 + h2 = 300 tan(60o)
If it takes the balloon 2 minutes (10:00 to 10:02) to climb h2, the the upward speed S is given by
S = h2 / 2 minutes
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Example 35:
Point P has initially coordinates (x,y). It is then rotated by angle a about the origin to point P'
(the distance r from the origin is conserved). What are the new coordinates (x',y') of point P'
x = r cos b
y = r sin b
x' = r cos(a + b)
y' = r sin(a + b)
and
x' = r cos(a + b)
y' = r sin(a + b)
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We now use x = r cos b and y = r sin b in the above expressions to obtain
The above relationships between x, y , x' and y' may be written in matrix form as follows
Example 36:
There are 4 outcomes favorable to the event since there are four 3’s in the deck.
There are 52 total cards in the deck.
Thus, the probability of getting a 3 is:
P(3)=452=113
Example 37:
From a pack of cards, three cards are drawn at random. Find the probability that each
card is from different suit.
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Example 38 :
When a number xx is added to the data set 4, 8, 20, 25, 32,4, 8, 20, 25, 32, the new mean
is 15 . Find the value of xx .
Including xx , there are 6 numbers in the set. Write an equation for calculating the mean with the
unknown value.
(4 + 8 + 20 + 25 + 32 + x) / 6 = 15
Simplify.
(89 + x) / 6 =15
89+x=90
x=1
Example 39
In one state, 52% of the voters are Republicans, and 48% are Democrats. In a second
state, 47% of the voters are Republicans, and 53% are Democrats. Suppose a simple random
sample of 100 voters are surveyed from each state.
What is the probability that the survey will show a greater percentage of Republican voters in the
second state than in the first state?
(A) 0.04
(B) 0.05
(C) 0.24
(D) 0.71
(E) 0.76
Solution
The correct answer is C. For this analysis, let P1 = the proportion of Republican voters in the first
state, P2 = the proportion of Republican voters in the second state, p1 = the proportion of
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Republican voters in the sample from the first state, and p2 = the proportion of Republican voters
in the sample from the second state. The number of voters sampled from the first state (n1) = 100,
and the number of voters sampled from the second state (n2) = 100.
Make sure the sample size is big enough to model differences with a normal population.
Because n1P1 = 100 * 0.52 = 52, n1(1 - P1) = 100 * 0.48 = 48, n2P2 = 100 * 0.47 = 47, and
n2(1 - P2) = 100 * 0.53 = 53 are each greater than 10, the sample size is large enough.
Find the mean of the difference in sample proportions: E(p1 - p2) = P1 - P2 = 0.52 - 0.47 =
0.05.
Find the probability. This problem requires us to find the probability that p1 is less than
p2. This is equivalent to finding the probability that p1 - p2 is less than zero. To find this
probability, we need to transform the random variable (p1 - p2) into a z-score. That
transformation appears below.
z p1 - p2 = (x - μ p1 - p2 ) / σd = = (0 - 0.05)/0.0706 = -0.7082
Using Stat Trek's Normal Distribution Calculator, we find that the probability of a z-
score being -0.7082 or less is 0.24.
Therefore, the probability that the survey will show a greater percentage of Republican voters in
the second state than in the first state is 0.24.
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6. Logic and set theory
Example 40
A = {1, 4, 8, 9}
B = {3, 4, 9}
Solution:
As we know, that intersection of two sets is the set containing the common elements of both the
sets; therefore, our new set is going to be:
{4, 9}
We can observe that 4 and 9 are the only common elements to both A and B. So the set which
contains both these elements will be the intersection of sets.
Example 41
A = {2, 6, 7, 9}
B = {2, 4, 6, 10}
Find out the symmetric difference based on the definition provided above.
Solution:
From the definition provided above, we know that symmetric difference is a set containing
elements either in A or B but not in both. We look for elements common in A and B. These
elements are 2 and 6. A new set would contain all the remaining elements, which are:
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{4, 7, 9, 10}
Example 42
A = {a, b, g, j, k}
B = {h, t, k, g}
Solution:
In the union of two sets, we will include elements present in A, in B, or both. So these elements
are a, b, g, j, k, h, t. You will observe that g and k were present in both sets, but we will only
mention them once as they are common to both A and B.
Example 43
A = {1, 2}
B = {2, 3}
C = {5, 3}
Solution
To find out the disjoint sets, let’s first consider the intersection of these sets.
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A∩B∩C=𝛟
A ∩ B = {1, 2} ∩ {2, 3}
A ∩ B = {2}
And,
B ∩ C = {2, 3} ∩ {5, 3}
B ∩ C = {3}
A ∩ C = {1, 2} ∩ {5, 3}
A∩C=𝛟
So, in this group of sets, only sets A and C are disjoint sets.
7. Number theory
Example 44:
Find the Greatest Common Divisor(G.C.D ) of a number 30 and 52
Solution:
Divisors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30
Divisors of 52 are 1, 2, 4, 13, 26, 52
The common divisors in 30 and 52 is 2
Therefore, the G. C.D of 30 and 52 is 2
gcd(30,52)= 2
30
Example 45:
Find the common factors of 10 and 16
Solution:
Factors of 10 are:
2 x 5 =10
1 x 10 = 10
Therefore, the factors are 1, 2, 5 and 10
Factors of 16 are
4 x 4 = 16
1 x 16 = 16
2 x 8 = 16
Therefore, the factors of 16 are as follows: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Then, the common factors are 1 and 2.
Example 46:
Show that the greatest factor of a number is the number itself.
Solution:
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References:
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/algebraic-expressions
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/inequalities-math
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/factoring-quadratic-equations
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/completing-the-square
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/quadratic-formula
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/adding-and-subtracting-polynomials
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/multiplying-polynomials
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/simplifying-rational-expressions
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/logarithm
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/number-sequences
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/prime-composite-numbers
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/prime-factorization
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/ratios
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/angles
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/pythagorean-theorem
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/area-of-polygon
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/circumference-of-circle
https://byjus.com/maths/trigonometry/
https://www.analyzemath.com/Trigonometry_problems/trigonometry_problems.html
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/probability-of-an-event
https://www.hitbullseye.com/Probability-Examples.php
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/word-problems-involving-the-
mean-of-a-data-set
https://stattrek.com/statistics/problems.aspx
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https://www.storyofmathematics.com/intersection-of-sets
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/symmetric-difference
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/union-of-sets
https://www.storyofmathematics.com/disjoint-sets
https://byjus.com/maths/number-theory/
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