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    Basics of Joint Biomechanics

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    Dr Umiya Pathan
    This document provides an overview of basic joint biomechanics. It begins by defining the objectives which are to describe the basic principles of joint design, classification of joints, osteokinematics and arthokinematics, the concave-convex rule, and stress-strain curves. It then introduces some basics about bones and joint design. The document classifies joints into three types: synarthrosis, synchondrosis, and diarthrosis. It provides examples and descriptions of different types of joints within each classification. In closing, it notes that synovial joints are constructed similarly and have features like a joint capsule, cavity, synovial tissue, cartilage, and accessory structures.

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    Basics of Joint Biomechanics

    Uploaded by

    Dr Umiya Pathan
    200 views28 pages
    This document provides an overview of basic joint biomechanics. It begins by defining the objectives which are to describe the basic principles of joint design, classification of joints, osteokinematics and arthokinematics, the concave-convex rule, and stress-strain curves. It then introduces some basics about bones and joint design. The document classifies joints into three types: synarthrosis, synchondrosis, and diarthrosis. It provides examples and descriptions of different types of joints within each classification. In closing, it notes that synovial joints are constructed similarly and have features like a joint capsule, cavity, synovial tissue, cartilage, and accessory structures.

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    This document provides an overview of basic joint biomechanics. It begins by defining the objectives which are to describe the basic principles of joint design, classification of joints, osteokinematics and arthokinematics, the concave-convex rule, and stress-strain curves. It then introduces some basics about bones and joint design. The document classifies joints into three types: synarthrosis, synchondrosis, and diarthrosis. It provides examples and descriptions of different types of joints within each classification. In closing, it notes that synovial joints are constructed similarly and have features like a joint capsule, cavity, synovial tissue, cartilage, and accessory structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    200 views28 pages

    Basics of Joint Biomechanics

    Uploaded by

    Dr Umiya Pathan
    This document provides an overview of basic joint biomechanics. It begins by defining the objectives which are to describe the basic principles of joint design, classification of joints, osteokinematics and arthokinematics, the concave-convex rule, and stress-strain curves. It then introduces some basics about bones and joint design. The document classifies joints into three types: synarthrosis, synchondrosis, and diarthrosis. It provides examples and descriptions of different types of joints within each classification. In closing, it notes that synovial joints are constructed similarly and have features like a joint capsule, cavity, synovial tissue, cartilage, and accessory structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Basics of Joint

    Biomechanics
    Dr. Mrs. Umiya I. Pathan
    Assistant Professor
    D.Y.Patil College of Physiotherapy,
    Kolhapur
    ( 15th December 2020)
    Objectives
     Basic principles of joint design.
     Classification of joints.
     Osteokinematics n arthokinematics.
     Concave convex rule.
     Stress-strain Curve.
    Introduction
     206 bones
     Vary in size from pea sized to long
     Shapes of bone vary from round to flat

    and contours of the ends of bone vary


    from convex to concave
     Task of designing
     Joint desigh- vary from simple to

    complex
     Simple human joints - stability is
    primary function,
     Complex human joints- mobility is

    primary function
     Most joints have dual function
     Human stability joints-ends of the

    bones may be contoured either to fit


    into each other or lie flat against each
    other
     Bracing of joint- use of joint capsule ,

    ligaments & tendons


     Joints designed for mobility – Synovial
    Joint
     The ends of bony componunts –

    hyaline cartilage covered& enclosed in


    a synovial sheath( joint capsule)
     The capsule, ligaments & tendons

    located around mobility joints not only


    help to provide stability but also guide
    limit & permit motion
     Wedges of cartilage- minisci, discs,
    plates & labrum- used to increase
    stability, to provide shock absorption
    and to facilitate motion

     Lubricating fliud- help to reduce


    friction between the articulating
    surface
    Classification of Joints

    1. Synarthrosis ( non- synovial)


    2. Synchondrosis ( primary
    cartilaginous joint)
    3. Diarthrosis ( synovial)
    1. Synarthrosis (non- synovial)
     Material used to connect is
    interosseus connective tissue ( fibrous
    or Cartilaginous)
     Divided into two

    i. Fibrous
    ii. Cartilaginous
    i. Fibrous joints
     Directly unites bone to bone
     Types : Sutures, Gomphosis,
    Syndesmosis
    a. Suture joint
     Bony components are united by collagenous
    sutural ligament or membrane
     The ends – the edges interlock or overlap one

    another
     Found in skull
     Fusion of bones in this occure latter in life &

    forms bony union called syndesmosis


    b. Gomphosis
     In this surfaces of bony components are
    adapted to each other like a peg in a hole
     Component parts are connected by fibrous

    tissue.
     Eg.

    joint between tooth & either mandible or


    maxilla
    c. Syndesmosis
     Two bony componunts are joined by
    an interosseous ligaments, a fibrous
    cord or aponeurotic membrane
     Small amount of motion
     Shaft of tibia is joined to shaft of

    fibula by interosseous membrane


    ii. Cartilaginous joint
     Cartilagenous material is used to unite
     Creates cartilage-bone interface
     Materials uesed- fibrocartilage or hyaline

    cartilage
     Types - Symphysis

    synchondroses
    a. Symphysis joint( secondary
    cartilaginous joint)
     Covered with thin lamina of hyaline
    cartilage
     Directely joined by fibrocartilage in

    forms of disc or pads


     Eg. Intervetibral joints,joint between

    manubrium and sternal body,


    symphysis pubis
    b. Synchondrosis
     Connecting material between two bone –
    Hyaline cartilage
     Cartilage forms bond between two ossifing

    centres
     Function- to permit bone growth

    providing stability & allowing


    small mobility
     Some found in skull and some in sites of

    bone growth
     When bone growth complete, some of these
    joints ossify &convert to bony unions

     Eg. 1st intercostal joint- adjuscent surface of


    1st rib & sternum are connected directely by
    articular cartilage.
    2. Diarthroses
     Ends of bony
    components are free
    to move
     Bony components are

    indirectly connected to
    one another by a joint
    capsule
     All synovial joints are constructed in a
    similar fashion and having following
    features:
     a joint capsule composed of two
    layers
     A joint cavity that is enclosed by the

    joint capsule
     Synovial tissue lines the inner surface

    of the capsule
     Synovial fluids forms a film over the

    joint surface
     Hyalinecartilage covers the surface of
    the enclosed contiguous bones

     Synovialjoints are associated with


    accessory structures like
    fibrocartilaginous disks, plates, or
    minisci,labrums, fat pads & ligaments
    & tendons
     Articular disks & menisci occur
    between articular surfaces where
    congruity is low
     Articular disks- extends all across a

    joint
     Divides into two separate cavities

    eg. Articular disk at the end of distal


    radioulnar joint
     Menisci provide lubrication & increase
    congruity. Ligaments and tendons
    keeps joint surface together and assist
    in guiding motion
     Excessive separation of joint surface is

    limited by passive tension in ligaments,


    the fibrous joint capsule & tendons
     Active tension also limits the separation

    of joint surface
    Thank you

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