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 Module 1 in HOPE 12
“Introduction to Dance”

I. INTRODUCTION
According to Barbara Mettler, 1980, “Dance is an
activity which can take many forms and fill many different
needs. It can be recreation, entertainment, education,
therapy, and religion. In its purest and most basic form,
dance is an art, the art of body movement.”
This module on dance includes rhythmical
movement patterns; the promotion and appreciation of
Philippine folk dance, indigenous and traditional dances as
well as other dance forms. In this module, you will have a
better understanding on the concept of dance as an activity which can help you improve your
health and well-being. Engaging in physical activities is just one of the big ways to improve your
physique, and dancing is an activity where your whole body is working. This is a form of
exercise where you get to have fun and enjoy moving to the beat at the same time helping your
body improve and keep yourself healthy. LET’S JOIN THE MOVEMENT AND LIVE HEALTHY!

II. LEARNING TARGETS

A. Objectives
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. discuss the importance of dance to one’s overall well-being;
2. relate the different elements of dance as an art form;
3. observe the different elements of dance across multiple genres;
4. learn the importance of folk dances as an integral part of culture;
5. learn and practice the basic folk dance steps;
6. create a simple folk-dance routine through the application and modification of the basic steps;

B. Materials
1. Good internet connection (for ONLINE learners)
2. Videography equipment (camera, smartphone and etc.) for the performance task

C. General Instructions
1. For ONLINE learners, a soft copy of the worksheet will be uploaded along with this
module.

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 Lesson 1: Types of Dances

DANCE

Getting Started!
Generally, we define dance as a form of art using rhythmic
bodily movements that expresses ideas and emotions, mostly
accompanied by music. As such, we can consider dancing as one of
the most common forms of recreation and socialization as it is a series
of fluid movement that transcends function and becomes a form of
communication. Indeed, there is so much to be said about dancing but
have you ever wondered, where and how did it come to be?

The History of Dance

Dance has always been with us even before the arrival of written language and modern
history, when our earliest ancestors evolved utilizing oral and performance methods to pass
stories from one generation to the next. Many historians believe that social, celebratory, and
ritual dances are one of the essential factors of
the development of early human civilizations.
The earliest findings have pinpointed the
origins of ancient dances in 9000-year-old India
or 5300-year-old Egypt, but the records of
more common infusion of dance into modern
culture can be found in Ancient Greece,
China, and India. All these old dances
evolved eventually morphing into a wide
variety of Roman and European medieval
dances, traditional Chinese dances, Hindi
and other traditional dances, respectively.

Let’s See!
The timeline of the history of dancing goes as far as
we can remember. For us to see how dancing
slowly progressed, visit the link given and then
watch and carefully analyze the video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4A5tHylCp4

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Let’s Think!
Based on the video you have watched; would
you agree that the ‘art of dancing’ has undergone a
drastic evolution throughout time? If so, what kind of
changes occurred? Cite a concrete observation and
then explain your answer in 4 – 5 sentences.
(Content: 3pts; Organization of ideas: 2pts)

Dancing has a lot of benefits that can positively impact our

well-being. It develops cardiovascular and muscular
endurance, it improves our coordination, it helps keep the
brain sharp, and it encourages positive social interaction,
and even promotes cultural values.
Before we proceed, let us have a recap of the essential
elements of a dance.
Elements of Dance

• Body
• Action
• Space
• Time
• Energy

Body
In dancing, the body is the mobile figure or shape, felt by
the dancer and seen by the audience. The body is
sometimes still, and sometimes changing as the dancer
moves in place or travels through the dance floor. Dancers
may emphasize specific parts of their body in a dance
phrase or use their whole body all at once. Another way to
describe the body in dance is to consider the body
systems. Muscles, bones, organs, breath, balance, and
reflexes.
Action
Action is any human movement included in the act of
dancing. It can include dance steps, facial movements,
gestures, and even simple everyday movements such as
walking. A dance is made up of streams of movements
and pauses, so action refers not only to steps and
sequences, but also to the moments of pauses and
relative stillness. Dancers may use movements that have

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been choreographed or traditional dances taught by others who know the dances.

Space
Dancers interact with space in several ways. They may
stay in one place or they may travel from one place to
another. They may alter the direction, level, size, and
pathways of their movements. In dancing, an individual
may focus their movement and attention outwardly to the
space or inwardly, into themselves.
Time
Human movement is naturally rhythmic in the broad sense
that we alternate activity and rest. Breath and waves are
examples of rhythms in nature that repeat, but not as
consistently as in a metered and measured rhythm. As
such, time is an important element in dance since it allows
for the distinct paces of all the other elements to shine
through.

Energy
Energy is all about how the movements happen. Choices
about energy include variations in movement flow and the
use of force, tension, and weight. An arm gesture might be
easily stopped or free flowing, and it may be powerful or
gentle, tight or loose, heavy or light. A dancer may step into
any position with a sharp, percussive attack or with light,
flowing ease. Energy in dance may change in an instant.

ELEMENTS OF DANCE

Let’s See!
Visit the URL links below to view the examples. Carefully watch and observe the dance
routine, the movements, and the application of the other dance elements. After watching, list
down and explain your observations in terms of how the elements of dance were expressed.
Accomplish the activity in the worksheet provided.
A. Hip-Hop: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mg6-SnUl0A0

BODY

ACTION

SPACE

TIME

ENERGY

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B. Ballet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zV1qLYukTH8

BODY

ACTION

SPACE

TIME

ENERGY

Keep it up!

Now that we already know the elements of dance, let us proceed to the different genres,
starting with the first one which is Folk Dance.

Folk Dance

As time passed by, customs and beliefs got established little

by little. As it progressed, these customs and beliefs slowly
transitioned into tradition. A folk dance is actually one of the
strongest ways these traditions can be showcased. In
essence, these dances emphasize the roots or history of a
particular culture.

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Folk Dance in the Philippines

Folkloric dance showcases the “history” of the people through movement. In some
cultures, pale fragments of it survive throughout centuries of invasions and diasporas. In the
Philippines, folk dance is a strong and enduring indigenous expression.
Before the recorded history of the Philippines, before the Spanish conquistadors
conquered and Christianized the populace, from the earliest occupation of this volcanic
archipelago, the people danced. They danced to please the gods, to carry favor from powerful
spirits, to celebrate a hunt or harvest, and to mimic the life forms around them. They danced
their stories and their rituals, their rites of passage and their remembered legends and history.
Our country has been a haven for folk dances. In all places in the Philippines, folk
dances are seen, and enjoyed by everyone. It is mostly performed in festivals and occasions.
Here are some of the examples of folk dances here in the Philippines. For OFFLINE learners, a
copy of the examples will be provided. For ONLINE learners, links to the video examples are
provided below. Watch the examples carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Idudu: A Snapshot of Ancient Culture

From Abra, Cordillera comes the Idudu, which is a

celebration of the family as the fundamental
building block of Philippine culture. Depicting a
typical day in the life of a family, the father is
shown working in the fields while the mother cares
for the children. As soon as the father is done, the
mother goes into the fields to continue the work
while the father goes back to the house to put the
baby to sleep. A singer usually provides a well-
known lullaby during this part of the dance, and it
emphasizes the necessity of cooperation and
mutual support in the Tingulan family structure.

Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmYFiMY_Jos

Maglalatik: The Dance of War

A dance from before the conversion of the
Philippines to Christianity is called the Maglalatik. It
represents a fierce battle between the Moro
tribesmen (wearing red trousers) and the Christian

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soldiers from Spain (wearing blue). Both groups wear harnesses with coconut shells attached
tightly to their bodies which are struck repeatedly with other shells held in the hands. Originally
from Biñan, Laguna province, it is now one of the most common dances in Philippine folk dance.

Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-MJZEJ9T5U

Pandanggo sa Ilaw: Grace and Balance

It came from the Spanish word fandango, this dance is

designed to show off the grace, balance, and dexterity of
the performers. Three glasses of wine (or, in modern times,
water or a candle) are held in hands and on top of the
dancers' heads as they move, never spilling a drop.

Example:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wu8XqO0knYg

Let’s See!

1. From the 3 examples given, choose one which struck you the most and give your
observations. Why do you find it interesting? Elaborate on the details of the performance in
terms of the elements of dance. What makes that type of dance unique and stand out
compared to the other types of dances? Express your answer in no less than 5 sentences.
(Content: 3pts; Organization of ideas: 2pts)

2. How did the traditional folk dances influence the genres of dances today? Give a concrete
example and then explain your answer briefly in 3-5 sentences. (Content: 3pts; Organization
of ideas: 2pts)

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 Let us Reflect!

Folk dance or dancing itself is a very fun and exciting activity, yet some people don’t
seem to like it that much. But why? Read the article below to learn more.
We know that children and young people’s participation in dance has decreased in the
past few years as statistics from various surveys all point to falling numbers. Linda Jasper,
Director of Youth Dance England, wrote recently that dance remains “a marginalized art form,
with significant reductions in participation both in and outside school”. This reduction in young
people accessing dance, and the multitude of benefits it offers, needs to be addressed.

The consequences of young people not accessing dance in any shape or form, but
particularly in school and for free, means that the next generation will be less artistically
conscious, less aware of their own bodies, understand less about what dance is, potentially
have lower self-confidence and perhaps be less active. I could go on, as the list of benefits from
taking part in dance is huge and far-ranging, but the question is what can we do about this
situation.

Source: https://www.artsprofessional.co.uk/magazine/289/case-study/inspired-dance

1. As cited in the article, the youth of today seem to be more distant to dancing as an art form.
Identify and then explain 2 barriers that hinder the appreciation and promotion of the
different folk dances. Then, discuss a practical solution to overcome the barriers you have
identified. (Scoring guide: Content – 3 pts, Organization of thought – 2 pts)

BARRIERS SOLUTIONS

Here is a video of people from other countries dancing one of our Philippine folk dances,
“Jota de Manila.” Click the link below and watch the video, ponder on the message of the video
then answer the question that follow.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCi3hQReT30

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2. As the youth of today, do you agree that folk dances are effective tools that contribute to
the development of one’s culture? Why or why not?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Review!
Before we move on, let us learn and review the basic steps of a folk dance. Below are
links of two videos that present the basic steps of a traditional folk dance. For OFFLINE
learners, a copy of the videos will be provided. For ONLINE learners, links to the video
examples are provided below. Remember, learning the basic steps is essential since most of
the dances make use of these basic steps.

Basic Steps of Folk Dance:

Please click on the links below.
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjt7q2idCBQ
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzBskA77nuQ

Wait! There’s More to Dancing Than

What Meets the Eye…

You see, learning how to dance and dancing

itself is fun, but dancing isn’t only beneficial for our
physical health, but also our mental and emotional
health. During this time of pandemic, a lot of
people across all age are being challenged with
maintaining not only physical fitness, but mental
and emotional well-being as well.
With all of the changes occurring today, we
can consider dancing as one of the activities we could engage in in order to cope up with our
current situation. So that we could see how dancing could help our mental and emotional health,
please visit the link below and then carefully watch the video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4BFGY7EGgo

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Evolution of Dancing in the New Normal

Our current situation right now has pushed us to innovate new ways of engaging in the
performing arts. Normally, dancing has been presented through a live performance. However,
as times have changed, various methods of presentation have begun to take form.
Nowadays we have learned to
utilize various social media platforms to
present our dances and let the audience
view or watch presentations from
virtually anywhere.
Below is an example of a
folkdance performance with a touch of a
modern twist. Visit the link given and
then watch the video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqonrBvPv_A

Great!
You are now ready for the Performance Task!

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 Main Performance Task

Let’s Get Moving!

Dancing is seen as one of the most effective ways to keep ourselves healthy and fit. As
we learn to live through this pandemic, we must be able to adapt in order to maintain an optimal
level of physical and psychological well-being. During these times, it is a must for us to possess
a positive mindset and go back to the age old saying that “health is our wealth” (S). As
advocates (R) for health and wellness, let us use our creativity in coming up with a simple dance
performance (P) as a tool in order to celebrate the beauty of our cultural dances, and as a
coping mechanism to safeguard our physical, psychological, and emotional health (G). Your
dance routine will be viewed by your teacher, (A) and will be graded according to choreography,
execution, and mastery. (S)
General Guidelines:
Now that you have learned the basic steps of a traditional folk dance, it is time for you to try it
out! Since we are in a state of pandemic which restricts us from socializing with our friends and
classmates, we shall create a simple folk-dance routine video at home. Using what you have
learned from the video, create a sequence for a simple folk-dance routine by combining and
modifying the basic steps. The music selection will be up to you (please choose appropriate folk
dance music), and your video should be 2-3 minutes long. Date of submission shall be
discussed during our synchronous online lesson, and for questions/concerns, you may present
them during our online consultation. Given below is the rubric in scoring the mini-performance
task. Good luck and more importantly, HAVE FUN!

RUBRIC:
FOLK DANCE ROUTINE
Main Performance Task
OUTSTANDING SATISFACTORY DEVELOPING BEGINNING
(10) (8) (6) (4)

Choreography The performer The performer The The performer

was well- was well- choreography needs more
prepared and prepared and showed signs of time for
confident. A confident and the planning and preparation and
good variety of choreography preparation planning as
steps were used and sequence however, most he/she only
and the was well of the steps made use of a
sequence was planned. were repeated in small variety of
well planned However, some succession and steps
steps were over were over throughout the
utilized in some utilized routine
parts
Execution The dance The dance Some parts Most parts of
routine was well routine was well were not the dance
executed and executed. executed routine were not
the performer However, properly and executed
was enthusiastic enthusiasm and most of the properly. Energy
and energetic energy were performance and enthusiasm
throughout the lacking in a few lacked energy are severely
performance parts of the and enthusiasm lacking
routine

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 Mastery The performer The performer The performer More practice is
showed a high showed a high showed a needed as the
degree of degree of satisfactory performer
mastery through mastery degree of improvised the
very precise however, it is mastery in most steps in most
movements evident that a parts of the parts of the
few parts were performance. performance
improvised on Some of the
the spot steps were
improvised on
the spot
Stage The performer The performer The performer The performer
Presence was able to draw was able to was able to was generally
the audience in communicate communicate focused, but
to want to watch with the with his/her only few
him/her. He/she audience through audience. attempts were
was able to eye contact and However, made to grab
engage the facial and body he/she became attention of the
audience expression. distracted in audience
completely some parts. throughout the
through the course of the
performance. performance.

Modes of Submission:

• For ONLINE learners, you may answer directly on the softcopy file of the assessment
template and then save it using the filename – HOPE12.lastname (ex. HOPE12.Galbis).

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 REFERENCES

Books:
1. TOLITOL, M. et al. 2014. HOPE: Health-Optimizing Physical Education: Recreational
Activities. Quezon City: Vibal Publishing House, Inc.

Internet Sources:
1. http://www.dancefacts.net/dance-list/folk-dance/
2. https://dance.lovetoknow.com/PhilippineFolkDanceHistory
3. http://www.ecddancecompany.com/portfolio-view/idudu/
4. https://tradionaldances.wordpress.com/2018/09/26/ang-maglalatik/
5. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/387661480397715509/
6. https://www.artsprofessional.co.uk/magazine/289/case-study/inspired-dance
7. http://www.dancefacts.net/

Videos:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmYFiMY_Jos

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjt7q2idCBQ
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzBskA77nuQ

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