BIOL 2402 Lab 5 Vital Signs Lab 2

A&P II Lab #5 Name: _______________________
VITAL SIGNS II
LAB PROCEDURE
In a previous lab, students were tasked with taking vital sign measurements. This week you will
explore how various activities or exposures can modify heart rate and blood pressure. By
understanding how these vital processes are affected by various factors, students will learn
some of the basic pathways and mechanisms by which the nervous system modulates
cardiovascular physiology.
In addition to assessing vital functions, students will have an opportunity to work with different
anatomical models of the heart. A list of structures students are expected to know can be
found at the end of this document.
Exercise 1 – Ice water exposure (cold pressor test)
In this exercise you and your lab partner(s) will compare baseline pulse rate and blood pressure
measurements with those taken immediately following a one minute exposure of one hand to
ice water.
1) Hypothesize what effects you expect ice water exposure to the hand will have on BP and
pulse rate. Explain your reasoning.
2) Take a baseline BP and pulse rate reading and enter the data in the table below.
3) Now submerge your other hand (from the arm not used in BP measurement) in the ice
water and leave it submerged for 1 minute, or as long as you can tolerate it.
4) Immediately after withdrawing your hand, measure your BP and pulse rate data and
enter the data into the table below.
Baseline (BP) ________ / ________ (pulse rate) ________ / ________
Post treatment (BP) ________ / ________ (pulse rate) ________ / ________

5) Did the data support your hypothesis?
Exercise 2 – Lukewarm water exposure
measurements with those taken immediately following a one minute exposure of one hand to
lukewarm water.
1) Hypothesize what effects you expect lukewarm water exposure will have on BP and
2) Take another baseline BP and pulse rate reading and enter the data in the table below.
3) Now submerge your other hand (from the arm not used in BP measurement) in the
lukewarm water and leave it submerged for 1 minute.
4) Immediately after withdrawing your hand, measure your BP and enter the data into the
table below.
5) How did these results compare with those observed after exposure of the hand to ice
water (exercise 1)? What might account for any differences? Did the data support your
hypothesis?
Exercise 3 – Ice water exposure (dive response)
measurements with those taken immediately following a 30 second exposure of the face to ice
water.
1) Hypothesize what effects you expect ice water exposure of the face will have on BP and
2) Take a baseline BP and pulse rate reading and enter the data in the table below.
3) Now submerge your face in the ice water and leave it submerged for 30 seconds, or as
long as you can tolerate it.
4) Immediately after withdrawing your hand, measure your BP and pulse rate data and
enter the data into the table below.
5) How did these results compare with those observed after exposure of the hand to ice
water (exercise 1)? What might account for any differences? Did the data support your
hypothesis?
Exercise 4 – Exercise
measurements with those taken at different intervals following physical exertion.
1) Hypothesize what effects you expect physical exercise will have on BP and pulse rate.
Explain your reasoning.
2) Take another baseline BP and pulse rate reading and enter the data in the table below.
3) Now exit the lab and run up and down the nearest staircase 3 times to increase your
physical activity.
4) Immediately afterwards, record your vital data in the data table below. Repeat this
measurement every 2 minutes for up to 6 minutes after you stopped exercising. Record
all results in the data table below.
Post treatment (0 min) (BP) ________ / ________ (pulse rate) ________ / ________
5) Did the data support your hypothesis? What happened to your BP and pulse rate over
time following exercise? Why does this happen?
Exercise 5 – Relaxation/Meditation
measurements with those taken following a 2 minute period of relaxation/meditation.
1) Hypothesize what effects you expect relaxation/meditation will have on BP and pulse
rate. Explain your reasoning.
2) Take another baseline BP reading and enter the data in the table below.
3) Now close your eyes and attempt to slow your heart rate by peacefully meditating for
two minutes. Try to filter out noise from the lab while taking slow breaths and
remaining as calm and relaxed as possible. It may help to think about something
comforting as you keep your eyes closed.
4) Immediately following the 2 minute period of relaxation, record your vital data in the
table below.
5) Did the data support your hypothesis?

Exercise 6 – Cardiovascular system and neurophysiology of the heart
Answer the following questions. You may use your textbook, the internet or any lab resources
available to do so. Don’t hesitate to discuss your answers with your lab instructor.
1. What is name of the structure that serves as the pacemaker for the heart? Where is this
structure located?
2. What are the two major sources of nervous innervation to the heart? Which autonomic
division does each belong to? Where, anatomically, do these nerves originate? What
neurotransmitters are released by each type of nerve? What types of postsynaptic
receptors are located on the cardiac cells?
3. How is the distribution of cardiac neural innervation different for each autonomic
division? What are the consequences of this arrangement?
4. Provide a neurological mechanism for how different exposures or stimuli (exercise,
water immersion, meditation etc.) affect cardiac output. Refer to your text and be as
specific as possible.
5. Write out the correct pathway for blood flow through the systemic and pulmonary
circuits of the heart and blood vessels.
Exercise 7 – Heart model anatomy
Be able to identify the following structures on any of the different heart models on display in
the lab.
Be able to answer functional questions about these structures.
Chambers
• L and R ventricles
• L and R atria
• L and R auricles
Blood vessels
• Aorta and its branches:
o brachiocephalic trunk
o L common carotid artery
o L subclavian artery
• Pulmonary trunk and arteries
• Ligamentum arteriosum (what is the fetal structure that gives rise to this?)
• Superior and inferior vena cavae
• Pulmonary veins
• L and R coronary artery and its branches:
o Anterior interventricular artery (or LAD, left anterior descending artery)
o Posterior interventricular artery (or PDA, posterior descending artery)
o Circumflex artery
o Right marginal artery
• Coronary sinus and its branches:
o Great cardiac vein
o Middle cardiac vain
o Small cardiac vein
o Anterior cardiac vein
Internal structures
• SA node (where would it be on the model?)
• Fossa ovalis (what is the fetal structure which gives rise to this?)
• Interventricular septum
• Bicuspid valve (what other 2 names are used to refer to this valve?)
• Tricuspid valve (what other name is used to refer to this valve?)
• Aortic SL (semilunar) valve
• Pulmonary SL valve
• Pectinate muscles
• Papillary muscles
• Chordae tendineae
• Trabeculae carneae

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A&P II Lab #5 Name: _______________________

Exercise 1 – Ice water exposure (cold pressor test)

Baseline (BP) / (pulse rate) /

Post treatment (BP) / (pulse rate) /

Exercise 2 – Lukewarm water exposure

Baseline (BP) / (pulse rate) /

Post treatment (BP) / (pulse rate) /

Baseline (BP) / (pulse rate) /

Post treatment (BP) / (pulse rate) /

Baseline (BP) / (pulse rate) /

Baseline (BP) / (pulse rate) /

Post treatment (BP) / (pulse rate) /

5) Did the data support your hypothesis?

Be able to answer functional questions about these structures.

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