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    EE321 Hardware Lab 1

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    Carlos Babu
    The objectives of the experiment were to obtain the no load saturation curve and short circuit characteristics of an alternator. In the first part, measurements were taken of the generated voltages at different excitation currents to create the saturation curve. It was observed that the voltage increased with current initially but reached saturation at higher currents. In the second part, the short circuit current was examined and saw an initial peak current that settled to a final steady state value when the synchronous switch closed. The experiment achieved its objectives and provided insight into the alternator's performance under no load and short circuit conditions.

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    EE321 Hardware Lab 1

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Babu
    28 views7 pages
    The objectives of the experiment were to obtain the no load saturation curve and short circuit characteristics of an alternator. In the first part, measurements were taken of the generated voltages at different excitation currents to create the saturation curve. It was observed that the voltage increased with current initially but reached saturation at higher currents. In the second part, the short circuit current was examined and saw an initial peak current that settled to a final steady state value when the synchronous switch closed. The experiment achieved its objectives and provided insight into the alternator's performance under no load and short circuit conditions.

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    The objectives of the experiment were to obtain the no load saturation curve and short circuit characteristics of an alternator. In the first part, measurements were taken of the generated voltages at different excitation currents to create the saturation curve. It was observed that the voltage increased with current initially but reached saturation at higher currents. In the second part, the short circuit current was examined and saw an initial peak current that settled to a final steady state value when the synchronous switch closed. The experiment achieved its objectives and provided insight into the alternator's performance under no load and short circuit conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views7 pages

    EE321 Hardware Lab 1

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Babu
    The objectives of the experiment were to obtain the no load saturation curve and short circuit characteristics of an alternator. In the first part, measurements were taken of the generated voltages at different excitation currents to create the saturation curve. It was observed that the voltage increased with current initially but reached saturation at higher currents. In the second part, the short circuit current was examined and saw an initial peak current that settled to a final steady state value when the synchronous switch closed. The experiment achieved its objectives and provided insight into the alternator's performance under no load and short circuit conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    OBJECTIVES

    • To obtain the no load saturation curve of the alternator.

    • To obtain the short-circuit characteristics of the alternator.

    Introduction
    Synchronous Generator is ana electrical machine that convert mechanical power from the
    prime mover to electrical power. Synchronous Generator or Alternator running at constant
    speed called Synchronous speed. Synchronous Generator consist of rotor (move by prime
    mover) exited by a dc current and a stator (stationary winding). This experiment going to
    examine the relationship between the exciting current and voltage produce. Also, to study short
    circuit characteristic of the alternator

    [1]The synchronous generator works on the principle of Faraday laws of electromagnetic


    induction. Electromagnetic induction states that electromotive force can produce in conductor
    move through a constant magnetic field. The electromotive force will also be generated if the
    field rotates and the conductor becomes stationary. Thus, the relative motion between the
    conductor and the field induces the EMF in the conductor. The wave shape of the induced
    voltage is always a sinusoidal curve.

    Methodology

    1. Connected the circuit in Figure 1.0. The motor was connected to fixed voltage of 415
    V.

    Figure 1.0. Synchronouse Motor/ Generator & Four-Pole squairrel cage induction Motor.
    2.
    a) Customize the field Rheostat of synchronous Motor to Zero (Clockwise
    direction)
    Measure the resistance rf in ohms.

    b) Manually rotate the power supply counter clockwise. This setting the dc
    voltage to Zero.
    Use Multimeter to conform the measurement Vf in voltage.

    3.
    a) Turn the power supply on. With 0 dc excitation, measured the
    E1 =__________ Vac E2 = _________ Vac E3 = ______ Vac
    And Recorded Result in Table 1.0
    Table 1.0. Three Generated voltage

    4. Observed and explained when voltage turn to zero and off the power supply. Also
    calculated the average output voltage and Plot the graph of current and average voltage.

    5.
    a) Turning on the power supply, adjusted the excitation until voltage at E1 = 415V,
    Measured E2 = ______ Vac and E3 = _______ Vac
    b) Measured the voltage across Wye connected stator with the fixed voltage E1 =
    415V
    E2 to 5 = ______ Vac E3 to 6 = ______ Vac. Compared the result part a.
    Figure 1.1 The circuit above connected using Sychronizing Module.

    a) Connected the circuit in Figure 1.1, by using synchronous module.

    b) Turn on the power supply and set E1 = 415 V by adjusting dc excitation.

    c) Recorded the reading of IF =_______ A dc.

    d) The approximation peak Value of IF (I2) =_______ A dc.

    e) Lastly the final steady state is;


    IF (I1) =_______ A dc. Ia (I2) =_______ A dc.

    f) Finally, the voltage is adjusted to zero and the power supply was turn off.
    RESULT
    Part one: NO Load Saturation current
    1) Resistance (𝑟𝑓) = 480 Ω

    2) Voltage
    𝐸1 = 2.90 𝑉𝑎𝑐, 𝐸2 = 2.92 𝑉𝑎𝑐 𝐸3 = 2.94 𝑉𝑎𝑐

    Table 1: Generated Voltages 𝑬𝟏 , 𝑬𝟐 , 𝑬𝟑 at different exiting current


    𝑰𝑭 𝑬𝟏 𝑬𝟐 𝑬𝟑 𝑬𝑨𝒗𝒆
    𝑨 𝑽 𝑽 𝑽 𝑽
    0.05 109.3 109.3 109.3 109.3
    0.10 201.9 201.6 203.4 202.3
    0.15 276.1 276.9 279.6 277.5
    0.20 341.2 342.1 342.9 342.1
    0.25 383.8 384.8 387.4 385.3
    0.30 416.8 418.3 418.1 416.4
    0.35 440.1 440.3 444.8 441.7
    0.40 460.7 462.1 461.4 461.4
    0.45 474.8 476.4 479.5 476.9
    0.50 492.1 494.8 491.9 492.9

    Graph of Current (IF) Vs Generated


    Voltage
    600
    GENERATED VOLTAGE (V)

    500

    400

    300

    200

    100

    0
    0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

    CURRENT (IF)
    Adjusting the DC excitation, 𝐸1 = 415 𝑉
    𝐸2 = 417.5 𝑉𝐴𝐶 𝐸3 = 418.7 𝑉𝐴𝐶

    Voltage Across each of WYE connected stator Windings


    𝐸1 𝑡𝑜 4 = 243.0 𝑉𝐴𝐶 𝐸2 𝑡𝑜 5 = 245.2 𝑉𝐴𝐶 𝐸3 𝑡𝑜 6 = 243.6 𝑉𝐴𝐶

    Part two: Short circuit Current

    DC Excitation current 𝐼𝐹 = 0.29


    Peak Value 𝐼𝑎 (𝐼2 ) increase
    𝐼𝑎 (𝐼2 ) = 1.13 𝐴 𝐴𝐶

    Final steady – state value


    𝐼𝑎 (𝐼1 ) = 0.28 𝐴 𝐷𝐶 𝐼𝑎 (𝐼2 ) = 0.4 𝐴 𝐴𝐶

    DISCUSSION
    The experiment has two part, in the first part the experiment determines the relationship between
    the exiting current and the voltage produce in the winding of the generator. As it shown in table 1 the
    current increment by 0.05 amper interval, and it shown that the voltage also increases corresponding
    to the increase of current. The exciting current IF determine the mmf in the magnetise circuit. In the
    table it shown that even the current constant increases the mmf produce was decreasing. This is
    related to the stator winding flux density strength. In the graph voltage vs current, it indicates the
    operating of generator. If the exiting current increases to some level where the stator winding flux
    density cannot handle the flux it will be saturated. In the second part of the experiment the excitation
    current IF is 0.29 when the synchronous switch closes the excitation current remain the same and the
    ac current changes from 1.13 amper to 0.4 amper.
    Conclusion
    The experiment went as expected, it manages to obtain no load saturation curve for the generator. It
    notices when the current increase the voltage also increases. However, at certain point the voltage
    started to increase at low increment, which at certain point it will saturated. In the second part it
    notices that synchronous switch decreases the short circuit current in the system.

    References

    [1 Circuit Global, “Circuit Global,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://circuitglobe.com/synchronous-


    ] generators.html. [Accessed 13 April 2021].

    [2 EE321 Power System Analysis LAB 3 , “USP Moodle,” 2021. [Online]. Available:
    ] https://elearn.usp.ac.fj/pluginfile.php/151628/mod_resource/content/5/Hardware%20Lab%20
    1-3phase%20Alternator.pdf. [Accessed 05 April 2021].

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