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THE HANDBOOK OF DIVERSE ECONOMIES
The Handbook of Diverse Economies

Edited by
J.K. Gibson-Graham
Institute for Culture and Society, Western Sydney University, Australia
Kelly Dombroski
University of Canterbury, New Zealand

Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA

© J.K. Gibson-Graham and Kelly Dombroski 2020

Cover illustration: One of a number of maps created by artist Ailie Rutherford with groups
of women in Govanhill, Glasgow as part of a long term project ‘The People’s Bank of
Govanhill’, using artistic means to reclaim the local economy. Symbols were co-created with
local residents to denote paid and unpaid labour, exchange with and without money, mutual
support and emotional labour.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording,
or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.

Published by
Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
The Lypiatts
15 Lansdown Road
Cheltenham
Glos GL50 2JA
UK

Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.

William Pratt House
9 Dewey Court
Northampton
Massachusetts 01060
USA

A catalogue record for this book

is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Control Number: TO COME

This book is available electronically in the

Economics subject collection
DOI 10.4337/9781788119962
Contents

List of figuresx
List of tablesxi
List of contributorsxii
Acknowledgementsxix

1 Introduction to The Handbook on Diverse Economies: inventory as

ethical intervention 1
J.K. Gibson-Graham and Kelly Dombroski

PART I ENTERPRISE

2 Framing essay: the diversity of enterprise 26

Jenny Cameron

3 Worker cooperatives 40
Maliha Safri

4 Self-managed enterprise: worker-recuperated cooperatives in Argentina

and Latin America 48
Ana Inés Heras and Marcelo Vieta

5 Community enterprise: diverse designs for community-owned energy

infrastructure56
Jarra Hicks

6 Eco-social enterprises: ethical business in a post-socialist context 65

Nadia Johanisova, Lucie Sovová and Eva Fraňková

7 Enterprising new worlds: social enterprise and the value of repair 74

Isaac Lyne and Anisah Madden

8 Anti-mafia enterprise: Italian strategies to counter violent economies 82

Christina Jerne

9 State and community enterprise: negotiating water management in rural Ireland 90

Patrick Bresnihan and Arielle Hesse

10 Independent and small businesses: diversity amongst the 99 per cent of

businesses98
Peter North

11 Homo economicus and the capitalist corporation: decentring authority

and ownership 106
Jayme Walenta
v
vi  The handbook of diverse economies

PART II LABOUR

12 Framing essay: the diversity of labour 116

Katharine McKinnon

13 Precarious labour: Russia’s ‘other’ transition 129

Marianna Pavlovskaya

14 The persistence of informal and unpaid labour: evidence from UK households 137
Colin C. Williams and Richard J. White

15 Paid and unpaid labour: feminist economic activism in a diverse economy 146
Megan Clement-Couzner

16 Caring labour: redistributing care work  154

Kelly Dombroski

17 Non-human ‘labour’: the work of Earth Others 163

Elizabeth Barron and Jaqueline Hess

18 Collectively performed reciprocal labour: reading for possibility 170

Katherine Gibson

19 Informal mining labour: economic plurality and household survival strategies 179
Pryor Placino

20 Migrant women’s labour: sustaining livelihoods through diverse

economic practices in Accra, Ghana 186
Chizu Sato and Theresa Tufuor

PART III TRANSACTIONS

21 Framing essay: the diversity of transactions 195

Gradon Diprose

22 Gleaning: transactions at the nexus of food, commons and waste 206

Oona Morrow

23 Direct producer–consumer transactions: Community Supported

Agriculture and its offshoots 214
Ted White

24 Direct food provisioning: collective food procurement 223

Cristina Grasseni

25 Alternative currencies: diverse experiments 230

Peter North

26 Transacting services through time banking: renegotiating equality and

reshaping work 238
Gradon Diprose
 Contents  vii

27 Fair trade: market-based ethical encounters and the messy entanglements

of living well 246
Lindsay Naylor

28 Social procurement: generating social good through market transactions,

directly and indirectly 254
Joanne McNeill

29 Sharing cities: new urban imaginaries for diverse economies 262

Darren Sharp

PART IV PROPERTY

30 Framing essay: the diversity of property 271

Kevin St. Martin

31 Commoning property in the city: the ongoing work of making and remaking 283
Anna Kruzynski

32 Community land trusts: embracing the relationality of property 292

Louise Crabtree

33 Urban land markets in Africa: multiplying possibilities via a diverse

economy reading 300
Colin Marx

34 A Slow Food commons: cultivating conviviality across a range of

property forms 308
Melissa Kennedy

35 Free universities as academic commons 316

Esra Erdem

36 Diverse legalities: pluralism and instrumentalism 323

Bronwen Morgan and Declan Kuch

PART V FINANCE

37 Framing essay: the diversity of finance 332

Maliha Safri and Yahya M. Madra

38 Islamic finance: diversity within difference 346

Gemma Bone Dodds and Jane Pollard

39 Rotating savings and credit associations: mutual aid financing 354

Caroline Shenaz Hossein

40 Indigenous finance: treaty settlement finance in Aotearoa New Zealand 362

Maria Bargh
viii  The handbook of diverse economies

41 Community finance: marshalling investments for community-owned

renewable energy enterprises 370
Jarra Hicks

42 Hacking finance: experiments with algorithmic activism 379

Tuomo Alhojärvi

PART VI SUBJECTIVITY

43 Framing essay: subjectivity in a diverse economy 389

Stephen Healy, Ceren Özselçuk and Yahya M. Madra

44 More-than-human agency: from the human economy to ecological livelihoods 402

Ethan Miller

45 On power and the uses of genealogy for building community economies 411
Nate Gabriel and Eric Sarmiento

46 Techniques for shifting economic subjectivity: promoting an assets-based

stance with artists and artisans 419
Abby Templer Rodrigues

47 Affect and subjectivity: learning to be affected in diverse economies

scholarship428
Gerda Roelvink

48 Diverse subjectivities, sexualities and economies: challenging hetero-

and homonormativity 436
Gavin Brown

49 Journeys of postdevelopment subjectivity transformation: a shared

narrative of scholars from the majority world 444
Anmeng Liu, S.M. Waliuzzaman, Huong Thi Do, Ririn Haryani and Sonam Pem

PART VII METHODOLOGY

50 Framing essay: diverse economies methodology 453

Gerda Roelvink

51 Translating diverse economies in the Anglocene 467

Tuomo Alhojärvi and Pieta Hyvärinen

52 Reading for economic difference 476

J.K. Gibson-Graham

53 Field methods for assemblage analysis: tracing relations between

difference and dominance 486
Eric Sarmiento
 Contents  ix

54 Visualizing and analysing diverse economies with GIS: a resource for

performative research 493
Luke Drake

55 Working with Indigenous methodologies: Kaupapa Māori meets diverse

economies502
Joanne Waitoa and Kelly Dombroski

56 Action research for diverse economies 511

Jenny Cameron and Katherine Gibson

57 Focusing on assets: action research for an inclusive and diverse workplace 520
Leo Hwang

58 How to reclaim the economy using artistic means: the case of Company Drinks 527
Kathrin Böhm and Kuba Szreder
Figures

1.1 The diverse economies iceberg 10

14.1 Visualizing a multiplex of modes, difference and diversity of work 139

54.1 Overlay of 1940 neighbourhood data with a basemap of current locations

of stadium, parking lots, streets and residential areas 499

x
Tables

1.1 Enterprise diversity 11

1.2 Labour diversity 13

1.3 Transactions diversity 14

1.4 Property diversity 15

1.5 Finance diversity 17

5.1 Features of community enterprise 58

14.1 Labour practices used by UK households to complete 44 everyday tasks 142

15.1 Australian feminist activism in the diverse economy 151

38.1 Some forms of Islamic financial contract 349

40.1 Te Arawa entities 363

41.1 Forms of investment accessed by CORE enterprises 372

xi
Contributors

Tuomo Alhojärvi is a PhD candidate at the Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu,
Finland. His work explores diverse modes of postcapitalist theory and practice and focuses on
staying with the trouble of capitalocentric inheritances.
Maria Bargh teaches and researches in the area of Māori and Indigenous politics and resource
management. She is an Associate Professor in Māori Studies at the Victoria University of
Wellington.
Elizabeth Barron is an Associate Professor of Human Geography at the Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. Her research interests are broadly on under-
standing different knowledge systems for addressing human–environment challenges in the
areas of conservation and resource management, alternative economics, and sustainability.
She is currently developing a research project on the concept of emplaced sustainability.
From 2018–2021 she is serving as a coordinating lead author for an IPBES Assessment on the
Sustainable Use of Wild Species.
Kathrin Böhm is a London based artist whose collaborative work focuses on the collective
(re)production of public space, trade as public realm and the everyday as a starting point for
culture.
Patrick Bresnihan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at Trinity
College Dublin. He works across the interdisciplinary fields of political ecology, science
and technology studies, and environmental anthropology. His work to this effect, combines
in-depth empirical research and critical theory to examine questions of power, knowledge
and politics as they relate to nature and society. Research areas include the fisheries, the city,
water, and energy infrastructure.
Gavin Brown is a Professor of Political Geography and Sexualities at the University of
Leicester. He has written widely on LGBTQ lives and examined the diverse economies that
sustain them.
Jenny Cameron is a Conjoint Associate Professor in Geography and Environmental Studies
with the University of Newcastle, Australia, and is Secretary of the Community Economies
Institute. She is a co-author with J.K. Gibson-Graham and Stephen Healy of Take Back the
Economy: An Ethical Guide for Transforming Our Communities.
Megan Clement-Couzner is a feminist interdisciplinary scholar with a specialization in
labour, work and diverse economies.
Louise Crabtree is a Senior Research Fellow in the Institute for Culture and Society at Western
Sydney University. Her works focuses on community-led housing and urban sustainability.
Gradon Diprose is an environmental social science researcher at Manaaki Whenua Landcare
Research. He has a background in environmental planning and human geography, and is

xii
 Contributors  xiii

particularly interested in how people come together around shared concerns to create more
sustainable communities.
Huong Thi Do served as a government official in Vietnam, specializing in water resources
management and climate change adaptation. She has just submitted her PhD thesis with the
title ‘Embodied knowing for climate change adaptation interventions: Moving beyond moni-
toring and evaluation in Thai Binh, Vietnam’.
Gemma Bone Dodds recently completed her PhD in diverse economies of finance. She works
on alternative finance and banking systems, particularly in Scotland and has set up a systems
change consultancy ‘All In’ (allin.agency).
Kelly Dombroski is a feminist geographer based at the University of Canterbury, New
Zealand, researching in the area of community economies, postdevelopment and postcolonial
theory and practice.
Luke Drake is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography and Environmental
Studies at California State University, Northridge. His work focuses on the spatial networks
that link places together, and particularly how communities improve livelihoods by using local
resources and by connecting to other places through networks. Projects have included urban
agriculture and farmers’ markets in the USA and grassroots disaster response and resilience in
the Pacific Island nation of Vanuatu.
Esra Erdem is a Professor of Social Economics at Alice Salomon University Berlin. Her
fields of research include solidarity economies and the commons, Marxian political economy,
urban studies and migration studies.
Eva Fraňková is an ecological economist working at the Department of Environmental
Studies at Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic. She is interested in alternative eco-
nomic practices, eco-social enterprises, the social metabolism of local food systems, and the
concept of sustainable degrowth.
Nate Gabriel is an Assistant Teaching Professor in the Department of Geography at Rutgers
University. His research focuses on contemporary and historical struggles over urban
socio-natural systems, focusing especially on the relationship between economic development
and urban environmental politics.
Katherine Gibson, a Professorial Fellow at the Institute for Culture and Society at Western
Sydney University, is an economic geographer with an international reputation for innovative
research on economic transformation and over 30 years’ experience of working with commu-
nities to build resilient economies.
J.K. Gibson-Graham is the collective authorial presence that Katherine Gibson shares with
the late Julie Graham, Professor of Geography, University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Cristina Grasseni is a Professor of Anthropology at Leiden University, the Netherlands. Her
ethnographic work examines the politics of food heritage (The Heritage Arena, 2017) and the
different types, premises and consequences of collective forms of food production, distribution
and consumption in solidarity economy networks (Beyond Alternative Food Networks, 2013).
From a methodological point of view Grasseni is known for her ‘skilled visions’ approach to
visual ethnography (Skilled Visions, ed., 2007; Developing Skill, Developing Vision, 2009).
xiv  The handbook of diverse economies

Ririn Haryani is a PhD candidate based at the Department of Geography, University of

Canterbury currently doing research on women’s leadership in disaster management in
ASEAN countries using a postdevelopment lens.
Stephen Healy is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Culture and Society at Western
Sydney University. His research has concentrated on the relationship between economy,
subjectivity and the enactment of new modes of life across an array of concerns: health care
reform policy, cooperative and regional development, and the solidarity economy movement.
In each instance his abiding concern has been to apply insights from Marxian and psychoana-
lytic theory to understand the desires, fantasies and anxieties that compose the restive human
subject.
Ana Inés Heras is a National Researcher at the Argentinean Research and Technology
Council and a Professor at the University of San Martín, Argentina. She specializes in socio-
linguistics and ethnography for the study of learning processes in self-governed organizations.
Jaqueline Hess is a fungal evolutionary biologist at the University of Vienna. Her work
focuses on the evolution of different nutritional strategies in fungi, and in particular the
repeated emergence of symbiosis between plants and fungi.
Arielle Hesse is an environmental health geographer and postdoctoral researcher at Trinity
College Dublin working on the research project WISDOM: Learning from Group Water
Schemes, a study funded by the EPA to examine the development of community managed
water supplies in Ireland. Her research examines the regulatory politics of occupational and
environmental health exposures, drawing influence from environmental history, science and
technology studies, public health and health geography.
Jarra Hicks has a PhD in Law and Built Environment from University of New South Wales
and is the co-founder of the Community Power Agency, a not-for-profit workers’ cooperative
that supports communities to participate in the renewable energy transition. She is motivated
by the power that people are engaging every day to make real contributions to the sustainabil-
ity of their communities. She has co-founded and worked for a range of community organiza-
tions and social enterprises, from food to energy, advocacy to banking.
Caroline Shenaz Hossein is an Associate Professor in the Department of Social Science at
York University in Toronto, Canada. She is the author of Politicized Microfinance: Money,
Power and Violence in the Black Americas – winner of the 2018 Du Bois Distinguished Book
Award (University of Toronto Press, 2016); editor of The Black Social Economy: Exploring
Community-Based Diverse Markets (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018) and co-author of Business &
Society: A Critical Introduction (Zed Books, 2017). Currently she is working on her fourth
book project, Mutual Aid Groups among Black Women.
Leo Hwang is the Dean of Humanities at Greenfield Community College where, in addition to
his other duties, he engages in participatory action research with the community economies of
the creative economy and how asset-based community development can be utilized to address
diversity, equity and inclusion issues.
Pieta Hyvärinen is a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Social Sciences in Tampere University,
Finland, researching small-scale and subsistence food production from the perspective of
diverse economies and more-than-human nature.
 Contributors  xv

Christina Jerne is a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for Global Criminology. She spe-
cializes in economies of organized crime and political economy. She has consulted for several
enterprises on the themes of critical design and experience economy.
Nadia Johanisova is an ecological economist based at the Masaryk University, Czech
Republic. Her research is centred on heterodox economic practice and theory.
Melissa Kennedy teaches and researches in community planning and human geography,
specializing in community economic development. Her interdisciplinary research focuses on
community economies and rural regeneration including: community activism, commoning
and cultural and creative economies including local food and festivals.
Anna Kruzynski is an Associate Professor and activist based at Concordia University,
Quebec, conducting participatory action research on emancipatory economic initiatives at the
margins of the social economy.
Declan Kuch is a Research Fellow in the School of Humanities and Languages and the Centre
for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology at UNSW Sydney. His work connects
economic issues with public engagement practices in the life sciences, climate change policy
and energy systems.
Anmeng Liu is a PhD candidate based at the Department of Geography, University of
Canterbury, New Zealand. Her research is concerned with social transition and everyday lives
in county towns of northwestern China.
Isaac Lyne is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Institute of Culture and Society, Western
Sydney University (Australia), where he gained his PhD for a thesis on social enterprise and
community development in Cambodia. His disciplinary fields are human geography, devel-
opment studies and social enterprise. He lectures in development studies and previously coor-
dinated a British Council-funded social enterprise project at the Royal University of Phnom
Penh (Cambodia).
Anisah Madden is a PhD candidate at the Institute for Culture and Society, Western Sydney
University, and an activist working with transnational food sovereignty movements to push for
transformative transitions in food systems. Her participant-research in the UN Committee on
World Food Security imagines global food governance as caring for the planetary commons,
and how institutions affect our capacity to become commoners.
Yahya M. Madra teaches economics and history of economic thought at Drew University,
Madison NJ. Previously he taught at Skidmore and Gettysburg Colleges and Boğaziçi
University, Istanbul. His research interests include the history of neoliberal reason in eco-
nomics, the political economy of Turkey, economic alternatives, and the relationship between
Marxism and psychoanalysis.
Colin Marx is a development planner in The Bartlett Development Planning Unit, University
College London, researching postcolonial theorizations of African cities and their economies.
Katharine McKinnon is a human geographer and Tracy Banivanua-Mar Senior Research Fellow
at La Trobe University. She is also Director of the Community Economies Institute. Her work
engages with community economies, gender, development and care. Her current research in
xvi  The handbook of diverse economies

Australia and the Asia-Pacific focuses on women’s economic empowerment and community-based
indicators of gender equality, and on the politics of childbirth and maternity care.
Joanne McNeill is a Research Project Manager and Research Fellow currently working across
multiple universities. Her research and 15+ years’ prior professional experience engage with
social innovation ‘ecosystems’ – around social enterprise, cooperatives, social procurement,
financing, legal structures, capacity building and demonstrating ‘impact’. She is a Founding
Director of the Community Economies Institute and has been a Churchill Fellow since 2008.
Ethan Miller is an activist-scholar and homesteader committed to co-creating cooperative,
resilient and liberatory forms of collective livelihood. He lectures in environmental studies,
politics, and anthropology at Bates College, Maine, lives and farms at the Wild Mountain
Cooperative, and organizes for land justice with Land in Common community land trust. His
book, Ecological Livelihoods: Imagining Life Beyond Economy, Society, and Environment
was released in March 2019 by University of Minnesota Press.
Bronwen Morgan is a Professor of Law at UNSW Sydney and a socio-legal scholar with
a particular interest in how technocratic regulation shapes collective commitments to democ-
racy, conviviality and ecological sustainability. Her current research explores new and diverse
economies, mostly of the kind affiliated with solidarity and the creation of a commons, and the
tensions between these and recent developments in sharing or platform economies.
Oona Morrow is an Assistant Professor in Food Sociology with the Rural Sociology Group at
Wageningen University. Her work is broadly concerned with the economic politics of every-
day life, a theme she explores through the practice and politics of food provisioning in cities,
communities and households.
Lindsay Naylor is a feminist political geographer based at the University of Delaware, United
States, conducting research on diverse economies, decolonial praxis, and the geopolitics of
food systems from the global to the site of the body.
Peter North is Professor of Alternative Economies at the University of Liverpool, UK. His
research focuses on the social and solidarity economies as tools for constructing and rethink-
ing alternative geographies of money, entrepreneurship, and livelihoods.
Ceren Özselçuk is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul. Her
interests are economy and subjectivity, desire and enjoyment in diverse economies, and the
relation between psychoanalysis and Marxism. She is an editorial member and the managing
editor of Rethinking Marxism journal.
Marianna Pavlovskaya is a Professor of Geography at Hunter College and CUNY Graduate
Center, NY. Her research examines class and gender processes in Russia including the produc-
tion of poverty there. Most recently, her research focuses on the geographies of the solidarity
economy in the United States including its intersection with class, race and gender. In addition
to Marxian and feminist analytical categories, she uses mapping technologies and writes about
critical Geographic Information Science. She co-edited the book Rethinking Neoliberalism:
Resisting the Disciplinary Regime.
Sonam Pem is a consultant based in Bhutan. She studied a Master of Science in Water
Resource Management at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Her thesis ‘Negotiating
 Contributors  xvii

gross national happiness as community economy: A case study on Thimphu River’ was about
a river in Bhutan and how the current development pathway has affected the status of the
environment focusing around the river.
Pryor Placino is a PhD candidate at the Institute for Culture and Society, Western Sydney
University. His PhD dissertation examines how concrete is implicated in livelihoods of infor-
mal aggregate miners in the Philippines, and looks into the relation between livelihoods and
new building materials.
Jane Pollard is a Professor of Economic Geography at Newcastle University, UK. Her
research focuses on the social and spatial constitution of money and finance.
Abby Templer Rodrigues is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Missouri State
University. Her research interests are in community-based research, social inequality, and
economic development. Her research has included working collaboratively with academic and
community-based researchers to investigate the creative economy in rural communities.
Gerda Roelvink is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences and Psychology at
Western Sydney University. She is the author of Building Dignified Worlds: Geographies of
Collective Action and the co-editor of Making Other Worlds Possible: Performing Diverse
Economies, both published by University of Minnesota Press.
Maliha Safri is the Chair of and Associate Professor in the Economics Department at Drew
University NJ, and has taught and published on political economy and migration in many
journals and edited book collections. She has also been involved with popular education
seminars and courses with activists, especially with worker centres, and cooperatives in the NJ
and NY metropolitan area. For the last five years, she has been working on a National Science
Foundation-funded project examining the solidarity economy in New York City.
Eric Sarmiento is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at Texas State
University. His research examines the political, economic and cultural dimensions of urban
development, particularly with respect to environmental issues.
Chizu Sato does research at the intersection of transnational feminist studies, international
development studies, and political ecology and teaches at Wageningen University, the
Netherlands.
Darren Sharp is an urban transitions researcher with a PhD from Curtin University where he
undertook doctoral research into transformative urban experimentation funded by the CRC
for Low Carbon Living. His main research interests are sharing cities, urban governance, the
city as commons, urban living labs and social innovation. Darren is the Director of Social
Surplus, Australian editor of Shareable and co-author of Sharing Cities: Activating the Urban
Commons.
Lucie Sovová is a PhD candidate at the Department of Environmental Studies at Masaryk
University in Brno, Czech Republic, and member of the Rural Sociology group at Wageningen
University, the Netherlands. She is interested in non-capitalist economies particularly in rela-
tion to food provisioning.
Kevin St. Martin is an Associate Professor of Geography at Rutgers University. He is a human
geographer who works at the intersection of economic geography, political ecology, and crit-
xviii  The handbook of diverse economies

ical applications of GIScience. He is interested in critical analyses of economic and resource

management discourse as well as participatory projects engaging alternative economies. His
current research examines new forms of marine governance such as ecosystems-based man-
agement and marine spatial planning and their implications for economic and environmental
well-being.
Kuba Szreder is a curator and lecturer in art theory at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw.
Theresa Tufuor is a Director of Housing, in the Housing Directorate of the Ministry of Works
and Housing in Ghana. She holds a PhD from Wageningen University in the Netherlands. Her
research interests include issues associated with human settlements such as housing strategies,
financing and planning for female-headed households, housing development policy and land
tenure. In studying such issues she takes particular interest in the socio-material practices by
which social categories such as gender interact in the evolution of housing issues.
Marcelo Vieta is an Assistant Professor in the Program in Adult Education and Community
Development at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto
(OISE/UT) and co-founder and executive committee member of the Centre for Learning,
Social Economy and Work (CLSEW). Vieta’s research, teaching and activist interests are in
workplace and organizational learning and social change, social movement learning, critical
theory, community economies, social and solidarity economic initiatives, the worldwide
worker cooperative movement, and worker-recuperated enterprises.
Joanne Waitoa is a PhD candidate based at the School of Māori Studies at the Victoria
University of Wellington, New Zealand. Her work explores the diversity of Māori political
engagement and seeks to decentre mainstream narratives in political science.
Jayme Walenta is a feminist economic geographer teaching at the University of Texas,
Austin. Her research area broadly concerns the spatial and social justice dimensions of envi-
ronmental policies.
S.M. Waliuzzaman is a human geographer and urban planner. He is a PhD candidate at the
Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, New Zealand. His research is concerned
with the place making process in the slum area of Bangladesh. He is interested in the study of
space, people–place relation, qualitative GIS and visualization.
Richard J. White is a Reader in Human Geography based at Sheffield Hallam University,
UK. Greatly influenced by anarchist praxis, his research explores a range of ethical, economic
and activist landscapes underpinned by questions of social and spatial justice.
Ted White is an interdisciplinary scholar and filmmaker who teaches geography and film
production in New England. His work at NGOs and in higher education explores diversity and
sustainability through self-inquiry.
Colin C. Williams is Professor of Public Policy in the Management School at the University
of Sheffield, UK. He is currently working full-time as adviser to the European Commission’s
European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work (2016–2020).
Acknowledgements

A book this lengthy and diverse does not come about without input from a large number of
people. First we would like to thank Matthew Pitman at Edward Elgar for suggesting the
project and following it to completion. Way back when the Handbook was first proposed
we received wonderful suggestions and guidance from many members of the Community
Economies Research Network (CERN), for which we are very grateful. We would especially
like to thank those members of the CERN who contributed topic chapters for the time, energy
and enthusiasm they have put into this project. They have helped to realize our vision for
a book that was accessible to people all over the world. A very special thanks is due to the
authors of the framing essays: Jenny Cameron, Gradon Diprose, Stephen Healy, Yahya M.
Madra, Katharine McKinnon, Ceren Özselçuk, Gerda Roelvink, Maliha Safri and Kevin St.
Martin. They helped us frame not just their chapters but our approach to this Handbook overall,
as well as assisting us with reviewing. To Ilene Grabel and George DeMartino we owe a huge
debt of gratitude for their insightful and supportive input and generous reviewing of drafts for
all of us. Thanks also to Maria Bargh and Yvonne Underhill-Sem for extra reviewing. We also
are very grateful to Sandra Davenport for stepping out of retirement to once again provide her
excellent copyediting and indexing skills to support one of our publications.
We acknowledge generous financial support from the Julie Graham Community Economies
Research Fund and the Institute for Culture and Society at Western Sydney University pro-
vided financial support for copyediting and a conducive environment for the kind of focus that
editing this volume has required.
We would like to acknowledge an Erskine Fellowship from the University of Canterbury
that supported Kelly’s travel in 2018, including time in Sydney and Italy working on this book.
Thanks to David Conradson who took on parts of Kelly’s teaching duties during two periods of
leave contributing to this book, and to Peyman Zawar-Reza who distributed her departmental
administration elsewhere.
We would also like to thank our families who, as usual, offered their support and encour-
agement (distractions!) in multiple ways. Katherine thanks David, Daniel and Lillian Tait for
their ongoing familial support and entertaining texts. Kelly thanks Travis, Imogen, Analiese,
Emmaus and Casimir Dombroski for all such support and grounding in real life, as well as
a team of extras that enabled her to return to editing work alongside caring for a newborn baby.
This Handbook is the productive outcome of J.K. Gibson-Graham’s invitation for scholars
to contribute to the Diverse Economies research programme that she offered in the 2006
Progress in Human Geography Annual Lecture at the Chicago meetings of the Association of
American Geographers. We would like to thank Roger Lee for the invitation to present this
lecture and his unfailing support for our work. In just over one decade this field has prolifer-
ated in ways JKGG would never have imagined possible and our one regret is that Julie did
not live to see this flourishing.

xix
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