Nankana Sahib Master Plan Complete (Draft)

MASTER PLANNING OF NANKANA SAHIB
_____________________________________________________________________
SESSION 2015-19
BS - CRP
________________________________________________________________________
DEPARTMENT OF CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING

LAHORE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN UNIVERSITY,
LAHORE
2019
CONTENTS
Title Page
No.
LIST OF TABLES..............................................................................................................i
LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................xi
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................xii
Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION TO NANKANA SAHIB..............................................2
1.1. Location................................................................................................................2
1.2. Location Map........................................................................................................2
1.3. Existing Situation..................................................................................................3
1.3.1. Urban Form....................................................................................................3
1.3.2. Urban Growth Pattern....................................................................................3
1.3.3. SWOT Analysis.............................................................................................4
1.3.4. Future Growth................................................................................................5
1.4. Historic Profile......................................................................................................7
1.5. Religious Buildings at Nankana Sahib.................................................................9
1.5.1. Masjid Quba...................................................................................................9
1.5.2. Gurdwara Janam Asthan..............................................................................10
1.5.3. Gurdwara Bal Lilah.....................................................................................10
1.5.4. Gurdwara Patti Sahib...................................................................................11
1.5.5. Gurdwara Mall Ji Sahib...............................................................................11
1.5.6. Gurdwara Kiara Sahib.................................................................................12
1.5.7. Gurdwara Tambu Sahib...............................................................................12
1.5.8. Gurdwara Guru Hargobind Sahib................................................................13
1.5.9. Gurdwara Nihang Singhan..........................................................................13
1.6. Limitations..........................................................................................................14
Chapter 2 – DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF NANKANA SAHIB...........................16
2.1. Demography........................................................................................................16
2.2. Population Projection by Arithmetic Method.....................................................17
2.3. Physical Features................................................................................................19
2.3.1. Main Crops..................................................................................................19
2.3.2. Vegetables....................................................................................................19
2.3.3. Forests..........................................................................................................19
2.3.4. Livestock......................................................................................................20
2.4. Spatial Organization...........................................................................................20
2.5. Employment & Unemployment..........................................................................20
2.6. Industry...............................................................................................................21
2.7. Service Delivery.................................................................................................23
2.7.1. Water Supply...............................................................................................23
2.7.2. Sewerage......................................................................................................23
2.7.3. Storm Water Drainage.................................................................................24
2.7.4. Transport......................................................................................................24
2.7.5. Refuse Collection & Disposal.....................................................................25
Chapter 3 – ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF NANKANA SAHIB.....................27
3.1. Climate of Nankana Sahib..................................................................................27
3.2. Environmental Issues..........................................................................................27
3.3. Urbanization & Commercialization....................................................................27
3.4. Services in Environmental Perspective...............................................................28
3.4.1. Sewage & Street Run-Off............................................................................28
3.4.2. Drainage Network........................................................................................28
3.4.3. Drinking Water Quality...............................................................................28
3.4.4. Solid Waste Management............................................................................28
3.4.5. Air................................................................................................................29
3.4.6. Industrialization...........................................................................................30
3.5. Conclusion..........................................................................................................32
Chapter 4 – IDENTIFICATION OF PLANNING PROBLEMS IN NANKANA
SAHIB...............................................................................................................................34
4.1. Sewerage & Drainage.........................................................................................34
4.1.1. Major Issues.................................................................................................35
4.2. Solid Waste Management...................................................................................36
4.2.1. Existing Details of SWM in Nankana Sahib...............................................36
4.2.2. Irregularities Observed in Domestic Solid Waste Management..................37
4.2.3. Major Issues.................................................................................................37
4.3. Water Supply System..........................................................................................38
4.3.1. Major Issues.................................................................................................39
4.4. Transportation System........................................................................................40
4.4.1. Main Roads..................................................................................................40
4.4.2. Major Urban Roads......................................................................................40
4.4.3. Physical Condition of Intra-City Roads.......................................................41
4.4.3.1. Mangtanwala Road...............................................................................41
4.4.3.2. Bucheki Road.......................................................................................41
4.4.3.3. Warburton Road...................................................................................42
4.4.4. Bus Stops.....................................................................................................43
4.4.5. Railway Line................................................................................................43
4.4.6. Major Issues in Transportation Sector.........................................................44
4.4.6.1. Increased Traffic Volume in Inner Suburbs.........................................44
4.4.6.2. Inefficient Local Transportation System..............................................45
4.4.6.3. Poor Traffic Management on Inner City Roads...................................45
4.4.6.4. Limited Private Sector Role.................................................................45
4.4.6.5. Limited Public Awareness....................................................................45
4.4.6.6. Inadequacy of Traffic Management Laws & Authorities.....................46
4.4.6.7. Absence of Urban Transport Service....................................................46
4.5. Industrial Waste Management............................................................................46
4.5.1. Major Issues.................................................................................................46
Chapter 5 – DATA ANALYSIS OF NANKANA SAHIB MASTER PLANNING
SURVEYS.........................................................................................................................48
5.1. Demographic Survey..........................................................................................48
5.1.1. Gender of Respondents................................................................................48
5.1.2. Age of Respondents.....................................................................................49
5.1.3. Marital Status of Respondents.....................................................................49
5.1.4. Language Spoken by Respondents..............................................................50
5.1.5. Education Level of Respondents.................................................................51
5.1.6. Religion of Respondents..............................................................................52
5.1.7. Nationality of Respondents..........................................................................53
5.1.8. Family Structure of Respondents.................................................................54
5.1.9. Number of People in Respondent’s Family.................................................55
5.1.10. Number of Households in Respondent’s House........................................56
5.1.11. Number of Earning Members in Respondent’s Family.............................57
5.2. Commercial Survey............................................................................................58
5.2.1. Type of Commercial Activity......................................................................58
5.2.2. Type of Commercial Area...........................................................................59
5.2.3. Nature of the Shop.......................................................................................60
5.2.4. Area of the Shop..........................................................................................61
5.2.5. Frontage of the Shop....................................................................................62
5.2.6. Access Road Width of Shop........................................................................63
5.2.7. Encroached Area of the Shop......................................................................64
5.2.8. Purpose of Encroachment of the Shop.........................................................65
5.2.9. Tenure of the Shop.......................................................................................66
5.2.10. Existence of Business................................................................................67
5.2.11. Daily Working Hours................................................................................68
5.2.12. Property Value of Shop.............................................................................69
5.2.13. Daily Revenue Generated..........................................................................70
5.2.14. Parking Availability...................................................................................71
5.2.15. Stock Loading & Unloading Time............................................................72
5.2.16. Vehicle Used for Stock Loading & Unloading..........................................73
5.2.17. Existence/Availability of Utility Services.................................................74
5.2.18. Willingness for Initiation of any Rehabilitation Program by the
Government...........................................................................................................75
5.2.19. Willingness for Participation in any Renewal Program Commenced by the
Government...........................................................................................................76
5.2.20. Terms of Participation in Case of Willingness..........................................77
5.2.21. Presence of Solid Waste Disposal System.................................................78
5.2.22. Height of Shop/Plaza.................................................................................79
5.2.23. Condition of Shop......................................................................................80
5.3. Education Survey................................................................................................81
5.3.1. Level of Education Provided.......................................................................81
5.3.2. Ownership of Institution..............................................................................82
5.3.3. Type of Ownership......................................................................................83
5.3.4. Institution Type............................................................................................84
5.3.5. Number of Boys Enrolled............................................................................85
5.3.6. Number of Girls Enrolled............................................................................86
5.3.7. Total Number of Teachers...........................................................................87
5.3.8. Qualification Level of Teachers..................................................................88
5.3.9. Number of Classrooms................................................................................89
5.3.10. Types of Science Labs...............................................................................90
5.3.11. Number of Computer Labs........................................................................91
5.3.12. Number of Computers in Lab....................................................................92
5.3.13. Availability of Lab Attendants..................................................................93
5.3.14. Total Number of Attendants......................................................................94
5.3.15. Availability of Library...............................................................................95
5.3.16. Number of Books in Library......................................................................96
5.3.17. Facility of Hostel.......................................................................................97
5.3.18. Availability of Canteen..............................................................................98
5.3.19. Condition of Institution Building...............................................................99
5.3.20. Availability of Electricity Facility...........................................................100
5.3.21. Availability of Telephone Service...........................................................101
5.3.22. Availability of Water Supply Service......................................................102
5.3.23. Availability of Sewerage & Drainage Facility........................................103
5.3.24. Availability of Solid Waste Collection Facility.......................................104
5.3.25. Availability of Dispensary Service..........................................................105
5.3.26. Proper Road Access.................................................................................106
5.3.27. Availability of School Bus.......................................................................107
5.3.28. Availability of Washroom Facility..........................................................108
5.3.29. Availability of Residence Facility for Staff.............................................109
5.4. Transportation Survey.......................................................................................110
5.4.1. Address of Respondents............................................................................110
5.4.2. Education Level of Respondents...............................................................111
5.4.3. Origin of the Respondents.........................................................................112
5.4.4. Destination of the Respondents.................................................................114
5.4.5. Number of Vehicles...................................................................................115
5.4.6. Vehicle Type..............................................................................................115
5.4.7. Availability of Public Transport Facility...................................................116
5.4.8. Type of Public Transport Required...........................................................117
5.4.9. Type of Public Transport Used..................................................................118
5.4.10. Road Encroachments...............................................................................119
5.4.11. Effect of Road Encroachments on Traffic Flow......................................120
5.4.12. Traffic Congestion...................................................................................121
5.4.13. Road Conditions......................................................................................121
5.4.14. Road with the Most Substandard Conditions..........................................122
5.4.15. Types of Road Improvements Required..................................................123
5.4.16. Existing Road Infrastructure....................................................................124
5.4.17. Availability of Parking Facilities.............................................................125
5.4.18. Location of Existing Parking Facilities...................................................126
5.4.19. Requirement of Parking Facilities...........................................................126
5.4.20. Purpose of Parking...................................................................................127
5.4.21. Frequency of Existing Parking Lot Usage...............................................128
5.4.22. Satisfaction Level of Existing Parking Facilities.....................................129
5.4.23. Difficulties Faced.....................................................................................130
5.5. Environmental Survey......................................................................................131
5.5.1. Quality of Water........................................................................................131
5.5.2. Source of Water.........................................................................................132
5.5.3. Water Borne Diseases................................................................................133
5.5.4. Effects of Air Pollution..............................................................................134
5.5.5. Effect of Industrial Fumes.........................................................................135
5.5.6. Disposal System for Solid Waste..............................................................136
5.5.7. Untreated Effluents in the Area.................................................................137
5.5.8. Noise Pollution..........................................................................................138
5.5.9. Environmental Issues.................................................................................139
5.5.10. Parks & Gardens......................................................................................140
5.5.11. Drainage System......................................................................................141
5.6. Housing Survey.................................................................................................142
5.6.1. Planning of the Area..................................................................................142
5.6.2. Duration of Residency in the House..........................................................143
5.6.3. Size of the Plot...........................................................................................144
5.6.4. Year of House Construction......................................................................145
5.6.5. Tenure Ship Status of the House...............................................................146
5.6.6. Structure of the House...............................................................................147
5.6.7. Type of the House......................................................................................148
5.6.8. Condition of the House..............................................................................149
5.6.9. Number of Storeys in the House................................................................150
5.6.10. Number of Bedrooms in the House.........................................................151
5.6.11. Number of Washrooms in the House.......................................................152
5.6.12. Number of Kitchens in the House...........................................................153
5.6.13. Number of Living Rooms in the House...................................................154
5.6.14. Number of Drawing Rooms in the House...............................................155
5.6.15. Number of Porches in the House.............................................................156
5.6.16. Maintenance of the House.......................................................................157
5.6.17. Selling of the House.................................................................................158
5.6.18. Professional Activity on the House.........................................................159
5.6.19. Availability of Sui Gas............................................................................160
5.6.20. Availability of Electricity........................................................................161
5.6.21. Availability of Adequate Sewerage System............................................162
5.6.22. Availability of Telephone........................................................................163
Chapter 6 – PROPOSALS FOR NANKANA SAHIB................................................167
6.1. Proposals for Industrial Establishment & Enhancement..................................167
6.1.1. Description of Existing Industries.............................................................168
6.1.2. Situation According to ODP......................................................................169
6.1.3. NRM Standards & Calculations for Industry Establishment.....................171
6.1.3.1. Space Standards..................................................................................171
6.1.3.2. Access Standards................................................................................171
6.2. Proposals for Development of Recreational Activities.....................................173
6.2.1. NRM Standards & Calculations for Parks & Open Spaces.......................174
6.2.1.1. For 18%, Recreational Area...............................................................174
6.2.1.2. For 12%, Recreational Area...............................................................174
6.2.2. Proposals....................................................................................................174
6.3. Proposals for Adequate System of Solid Waste Management.........................176
6.3.1. Existing Situation of Solid Waste Management........................................176
6.3.2. NRM Calculations for the Landfill............................................................176
6.3.2.1. Loamy Soil.........................................................................................177
6.3.2.2. Proposed Design Features..................................................................177
6.4. Proposals for Technical & Vocational Institutions for Women.......................180
6.4.1. Existing Situation.......................................................................................180
6.4.2. Calculations & Proposals...........................................................................180
6.4.3. Conclusion.................................................................................................181
6.5. Calculations for Public Utilities according to NRM Standards........................184
6.5.1. Telephone Exchange..................................................................................184
6.5.1.1. Existing Situation...............................................................................184
6.5.1.2. Proposed Situation..............................................................................184
6.5.2. Post Office (Tehsil Level).........................................................................184
6.5.3. Fire Station.................................................................................................184
6.5.4. Town Hall..................................................................................................184
6.5.5. Civil Court.................................................................................................185
6.5.6. Police Station.............................................................................................185
6.5.7. Petrol Station.............................................................................................185
6.6. Proposals for Health Sector Growth in Nankana Sahib....................................185
6.6.1. Existing Situation.......................................................................................185
6.6.2. NRM Calculation.......................................................................................185
6.7. Proposals for Education Sector Growth in Nankana Sahib..............................185
Chapter 7 – SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)...........................188
7.1. Introduction.......................................................................................................188
7.2. Goal 1: No Poverty...........................................................................................189
7.2.1. Sub Goals...................................................................................................189
7.2.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Eradicate Poverty......................................190
7.3. Goal 2: Zero Hunger.........................................................................................191
7.3.1. Sub Goals...................................................................................................191
7.3.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Eliminate Hunger......................................192
7.4. Goal 3: Good Health & Well Being..................................................................193
7.4.1. Sub Goals...................................................................................................193
7.4.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Ensure Good Health & Well Being..........194
7.5. Goal 4: Quality Education................................................................................195
7.5.1. Sub Goals...................................................................................................195
7.5.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Promote Quality Education.......................196
7.6. Goal 5: Gender Equality...................................................................................197
7.6.1. Sub Goals...................................................................................................197
7.6.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Encourage Gender Equality......................198
7.7. Goal 6: Clean Water & Sanitation....................................................................198
7.7.1. Sub Goals...................................................................................................199
7.7.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib for Adequate Provision of Clean Water &
Sanitation.............................................................................................................199
7.8. Goal 7: Affordable & Clean Energy.................................................................200
7.8.1. Sub Goals...................................................................................................200
7.8.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib for Adequate Provision of Affordable & Clean
Energy..................................................................................................................201
7.9. Goal 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth......................................................201
7.9.1. Sub Goals...................................................................................................201
7.9.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Stimulate Decent Work & Economic Growth
.............................................................................................................................202
7.10. Goal 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure................................................203
7.10.1. Sub Goals.................................................................................................203
7.10.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Develop Industry, Innovation &
Infrastructure........................................................................................................204
7.11. Goal 10: Reduce Inequality............................................................................205
7.11.1. Sub Goals.................................................................................................205
7.11.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Reduce Inequality...................................206
7.12. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities & Communities..................................................206
7.12.1. Sub Goals.................................................................................................207
7.12.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib for Sustainable Cities & Communities........208
7.13. Goal 12: Responsible Consumption & Production.........................................208
7.13.1. Sub Goals.................................................................................................209
7.13.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Induce Responsible Consumption &
Production Patterns..............................................................................................210
7.14. Goal 13: Climate Action.................................................................................211
7.14.1. Sub Goals.................................................................................................211
7.14.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Combat Climate Change.........................211
7.15. Goal 14: Life Below Water.............................................................................213
7.15.1. Sub Goals.................................................................................................213
7.15.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Conserve Life Below Water....................214
7.16. Goal 15: Life on Land.....................................................................................214
7.16.1. Sub Goals.................................................................................................215
7.16.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Conserve Life on Land............................216
7.17. Goal 16: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions.................................................216
7.17.1. Sub Goals.................................................................................................217
7.17.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Foster Just and Peaceful Societies..........218
7.18. Goal 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goals...................................................218
7.18.1 Sub Goals..................................................................................................219
7.18.2 Policies for Nankana Sahib to Revitalize the Global Partnership............220
Chapter 8 – PROGRAMS & PROJECTS SUGGESTED BY STUDENTS FOR
RESOLUTION OF PROBLEMS IN NANKANA SAHIB........................................223
8.1. Industries...........................................................................................................223
8.1.1. Programs....................................................................................................223
8.1.2. Projects......................................................................................................223
8.2. Clean Water & Sanitation.................................................................................224
8.2.1. Programs....................................................................................................224
8.2.2. Projects......................................................................................................224
8.3. Recreation.........................................................................................................225
8.3.1. Programs....................................................................................................225
8.3.2. Projects......................................................................................................225
8.4. Solid Waste Management.................................................................................225
8.4.1. Programs....................................................................................................225
8.4.2. Projects......................................................................................................226
Chapter 9 – PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................228
9.1. Transportation...................................................................................................228
9.2. Industry & Technology.....................................................................................228
9.3. Solid Waste Management.................................................................................229
9.4. Recreation.........................................................................................................229
9.5. Provision of Finances & Capacity Building of Institutions..............................230
9.6. Nankana Sahib Authority..................................................................................230
9.7. Clean Water Facilities.......................................................................................231
9.8. Religious Tourism.............................................................................................231
9.9. Vocational & Training Centers.........................................................................231
ANNEXURES................................................................................................................232
Annexure I – Land Use Map of Nankana Sahib City..............................................232
Annexure II – Residential Land Use Map of Nankana Sahib City.........................233
Annexure III – Commercial Land Use Map of Nankana Sahib City.......................234
Annexure IV – Agricultural Land Use Map of Nankana Sahib City.......................235
Annexure V – Historical Sites Map of Nankana Sahib City...................................236
Annexure VI – Road Network Map of Nankana Sahib City...................................237
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................238
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
No.
Table 1.1: SWOT Analysis of Nankana Sahib...................................................................4
Table 2.1: Demographic Profile of Nankana Sahib..........................................................16
Table 2.2: Detailed Population of District Nankana Sahib Census 2017.........................16
Table 2.3: Population Projections of Nankana Sahib City...............................................16
Table 2.4: Population of Nankana Sahib..........................................................................17
Table 2.5: Population Projection & its Increment............................................................17
Table 2.6: Arithmetic Method Application.......................................................................17
Table 2.7: Population Projection (2017-2050).................................................................18
Table 2.8: Social Economic Indicators Summary............................................................21
Table 2.9: Major Traffic Arteries.....................................................................................25
Table 3.1: Industries in Nankana Sahib............................................................................30
Table 4.1: Percentage distribution of household population according to disposal of
waste water........................................................................................................................35
Table 4.2: Existing details of tools & equipment used for solid waste collection............36
Table 4.3: Details of existing vehicles used for solid waste collection............................37
Table 5.1: Gender.............................................................................................................48
Table 5.2: Age...................................................................................................................49
Table 5.3: Marital Status...................................................................................................50
Table 5.4: Language Spoken............................................................................................50
Table 5.5: Education Level...............................................................................................51
Table 5.6: Religion...........................................................................................................52
Table 5.7: Nationality.......................................................................................................53
Table 5.8: Family Structure..............................................................................................54
Table 5.9: Number of People in Family...........................................................................55
Table 5.10: Number of Households in the House.............................................................56
Table 5.11: Earning Members in the Family....................................................................57
Table 5.12: Type of Commercial Activity........................................................................58
Table 5.13: Type of Commercial Area.............................................................................59
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Table 5.14: Nature of the Shop.........................................................................................60

Table 5.15: Area of the Shop............................................................................................61
Table 5.16: Frontage of Shop (ft.)....................................................................................62
Table 5.17: Access Road Width of Shop..........................................................................63
Table 5.18: Encroached Area of the Shop........................................................................64
Table 5.19: Purpose of Encroachment of the Shop..........................................................65
Table 5.20: Tenure of the Shop........................................................................................66
Table 5.21: Existence of Business....................................................................................67
Table 5.22: Daily Working Hours....................................................................................68
Table 5.23: Property Value of Shop.................................................................................69
Table 5.24: Daily Revenue Generated (Rs.).....................................................................70
Table 5.25: Parking Availability.......................................................................................71
Table 5.26: Stock Loading & Unloading Time................................................................72
Table 5.27: Vehicle Used for Stock Loading & Unloading.............................................73
Table 5.28: Existence/Availability of Utility Services.....................................................74
Table 5.29: Willingness for Initiation of any Rehabilitation Program by the Government
...........................................................................................................................................75
Table 5.30: Willingness for Participation in any Renewal Program by the Government 76
Table 5.31: Terms of Participation in Case of Willingness..............................................77
Table 5.32: Presence of Solid Waste Disposal System....................................................78
Table 5.33: Height of Shop/Plaza.....................................................................................79
Table 5.34: Condition of Shop..........................................................................................80
Table 5.35: Level of Education Provided.........................................................................81
Table 5.36: Ownership of Institution................................................................................82
Table 5.37: Type of Ownership........................................................................................83
Table 5.38: Institution Type..............................................................................................84
Table 5.39: Number of Boys Enrolled..............................................................................85
Table 5.40: Number of Girls Enrolled..............................................................................86
Table 5.41: Total Number of Teachers.............................................................................87
Table 5.42: Qualification Level of Teachers....................................................................88
Table 5.43: Number of Classrooms..................................................................................89
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Table 5.44: Types of Science Labs...................................................................................90

Table 5.45: Number of Computer Labs............................................................................91
Table 5.46: Number of Computers in Labs......................................................................92
Table 5.47: Availability of Lab Attendants......................................................................93
Table 5.48: Total Number of Attendants..........................................................................94
Table 5.49: Availability of Library...................................................................................95
Table 5.50: Number of Books in Library.........................................................................96
Table 5.51: Facility of Hostel...........................................................................................97
Table 5.52: Availability of Canteen..................................................................................98
Table 5.53: Condition of Building....................................................................................99
Table 5.54: Electricity Facility.......................................................................................100
Table 5.55: Telephone Service.......................................................................................101
Table 5.56: Water Supply Service..................................................................................102
Table 5.57: Sewerage & Drainage Facility.....................................................................103
Table 5.58: Solid Waste Collection Availability............................................................104
Table 5.59: Dispensary Service......................................................................................105
Table 5.60: Proper Road Access.....................................................................................106
Table 5.61: Availability of School Bus..........................................................................107
Table 5.62: Washroom Facility......................................................................................108
Table 5.63: Residence Facility for Staff.........................................................................109
Table 5.64: Address........................................................................................................110
Table 5.65: Education Level...........................................................................................111
Table 5.66: Origin...........................................................................................................112
Table 5.67: Destination...................................................................................................114
Table 5.68: Number of Vehicles.....................................................................................115
Table 5.69: Vehicle Type................................................................................................116
Table 5.70: Availability of Public Transport Facility.....................................................116
Table 5.71: Type of Public Transport Required.............................................................117
Table 5.72: Type of Public Transport Used....................................................................118
Table 5.73: Road Encroachments...................................................................................119
Table 5.74: Effect of Road Encroachments on Traffic Flow..........................................120
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Table 5.75: Traffic Congestion.......................................................................................121

Table 5.76: Road Conditions..........................................................................................122
Table 5.77: Road with the Most Substandard Conditions..............................................122
Table 5.78: Types of Road Improvements Required......................................................123
Table 5.79: Existing Road Infrastructure........................................................................124
Table 5.80: Availability of Parking Facilities.................................................................125
Table 5.81: Location of Existing Parking Facilities.......................................................126
Table 5.82: Requirement of Parking Facilities...............................................................126
Table 5.83: Purpose of Parking.......................................................................................127
Table 5.84: Frequency of Existing Parking Lot Usage...................................................128
Table 5.85: Satisfaction Level of Existing Parking Facilities........................................129
Table 5.86: Difficulties Faced........................................................................................130
Table 5.87: Quality of Water..........................................................................................131
Table 5.88: Source of Water...........................................................................................132
Table 5.89: Water Borne Diseases..................................................................................133
Table 5.90: Effects of Air Pollution................................................................................134
Table 5.91: Effect of Industrial Fumes...........................................................................135
Table 5.92: Disposal System for Solid Waste................................................................136
Table 5.93: Untreated Effluents in the Area...................................................................137
Table 5.94: Noise Pollution............................................................................................138
Table 5.95: Environmental Issues...................................................................................139
Table 5.96: Parks & Gardens..........................................................................................140
Table 5.97: Drainage System..........................................................................................141
Table 5.98: Planning of the Area....................................................................................142
Table 5.99: Duration of Residency in the House............................................................143
Table 5.100: Size of the Plot...........................................................................................144
Table 5.101: Year of House Construction......................................................................145
Table 5.102: Tenure Ship Status of the House...............................................................146
Table 5.103: Structure of the House...............................................................................147
Table 5.104: Type of the House......................................................................................148
Table 5.105: Condition of the House..............................................................................149
v|Page
Table 5.106: Number of Storeys in the House................................................................150

Table 5.107: Number of Bedrooms in the House...........................................................151
Table 5.108: Number of Washrooms in the House........................................................152
Table 5.109: Number of Kitchens in the House.............................................................153
Table 5.110: Number of Living Rooms in the House.....................................................154
Table 5.111: Number of Drawing Rooms in the House.................................................155
Table 5.112: Number of Porches in the House...............................................................156
Table 5.113: Maintenance of the House.........................................................................157
Table 5.114: Selling of the House..................................................................................158
Table 5.115: Professional Activity on the House...........................................................159
Table 5.116: Availability of Sui Gas..............................................................................160
Table 5.117: Availability of Electricity..........................................................................161
Table 5.118: Availability of Adequate Sewerage System.............................................162
Table 5.119: Availability of Telephone..........................................................................163
Table 5.120: Availability of Internet..............................................................................164
Table 6.1: Types of Existing Industrial Units.................................................................168
Table 6.2: Types of Existing Manufacturing & Services Industries’ in Nankana Sahib168
Table 6.3: Proposed Industrial Units..............................................................................170
Table 6.4: Current Technical & Vocational Institutions for Women in Nankana Sahib180
Table 6.5: Requirements of Educational Institutions in Nankana..................................186
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page
No.
Figure 1.1: Location Map of Nankana Sahib.....................................................................2
Figure 1.2: Resort for Sikh Tourists at Nankana Sahib......................................................6
Figure 1.3: Base Map of Nankana Sahib............................................................................8
Figure 1.4: A replica of Quba Masjid, Madina at Nankana Sahib.....................................9
Figure 1.5: Gurdwara Janam Asthan................................................................................10
Figure 1.6: Gurdwara Bal Lilah........................................................................................10
Figure 1.7: Gurdwara Patti Sahib.....................................................................................11
Figure 1.8: Gurdwara Mall Ji Sahib.................................................................................11
Figure 1.9: Gurdwara Kiara Sahib....................................................................................12
Figure 1.10: Gurdwara Tambu Sahib...............................................................................12
Figure 1.11: Gurdwara Guru Hargobind Sahib................................................................13
Figure 1.12: Gurdwara Nihang Singhan...........................................................................13
Figure 2.1: Arithmetic Population Projection (2017-2050)..............................................18
Figure 3.1: Industrial Estates of Nankana Sahib City......................................................31
Figure 4.1: Site of Sewerage Connected with Open Drain...............................................34
Figure 4.2: Solid Waste Dumped on Streets in Nankana Sahib.......................................36
Figure 4.3: Poor Maintenance of Mangtanwala Road......................................................41
Figure 4.4: Commercial Area along Bucheki Road.........................................................42
Figure 4.5: Warburton Road.............................................................................................42
Figure 4.6: Bus Stops in Nankana Sahib..........................................................................43
Figure 4.7: Railway Stations in Nankana Sahib...............................................................44
Figure 5.1: Gender............................................................................................................48
Figure 5.2: Age.................................................................................................................49
Figure 5.3: Marital Status.................................................................................................50
Figure 5.4: Language Spoken...........................................................................................51
Figure 5.5: Education Level.............................................................................................52
Figure 5.6: Religion..........................................................................................................53
Figure 5.7: Nationality......................................................................................................54
vii | P a g e
Figure 5.8: Family Structure.............................................................................................55

Figure 5.9: Number of People in Family..........................................................................56
Figure 5.10: Number of Households in the House...........................................................57
Figure 5.11: Earning Members in the Family...................................................................58
Figure 5.12: Type of Commercial Activity......................................................................59
Figure 5.13: Type of Commercial Area............................................................................60
Figure 5.14: Nature of the Shop.......................................................................................61
Figure 5.15: Area of the Shop..........................................................................................62
Figure 5.16: Frontage of Shop (ft.)...................................................................................63
Figure 5.17: Access Road Width of Shop........................................................................64
Figure 5.18: Encroached Area of the Shop.......................................................................65
Figure 5.19: Purpose of Encroachment of the Shop.........................................................66
Figure 5.20: Tenure of the Shop.......................................................................................67
Figure 5.21: Existence of Business...................................................................................68
Figure 5.22: Daily Working Hours...................................................................................69
Figure 5.23: Property Value of Shop................................................................................70
Figure 5.24: Daily Revenue Generated (Rs.)...................................................................71
Figure 5.25: Parking Availability.....................................................................................72
Figure 5.26: Stock Loading & Unloading Time...............................................................73
Figure 5.27: Vehicle Used for Stock Loading & Unloading............................................74
Figure 5.28: Existence/Availability of Utility Services....................................................75
Figure 5.29: Willingness for Initiation of any Rehabilitation Program by the Government
...........................................................................................................................................76
Figure 5.30: Willingness for Participation in any Renewal Program by the Government
...........................................................................................................................................77
Figure 5.31: Terms of Participation in Case of Willingness............................................78
Figure 5.32: Presence of Solid Waste Disposal System...................................................79
Figure 5.33: Height of Shop/Plaza...................................................................................80
Figure 5.34: Condition of Shop........................................................................................81
Figure 5.35: Level of Education Provided........................................................................82
Figure 5.36: Ownership of Institution..............................................................................83
viii | P a g e
Figure 5.37: Type of Ownership.......................................................................................84

Figure 5.38: Institute Type...............................................................................................85
Figure 5.39: Number of Boys Enrolled............................................................................86
Figure 5.40: Number of Girls Enrolled............................................................................87
Figure 5.41: Total Number of Teachers...........................................................................88
Figure 5.42: Qualification Level of Teachers...................................................................89
Figure 5.43: Number of Classrooms.................................................................................90
Figure 5.44: Types of Science Labs.................................................................................91
Figure 5.45: Number of Computer Labs..........................................................................92
Figure 5.46: Number of Computers in Labs.....................................................................93
Figure 5.47: Availability of Lab Attendants.....................................................................94
Figure 5.48: Total Number of Attendants........................................................................95
Figure 5.49: Availability of Library.................................................................................96
Figure 5.50: Number of Books in Library........................................................................97
Figure 5.51: Facility of Hostel..........................................................................................98
Figure 5.52: Availability of Canteen................................................................................99
Figure 5.53: Condition of Building................................................................................100
Figure 5.54: Electricity Facility......................................................................................101
Figure 5.55: Telephone Service......................................................................................102
Figure 5.56: Water Supply Service.................................................................................103
Figure 5.57: Sewerage & Drainage Facility...................................................................104
Figure 5.58: Solid Waste Collection Availability..........................................................105
Figure 5.59: Dispensary Service.....................................................................................106
Figure 5.60: Proper Road Access...................................................................................107
Figure 5.61: Availability of School Bus.........................................................................108
Figure 5.62: Washroom Facility.....................................................................................109
Figure 5.63: Residence Facility for Staff........................................................................110
Figure 5.64: Address.......................................................................................................111
Figure 5.65: Education Level.........................................................................................112
Figure 5.66: Origin.........................................................................................................113
Figure 5.67: Destination.................................................................................................114
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Figure 5.68: Number of Vehicles...................................................................................115

Figure 5.69: Vehicle Type..............................................................................................116
Figure 5.70: Availability of Public Transport Facility...................................................117
Figure 5.71: Type of Public Transport Required............................................................118
Figure 5.72: Type of Public Transport Used..................................................................119
Figure 5.73: Road Encroachments..................................................................................120
Figure 5.74: Effect of Road Encroachments on Traffic Flow........................................120
Figure 5.75: Traffic Congestion.....................................................................................121
Figure 5.76: Road Conditions.........................................................................................122
Figure 5.77: Road with the Most Substandard Conditions.............................................123
Figure 5.78: Types of Road Improvements Required....................................................124
Figure 5.79: Existing Road Infrastructure......................................................................125
Figure 5.80: Availability of Parking Facilities...............................................................125
Figure 5.81: Location of Existing Parking Facilities......................................................126
Figure 5.82: Requirement of Parking Facilities..............................................................127
Figure 5.83: Purpose of Parking.....................................................................................128
Figure 5.84: Frequency of Existing Parking Lot Usage.................................................129
Figure 5.85: Satisfaction Level of Existing Parking Facilities.......................................130
Figure 5.86: Difficulties Faced.......................................................................................131
Figure 5.87: Quality of Water.........................................................................................132
Figure 5.88: Source of Water.........................................................................................133
Figure 5.89: Water Borne Diseases................................................................................134
Figure 5.90: Effects of Air Pollution..............................................................................135
Figure 5.91: Effect of Industrial Fumes..........................................................................136
Figure 5.92: Disposal System for Solid Waste...............................................................137
Figure 5.93: Untreated Effluents in the Area.................................................................138
Figure 5.94: Noise Pollution...........................................................................................139
Figure 5.95: Environmental Issues.................................................................................140
Figure 5.96: Parks & Gardens........................................................................................141
Figure 5.97: Drainage System........................................................................................142
Figure 5.98: Planning of the Area..................................................................................143
x|Page
Figure 5.99: Duration of Residency in the House..........................................................144

Figure 5.100: Size of the Plot.........................................................................................145
Figure 5.101: Year of House Construction.....................................................................146
Figure 5.102: Tenure Ship Status of the House..............................................................147
Figure 5.103: Structure of the House..............................................................................148
Figure 5.104: Type of the House....................................................................................149
Figure 5.105: Condition of the House............................................................................150
Figure 5.106: Number of Storeys in the House..............................................................151
Figure 5.107: Number of Bedrooms in the House..........................................................152
Figure 5.108: Number of Washrooms in the House.......................................................153
Figure 5.109: Number of Kitchens in the House............................................................154
Figure 5.110: Number of Living Rooms in the House...................................................155
Figure 5.111: Number of Drawing Rooms in the House................................................156
Figure 5.112: Number of Porches in the House.............................................................157
Figure 5.113: Maintenance of the House........................................................................158
Figure 5.114: Selling of the House.................................................................................159
Figure 5.115: Professional Activity on the House..........................................................160
Figure 5.116: Availability of Sui Gas.............................................................................161
Figure 5.117: Availability of Electricity.........................................................................162
Figure 5.118: Availability of Adequate Sewerage System.............................................163
Figure 5.119: Availability of Telephone........................................................................164
Figure 5.120: Availability of Internet.............................................................................165
Figure 6.1: Existing Industrial Estates of Nankana Sahib..............................................167
Figure 6.2: Proposed Industrial Estates in Nankana Sahib.............................................172
Figure 6.3: Existing Parks in Nankana Sahib.................................................................173
Figure 6.4: Proposed Recreational Institutes in Nankana Sahib....................................175
Figure 6.5: Solid waste dumped on streets in Nankana Sahib........................................176
Figure 6.6: Proposed Landfill Site for Solid Waste Disposal.........................................179
Figure 6.7: Proposed Technical Institutes for Women...................................................183
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xii | P a g e
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER # 1
INTRODUCTION TO
NANKANA SAHIB
Ch. 1 Introduction to Nankana Sahib 2|Page
Chapter 1– INTRODUCTION TO NANKANA SAHIB
1.1. Location
Nankana Sahib is a city and the capital of Nankana Sahib District in the Punjab province
of Pakistan. It is named after the first Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Nanak, who was born in
the city and first began preaching here. Today, it is a city of high historic and religious
value and a popular pilgrimage site for Sikhs from all over the world.
It is situated on the corner of Nankana Sahib Tehsil at about a distance of 34 kilometers
from Sheikhupura, the district head quarter. It is about 91 km (57 mi) west of Lahore and
about 75 km (47 mi) east of Faisalabad; and at 31.45 latitude and 73.70 longitude. It is
situated at an elevation of 194 meters above sea level. The city has a population of
approximately 70,000. The total area of Nankana Sahib is 2,960 km 2 which makes it the
74th largest city in Punjab.
Nankana operates in the Pakistan Standard Time (PKT) zone which is 5 hours ahead of
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); and is the standard time zone followed all over
Pakistan.
1.2. Location Map

Figure 1.1: Location Map of Nankana Sahib
Source: Prepared by Researchers

1.3. Existing Situation
1.3.1. Urban Form

Nankana Sahib and its surroundings were formerly a tehsil of Sheikhupura District. The
present status of District Nankana Sahib has three tehsils: Nankana Sahib, Shah Kot and
Sangla Hill. The inner part of Nankana Sahib is very congested and compact. The poorly
maintained roads, level crossings, non-motorized traffic and encroachment all are
adversely affecting the existing road network and the urban form. The improvement of
the intercity roads is required that will play a vital role for the economic development of
Nankana Sahib.
1.3.2. Urban Growth Pattern

Nankana Sahib has been haphazardly developed. There is a huge difference in the
development between the old city and the new city because of the lack of up gradation.
Some of the houses and markets present in the old city have been there before the
partition and still no work has been done for their renewal. The roads of the city are not
in satisfactory condition including the inter and intra city roads which are poorly
maintained. However, there are good inter-city road links that can play an important role
in the economic development of the city in the future. There is a linear trend of
development and encroachments within the right of ways of the roads. The commercial
markets are in the central congested parts of the town which is creating many problems
such as traffic congestion although they are sufficient for the fulfilling the needs of the
present population. The health facilities are grossly deficient as there is only one main
hospital, the District Headquarter Hospital, besides that there are small clinics with very
little medical facilities. Also, the industrial development is taking place in a haphazard
manner along the Mangtanwala road. Mostly the land in Nankana Sahib is agricultural
land, because of that there is no proper industrial development or planning of industrial
estates. The main roads that pass through the town are Mangtanwala Road, Warburton
Road, Buchoki Road and the Railway Road.
1.3.3. SWOT Analysis

Table 1.1: SWOT Analysis of Nankana Sahib
Strengths Weaknesses
 Nankana Sahib is home to a big crowd  Present intra road network of the city
once a year i.e. Sikhs offering is far from satisfactory.
religious pilgrimage; this offers a good  Poor sanitation & drainage systems.
potential to expand tourist base and  Industrial development is unplanned.
services industry. Therefore, the  People tend to out-migrate due to the
government is willing to expend gross deficiency of health facilities.
resources for the economic  Severe lack of parking spaces may
development of Nankana Sahib in the result in extreme traffic congestion
future. problems.
 The rice from Nankana Sahib are
exported around the world. The rice
production sector will consequently
boom in the future resulting in the
city’s economic growth.
Opportunities Threats
 The presence of Sikh religious  Security issues may arise due to
buildings in Nankana Sahib indicates a presence of a large crowd (Crowd of
possibility to enhance economic what), putting Nankana Sahib at a high
activity through amplification of risk of terrorism.
tourism opportunities.  Lack of road furniture such as traffic
signals, greenbelts, footpaths; and
traffic wardens to guide the traffic on
poorly maintained roads may result in
an increased number of accidents in
the future due to growing population.
Source: Developed by Researchers
1.3.4. Future Growth

Nankana Sahib is being linked with Shahkot Town by a road. This road would help in
connecting the rural settlement in the northern direction of Nankana Sahib with the
surrounding important urban centers of the area.
The work on the construction of Nankana Sahib-Buchiana-Jaranwala Road along railway
line is in progress at present. Due to introduction of this link, the distance between
Nankana Sahib and Faisalabad would be considerably reduced.
Pakistan has offered all amenities and facilities to the Sikh community settled across the
globe(rephrase this word) to invest in Kartarpur Corridor and make the area between
Kartarpur and Nankana Sahib unprecedented and historic.
The offer was made by visiting Governor of Punjab, Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar, while
talking to the Sikh community at Guru Gobind Singh Sabha in South hall, West London
on Thursday(give the date too).
"The opening of (Kartarpur) Corridor after 70 years is splendid and we feel the heart-
touching sentiments and pleasing moments of Sikh community at this affectionate
occasion", Sarwar emphasized. "Sikhs are our brothers and sisters, Pakistan is already
supporting and helping them and taking extra care to look after the Gurdwaras in all over
the country, especially the Nankana Saheb," he added. (First Published: Sun, January 13,
2019. 23:50 IST)
The Lahore-Abdul Hakeem section of M-3 Motorway inauguration has been announced
by the Federal government. A senior official of National Highway Authority said, it is
scheduled to be opened for traffic by February 15(mention its year too).
Karachi Lahore Motorway KLM: 230 km from Lahore Abdul Hakeem Motorway M-3
service area is under construction near Nankana Sahib. It has already been operational in
Feb 2019. According to an official, all physical work of this section has already been
completed but due to some technical issues such as delay in approval for deployment of
motorway police on this section, the motorway could not yet be opened. (Times of
Islamabad 20 Jan’ 2019)
The Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan is planning to set up Baba Guru
Nanak International University in Nankana Sahib to portray a “softer image” of Pakistan
to the world. HEC has suggested to include eminent international scholars working on
Sikh and Buddhism religions as a think-tank for the proposed university (please put its
references from where it has been taken).
According to Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab, to facilitate Sikh pilgrims
and yatrees (visitors) adequately in future, development of a good standard resort is also
in process at Nankana Sahib(join this and next paragraph).
Approximately 40 per cent of world tourism revenues are linked to religious tourism and
this is a market with tremendous potential that Pakistan has hardly started to develop.
According to the study, if the security situation improves significantly, the number of
tourists can exceed 300,000 per year and its economic impact will then increase from $5
million to an estimated $300 million. 1
Figure 1.2: Resort for Sikh Tourists at Nankana Sahib
Source: Captured by Researchers
This resort is situated at college road in Nankana Sahib.
1.4. Historic Profile
1
Dawn News, June 11th, 2016
Nankana Sahib is a sacred place for the Sikh community. 2 The township was founded by
Rai Bhoi, a rich landlord Rajput Muslim and thus was known as Rai-Bhoi-Di-Talwandi.
It is named after the first Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Nanak Dev, the founder of Sikhism
who was born here in 1469. Guru Nanak passed his whole childhood and young age in
Nankana Sahib.
The Gurdwara (the Sikh place of worship) Nankana Sahib, originally constructed in
around 1600 A.D. was renovated in 1819–20 A.D. by Gian-Punjab Maharaja Jassa Singh
Ramgarhia. During the Akali or the Gurdwara Reform Movement (a campaign to bring
reform in the gurdwaras in India during the early 1920s), on 20 February 1921, Narayan
Das, the Mahant (a religious superior, in particular the chief priest of a temple or the head
of a monastery) of the gurdwara at Nankana Sahib, ordered his men to fire on Akali
protesters, leading to the Nankana Massacre. The firing was widely condemned, and an
agitation was launched until the control of the historic Janam Asthan Gurdwara was
restored to the Sikhs.
In the 1930s and 40's, more buildings and architectural design was also added. Nankana
Sahib and its surroundings were formerly a tehsil of Sheikhupura District. In May 2005,
the provincial government raised the status of Nankana Sahib to a district as a way of
promoting development in the area.
Figure 1.3: Base Map of Nankana Sahib
2
ODP Nankana Sahib 2013 – 2014

1.5. Religious Buildings at Nankana Sahib

Some of the well-known religious places in the city include a mosque along with nine
historic Sikh Gurdwaras. They include;
1. Jama Quba Masjid (A replica of Quba Masjid of Madina).
2. Residency of Baba Guru Nanak.
3. Gurdwara Janam Asthan.
4. Gurdwara Bal Lilah.
5. Gurdwara Patti Sahib.
6. Gurdwara Mall Ji Sahib.
7. Gurdwara Kiara Sahib.
8. Gurdwara Tambu Sahib.
9. Gurdwara Guru Hargobind Sahib.
10. Gurdwara Nihang Singhan.
A brief explanation follows(rephrase it like given below);
1.5.1. Masjid Quba

This Mosque is replica(rephrase this word) of Masjid Quba, Madina, Saudi Arabia. It is
situated on Quba Road, adjacent to Mangtanwala road in Nankana Sahib.
Figure 1.4: A replica of Quba Masjid, Madina at Nankana Sahib
Source: Google Images

Ch. 1 Introduction to Nankana Sahib 10 | P a g e
1.5.2. Gurdwara Janam Asthan

Gurdwara Janam Asthan also known as Gurdwara Sri Nankana Sahib. The Gurdwara is
named ‘Janam Asthan’ meaning ‘Place of Birth’ and childhood home. This shrine
represents the home of Baba Kalo and Mata Tripta, father and mother respectively of
Guru Nanak Dev, where the Guru was born.
Figure 1.5: Gurdwara Janam Asthan
1.5.3. Gurdwara Bal Lilah

This site relates to adventures of the early childhood of the Guru. About 300 meters
south-east of Gurdwara Janam Asthan, marks the field where Guru Nanak used to play in
the company of other children.
Figure 1.6: Gurdwara Bal Lilah

1.5.4. Gurdwara Patti Sahib

This is the site where Guru Nanak learnt the various languages and particularly their
alphabet. Gurdwara Patti Sahib is also called Gurdwara Maulvi Patti Likhi (‘Patti’ means
a wooden board on which children learn to write alphabets with a pen made of a soft
stem). This sacred shrine lies midway between Gurdwara Janam Asthan and Gurdwara
Bal Lilah along the railway station.
Figure 1.7: Gurdwara Patti Sahib
1.5.5. Gurdwara Mall Ji Sahib

This site relates to the early childhood of the Guru. The events that link to the Cobra and
Mehta Kalu. This place is situated amidst the thick(rephrase this with word dense)
population of Nankana Sahib.
Figure 1.8: Gurdwara Mall Ji Sahib

1.5.6. Gurdwara Kiara Sahib
This site is where, as a youngster, Guru Nanak used to graze cattle. Gurudwara Kiara
Sahib is situated one and a half kilometers from Gurdwara Janam Asthan. It has a large
building. A boundary wall and a Sarovar (pond, lake) has also been built around the
whole field.
Figure 1.9: Gurdwara Kiara Sahib
1.5.7. Gurdwara Tambu Sahib

This Gurdwara was established a furlong east of Janam Asthan, during the Sikh Rule. Its
present building comprises a double-storey domed sanctum in the middle of a square hall
which has architectural embellishments but lacks the porches covering its front doors.
Figure 1.10: Gurdwara Tambu Sahib

1.5.8. Gurdwara Guru Hargobind Sahib
The one room structure was known as 'Kalu ka Kotha', literally 'house of (Mehta) Kalu'.
Later, it came to be known as 'Nanakayan', literally 'home of (Guru) Nanak'. The
Gurdwara was established before the end of the 16th century because Guru Arjan (1563-
1606) is believed to have visited it.
Figure 1.11: Gurdwara Guru Hargobind Sahib

1.5.9. Gurdwara Nihang Singhan

This Gurdwara is situated in between Gurdwara Sri Tambu Sahib and Gurdwara Sri
Hargobind Sahib. The Nihang Singh Chaoni (camp), became known as Gurdwara Nihang
Singhan. No land endowment stands in the name of Gurdwara.
Figure 1.12: Gurdwara Nihang Singhan
1.6. Limitations
The following are some of the limitations that were confronted by the students during
master plan preparation of Nankana Sahib;
 Time limitation was levied by the university. Therefore, precise research work
had to be carried out and accomplished within the specified time.
 Field surveys carried out related to master planning were limited due to security
and safety issues in the city.
 Primary data for master planning needs to be gathered through surveys. Data
collection by researchers for the master planning of Nankana Sahib was subject to
above mentioned issues. Therefore, master plan lacks current and updated data of
Nankana Sahib and the data was majorly obtained from secondary sources (ODP
Nankana Sahib, books, journals, articles, publications and reports etc.) and
minorly from primary sources including surveys which comprise the housing,
commercial, recreational etc. aspects of master planning.
CHAPTER # 2
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF
NANKANA SAHIB
Ch. 2 Demographic Profile of Nankana Sahib 17 | P a g e
Chapter 2– DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF NANKANA SAHIB
2.1. Demography
Table 2.2: Demographic Profile of Nankana Sahib
Sr. No. Item Values
1 Creation of City 2005
2 Number of Union Council 65
3 Total Area of City 2960 km2
4 Total Population of City 883,876
5 Literacy Rate of the City (Census 2017) 65-70%
Source: Nankana Sahib, Census Report of 2017
Table 2.3: Detailed Population of District Nankana Sahib Census 2017
Sr. No. Rural Urban Total

1 Population 773,598 110,278 883,876
2 Household 123,336 18,206 141,542
Average Growth Rate (1998-
3 1.36
2017)
Source: Nankana Sahib, Census Report of 2017
Table 2.4: Population Projections of Nankana Sahib City

Sr. No. Years Population
1 1980 30,463
2 1985 33,509
3 1990 36,860
4 1995 40,546
5 2017 883,876
Source: ODP Nankana Sahib
2.2. Population Projection by Arithmetic Method

Population projection is calculated by arithmetic method in following table;
Table 2.5: Population of Nankana Sahib(City)

Sr. No. Year Population
1 1981 32963
2 1998 683963
3 2017 883876
Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
Table 2.6: Population Projection & its Increment

Sr. No. Year Population Increment
1 1981 32963 -
2 1998 683963 651000
3 2017 883876 199913
4 Average Increment (C) = 425456
 Formula of Arithmetic Method: Pn = P + n.C

Where,
Pn = Population after ‘n’ decades
P = Present Population
C = Average increase / increment (Constant)
n = No. of decades
Table 2.7: Arithmetic Method Application

Indicators 2030 2040 2050
P 883876 883876 883876
C 425456 425456 425456
n 1.3 2.3 3.3
Arithmetic 883876 + (425456 * 883876 + (425456 * 883876 + (425456 *
Method 1.3) 2.3) 3.3)
Value
Calculated 1436968.8 ~ 1436969 1862424.8 ~ 1862425 2287880.8 ~ 2287881
(Pn)
Table 2.8: Population Projection (2017-2050)
Sr. No. Year Population Projection

1 2017 883876
2 2030 1436969
3 2040 1862425
4 2050 2287881
Figure 2.13: Arithmetic Population Projection (2017-2050)
2500000 Population Projection

2287881
2000000
1862425
1500000 1436969
1000000
883876 Populatio
n
500000
0
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
2.3. Physical Features

The upland or the Bar in the North West, in the natural condition, is a level prairie thickly
dotted over with a stunted under-growth of bush jungle. The Bar Soil is popularly known
as Missie. The low land along the river Ravi has light loam. The central portion which is
the Deg Valley has stiff soil. Stiff soil is either Rohi or Kallarathi depending on the salt
(kallar) contents.
Formerly the city was a tehsil of Sheikhupura District. In May 2005, the Government of
Punjab decided to raise the status of the city as a District as it is a pilgrimage center for
Sikhs from all over the globe. The aim was to enhance the economic conditions of the
city along with the surrounding areas.
There has been efficient improvement, especially of major roads of the city. Changes
have also been made in the administrative bodies of city form tehsil to district level
administration.
2.3.1. Main Crops

Rice, sugarcane, cotton and wheat are the main crops cultivated in the district. Guava and
citrus are the main fruits grown in the district which are cultivated there. Other fruits
including Mango, Banana, Litchi, Jamun and Phalsa are also grown in minor quantities in
the district. The main source of irrigation is through canals & tubewells.
2.3.2. Vegetables
Carrot, Cauliflower, Potatoes, and Onion are main vegetables grown in the district.
Turnip, Peas, Tomato, Chilies and Garlic are also cultivated in the district in minor
quantities.
2.3.3. Forests
About 1.3 % of the total area of the district is under forests, which is an area of 1068.16
hectares. There is also plantation of 955 Kilometers of tress in line pattern alongside the
roads/rails/canals in the district. Kau, Phalai, Kikar and Shisham are types of trees grown
in the district.
2.3.4. Livestock
The main animals which are in the district are Goats, Sheep, Cattle, and Buffaloes.
The Project Director (Geographical Indications), Industries, Commerce & Investment
Department, Government of the Punjab has identified the following Important
Geographical Indications in the district:
 Sweets
 Sohan Halwa
 Samosa
 Colored Furniture /Charpai
2.4. Spatial Organization

The area around Nankana Sahib was formerly a tehsil of Sheikhupura (Sheikhupura is a
district of Punjab province, Pakistan). According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the
district had a population of 3,321,029 of which 25.45% were urban. In 2005, one of its
subdivisions was split off to form the new Nankana Sahib District. In May 2005, the
Punjab government decided to raise the status of Nankana Sahib to that of a district 3 as a
way of promoting development in the area, and investment from Indian Sikhs.
2.5. Employment & Unemployment

According to the ODP, about 65% of the population is engaged in agriculture and its
related fields which is the source of employment. The percentage of workers in industry
is very low as there is not a single large-scale manufacturing unit in the area. There are,
however, several rice shellers in and around Nankana Sahib which mainly employ
seasonal labor. The economy of the area is basically agrarian. Due to weak economic
base, there is positive trend of the population to migrate from this area to other
economically developed areas of the region.
2.6. Industry
A variety of import and industrial units are operating in Nankana Sahib including
chemicals, poultry feed, soap & detergents, sugar, cotton/woolen textile, etc. Paper and
paper board industry is also concentrated here. In view of the existing industries, there
exist very good prospects for accumulated batteries, dyes/pigments,
pesticides/insecticides, polyester fiber/yarn, fertilizer, sulphuric acid, chlorinated paraffin,
chrome tanning salt, carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), iron oxide, packaging unit,
cigarette paper, craft liner, auto parts, etc. 4 Nankana Sahib possesses requisite
3
District Profile: Central Punjab - Nankana Sahib - Dawn Pakistan
4
https://doi.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Nankana%20Sahib.pdf
physical/social infrastructure facilities and developed industrial base. Therefore, in view

of overall provincial/national requirements and export potential, there exists good
prospects for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, disposable syringes, glass ampoules, artificial
leather, fiber glass, boilers, pumps and compressors, ball bearing, generators, foundry and
forging, automobile transmission etc.
Table 2.9: Social Economic Indicators Summary

Sr. No. Social Indicators
1 Water & Sanitation
Improved sanitation facility available through piped sewer
i 15.8%
system
Percentage of household population using sanitation means
ii 60.9%
of excreta disposal
Percentage of household population using improved
iii 98.5%
sources of drinking water
Percentage of household population using improved
iv sources of drinking water and using sanitation means of 60.2%
excreta disposal
v Solid waste disposal in open field 91.7%
2 Education
i Literacy rate (10 years and older) 49.3%
ii Literacy rate (15 years and older) 44.2%
iii Literacy rate (15-24 years) 64.5%
Percentage of children aged 3-4 years currently attending
iv 14.1%
preschool
Percentage of children of primary school entry age (5
v 19%
years) currently attending preschool
Percentage of children of primary school entry age (6
vi 37.8%
years) currently attending school
Percentage of children of primary school entry age (5-9
vii 53.9%
years) currently attending school
Percentage of net primary school attendance for
viii 67.6%
government schools
Percentage of net primary school attendance for private
ix 31.2%
schools
x Percentage of net middle/secondary school age (10-14 24.7%
years) currently attending secondary or higher school

Percentage of children of secondary school age (10-
xi 42.3%
14years) attending primary school
Physical access to primary schools, Boys government
xii 97.8%
school <2 km
Physical access to primary schools, Girls government
xiii 93.4%
school <2 km
Physical access to middle schools, Boys government
xiv 51.2%
school <2 km
Physical access to middle schools, Girls government
xv 46.9%
school <2 km
Physical access to secondary schools, Boys government
xvi 38.7%
school <2 km
Physical access to secondary schools, Girls government
xvii 33.5%
school <2 km
3 Others
i Child labor -working outside household 9.7%
ii Physical access to nearest Government health facility 55.7%
iii Employed 95.2%
iv Unemployed and seeking jobs 4.8%
4 Household Utilities
66kV to 132
i Electricity
kV
Natural gas –
ii Gas
available
50 lines to
iii Telephone
7822 lines
iv Water Filter 99%
v Owned Houses 86
vi Receiving remittance as Zakat 5.2 %
Source: Govt of Punjab MICS(MICS is What? Mention it here) 2007-2008
2.7. Service Delivery
2.7.1. Water Supply

The present water supply arrangements are grossly insufficient as only the central parts of
the city have been connected with the piped water supply system. In some places, the
present source of water supply is still through tube wells/wells. It is proposed that a
comprehensive Master Plan for water supply be prepared to provide portable water to all
inhabitants of the city in a systematic manner. The Katchi Abadis and the slums require
special attention as they are facing many problems so far as the provision of water supply
is concerned.
2.7.2. Sewerage
According to Agroville development program Nankana Sahib 1980-1995, mostly open
drains are used for waste water collection. The central part of city has pucca drains but
the Katchi Abadis like Shad Bagh Colony and Magha Mundi town have katchi zig zag
channels, creating very unhygienic conditions. Katchi Abadis require special attention as
the problem has reached to an alarming stage with the passage of time. The sewerage
scheme for the city was started in May 1977, but the work of laying trunk sewers has not
yet been completed. It is recommended that this scheme should be completed as early as
possible.
The condition in the Katchi Abadis and slum areas are very serious as unhygienic
conditions are prevailing there at present. Special attention for the improvement of waste
water disposal arrangements is required for all such areas of the city.
At present there are 24 big and small ponds covering an area of 88 acres of land and
scattered throughout the city. These ponds are a great nuisance for the local population as
they are very insanitary. The complete elimination of these ponds is proposed in
accordance with a phased programme. Furthermore, proper disposal points for the
disposal of waste water should be constructed after conducting detailed feasibility studies
by the concerned authorities.
2.7.3. Storm Water Drainage

The slope of the city as well as its surrounding areas is from North-East to South-West.
As a result, the storm water during the rainy season enters in the city, creating many
problems for the residents. Keeping this serious problem in view, storm water channels
are also proposed to be constructed along the proposed by-pass and other important roads
after carrying out detailed feasibility studies.
2.7.4. Transport
The present transportation system of the town is far from being satisfactory. The poorly
maintained roads, level crossings, non-motorized traffic and encroachment all are
adversely affecting the existing road network. All these factors have been given thorough
consideration while making proposals. The Road Transport System can be divided into
two major categories.
 Intercity Roads
 Intracity Roads
The total area of the railway station is 110 acres.
The table below shows the important traffic arteries;
Table 2.10: Major Traffic Arteries
Sr. Name of the Right of Counting Metaled Road

No. Road Way Period Width
1 Warburton Road 24’ 14 Hours 12’
2 Mangtanwala 44’ 14 hours 12’
Road
3 Mananwala Road 20’ 14 Hours 10’
4 Buchoki Road 32’ 14 Hours 12’
5 Jaranwala Road 32’ 14 Hours 12’
Source: ODP Nankana Sahib, Government of Punjab, Housing and Physical Planning
Department
2.7.5. Refuse Collection & Disposal

 Proper refuse bins are proposed to be constructed for the collection of refuse in
the city.
 The present refuse collection and disposal arrangements are manually operated.
Therefore, it is proposed to introduce tractor trolleys for the efficient collection
and disposal of refuse from various parts of the city.
 The refuse collected can also be used for filling up the small ponds which have
already been proposed to be eliminated in accordance with a phased programme.
CHAPTER # 3
ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
OF NANKANA SAHIB
Ch. 3 Environmental Profile of Nankana Sahib 28 | P a g e
Chapter 3– ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF NANKANA SAHIB
3.1. Climate of Nankana Sahib

The climate of the Nankana Sahib is subject to extreme variations. From the middle of
December to the middle of March, the air is very damp or cold and light to moderate rain
falls at intervals. The season of the winter rains is followed by a spell of very pleasant
weather. In April, the temperature rises fast, and the two successive months are very hot.
Towards the end of June, monsoon conditions appear and during the following two and a
half months’ spells of rainy weather alternate with intervals of sultry oppressive weather.
The average rainfall in the district is about 635mm.
3.2. Environmental Issues

In Nankana Sahib the disposal of solid waste is mainly done in the form of open
dumping, at a place named Dharian, in the city. This open dumping is creating total in-
sanitary & unhygienic conditions, degrading the environment of the town, emitting
obnoxious smells and providing breeding ground for mosquitoes and flies. Citizens
complain about this dumping but presently, TMA has no other option for final disposal.
Options for final disposal including composting for organic materials, regional based
incinerators or regional land filling options must be explored.
3.3. Urbanization & Commercialization

In Nankana Sahib, in-migration of people is very low because of non-maintenance and
non- up gradation of infrastructure; this states that the rate of urbanization is also low.
As for commercialization, Nankana Sahib has a lot of open spaces owing to low
development status, where in future various housing schemes and commercial areas may
be introduced. A separate commercial area has also been designated at Warburton Road
and similarly small commercial areas have also been planned within the various
neighborhoods of Nankana Sahib.
3.4. Services in Environmental Perspective

3.4.1. Sewage & Street Run-Off
The sewerage condition of the city is only satisfactory. The inhabitants of the city are
content regarding the sewerage system. It is also observed that the sewerage lines and
manholes are properly covered; little infrastructural improvements are required at very
urgent basis. Whereas the street run off is also witnessed as there are also holes for
drainage or rain water combined with the sewage water.
3.4.2. Drainage Network

A network of surface drains or open drains in Nankana Sahib carries waste water from
various sources and ultimately enters the Ravi River. These open drains are earthen
channels which cause the leaching of various pollutants directly to groundwater. The
quality of wastewater in drains is deteriorating with the passage of time.
3.4.3. Drinking Water Quality

The purpose of this section is to provide a detailed technical assessment of water quality
in Nankana Sahib. The outcome of this assessment will be used for master planning in
order to identify problems and solutions; and resource mobilization for future
improvement of water supply.
The residents of Nankana Sahib are forced to use highly contaminated and salty water for
drinking purposes otherwise they have to pay for their basic entity of living i.e. safe
drinking water. In Nankana Sahib, the quality of drinking water is continuously being
deteriorated due to untreated municipal and industrial water and drainage from
agriculture effluent.
3.4.4. Solid Waste Management

Given current estimated population parameters and national per capita solid waste
standards, Nankana Sahib currently generates about 27.71 tons of municipal solid waste
daily and is estimated to have a yearly volume of 10,114 tons. In absence of a proper
solid waste management system and data non-availability, such estimates and
calculations are based upon the following formula;
Current population X 0.4 kg/capita/day solid waste produced
Solid waste generation in Pakistan ranges between 0.283 to 0.612 kg/capita/day therefore
waste generation for Nankana Sahib is assumed around 0.4 kg/capita/day.
Due to its population growth and increase in economic activity, Nankana Sahib’s daily
generation is destined to accelerate to about 39.97 tons per day (14589 tons per year) by
2023 using 0.457 kg/capita/day, and then to about 58.52 tons daily (21287 tons per year)
by 2033 using 0.531 kg/capita/day as shown in graph. This is a massive amount of
municipal waste for Nankana Sahib. In future this may prove catastrophic, until a plan is
devised and implemented at the earliest to cater for this waste.
3.4.5. Air
The air in and around Nankana Sahib is quite polluted. Major source of air pollution in
Nankana Sahib are rice mills and brick kilns for the dwellers. Industries have been
discharging gases directly in the air without any purification which has been destroying
the crops and human health. People are facing many diseases due to air pollution like
lung diseases, throat diseases and other respiratory infections.
Nankana Sahib has a total of 151 industries; including chemical, straw board, cold
storage, flour mills, food products, industrial machinery, power generation, rice mills,
soap and detergents, sugar, textile spinning and textile weaving.
Rice mills have the largest contribution in pollution. Hundreds of people have also staged
a demonstration against the rice mills for causing environmental pollution at Ladoana
Village. The Environment Protection Department has taken strong action regarding
functioning of brick kilns to counter the effects of smog in the area. Any brick kiln using
substandard fuel will not be allowed to operate. However, brick kilns on zigzag
technology are allowed operations.
After the field survey of Nankana Sahib City, it is suggested that Government should
push brick kiln owners to shift to cleaner technologies. Strong actions should be taken
against kiln operators for using dirty technologies. Government should also set higher
emission standards for vehicles. Traffic congestion should be managed/resolved by the
Authority. Plantation should be encouraged along roads especially main roads or areas of
high activities to mitigate the effects of pollution due to traffic jams.
3.4.6. Industrialization
Industry, which can be very fundamental in establishing, boosting, and enlivening the
city, matters a lot for a new urban area and even a city. In Nankana Sahib, industrial
development is mostly taking place in a haphazard manner, mainly along Mangtanwala
Road. The present strength of industrial workers is only 0.26% to the total population of
the city. It is assumed that the rate of industrial workers’ participation would increase at
least 5% during the plan period (ODP Nankana Sahib). An industrial estate measuring an
area of about 40 acres’ land is proposed on Mangtanwala road for the establishment of
industry in a planned and systematic manner.
There are about 151 large, medium and some small industrial units in the district.
Industry-wise installed capacity of major industrial units is given in the table;
Table 3.11: Industries in Nankana Sahib

Sr. No. Industry Number of Units
1 Chemical 1
2 Chip/Straw Board 1
3 Cold Storage 1
4 Cotton Ginning & Pressing 1
5 Flour Mills 4
6 Food Product 1
7 Industrial Machinery 1
8 Power Generation 3
9 Rice Mills 109
10 Soap & Detergents 3
11 Sugar 2
12 Textile Processing 1
Source: Pre-Investment Study of Nankana Sahib 2012
Figure 3.14: Industrial Estates of Nankana Sahib City

3.5. Conclusion
Nankana Sahib is facing serious environmental issues regarding solid waste and open
drainage, which requires serious attention at all levels. Air pollution is also major issue of
that area, production of rice and establishment of brick kilns is the reason of economic
development but also the cause of air pollution. Industrial development is also taking
place in haphazard manner. Suggestions have been provided for government to push
brick kiln owners to shift to cleaner technologies and for setting higher emission
standards for vehicles and kilns to control air pollution. TMA must also establish a proper
channel for final solid waste disposal. Options for final disposal including composting for
organic materials, regional based incinerators or regional land filling option must also be
explored.
CHAPTER # 4
IDENTIFICATION OF
PLANNING PROBLEMS IN
NANKANA SAHIB
Ch. 4 Identification of Planning Problems 35 | P a g e
Chapter 4– IDENTIFICATION OF PLANNING PROBLEMS IN

NANKANA SAHIB
4.1. Sewerage & Drainage

The sewerage and drainage systems in Nankana Sahib are only satisfactory. Open drains
can also be seen in the city. According to the ODP of Nankana Sahib, the central parts of
the city has pucca drains but the katchi abadis like Shad Bagh colony and Mogah Mundi
etc. have zig zag channels creating very unhygienic conditions. The katchi abadis require
special attention as the problem has reached to an alarming situation with the passage of
time.
Furthermore, there is a problem of the improper disposal of sullage. At present, the
sewerage is collected in several big and small ponds at various places in and around the
city. There is an urgent need of elimination of these ponds.
As the ODP states, a sewerage scheme for the central part of the city was also introduced
by the public health engineering department but the same has not been brought into
operation so far.
Figure 4.15: Site of Sewerage Connected with Open Drain

4.1.1. Major Issues
 Unplanned urbanization.
 Lack of coordination among service providers.
 Inadequate network of sewers, open drains and lack of facilities for disposal of
effluent.
 Almost no facility treatment of the wastewater.
 Low coverage of piped sewerage system.
Table 4.12: Percentage distribution of household population according to disposal of

waste water
Waste Water Disposal
S Sewerage Sewerage Open Proper
Pit in or No. of
r. Connected Connected Septic Street Disposal
Outside Househol
N with Main with Open Tank or of Waste
House ds
o. Line Drain Fields Water
District
1 Nankana 7.6 51.2 7.4 10.9 32.1 56.8 592,843
Sahib
Tehsils
Nankana
1 9.4 40.4 13.7 6.2 30.0 63.2 5,187
Sahib
Safdar
2 5.2 65.4 8.1 2.4 18.5 78.2 1,519
Abad
Shah
3 3.6 59.5 15.6 1.2 20.0 78.6 1,670
Kot
Shangla
4 8.6 69.8 8.5 1.5 11.6 86.2 1,129
Hill
Source: Government of the Punjab, Planning & Development Department, Bureau of
Statistics
4.2. Solid Waste Management

The existing Solid Waste Management of Nankana Sahib is being managed by the TMA.
The population of city was 48,899 individuals in 1998 and is currently estimated at
69,282 individuals. Current per capita waste generation is 0.4 kg per capita, which is
likely to increase by 1.5% every year. Nankana Sahib currently generates about 27.71
tons of municipal solid waste daily and is estimated to have a yearly volume of 10,114
tons. (PMDFC, 2013)
Figure 4.16: Solid Waste Dumped on Streets in Nankana Sahib

4.2.1. Existing Details of SWM in Nankana Sahib

Table 4.13: Existing details of tools & equipment used for solid waste collection
Sr. Numbers Available
Description
No. Total Out of Order Working
1 Wheel Barrows / Hand Carts 2 x 2
2 Masonry Enclosures 1 x 1
Tractor Trolleys (Auto 5 tractors – 5 tractors – 3
3 1 trolley
Unloading) 4 trolleys trolleys
Mechanized Loader
4 1 x 1
Equipment
Source: PMDFC, 2013
Table 4.14: Details of existing vehicles used for solid waste collection
Sr. Tractors Make (Model / Year Conditio Condition Condition
No of Manufacture) n of Body of Engine of Tires
.
1 4-Fiat 640 2012/2012 Normal Normal Normal
2 1-Fiat 480 2007/2007 Normal Normal Normal
3 1-Loader 375 1997/1997 Normal Normal Normal
4 1-Trolley 1985/1985 Poor - Poor
5 3-Trolleys 2012/2012 Normal - Normal
Source: PMDFC, 2013
4.2.2. Irregularities Observed in Domestic Solid Waste Management

 There is no proper waste collection system.
 Waste is dumped on the streets and on empty spaces, there being no proper
dumping site or landfill.
 Different types of waste are not collected separately.
 Open burning and dumping of waste is very common.
 Citizens are not aware of the consequences of reckless waste disposal and
resulting environmental and public health problems.
 Lack of technical expertise for planning the collection and disposal of solid waste.
 No guidelines for recycling and lack of waste management rules.
4.2.3. Major Issues

 Onsite storage, collection, transfer and disposal.
 Solid waste dumping places within city at various places.
 Slaughter house/Hospital/Hazardous waste mixed with municipal waste.
 No proper final disposal site.
 32 hand carts (10 out of order).
 19 open collection points.
 Transportation vehicles used for transporting solid waste are not covered.
 Shortage of sanitation staff.
 Inadequate equipment.
 The solid waste management (SWM) department lacks strategic direction, has an
under- developed workforce and poor management systems.
 Inadequate planning capacity, poor information and weak financial management.
 Existing institutional arrangements for SWM suffer from fragmentation, lack of
clear division of responsibilities, and inadequate planning, management and
enforcement capacity.
 The legal and regulatory framework for SWM has several shortcomings that limit
its effectiveness. The main weaknesses are fragmentation and lack of clear
allocation of duties and responsibilities.
4.3. Water Supply System

The subsoil of the town is bar soil and is also known as Missie soil. The low land along
the river Ravi has light soil. The central portion which is the Deg Valley has stiff soil.
Stiff soil is either Rohi or Kallarathi depending on the salt. The water is fit for human
consumption though a bit salty.
The drinking water to Nankana Sahib is supplied through a water tank, having a capacity
of 50,000 gallons constructed in 1969. As the population of the city has increased up to
29,000; it is clear that the system is grossly insufficient to meet the existing demand. The
water requirement per person has been estimated 25 gallons per capita per day. The need
of the city comes to 7, 25,000 gallons per day. Some of the shortage is covered through
hand pumps and wells but still there is need of further extension of the existing municipal
water supply system.
Presently, 1006 domestic connections are there in the central part of the city. The public
health engineering department has embarked upon extension programs keeping in view
the increasing water requirement of the city.
An urban water supply scheme for Nankana Sahib is an approved on-going project(by
which department) having a cost of 214.373 million with the aim to identify the problems
and constraints hindering the supply of safe drinking water to the community by this
water supply scheme.
Other aspects covered by the project include:
 Water supply source and its quality;
 Existing layout of the scheme;
 Water quality situation at source, specific locations in the delivery system and
consumers’ end;
 Present practices of water treatment;
 Adequacy of the system;
 Future water requirement;
 Identification of problems in the distribution network.
This Scheme will analyze the problems confronted and recommend solutions and
remedial measures ultimately to ensure the delivery of safe drinking water to the
community of Nankana Sahib.
4.3.1. Major Issues

 For most of the water supply schemes, the layout plans were not made available
by the concerned executing agencies, in spite of great efforts. These plans were
not traceable in the PHED and TMA offices as well.
 Most of the distribution pipelines have been laid in the sewerage drains without
using standard connecting accessories such as reducers, tee fittings, elbows and
other pipelines fittings.
 The deteriorated water supply schemes infrastructure and poor physical
conditions of the components including pump/motor housing, storage and water
distribution systems. The distribution pipelines made of different materials are

very old and have completed their design life.
 Physical as well as hygienic conditions of surface and overhead storage tanks, are
not good and mostly not maintained and cleaned, periodically.
 It has been observed that the maintenance areas such as occasional cleaning,
servicing of valves and hydrants, leak checking, repairs, disinfection of repaired
section of the water distribution system, etc. are totally neglected by the operation
staff of the water supply scheme that are existing.
4.4. Transportation System

An efficient transportation system is necessary for adequate social, economic and
physical development of any area. Good accessibility attracts jobs and residences which
in turn bring in economic development. The importance is also judged by the fact that it
is difficult to get insight to other problems of urban centers without understanding the
transportation system. Upgradation of existing and provision of new transportation
network and linkages determines the future development pattern.
Nankana Sahib is important for its rice export to different cities and is linked to them
through roads and rail. Major mode of transportation from Nankana to other cities is its
railway. It is connected with all big cities of the country by rail. Nankana is also
connected to surrounding areas through a network of inter-city roads.
4.4.1. Main Roads

The location of city is quite important; Nankana Sahib is linked to Lahore, Faisalabad,
Sheikhupura and Sargodha(join these paragraphs).
Shahkot Road, Mananwala Road and Jaranwala Road are the major roads passing
through the city and are managed by District Government. These are the main roads
connecting the city with other cities of country.
4.4.2. Major Urban Roads

The commonly in use and vehicles observed on the roads of Nankana City are
motorcycle, rickshaw and wagons. Both low-income and middle-income families are
prominent users of these vehicles. Following are the urban unit routes in the city.
 Mangtanwala Road
 Mananwala Road
 Bucheki Road
 Railway Road
 Feroze Warburton Road
 Jaranwala Road
 Shahkot Road
 Basti Mian Meer Road
4.4.3. Physical Condition of Intra-City Roads

The physical condition of most of intra city roads is poor. All these roads have deficient
width and drainage, due to which movement in inner city is uneasy.
The prominent roads falling under this category are:
4.4.3.1. Mangtanwala Road
Mangtanwala Road, which can play a vital role for the economic development of the city,
is in bad condition due to very poor maintenance as shown in the figure. Admor filling
station, Bus stand, Mohallah Gau Shalah, PSO petrol pump, Police Rescue 15, Rice
Factory, Wagon Stands and Telephone Exchange Building, Nankana Sahib are all present
on Mangtanwala Road.
Figure 4.17: Poor Maintenance of Mangtanwala Road
4.4.3.2. Bucheki Road

At present, there are a lot of commercial shops along Bucheki Road which are actually
playing a vital role in the development of economy of Nankana Sahib.
Figure 4.18: Commercial Area along Bucheki Road

4.4.3.3. Warburton Road

Nankana Sahib -Warburton Road is passing through Warburton Town, where the
highway traffic mixes up with the local traffic and as a result many traffic problems are
being created. At present, there is no development on Warburton road. Traffic network is
not satisfactory.
Figure 4.19: Warburton Road

4.4.4. Bus Stops
Ten bus and truck stops are provided in the city. These bus stops are in unsatisfactory
condition and need some up gradation as shown in figure. Following is the list of bus
stops.
 Mandi Mor bus stop
 Lahore Mor bus stop
 Kartarpur bus stop
 Lari Adda
 Pinshanian bus stop
 Adda Shah Kot bus stop
 Madinapur bus stop
 Gulistan Colony/ Zeeshan Ghafoor bus stop
Figure 4.20: Bus Stops in Nankana Sahib
4.4.5. Railway Line

Nankana Sahib is connected with all big cities of the country by rail. The most
comfortable and affordable trains connect Nankana Sahib with Lahore and Karachi. A
special train also connects Nankana Sahib to India via Lahore. Some taxis are also
available at the railway station.
Figure 4.21: Railway Stations in Nankana Sahib

4.4.6. Major Issues in Transportation Sector

Transportation network plays a dynamic role in the development of an area. It provides
opportunity for economic development of a region. Although, deprived transportation
network generates hurdles in the development of an area.
According to the observation made after surveys, existing condition of most of the roads
is unsatisfactory. Inter-city roads are relatively in better condition than intra-city roads in
Nankana Sahib. Due to absence of paved shoulders and footpaths, the pedestrians must
use metaled road. On-street parking and encroachment is also observed along roadside.
This factor can contribute to different traffic problems and accidents in daily life. There is
not even a single road or chowk which has been provisioned with a traffic signal.
Nankana Sahib lacks public transport like bus services or auto rickshaws. Motorcycle
rickshaws are the widely utilized public transport whereas, most of the people own motor
bikes. Considering the future growth, transportation system conditions in Nankana Sahib
need to be improved, upgraded and maintained accurately.
Some transportation issues that are observed are listed as follows:
4.4.6.1. Increased Traffic Volume in Inner Suburbs

The most widely used vehicle in Nankana Sahib are motorbikes and it is estimated that
the number of self-owned vehicles will drastically increase in future. The existing
condition and road width are not sufficient to cope with the increasing number of traffic
volume of the city. In doctor bazaar of old city, serious chaos is observed. The road
infrastructure needs to be upgraded and maintained to accommodate increased traffic
volume.
4.4.6.2. Inefficient Local Transportation System

The local transport system is not that efficient to solve transport problems faced by the
residents. The transport system is not available between internal roads and intercity roads.
There is absence of public transport for movement within the city. Therefore, it is an
urgent requirement to provide public transport to the natives.
4.4.6.3. Poor Traffic Management on Inner City Roads

Traffic management is not proper in the city. The internal roads are crowded, and the
situation will worsen in future because there are neither traffic signals nor wardens on
roads for enforcement of law and order of traffic in the city. The main reason behind this
conflict is the increasing number of encroachments and on-street parking on main roads.
Arrangements and facilities available are not enough for the fast-growing population in
the existing area.
4.4.6.4. Limited Private Sector Role

Private sector plays a significant role in the development of any sector, everywhere. In
the city no such efforts are made by private sector to enhance the current scenario.
Private sector involvement in urban transport is generally limited to the provision of
urban transport services which needs to be provided at a local level.
4.4.6.5. Limited Public Awareness

The required community participation is not seen in Nankana. The community has
limited know how about how to utilize their basic rights. Majority of citizens have not
been given access to traffic education which is why they are not bothered to follow traffic
rules and regulations creating a disorganized road system and a mess all over the city.
4.4.6.6. Inadequacy of Traffic Management Laws & Authorities

There is a need of enforcement of laws and creation of proper authorities to manage the
traffic problems. Policies and other regulating authorities are necessary to enforce the
rules to maintain the system of the city. Law enforcement authority also needs to play
their role in implementation and management of traffic rules.
4.4.6.7. Absence of Urban Transport Service

In the city, no urban transport services are available. Motorcycle rickshaws and
autorickshaws are available mostly, but there is no proper public transport such as BRTs
present in other cities.
4.5. Industrial Waste Management

There are 17 different industrial units working in the Nankana Sahib and the most
important one is the Rice Mill Industry. The rice industries are in a large number and are
located on different major roads linking to Nankana Sahib.
Rice mills are the backbone industry of the area and the major international export is of
Saila Rice from this area.
4.5.1. Major Issues

 There are several industrial units of rice which include rice processing and
packaging, hence the raw material of plastic and rice is collected, but the city has
no specific area to dispose this junk off.
 The major issue is the lack of dumping sites, there was a small dumping area for
the municipal waste but there is no clue regarding the industrial waste dumping
and collection.
 Due to improper waste management there were piles of garbage on many
locations such as on vacant plots and on some agricultural lands as well.
CHAPTER # 5
DATA ANALYSIS OF
NANKANA SAHIB MASTER
PLANNING SURVEYS
Ch. 5 Data Analysis 50 | P a g e
Chapter 5– DATA ANALYSIS OF NANKANA SAHIB MASTER

PLANNING SURVEYS
5.1. Demographic Survey
5.1.1. Gender of Respondents
Table 5.15: Gender

Sr. No. Valid Frequency Percent
1 Male 4 26.7
2 Female 11 73.3
3 Total 15 100.0
Figure 5.22: Gender
The graph above shows the percentage of male & females in Nankana Sahib.
5.1.2. Age of Respondents
Table 5.16: Age

1 21-30 7 46.7
2 31-40 4 26.7
3 Above 40 4 26.7
4 Total 15 100.0
Figure 5.23: Age
This graph shows the age percentage of people in Nankana Sahib’s residences. It also
shows that people of the age group 21-30 are more in numbers than other age groups.
5.1.3. Marital Status of Respondents

Table 5.17: Marital Status
1 Single 2 13.3
2 Married 13 86.7
3 Total 15 100.0
Figure 5.24: Marital Status

Shown is the number of singles and the married in the houses where survey was
conducted.
5.1.4. Language Spoken by Respondents

Table 5.18: Language Spoken
1 Urdu 6 40.0
2 Punjabi 9 60.0
3 Total 15 100.0

Figure 5.25: Language Spoken
The percentage of languages spoken in the residences of Nankana Sahib is shown. A high
percentage of Punjabi speakers as compared to Urdu is seen.
5.1.5. Education Level of Respondents(adjust on one page title and table)
Table 5.19: Education Level

1 Matriculation 5 33.3
2 Graduation 1 6.7
3 Post-Graduation 3 20.0
4 Other 6 40.0
5 Total 15 100.0

Figure 5.26: Education Level
The level of education in Nankana Sahib is shown.
5.1.6. Religion of Respondents(adjust on one page title and table)
Table 5.20: Religion

1 Islam 15 100.0
Figure 5.27: Religion
The graph shows that mostly all the residents in Nankana follow Islam.
5.1.7. Nationality of Respondents
Table 5.21: Nationality

1 Pakistani 15 100.0
Figure 5.28: Nationality
Above shown is the nationality of residents in Nankana. Mostly people are Pakistanis.
5.1.8. Family Structure of Respondents
Table 5.22: Family Structure

1 Isolated 2 13.3
2 Nuclear 2 13.3
3 Joint 11 73.3
4 Total 15 100.0

Figure 5.29: Family Structure
Mostly residences employ joint family system in Nankana as shown from the graph
above.
5.1.9. Number of People in Respondent’s Family
Table 5.23: Number of People in Family

1 Below 25 15 100.0
Figure 5.30: Number of People in Family
The graph shows that majorly, less than 25 people reside inside the houses in Nankana.
5.1.10. Number of Households in Respondent’s House
Table 5.24: Number of Households in the House

1 1 4 26.7
2 2 3 20.0
3 Other 4 26.7
4 Not Answered 4 26.7
4 Total 15 100.0

Figure 5.31: Number of Households in the House
The number of households in the residences of Nankana Sahib are shown.
5.1.11. Number of Earning Members in Respondent’s Family
Table 5.25: Earning Members in the Family

1 1 2 13.3
2 2 4 26.7
3 3 4 26.7
4 More than 3 4 26.7
6 Total 15 100.0

Figure 5.32: Earning Members in the Family
The maximum and minimum number of members who are earning in houses of Nankana
are shown.
5.2. Commercial Survey
5.2.1. Type of Commercial Activity
Table 5.26: Type of Commercial Activity

Sr. No. Valid Frequency
1 Retail 25
2 Whole sale 1
3 Other 5
4 Total 31
Figure 5.33: Type of Commercial Activity
As shown above, thirty markets were surveyed from which it is analyzed that 81 percent
are of retail and 3 percent are practicing the whole sale commercial activity in the city.
5.2.2. Type of Commercial Area
Table 5.27: Type of Commercial Area

1 Bazaar 29
2 Plaza 1
3 Other 1
4 Total 31
Figure 5.34: Type of Commercial Area
As the surveyed data suggests, majorly the commercial area in Nankana Sahib are
bazaars contributing about 94 percent to the economy.
5.2.3. Nature of the Shop
Table 5.28: Nature of the Shop

1 Permanent 19
2 Temporary 12
3 Total 31
Figure 5.35: Nature of the Shop
More than fifty percent of the shops are permanent in the town only 39 percent are
temporary.
5.2.4. Area of the Shop
Table 5.29: Area of the Shop

1 Less than 5 Marla 26
2 Above 5 Marla 22
3 Between 7-10 Marla 3
4 Total 31
Figure 5.36: Area of the Shop
84 percent respondents had a shop area of less than 5 marlas which states that very few
shops are above 5 marlas.
5.2.5. Frontage of the Shop
Table 5.30: Frontage of Shop (ft.)

1 Less than 10 ft. 22
2 Between 10-15 ft. 8
3 Above 15 ft. 1
4 Total 31
Figure 5.37: Frontage of Shop (ft.)
71 percent shops are with a frontage of less than 10 ft., only 3 percent have above 15 ft.
frontage.
5.2.6. Access Road Width of Shop
Table 5.31: Access Road Width of Shop

1 40 26
2 50 5
3 Total 31
Figure 5.38: Access Road Width of Shop
84 percent shops are surveyed with their front road width of 40 ft. whereas 16 percent
those of 50ft. width.
5.2.7. Encroached Area of the Shop
Table 5.32: Encroached Area of the Shop

1 >=5 28
2 >=10 3
3 Total 31
Figure 5.39: Encroached Area of the Shop
Majority of the shops have encroached area of about 5 ft., only few of the shops have
reserved 10 ft. as encroachment.
5.2.8. Purpose of Encroachment of the Shop
Table 5.33: Purpose of Encroachment of the Shop

1 Lack of Space 5
2 Display of Commodity 6
3 Both a & b 12
4 As a trend 6
5 other 2
6 Total 31
Figure 5.40: Purpose of Encroachment of the Shop
According to 5 people(in survey), encroachment is given due to the lack of space within
the shop, for 6 it is merely for the display of their commodities. While for 12 people, it is
a trend.
5.2.9. Tenure of the Shop
Table 5.34: Tenure of the Shop

Sr. No Valid Frequency
1 Owned 13
2 Rented 18
3 Total 31
Figure 5.41: Tenure of the Shop
13 shops out of 31 are self-owned while 18 are on rent.
5.2.10. Existence of Business
Table 5.35: Existence of Business

1 1-15 years 17
2 Between16-25 years 5
3 More than 25 years 9
4 Total 31
Figure 5.42: Existence of Business
17 salesmen set their business 1-15 years ago; 5, between 16 – 25 years ago and only 9 of
them started business more than 25 years ago.
5.2.11. Daily Working Hours
Table 5.36: Daily Working Hours

1 Less than 12 hours 9
2 12 hours 13
3 More than 12 hours 9
4 Total 31
Figure 5.43: Daily Working Hours
9 salesmen work less than 12 hours, 13 work for 12 hours while 9 of them work for more
than 12 hours per day.
5.2.12. Property Value of Shop
Table 5.37: Property Value of Shop

1 Up to 30 lacs 6
2 Between 31 to 50 lacs 18
3 Up to 1 crore 7
4 Total 31
Figure 5.44: Property Value of Shop
5.2.13. Daily Revenue Generated
Table 5.38: Daily Revenue Generated (Rs.)

1 Less than 1000 10
2 Between 1100 & 1500 10
3 More than 1500 10
4 Other 1
5 Total 31
Figure 5.45: Daily Revenue Generated (Rs.)
Above shown is the daily revenue generated by the activity of sale & purchase in the
shops.
5.2.14. Parking Availability
Table 5.39: Parking Availability

1 Yes 5
2 No 26
3 Total 31
Figure 5.46: Parking Availability
Given shows an illustration that there is a dire need for provision of adequate parking
spaces to the employees, workers as well as visitors in order to cope with problems of
traffic congestion.
5.2.15. Stock Loading & Unloading Time
Table 5.40: Stock Loading & Unloading Time

1 Morning 23
2 Evening 3
3 Night 2
4 Both a and b 3
5 Total 31
Figure 5.47: Stock Loading & Unloading Time
Mostly stock is loaded & unloaded in the morning. A very small number of shopkeepers
prefer loading and unloading at other times of the day.
5.2.16. Vehicle Used for Stock Loading & Unloading
Table 5.41: Vehicle Used for Stock Loading & Unloading

1 Rickshaw 12
2 Bicycle 4
3 Van 7
4 Truck 8
5 Total 31
Figure 5.48: Vehicle Used for Stock Loading & Unloading
Mostly shopkeepers use rickshaws for loading and unloading of the stock.
5.2.17. Existence/Availability of Utility Services
Table 5.42: Existence/Availability of Utility Services

1 Yes 28
2 No 3
3 Total 31
Figure 5.49: Existence/Availability of Utility Services
According to 28 shopkeepers, utility services were all available or some were missing.
While 3 shopkeepers did not have any of the utility service available in their market.
5.2.18. Willingness for Initiation of any Rehabilitation Program by the

Government
Table 5.43: Willingness for Initiation of any Rehabilitation Program by the Government

1 Yes 23
2 No 8
3 Total 31
Figure 5.50: Willingness for Initiation of any Rehabilitation Program by the Government
23 marketeers were willing to have any kind of rehabilitation program initiated by the
government. 8 of them did not want any rehabilitation program to be initiated by the
government.
5.2.19. Willingness for Participation in any Renewal Program Commenced by

the Government
Table 5.44: Willingness for Participation in any Renewal Program by the Government
1 Yes 25
2 No 6
3 Total 31

Figure 5.51: Willingness for Participation in any Renewal Program by the Government
25 salesmen were willing to participate in any renewal program by the government if it

commences while the rest 6 did not show any positive response.
5.2.20. Terms of Participation in Case of Willingness
Table 5.45: Terms of Participation in Case of Willingness

1 Technical Assistance 9
2 Labor 11
3 Other 11
4 Total 31

Figure 5.52: Terms of Participation in Case of Willingness
9 of the salesmen that were willing, aimed to provide technical assistance for the renewal
program, in a case that it so commences. 11 salesmen aimed to provide labor and another
11 said that they would equip the renewal program with other resources.
5.2.21. Presence of Solid Waste Disposal System
Table 5.46: Presence of Solid Waste Disposal System

1 Yes 19
2 No 12
3 Total 31

Figure 5.53: Presence of Solid Waste Disposal System
19 shops had the facility of proper solid waste collection & disposal system while 12
shops did not have the said facility.
5.2.22. Height of Shop/Plaza
Table 5.47: Height of Shop/Plaza

1 Single 20
2 Double 11
3 Total 31
Figure 5.54: Height of Shop/Plaza
20 of the shops under question were single-storey while the other 8 of them were double
storey.
5.2.23. Condition of Shop
Table 5.48: Condition of Shop

1 Good 13
2 Fair 17
3 Bad 1
4 Total 31
Figure 5.55: Condition of Shop
This question was an observatory question that was to be assessed by the surveyor. 13 of
the shops were marked by the surveyors as the ones in a good condition. 17 shops were
classified as those in a fair condition. 1 of the shops was in a bad condition and it needed
physical improvements.
5.3. Education Survey
5.3.1. Level of Education Provided
Table 5.49: Level of Education Provided

1 Secondary Level 3 75.0
2 Higher Secondary Level 1 25.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.56: Level of Education Provided
Education till secondary level is provided by majority of the institutions.
5.3.2. Ownership of Institution
Table 5.50: Ownership of Institution

1 Government 1 25.0
2 Private 2 50.0
3 Other 1 25.0
4 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.57: Ownership of Institution
The institutions in Nankana Sahib are mostly of private ownership.
5.3.3. Type of Ownership
Table 5.51: Type of Ownership

1 Self-Owned 4 100.0
Figure 5.58: Type of Ownership
The people using the buildings for institutional land use mostly have self-ownership.
5.3.4. Institution Type
Table 5.52: Institution Type

1 Co-Education 3 75.0
2 Girls Only 1 25.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.59: Institute Type
Most institute are classified in co-education category while only a few of them are
separate institutions only for women.
5.3.5. Number of Boys Enrolled
Table 5.53: Number of Boys Enrolled

1 0-100 1 25.0
2 101-150 3 75.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.60: Number of Boys Enrolled
Number of boy students are more than 100 in most institutions.
5.3.6. Number of Girls Enrolled
Table 5.54: Number of Girls Enrolled

1 0-100 1 25.0
2 101-150 3 75.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.61: Number of Girls Enrolled
Number of girl students are also more than 100 in most institutions.
5.3.7. Total Number of Teachers
Table 5.55: Total Number of Teachers

1 51-100 4 100.0
Figure 5.62: Total Number of Teachers
More than 50 teachers are working in all the institutions.
5.3.8. Qualification Level of Teachers
Table 5.56: Qualification Level of Teachers

1 Under Graduation 2 50.0
2 Graduation 2 50.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.63: Qualification Level of Teachers
Mostly teachers have a qualification level of up till graduation.
5.3.9. Number of Classrooms
Table 5.57: Number of Classrooms

1 11-20 4 100.0
Figure 5.64: Number of Classrooms
The number of classrooms in the institution rank between 11-20 majorly.
5.3.10. Types of Science Labs
Table 5.58: Types of Science Labs

1 Physics Labs 1 25.0
2 Chemistry Labs 1 25.0
3 Biology Labs 2 50.0
4 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.65: Types of Science Labs
Biology labs are mostly found in the institutions while chemistry & physics are found
rarely.
5.3.11. Number of Computer Labs
Table 5.59: Number of Computer Labs

1 2 3 75.0
2 3 1 25.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.66: Number of Computer Labs
Most institutions have between 2 and 3 computer labs.
5.3.12. Number of Computers in Lab
Table 5.60: Number of Computers in Labs

1 0-10 4 100.0
Figure 5.67: Number of Computers in Labs
Between 1-10 computers are available in the computer labs.
5.3.13. Availability of Lab Attendants
Table 5.61: Availability of Lab Attendants

1 Yes 4 100.0
Figure 5.68: Availability of Lab Attendants
5.3.14. Total Number of Attendants
Table 5.62: Total Number of Attendants

1 0-3 4 100.0
Figure 5.69: Total Number of Attendants
Between 0-3 attendants are available in the labs.
5.3.15. Availability of Library
Table 5.63: Availability of Library

1 Yes 2 50.0
2 No 2 50.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.70: Availability of Library
Half institutions harbor the facility of a library while half of them do not.
5.3.16. Number of Books in Library
Table 5.64: Number of Books in Library

1 0-50 2 50.0
2 51-100 2 50.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.71: Number of Books in Library
A collection of over 100 books can be found in most libraries.
5.3.17. Facility of Hostel
Table 5.65: Facility of Hostel

1 No 4 100.0
Figure 5.72: Facility of Hostel
The institutions in Nankana do not have the facility of hostels.
5.3.18. Availability of Canteen
Table 5.66: Availability of Canteen

1 Yes 4 100.0
Figure 5.73: Availability of Canteen

(Add at least one line description of the graph)
5.3.19. Condition of Institution Building
Table 5.67: Condition of Building

1 Very Good 2 50.0
2 Fair 2 50.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.74: Condition of Building
Most institutional buildings are in a very good or fair condition.
5.3.20. Availability of Electricity Facility
Table 5.68: Electricity Facility

1 Yes 4 100.0
Figure 5.75: Electricity Facility

5.3.21. Availability of Telephone Service
Table 5.69: Telephone Service

1 Yes 4 100.0
Figure 5.76: Telephone Service

5.3.22. Availability of Water Supply Service
Table 5.70: Water Supply Service

1 Yes 4 100.0
Figure 5.77: Water Supply Service

5.3.23. Availability of Sewerage & Drainage Facility
Table 5.71: Sewerage & Drainage Facility

1 Yes 4 100.0
Figure 5.78: Sewerage & Drainage Facility

5.3.24. Availability of Solid Waste Collection Facility
Table 5.72: Solid Waste Collection Availability

1 Yes 3 75.0
2 No 1 25.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.79: Solid Waste Collection Availability

5.3.25. Availability of Dispensary Service
Table 5.73: Dispensary Service

1 Yes 1 25.0
2 No 3 75.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.80: Dispensary Service

5.3.26. Proper Road Access
Table 5.74: Proper Road Access

1 Yes 1 25.0
2 No 3 75.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.81: Proper Road Access

5.3.27. Availability of School Bus
Table 5.75: Availability of School Bus

1 Yes 1 25.0
2 No 3 75.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.82: Availability of School Bus

5.3.28. Availability of Washroom Facility
Table 5.76: Washroom Facility

1 Yes 4 100.0
Figure 5.83: Washroom Facility

5.3.29. Availability of Residence Facility for Staff
Table 5.77: Residence Facility for Staff

1 Yes 1 25.0
2 No 3 75.0
3 Total 4 100.0
Figure 5.84: Residence Facility for Staff

5.4. Transportation Survey
5.4.1. Address of Respondents
Table 5.78: Address

1 Bairiwala Chowk 1 5.6
2 Beri Wala Chowk 4 22.2
3 Gol Chakkar Bazaar 1 5.6
4 Housing Colony 1 5.6
5 Main Bazaar 1 5.6
6 Mairiwala Chowk 1 5.6
7 Mal Godown 1 5.6
8 Moga Mandi 1 5.6
9 Mohalla Sheikhan Waala 2 11.1
10 Officers Colony 1 5.6
11 Shad Bagh 1 5.6
12 Shad Bagh Colony 2 11.1
13 Ward No. 16 1 5.6
14 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.85: Address

5.4.2. Education Level of Respondents
Table 5.79: Education Level

1 Illiterate 2 11.1
2 Intermediate 8 44.4
3 Matric 4 22.2
4 Bachelors 4 22.2
5 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.86: Education Level
The graph indicates that most of the respondents have intermediate education level.
5.4.3. Origin of the Respondents
Table 5.80: Origin

1 Beriwala Chowk 2 11.1
2 Bairiwala Chowk 3 16.7
3 Housing Colony 1 5.6
4 Jaranwala Road 1 5.6
5 Mal Godown Road 1 5.6
6 Moga Mandi 1 5.6
7 Mohalla Sheikhan Waala 1 5.6
8 Nankana Sahib 1 5.6
9 Near Municipal Center 1 5.6
10 Officers Colony 1 5.6
11 Shad Bagh 1 5.6
12 Shad Bagh Colony 1 5.6
13 Sheikhupura 2 11.1
14 Ward No. 16 1 5.6
15 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.87: Origin
This graph illustrates that most of the respondents have their origin from Bairiwala
Chowk and Sheikhupura.
5.4.4. Destination of the Respondents
Table 5.81: Destination

1 2 11.1
2 Mal Godown Road 6 33.3
3 Beri Waala Chowk 10 55.6
4 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.88: Destination
This graph illustrates that most of the respondents have their destination to Bairiwala
Chowk and Mal Godown Road.
5.4.5. Number of Vehicles
Table 5.82: Number of Vehicles

1 None 3 16.7
2 1 9 50.0
3 2 4 22.2
4 More than 2 2 11.1
5 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.89: Number of Vehicles
Number of Vehicles
60
50
Percent 40
30
20
10
0
No 2 1 More than 2
This graph illustrates that most of the respondents have one vehicle in their house.
5.4.6. Vehicle Type(Adjust table and title in one page)
Table 5.83: Vehicle Type

1 1 5.6
2 Motor Bike 15 83.3
3 Other 2 11.1
4 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.90: Vehicle Type
What vehicle is used by the respondent to travel

from origin to destination?
90
80
70
60
Percent 50
40
30
20
10
0
Motor Bike Other
This graph illustrates that most of the respondents use motorbike to travel from origin to
destination.
5.4.7. Availability of Public Transport Facility
Table 5.84: Availability of Public Transport Facility

1 2 11.1
2 Yes 11 61.1
3 No 5 27.8
4 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.91: Availability of Public Transport Facility
Is there any public transport facility available in

respondent's area?
70
60
50
Percent 40
30
20
10
0
Yes No
This graph illustrates that public transport facility is available in the city.
5.4.8. Type of Public Transport Required
Table 5.85: Type of Public Transport Required

1 Public Buses 10 55.6
2 None 8 44.4
3 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.92: Type of Public Transport Required
What type of public transport is required by

the respondent to travel from origin to
destination?
60
50
40
Percent
30
20
10
0
Public Buses No
This graph illustrates that most respondents need provision of bus systems in the city.
5.4.9. Type of Public Transport Used
Table 5.86: Type of Public Transport Used

1 Walking Distance 2 11.1
2 Buses 7 38.9
3 Rickshaw 9 50.0
4 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.93: Type of Public Transport Used
What type of public transport is used by the

respondent to travel from origin to destination?
60
50
40
Percent
30
20
10
0
Walking Distance Buses Rikshaw
This graph illustrates that most respondents use rickshaw in travelling from their origins
to their destination.
5.4.10. Road Encroachments
Table 5.87: Road Encroachments

1 2 11.1
2 Yes 10 55.6
3 No 6 33.3
4 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.94: Road Encroachments
Are any road encroachments faced by

the respondent in their area?
60
50
40
Percent
30
20
10
0
Yes No
5.4.11. Effect of Road Encroachments on Traffic Flow
Table 5.88: Effect of Road Encroachments on Traffic Flow

1 Congestion 17 94.4
2 Encroachments 1 5.6
3 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.95: Effect of Road Encroachments on Traffic Flow
If “Yes” than how are road

encroachments affecting traffic flow?
100
90
80
70
60
Percent
50
40
30
20
10
0
Congestion Encroachments

This graph illustrates that road encroachment problem exists in the city and it is a major
cause of traffic congestion.
5.4.12. Traffic Congestion
Table 5.89: Traffic Congestion

1 No Data 7 38.9
2 Beri Waala Chowk 8 44.4
3 Jaranwala Chowk 3 16.7
4 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.96: Traffic Congestion
On which road, mostly traffic congestion

problem is faced by the respondent?
50
45
40
35
30
25
Percent
20
15
10
5
0
No Data Bari Wala Chowk JaranWala Chowk
This graph illustrates that the problem of traffic congestion mostly exists on Beri Wala
Chowk in the city.
5.4.13. Road Conditions

Table 5.90: Road Conditions

1 Satisfactory 9 50.0
2 Not Satisfactory 9 50.0
3 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.97: Road Conditions
What are the road conditions in respondent's

area?
60
50
40
Percent
30
20
10
0
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory
This graph illustrates that half the roads harbor satisfactory conditions while the other
half has unsatisfactory conditions.
5.4.14. Road with the Most Substandard Conditions
Table 5.91: Road with the Most Substandard Conditions

2 Beri Wala Chowk to Hira Chowk 9 50.0
3 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.98: Road with the Most Substandard Conditions
If the conditions are unsatisfactory, than which road

is in the worst condition?
60
50
40
30
Percent
20
10
0
Not Answered Bari Wala Chowk to Hira Chowk
This graph illustrates that most Beri Wala Chowk to Hira Chowk are the roads in the
most substandard conditions.
5.4.15. Types of Road Improvements Required
Table 5.92: Types of Road Improvements Required

2 Every Kind 5 27.8
3 Not Required 3 16.7
4 Signage 3 16.7
5 Wardens on Roads 2 11.1
6 Medians/Green Belts 1 5.6
7 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.99: Types of Road Improvements Required
Which kind of improvements are required by

respondent on the roads?
30
25
20
Percent 15
10
0
Not Everykind No Sinage Warden Median
Answered
This graph illustrates that most respondents need all kinds of improvements on roads.
5.4.16. Existing Road Infrastructure
Table 5.93: Existing Road Infrastructure

2 Every Kind 2 11.1
3 No 5 27.8
4 Signage 3 16.7
5 Medians/Green Belts 2 11.1
6 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.100: Existing Road Infrastructure
Which kind of road infrastructure already

exists in the respondent's area?
35
30
25
20
Percent
15
10
5
0
Not Everykind No Sinage Median
Answered

Graph description(All graphs width and length should be same)
5.4.17. Availability of Parking Facilities
Table 5.94: Availability of Parking Facilities

1 Yes 1 5.6
2 No 17 94.4
3 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.101: Availability of Parking Facilities
Are parking facilities available in

respondent's area?
100
80
60
Percent
40
20
0
Yes No
Source: Prepared by Researchers (One line graph description)

5.4.18. Location of Existing Parking Facilities
Table 5.95: Location of Existing Parking Facilities

2 No 1 5.6
3 Near Railway Station 2 11.1
4 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.102: Location of Existing Parking Facilities
If “Yes” where is the location of parking

facilities?
90
80
70
60
50
Percent
40
30
20
10
0
Not Answered No Near Railway
Station
This graph illustrates the altogether absence of parking facilities in Nankana and their
dire need.
5.4.19. Requirement of Parking Facilities
Table 5.96: Requirement of Parking Facilities

2 Yes 15 83.3
3 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.103: Requirement of Parking Facilities
If “No”, is there a requirement of parking facility?

90
80
70
60
50
Percent
40
30
20
10
0
Not Answered Yes

One line graph description
5.4.20. Purpose of Parking
Table 5.97: Purpose of Parking

2 Official 7 38.9
3 Residential 2 11.1
4 Other 5 27.8
5 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.104: Purpose of Parking
What is respondent's purpose of parking?

45
40
35
30
25
Percent
20
15
10
5
0
Not Answered Official Residential Other
This graph illustrates that most respondents need parking for official purposes.
5.4.21. Frequency of Existing Parking Lot Usage
Table 5.98: Frequency of Existing Parking Lot Usage

2 Daily Basis 11 61.1
3 Other 1 5.6
4 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.105: Frequency of Existing Parking Lot Usage
How frequently is the existing parking lot used by the

respondent?
70
60
50
40
Percent
30
20
10
0
Not Answered Daily basis Other
This graph illustrates that most respondents need and use existing parking facilities on
daily basis.
5.4.22. Satisfaction Level of Existing Parking Facilities
Table 5.99: Satisfaction Level of Existing Parking Facilities

2 Fully Satisfied 1 5.6
3 Partially Satisfied 2 11.1
4 Not Satisfied 3 16.7
5 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.106: Satisfaction Level of Existing Parking Facilities
What is the level of satisfaction of security of exisiting

parking lot?
80
70
60
50
40
Percent
30
20
10
0
Not Answered Fully Satisfied Partially Not Satisfactory
Satisfied

5.4.23. Difficulties Faced
Table 5.100: Difficulties Faced

2 Traffic Congestion 6 33.3
Requirement of
3 1 5.6
Parking
Water & Sanitation
4 2 11.1
Improvement
Poor Road
5 1 5.6
Conditions
6 No Problems 3 16.7
7 Total 18 100.0
Figure 5.107: Difficulties Faced
Is any difficulty in general faced by the respondent?

30
20
10
0
t
Percent
ed on g on
er sti rk
in en iti le
m
sw ge a em nd ob
An n d
P ov Co pr
o
ire pr No
No
t cC u Im ad
affi eq n Ro
Tr R tio or
ni
ta Po
Sa
&
er
at
W
This graph illustrates that most respondents face the issue of traffic congestion among
others.
5.5. Environmental Survey
5.5.1. Quality of Water
Table 5.101: Quality of Water

1 Good 7 58.3
2 Bad 5 41.7
3 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.108: Quality of Water
Mostly people in Nankana are satisfied with the quality of water.
5.5.2. Source of Water
Table 5.102: Source of Water

1 Overhead Reservoir (OHR) 4 33.3
2 Tank 7 58.3
3 Tube Wells 1 8.3
4 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.109: Source of Water
This graph shows that most common source of water in Nankana Sahib is tank while
other sources like OHR (overhead reservoir) and tube wells are also being used by the
people.
5.5.3. Water Borne Diseases
Table 5.103: Water Borne Diseases

1 Yes 7 58.3
2 No 5 41.7
3 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.110: Water Borne Diseases
This graph shows that people in Nankana Sahib are being affected by water borne
diseases due to drinking of untreated water.
5.5.4. Effects of Air Pollution
Table 5.104: Effects of Air Pollution

1 Yes 6 50.0
2 No 6 50.0
3 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.111: Effects of Air Pollution
This graph elaborates that there is no as such effect of air pollution in the area.
5.5.5. Effect of Industrial Fumes
Table 5.105: Effect of Industrial Fumes

1 Yes 2 16.7
2 No 10 83.3
3 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.112: Effect of Industrial Fumes
This graph justifies that there are no serious impacts by any industrial fumes on the
residents.
5.5.6. Disposal System for Solid Waste
Table 5.106: Disposal System for Solid Waste

1 Yes 5 41.7
2 No 7 58.3
3 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.113: Disposal System for Solid Waste
This graph shows that there is no proper arrangement of solid waste disposal in Nankana
Sahib. People dispose off the waste through their own efforts. In some areas, sweepers
also come to collect the waste from the houses, but no specific system is in place.
5.5.7. Untreated Effluents in the Area
Table 5.107: Untreated Effluents in the Area

1 No 12 100.0
Figure 5.114: Untreated Effluents in the Area
This graph shows that there are no untreated effluents in Nankana Sahib.
5.5.8. Noise Pollution
Table 5.108: Noise Pollution

1 Yes 1 8.3
2 No 11 91.7
3 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.115: Noise Pollution
This graph justifies that people in Nankana Sahib are not affected by noise pollution as
much as the people in other urban areas.
5.5.9. Environmental Issues
Table 5.109: Environmental Issues

1 Yes 2 16.7
2 No 10 83.3
3 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.116: Environmental Issues
This graph elaborates that people in Nankana Sahib are not willing to shift their houses
due to any environmental issues, given that do not face any such issues at a large scale.
5.5.10. Parks & Gardens
Table 5.110: Parks & Gardens

1 Yes 10 83.3
2 No 2 16.7
3 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.117: Parks & Gardens
This graph defines that existing parks and gardens are quite sufficient to serve the
existing population in Nankana Sahib.
5.5.11. Drainage System
Table 5.111: Drainage System

1 Open 4 33.3
2 Covered 8 66.7
3 Total 12 100.0
Figure 5.118: Drainage System
This graph justifies that most of the drainage system in Nankana Sahib is covered while
some areas do have open drainage as well.
5.6. Housing Survey
5.6.1. Planning of the Area
Table 5.112: Planning of the Area

1 Planned 12 14.8
2 Unplanned 69 85.2
3 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.119: Planning of the Area
The analysis shows that mostly the housing area is unplanned and has developed in a
haphazard manner.
5.6.2. Duration of Residency in the House
Table 5.113: Duration of Residency in the House

1 Less than 5 years 12 14.8
2 6-10 years 8 9.9
3 11-15 years 7 8.6
4 16-20 years 3 3.7
5 21-25 years 5 6.2
6 More than 25 years 46 56.8
7 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.120: Duration of Residency in the House
The graph shows that most people are residing in the area for more than 25 years. While
the others have been living for less than 5 years, for 6 to 10 years, 11 to 15 years, 16 to 20
years and 21 to 25 years.
5.6.3. Size of the Plot
Table 5.114: Size of the Plot

1 5 Marla or Less 64 79.0
2 10 Marla or Less 14 17.3
3 More than 1 Kanal 2 2.5
4 2 Kanal or Less 1 1.2
5 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.121: Size of the Plot
The plot sizes in the residential area are mostly 5 marla and less. Plot sizes of 1 to 2 kanal
were rarely observed.
5.6.4. Year of House Construction
Table 5.115: Year of House Construction

1 Before 1947 11 13.6
2 1948-1957 1 1.2
3 1958-1967 11 13.6
4 1968-1977 23 28.4
5 After 1980 35 43.2
6 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.122: Year of House Construction

5.6.5. Tenure Ship Status of the House
Table 5.116: Tenure Ship Status of the House

1 Owned 74 91.4
2 Rented 7 8.6
3 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.123: Tenure Ship Status of the House
Mostly houses in Nankana are self-owned by the residents.
5.6.6. Structure of the House
Table 5.117: Structure of the House

1 Pucca 70 86.4
2 Semi Pucca 6 7.4
3 Kuccha 5 6.2
4 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.124: Structure of the House
Very less kuccha and semi-pucca houses were seen. Mostly there are pucca houses in
Nankana.
5.6.7. Type of the House
Table 5.118: Type of the House

1 Detached 25 30.9
2 Semi Detached 5 6.2
3 Row Houses 49 60.5
4 Apartment 2 2.5
5 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.125: Type of the House
Mostly row houses were seen in Nankana.
5.6.8. Condition of the House
Table 5.119: Condition of the House

1 Excellent 8 9.9
2 Good 44 54.3
3 Average/Satisfactory 22 27.2
4 Bad 7 8.6
5 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.126: Condition of the House
Mostly, the condition of the houses was good. Houses in excellent condition were rarely
seen. While the houses in bad condition were also in a minority.
5.6.9. Number of Storeys in the House
Table 5.120: Number of Storeys in the House

1 Single 45 55.6
2 Double 34 42.0
3 Triple 1 1.2
4 More than 3 1 1.2
5 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.127: Number of Storeys in the House
Majority of the houses were single storey. Double and triple storey houses were also
seen. More than three storey houses were observed in minority.
5.6.10. Number of Bedrooms in the House
Table 5.121: Number of Bedrooms in the House

1 4 19 23.5
2 3 22 27.2
3 2 21 25.9
4 1 13 16.0
5 7 5 6.2
6 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.128: Number of Bedrooms in the House
Mostly the people have two to three bedrooms in their houses in Nankana.
5.6.11. Number of Washrooms in the House
Table 5.122: Number of Washrooms in the House

1 4 7 8.6
2 3 14 17.3
3 2 28 34.6
4 1 31 38.3
5 0 1 1.2
6 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.129: Number of Washrooms in the House

(One Line Description of the graph)
5.6.12. Number of Kitchens in the House
Table 5.123: Number of Kitchens in the House

1 3 4 4.9
2 2 10 12.3
3 1 61 75.3
4 0 6 7.4
5 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.130: Number of Kitchens in the House

5.6.13. Number of Living Rooms in the House
Table 5.124: Number of Living Rooms in the House

1 4 2 2.5
2 2 3 3.7
3 1 37 45.7
4 0 39 48.1
5 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.131: Number of Living Rooms in the House

5.6.14. Number of Drawing Rooms in the House
Table 5.125: Number of Drawing Rooms in the House

1 3 1 1.2
2 1 57 70.4
3 0 23 28.4
4 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.132: Number of Drawing Rooms in the House

5.6.15. Number of Porches in the House
Table 5.126: Number of Porches in the House

1 3 1 1.2
2 2 1 1.2
3 1 13 16.0
4 0 66 81.5
5 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.133: Number of Porches in the House

5.6.16. Maintenance of the House
Table 5.127: Maintenance of the House

1 Monthly 9 11.1
2 After every 6 months 7 8.6
3 Yearly 38 46.9
4 Other 25 30.9
5 No 2 2.5
6 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.134: Maintenance of the House
Most people carry out the maintenance of their houses on yearly basis in Nankana Sahib.
5.6.17. Selling of the House
Table 5.128: Selling of the House

1 Yes 6 7.4
2 No 75 92.6
3 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.135: Selling of the House
Mostly people in Nankana Sahib are satisfied with their houses and are not willing to
shift to another place.
5.6.18. Professional Activity on the House
Table 5.129: Professional Activity on the House

1 Yes 3 3.7
2 No 78 96.3
3 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.136: Professional Activity on the House
5.6.19. Availability of Sui Gas
Table 5.130: Availability of Sui Gas

1 Yes 80 98.8
2 No 1 1.2
3 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.137: Availability of Sui Gas

5.6.20. Availability of Electricity
Table 5.131: Availability of Electricity

1 Yes 81 100.0
Figure 5.138: Availability of Electricity
The facility of electricity is available in all houses in Nankana.
5.6.21. Availability of Adequate Sewerage System
Table 5.132: Availability of Adequate Sewerage System

1 Yes 77 95.1
2 No 4 4.9
3 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.139: Availability of Adequate Sewerage System

5.6.22. Availability of Telephone
Table 5.133: Availability of Telephone

1 Yes 38 46.9
2 No 43 53.1
3 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.140: Availability of Telephone
Majority of the people in Nankana do not have the facility of telephone while some of
them do.
5.6.23. Availability of Internet
Table 5.134: Availability of Internet

1 Yes 26 32.1
2 No 55 67.9
3 Total 81 100.0
Figure 5.141: Availability of Internet
There is mostly no internet (wifi) facility provided in Nankana. Internet facility is

basically utilized through mobile data network.
CHAPTER # 6
PROPOSALS FOR NANKANA
SAHIB
Ch. 6 Proposals for Nankana Sahib 169 | P a g e
Chapter 6– PROPOSALS FOR NANKANA SAHIB
6.1. Proposals for Industrial Establishment & Enhancement
Figure 6.142: Existing Industrial Estates of Nankana Sahib


6.1.1. Description of Existing Industries
There are about 151 large, medium and some small industrial units in the city. Types of
these industries are mentioned as under;
Table 6.135: Types of Existing Industrial Units

Sr. No. Types of Industrial Units
1 Chemical
2 Chip/Straw Board
3 Cold Storage
4 Cotton Ginning & Pressing
5 Flour Mills
6 Food Products
7 Power Generation
8 Rice Mills
9 Soap & Detergents
10 Sugar
11 Textile Processing
12 Textile Spinning
13 Woolen Textile Spinning /Weaving
Table 6.136: Types of Existing Manufacturing & Services Industries’ in Nankana Sahib
1. Basic metal
2. Petro – chemical (excluding products).
3. Heavy foundry works
4. Heavy Electric & Mechanical complexes
Manufacturing Industries 5. Electronics
6. Major Vehicle Assembly plants
7. Ordinance factories
8. Explosives, Nitric & Sulphuric Acid plants
9. Vehicular tires & tubes
Services Industries 1. Furniture (excluding band saw & storing
Timber / Wood
2. Tailoring/ readymade garments
3. Laundry / dry cleaning
4. Bakery (excluding confectionery)
5. Syrups (excluding squashes)
6. Cosmetics
7. Service workshop
8. Cereal products like vermicelli
9. Candles making
10. Printing & packaging
11. Hand loom carpet weaving
12. Hotels
13. Small hosiery units employing not more than
10 workers
14. Atta chakkies
15. Installation of chaff cutters
16. Cotton grading
6.1.2. Situation According to ODP

The development of an area mainly depends upon its industrial and agriculture sectors.
Nankana Sahib and its hinterland is pre-dominantly agrarian. Few years back, the city
was known for its cotton production and as a result, 3 cotton ginning and pressing mills
were established. At present, these mills have been converted into rice Sheller’s due to
decline in cotton production. No industry worth naming exists in the city, which is also
the major cause of large scale unemployment.
In addition to the non-availability of land, there are certain other constraints like shortage
of electricity, non-availability of Sui gas and other necessary infrastructure, which have
also impeded the overall progress in industrial sector to an extent.
According to the Industrial Survey, conducted by the project office in June 1978, there
are 51 industrial units, occupying an area of 35.75 acres of lands. A total number of 181
workers are serving in the industrial establishments of the city. The skilled labor force
constitutes only 5370 of the total industrial workers.
The present trend of industrial development is mainly along Mangtanwala Road and
Railway Road in scattered and linear fashion.
It is evident from the detailed surveys of selected settlements in Nankana, that no
significant development in the field of industry has taken place in the past.
In order to boost up economic development in these neglected parts; special attention is
required to be given for industrial development. For this purpose, special incentives will
have to be provided by the Government in order to encourage the private entrepreneurs.
Such incentives could be in the form of tax holiday facilities, easy loan facilities,
availability of developed sites for industrial development etc.
Keeping all important aspects in view, medium and light industry is proposed to be
developed.
A list of proposed industry, having some potential in the area is given as under;
Table 6.137: Proposed Industrial Units

Sr. No. Proposed Industrial Units
1 Small Strawboard & Chipboard Factories
2 Poultry Farms
3 Flour & Oil Mills
4 Tanneries
5 Small Weaving Factories
6 Furniture Making
7 Tractor & Tube Well Workshops
8 Carpet Weaving
9 Rice Sheller’s
Source: ODP Nankana Sahib
Rice is the main produced crop in Nankana Sahib according to district wise report 2011-
12. Nankana Sahib produces 175 tons of rice that is second highest after Hafizabad in
Punjab.
Improvement of rice quality as well as increase in productivity is a major challenge for
the development of rice production.
In addition to the above, a small milk plant is also proposed at More Khunda. The main
reason of selecting More Khunda for the purpose is its central location and high
accessibility from all parts of the area.
6.1.3. NRM Standards & Calculations for Industry Establishment

6.1.3.1. Space Standards
 Generally, 50 factory workers are required per acre. It is proposed that; :
 Industrial estates should be separated by buffer zones of at least 150 meters for
small or at least 500 meters for large industry.
 The dimension of basic module for single plot is 25*50m. For Nankana Sahib, an
establishment of double module plot 80*50m is required according to its
population.
6.1.3.2. Access Standards

 The industrial areas should have separate water and power supplies.
 They should also have proper access to primary and secondary roads for
facilitation in transportation of raw material and produced goods.
Figure 6.143: Proposed Industrial Estates in Nankana Sahib

6.2. Proposals for Development of Recreational Activities
Figure 6.144: Existing Parks in Nankana Sahib

6.2.1. NRM Standards & Calculations for Parks & Open Spaces
At gross urban area, densities around 30 persons/acre (which are common in cities of the
country), the National Reference Manual (NRM) implies 18% of the land should be
reserved for planned open spaces; while at 20 persons/acre (ppa.) it implies 12%.
6.2.1.1. For 18%, Recreational Area

Total population of Nankana Sahib = 883876 people
Recreational area of Nankana Sahib = 883876/30
= 29462.5 acres
6.2.1.2. For 12%, Recreational Area

Total population of Nankana Sahib = 883876 people
Recreational area of Nankana Sahib = 883876/20
= 44193.8 acres
As the total existing open spaces have not been identified yet. Therefore, the total said
area required for recreational facilities will be encountered.
6.2.2. Proposals
 For neighborhood of around 25000 persons, provision of a combined playfield for
teenagers on 1.63 ha.
 The playfield should have temporary/multiple markings so that it can be used for
different games.
 For neighborhood of around 25000 persons, provision of amusement parks on
0.13 ha.
 These parks should be located within convenient walking distance for children.
Figure 6.145: Proposed Recreational Institutes in Nankana Sahib

6.3. Proposals for Adequate System of Solid Waste Management
6.3.1. Existing Situation of Solid Waste Management

The existing Solid Waste Management of Nankana Sahib is being done by the TMA. The
population of Town was 48,899 individuals in 1998 and is currently estimated at 69,282
individuals. Current per capita waste generation is 0.4 kg per capita, which is likely to
increase by 1.5% every year. Nankana Sahib currently generates about 27.71 tons of
municipal solid waste daily and is estimated to have a yearly volume of 10,114 tons.
(PMDFC, 2013)
Figure 6.146: Solid waste dumped on streets in Nankana Sahib
6.3.2. NRM Calculations for the Landfill

A sanitary landfill is proposed to be built at Nankana.
The landfill program mentioned above can be accomplished by keeping in view the
guidelines from National Reference Manual (NRM). The calculations are as under;
According to National Reference Manual;
 Generation Rate = 0.5-0.75-1 kg/capita-day

 Density = 200-250-300 kg/cu.m.
 Sanitary Landfill = 0.5-0.75-1 acre per year per 10,000 population
 Total Area requirement = Minimum 1-year period preferably 5 to 10 years
 Area of site for 1 lac population = (1 Acre/10,000) * 1,00,000 = 10 Acres
According to present situation;
 Present population (2017) = 8,83,876

 Present Waste Generation = 27.71 tons/day
 For present population Landfill area required = 80 Acres approximately
According to projected situation;
 Projected population (2050) = 22,87,881

 For projected population Landfill area required = 220 Acres
approximately
6.3.2.1. Loamy Soil

The soil at Nankana comprises majorly of loamy soil. Loam is soil composed mostly of
sand, silt, and a smaller amount of clay having mineral composition about 40–40–20%
concentration of sand-silt-clay, respectively. Loam soils generally contain more nutrients.
Their permeability variation according to soil texture of the city, the above-mentioned
qualities would in turn be feasible for the purpose of the landfill.
The landfill construction adopted for the site may include series waste layers or cell in
which the volume of material will be placed during one operating period. This would
help contain the waste instead of allowing it to spread freely during windy days.
 Daily Cover: is used to control vector, litter, fire, and moisture problems and inert
wastes. The cover would be spread and compacted as the refuse cell is formed so
that only a working face needs covering at the end of the day.
 Intermediate Cover: will be placed daily but may be stronger to act as a temporary
road base and provide a limited barrier to gas migration.
 Final Cover: will be placed after landfilling is complete. It would help seal in
contaminants and prevent moisture from entering the buried refuse. Depending on
the site's ultimate use, the final cover may be designed to support various loads,
permit vegetative growth, and control any hazardous landfill gas migration.
6.3.2.2. Proposed Design Features

 Design Standards
Standards for design are necessary to ensure a consistent approach to landfill design. The
introduction of standards will assist in the improvement of landfills and prevent or reduce
negative effects on the environment. Standards and procedures used in the project
include:
 Absolute Standards
Where possible, relevant International Standards published by recognized bodies are to
be used. It should also be ensured that standards used are current.
 Performance Specifications
Performance specifications may be drawn up and used for specific topics. Leachate
control equipment and gas utilization equipment are examples where performance
specifications are used.
 Quality Assurance & Quality Control Procedures
Quality assurance and quality control are integral parts of a landfill design scheme.
Quality assurance/quality control plans should be used to ensure that the design and
construction of the facility is carried out to a satisfactory standard.
Figure 6.147: Proposed Landfill Site for Solid Waste Disposal

6.4. Proposals for Technical & Vocational Institutions for Women
6.4.1. Existing Situation

Currently in Nankana Sahib, there are six vocational institutes for women welfare and
empowerment. According to the Outline Development Plan of Nankana Sahib, one
technical institute measuring an area of 7 acre is proposed in the town in the future, but
this will not be enough to accommodate the total women population of Nankana Sahib in
the coming years. The following table shows the current vocational institutes in the town
which are now in function.
Table 6.138: Current Technical & Vocational Institutions for Women in Nankana Sahib
Sr. No. Name Address Purpose Fund Source
Anmol Public Welfare Women Welfare
1 Warburton Road Self
Society & Empowerment
Islamic Public Welfare Women Welfare
2 Nankana Sahib Self
Mass Community Help Buchoki Road, Women Welfare
3 Self
& Care Welfare Society Nankana Sahib & Empowerment
Buchoki Par
Ravi Social Welfare Women Welfare
4 Mandi, Faiz Self
Abad
Hospital Road,
Safia Rafiq Welfare Women Welfare
5 Ward # 1, Self
Sangla
Shehri Ijtamai Tarqiati Women Welfare
6 Nankana Sahib Self
Council & Empowerment
Source: Social Welfare Department, Government of the Punjab
6.4.2. Calculations & Proposals

As mentioned in NRM, the required area of vocational training institute is 3-5 hectares,
and the current population of Nankana Sahib is 8, 83,876.
The proposals given keeping this in view are as follows:
 First step will be the awareness among the people of the city regarding the
technical training of the women and how they will play an important part in the
social and economic development of the city in the future.
This will be made possible by the support of the government and in case of
Nankana Sahib, TMA’s, which will collaborate in raising awareness among
people.
 The next step will be the identifying the total women population in Nankana
Sahib and then segregating the population i.e. the population of the old city and
the new city.
 Then comes the planning of the location and designing of the technical institutes,
the planners and technical staff. This will be the planning and designing stage of
the institutes.
 Mostly the technical institutes will be located near residential areas, so it would be
easier for all women to come and they do not have to travel long distances every
day. While others will be in the commercial area as some of the commercials
areas are closer to residential areas.
 Next will be the functioning of the institutes in order to get financial and
economic benefits. The hiring of the technical staff, making of the plan of
educating the women with technical skills in a rightful way.
 As a result of this women will be considered equally important as men in the
economic and social development of the city. Also, the women will develop self-
confidence and will be able to life an independent and different life.
6.4.3. Conclusion
As no country can develop by ignoring its women so it is essential for every country to
make reasonable arrangements for its women to become empowered in different cities
and towns of the country. Special programs must also be arranged for this purpose.
By considering its importance, we have proposed institutes on different locations by
considering ease of accessibility for women and with the aim of making women of this
city empowered as well.
By making women skilled, we can have strong alliances with other countries and we will
be on our path to development. Each region in a country has its own specialty and skillful
labor is the only way to use our assets wisely.
This project will help empower the women of Nankana Sahib. It will impart them with
skills, will make them independent and confident which will in return help in the
development of the city & will also improve its economy.
Figure 6.148: Proposed Technical Institutes for Women

6.5. Calculations for Public Utilities according to NRM Standards
6.5.1. Telephone Exchange

6.5.1.1. Existing Situation
 Current population of Nankana = 1356374 people
 Number of telephone exchanges in Nankana Sahib = 1
 Area Covered by the Facility = 600 square feet (sq.)
 Capacity = 100 lines
6.5.1.2. Proposed Situation

 A telephone is required for every 230 people
 Number of exchange required for the city = 1
 Capacity = 500-1000 lines
 Area to be covered by the facility = 500*1000 square meter (sq.)
As shown above, according to NRM, the number of telephone exchanges are adequate,
but the capacity needs to be increased by providing more than 400 lines in order to cater
for the needs of the future population.
6.5.2. Post Office (Tehsil Level)

For every 50,000 population, a post office of 1000 meter square is required.
6.5.3. Fire Station

For every 1,000,000 population, 1 fire station is required with;
 Area = 202 square meters
6.5.4. Town Hall

Area standards for some important buildings are mentioned;
 Municipal Corporation = 3-5 hectares
 Municipal Committee = 1.5-2.5 ha
 Town Committee = 2.5-3.5 ha
6.5.5. Civil Court

1 civil court is required for the current population of Nankana Sahib with an area of 809
square meters.
6.5.6. Police Station

For every 50,000 people, 1 police station (thaana) is required with an area of 2.4-2.8
hectares (ha).
6.5.7. Petrol Station

An area of 100,000 square meters of petrol station is required per city.
6.6. Proposals for Health Sector Growth in Nankana Sahib
6.6.1. Existing Situation

There is only one major Government hospital namely, District Headquarter Hospital in
Nankana. A few small clinics also exist although they are not sufficient to provide
enough medication for the whole city. There is a need for establishment of more hospitals
especially government sector in Nankana.
6.6.2. NRM Calculation

Current population of Nankana Sahib is 8,83,876.
According to this population figure, 62 more hospitals are required in Nankana with each
hospital having 70 beds to fulfill the requirement of current population.
6.7. Proposals for Education Sector Growth in Nankana Sahib

According to the standards of National Reference Manual;
 An estimated 22 more primary schools are required at mohalla level, 227 middle
schools for boys in villages and 51 more for girls in a cluster of large villages,
whereas for secondary schools 72 for boys and 12 girls’ schools are required.
 For intermediate level, 11 male and 2 female colleges, and 1 male 2 female degree
colleges are required for the current population of Nankana Sahib.
The data is explained in tabular form below;
Table 6.139: Requirements of Educational Institutions in Nankana

Sr. No. Facility Requirement Location Area (Ha.)
1 Primary School 22 Mohalla Level 0.15-0.25
Boys = 227 Village
2 Middle School 0.8
Girls = 51 Town
Secondary Boys = 72 Cluster of
3 0.525
School Girls = 12 Villages
Intermediate 11 Male Colleges
4 - -
Level Colleges 2 Female Colleges
CHAPTER # 7
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
(SDGs)
Ch. 7 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 190 | P a g e
Chapter 7– SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
7.1. Introduction
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were born at the United Nations Conference
on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in 2012. The objective was to produce a
set of universal goals that meet the urgent environmental, political and economic
challenges facing our world. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise
known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the
planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
These 17 goals build on the successes of the Millennium Development Goals, while
including new areas such as climate change, economic inequality, innovation, sustainable
consumption, peace and justice, among other priorities. The goals are interconnected
which are often the key to success on one will involve tackling issues more commonly
associated with another.
The SDGs work in the spirit of partnership and pragmatism to make the right choices
now to improve life, in a sustainable way, for future generations. They provide clear
guidelines and targets for all countries to adopt in accordance with their own priorities
and the environmental challenges of the world at large. The SDGs are an inclusive
agenda. They tackle the root causes of poverty and unite us together to make a positive
change for both people and planet. “Poverty eradication is at the heart of the 2030
Agenda, and so is the commitment to leave no-one behind,” UNDP Administrator Achim
Steiner said. “The Agenda offers a unique opportunity to put the whole world on a more
prosperous and sustainable development path. In many ways, it reflects what UNDP was
created for.” Each target has between 1 and 3 indicators used to measure progress toward
reaching the targets. In total, there are 304 indicators that will measure compliance.
The United Nations Development Program has been asked to provide easy to understand
lists of targets and facts and figures for each of the 17 SDGs. The 17 SDGs are as
follows;
1. Goal 1: No Poverty
2. Goal 2: Zero Hunger

3. Goal 3: Good Health & Well Being
4. Goal 4: Quality Education
5. Goal 5: Gender & Equality
6. Goal 6: Clean Water & Sanitation
7. Goal 7: Affordable & Clean Energy
8. Goal 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth
9. Goal 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure
10. Goal 10: Reduced Inequality
11. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities & Communities
12. Goal 12: Responsible Consumption & Production
13. Goal 13: Climate Action
14. Goal 14: Life Below Water
15. Goal 15: Life on Land
16. Goal 16: Peace & Justice Strong Institutions
17. Goal 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goal
7.2. Goal 1: No Poverty
"End poverty in all its forms everywhere."

Extreme poverty has been cut by more than half since 1990. Still, more than 1 in 5 people
live on less than the target figure of US$1.25 per day. That target may not be adequate for
human subsistence, however. It may be necessary to raise the poverty line figure to as
high as $5 per day. Poverty is more than the lack of income or resources. People live in
poverty if they lack basic services such as healthcare, security and education. They also
experience hunger, social discrimination and exclusion from decision making processes.
7.2.1. Sub Goals

1. Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all,
including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the
vulnerable.
2. By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the
vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic
services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property,
inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services,
including microfinance.
3. By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and
reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and
other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters.
4. Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including
through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and
predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed
countries, to implement programs and policies to end poverty in all its
dimensions.
5. Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels,
based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support
accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions.
7.2.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Eradicate Poverty

1. Determine individuals living underneath destitution line and oblige them with
required learning and abilities so they can build up their own position.
2. Support ladies by giving exceptional share in employments and training.
3. Ensure that assets are exchanged to lowest level from central level and
administration is not capturing all assets however playing their role to move it to
required spot.
4. Destitute individuals ought to be a piece of strong society. These destitute are
required to be acquainted with plans that suit these individuals as indicated by
their income level.
5. Neighborhood Departments ought to be given rights and power so as to make
sound arrangements for the fundamental issues of the city. One of the primary one
being kid abuse.
6. There ought to be value control in market with the goal that the salesmen do not
only make up their own.
7. 50 employees per acre are required in order to eradicate poverty and
unemployment.
7.3. Goal 2: Zero Hunger
“End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote
sustainable agriculture.”
It is time to rethink how we grow, share and consume our food. If done right, agriculture,
forestry and fisheries can provide nutritious food for all and generate decent incomes,
while supporting people-centered rural development and protecting the environment.
7.3.1. Sub Goals

1. By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and
people in round.
2. By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the
internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of
age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating
women and older persons.
3. By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food
producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists
and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive
resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for
value addition and non-farm employment.
4. By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient
agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain
ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme
weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land
and soil quality.
5. By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and
domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly
managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and
international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of
benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional
knowledge, as internationally agreed.
6. Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in
rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology
development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural
productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed
countries.
7. Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural
markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural
export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance
with the mandate of the Doha Development Round.
8. Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and
their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on
food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.
7.3.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Eliminate Hunger

1. Make endeavors to guarantee that adequate nourishment is accessible to satisfy
the needs of 3.455 million and individuals living past destitution line or in
defenseless circumstances, gain admittance to protected and nutritious sustenance.
2. Special awareness projects ought to be organized through NGO's or TMA to give
neighborhood individuals learning to have a solid eating routine and on hindering
and wasting in kids under 5 years old. Special health centers ought to be provided
to address ladies medical problems.
3. The agrarian profitability ought to be expanded for wheat, corn, rice, potatoes,
sugar cane and turmeric by utilizing proficient strategies for generation and using
desolate land and making it fertile.
4. Develop rural segment of the city by presenting extraordinary universities giving
specialized degree and recognitions so individuals can prosper in their very own
area.
5. Research centers for rice and its production might be developed. Since Nankana
has one of the most significant rice productions in the region, the research will
help in the growth of economy.
6. Rice export should also be increased by good publicity. This can be accomplished
by the research centers’ formation as mentioned above.
7.4. Goal 3: Good Health & Well Being
“Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.”
Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being for all at all ages is essential to
sustainable development. Significant strides have been made in increasing life
expectancy and reducing some of the common killers associated with child and maternal
mortality. Major progress has been made on increasing access to clean water and
sanitation, reducing malaria, tuberculosis, polio and the spread of HIV/AIDS. However,
many more efforts are needed to fully eradicate a wide range of diseases and address
many different persistent and emerging health issues.
7.4.1. Sub Goals

1. By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000
live births.
2. By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age,
with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per
1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live
births.
3. By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical
diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable
diseases.
4. By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable
diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-
being.
5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic
drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol.
6. By 2020, half the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents.
7. By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services,
including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of
reproductive health into national strategies and programs.
8. Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to
quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and
affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.
9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous
chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.
10. Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate.
11. Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the
communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing
countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in
accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public
Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the
provisions in the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide
access to medicines for all.
12. Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training
and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least
developed countries and small island developing States.
13. Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for
early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks.
7.4.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Ensure Good Health & Well Being
1. Number of maternal deaths are not as such reported in the city in light of the fact
that huge numbers of the ladies don't have national identity cards. Larger part of
individuals lean toward treatment at home as female staff isn't accessible enough
in the city. Surveys can be conducted as such to evaluate the number of people
who do not have identity cards. Further, female professional education should be
encouraged.
2. Street mishaps have been significantly observed on fundamental main roads
where congestion is administering the spot as a result of the encroachments.
Regulatory issues ought to be settled in this case. Rules & regulations must be
followed by everybody and no political weight ought to be put on individuals who
in any event attempt to tackle this issue yet fail because of such endeavors.
3. Adequate health facilities ought to be accessible as indicated by the populace
needs. Prescriptions and vaccines ought to be at the nearest link and there ought to
be legitimate check on them so don't turn into a life harming drug.
4. Trained medical and other working staff is additionally another absence of the
city. Workshops and seminars etc. ought to be launched to furnish the general
population with most recent technologies and techniques in each sector.
5. Establishment of warning systems for any health risk that can hit the city
including any epidemic.
6. The private clinics in Nankana must also be provided with the efficient medical
facilities for minor treatments.
7.5. Goal 4: Quality Education
“Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong
learning.”
Obtaining a quality education is the foundation to improving people’s lives and
sustainable development. Major progress has been made towards increasing access to
education at all levels and increasing enrolment rates in schools particularly for women
and girls. Basic literacy skills have improved tremendously, yet bolder efforts are needed
to make even greater strides for achieving universal education goals. For example, the
world has achieved equality in primary education between girls and boys, but few
countries have achieved that target at all levels of education.
7.5.1. Sub Goals

1. By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality
primary and secondary education leading to relevant and Goal-4 effective learning
outcomes.
2. By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood
development, care and preprimary education so that they are ready for primary
education.
3. By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality
technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university.
4. By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant
skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and
entrepreneurship.
5. By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all
levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons
with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situation.
6. By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men
and women, achieve literacy and numeracy.
7. By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to
promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for
sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality,
promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and
appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable
development.
8. Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender
sensitive and provide safe, nonviolent, inclusive and effective learning
environments for all.
9. By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to
developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island
developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education,
including vocational training and information and communications technology,
technical, engineering and scientific programs, in developed countries and other

developing countries.
10. By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through
international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially
least developed countries and small island developing states.
7.5.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Promote Quality Education

1. The education system has been worked upon efficiently by the Government of
Punjab as primary and secondary schools have increased to by quite some margin.
The next step is to ensure that the students are equipped with advanced, modern
and quality education.
2. Determination of the number of youth that is currently unemployed. Provision of
non-formal education might be helpful in this case by equipping them with skill.
7.6. Goal 5: Gender Equality
“Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.”

While the world has achieved progress towards gender equality and women’s
empowerment under the Millennium Development Goals (including equal access to
primary education between girls and boys), women and girls continue to suffer
discrimination and violence in every part of the world. Gender equality is not only a
fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and
sustainable world. Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care,
decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will
fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large.
7.6.1. Sub Goals

1. End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.
2. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and
private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation.
3. Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and
female genital mutilation.
4. Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of
public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of
shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally
appropriate.
5. Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for
leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life.
6. Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights
as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International
Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action
and the outcome documents of their review conferences.
7. Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as
access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial
services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws.
8. Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and
communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women.
9. Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion
of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels.
7.6.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Encourage Gender Equality

1. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and
private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation
through strict policies and their implementation in Nankana Sahib.
2. Women should exercise their right of having access to inheritance. Majority of
women are aware of such rights given to them but often do not exercise those
rights. They should be made aware of the importance of this right through
seminars and workshops.
3. Women vocational and training centers should also be provided in various
locations in Nankana to strengthen women by offering them skills to earn for
themselves.
7.7. Goal 6: Clean Water & Sanitation
“Ensure access to water and sanitation for all.”

Clean, accessible water for all is an essential part of the world we want to live in. There is
sufficient fresh water on the planet to achieve this. But due to bad economics or poor
infrastructure, every year millions of people, most of them children, die from diseases
associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene. Water scarcity, poor
water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively impact food security, livelihood
choices and educational opportunities for poor families across the world. Drought afflicts
some of the world’s poorest countries, worsening hunger and malnutrition.
7.7.1. Sub Goals
1. By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking
water for all.
2. By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all
and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls
and those in vulnerable situations.
3. By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and
minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion
of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse
globally.
4. By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure
sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and
substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity.
5. By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels,
including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate.
6. By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains,
forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.
7. By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to
developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes,
including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment,

recycling and reuse technologies.
8. Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water
and sanitation management.
7.7.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib for Adequate Provision of Clean Water &
Sanitation
1. Local authorities of the city should be strengthened so that they may efficiently
work for improving water and sanitation management.
2. In Nankana Sahib, water reuse programs need to be ensured especially in
industrial area where water is used and wasted.
3. Water should be used efficiently by the community so that it can be utilized by
future generations as well. The community should be provided with appropriate
awareness in this regard.
4. The water quality of the city needs to be improved. For this, water pollution needs
to be controlled. Release of hazardous chemicals and materials by the industries
into the water bodies should be completely banned or at least standardized
according to National Environment Quality Standards (NEQs).
5. Establishment of waste water treatment plants.
7.8. Goal 7: Affordable & Clean Energy
“Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for

all.”
Energy is central to nearly every major challenge and opportunity the world faces today.
Be it for jobs, security, climate change, food production or increasing incomes, access to
energy for all is essential.
7.8.1. Sub Goals

1. By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy
services.
2. By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy
mix.
3. By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.
4. By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy
research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and
advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy
infrastructure and clean energy technology.
5. By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and
sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least
developed countries, small island developing States, and land-locked developing
countries, in accordance with their respective programs of support.
7.8.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib for Adequate Provision of Affordable &
Clean Energy
1. Decision to source 100% of operational energy needs from renewable resources.
2. Encouraging greater ranges of personal sector funding in transformative clean
strength technology.
3. Networking to discover possibilities for collaborative efforts.
7.9. Goal 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth
“Encourage sustained economic growth by achieving higher levels of

productivity and through technological innovation.”
Promoting policies that encourage entrepreneurship and job creation are key to this, as
are effective measures to eradicate forced labor, slavery and human trafficking. With
these targets in mind, the goal is to achieve full and productive employment, and decent
work, for all women and men by 2030.
7.9.1. Sub Goals

1. Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances
and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in
the least developed countries.
2. Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification,

technological 1qupgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-
value added and labor-intensive sectors.
3. Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent
job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the
formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises,
including through access to financial services.
4. Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption
and production and endeavor to decouple economic growth from environmental
degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmed on
sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the
lead.
5. By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women
and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay
for work of equal value.
6. By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment,
education or training.
7. Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labor, end modern
slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the
worst forms of child labor, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by
2025 end child labor in all its forms.
8. Protect labor rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all
workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in
precarious employment.
9. By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that
creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.
10. Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand
access to banking, insurance and financial services for all.
11. Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least
developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for
Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries.
12. By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and
implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labor Organization.
7.9.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Stimulate Decent Work & Economic
Growth
1. Provide international market linkages for local products in Nankana Sahib.
2. Provide foreign investments in local market economy of Nankana Sahib.
3. Rice research center should be established by government incentives.
4. Increase production and export of rice as it is the local crop of Nankana Sahib to
generate revenue in future.
5. Enforce law and order for betterment and development of local economy.
6. Presence of Sikh religious buildings in Nankana Sahib can provide an opportunity
to enhance economic activity through amplification of tourism opportunities.
7. Provide poly technical institutes for residents.
7.10. Goal 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure
“Build Resilience infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable

industrialization and foster innovations.”
Sustained investment in infrastructure and innovation are crucial drivers of economic
growth and development. Investment in infrastructure and innovation are crucial drivers
of economic growth and development. With over half the world population now living in
cities, mass transport and renewable energy are becoming ever more important, as are the
growth of new industries and information and communication technologies. Promoting
sustainable industries, and investing in scientific research and innovation, are all
important ways to facilitate sustainable development. Promoting sustainable industries,
and investing in scientific research and innovation, are all important ways to facilitate
sustainable development.
7.10.1. Sub Goals

1. Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including
regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and
human wellbeing, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all.
2. Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly
raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with
national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries.
3. Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in
developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their
integration into value chains and markets.
4. By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable,
with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and
environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries
taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities.
5. Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial
sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030,
encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and
development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and
development spending.
6. Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing
countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to
African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and
small island developing States 18.
7. Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing
countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia,
industrial diversification and value addition to commodities.
8. Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and
strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed
countries by 2020.
7.10.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Develop Industry, Innovation &

Infrastructure
1. Significantly raise industry’s share of employment through provision of jobs and
also the gross domestic product.
2. Increase the access of small-scale industry and other enterprises.
3. Provide basic infrastructure like roads, communication technologies, water and
sanitation, electrical power & facilitate their sustainable and resilient development
through enhanced financial, technological and technical support.
4. Improve the existing situation of infrastructure through proper maintenance and
rehabilitation programs.
5. Promote and increase access to reliable phone services for business development.
7.11. Goal 10: Reduce Inequality
“Reduce inequality among countries.”

The international community has made significant strides towards lifting people out of
poverty. Inequality still persists, and large disparities remain in access to health and
education services and other assets. While income inequality between countries may have
been reduced, inequality within countries has risen. It is well documented that income
inequality is on the rise, with the richest 10 percent earning up to 40 percent of total
global income. In developing countries, inequality has increased by 11 percent if we take
into account the growth of population. Income inequality is a global problem that requires
global solutions. This involves improving the regulation and monitoring of financial
markets and institutions, encouraging development assistance and foreign direct
investment to regions where the need is greatest. Facilitating the safe migration and
mobility of people is also key to bridging the widening divide. To reduce inequality,
policies should be universal in principle paying attention to the needs of disadvantaged
and marginalized populations.
7.11.1. Sub Goals

1. By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per
cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average.
2. By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of
all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic
or other status. Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome,
including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and
promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard.
3. Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and
progressively achieve greater equality.
4. Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions
and strengthen the implementation of such regulations.
5. Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision
making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to
deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions.
6. Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people,
including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration
policies.
7. Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing
countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade
Organization agreements.
8. Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign
direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least
developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and
landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and
programs.
9. By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant
remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent.
7.11.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Reduce Inequality

1. Ensure social participation of the disabled.
2. Creation of policies promoting gender equality in education.

3. The adoption of sound policies to empower the bottom percentile of income
earners, and promote economic inclusion of all regardless of sex, race or
ethnicity.
4. Empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all.
5. Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome.
6. Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible mobility of people.
7.12. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities & Communities
“Make cities and human settlement inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.”
Cities are hubs for ideas, commerce, culture, science, productivity, social development
and much more. At their best, cities have enabled people to advance socially and
economically. Common urban challenges include congestion, lack of funds to provide
basic services, a shortage of adequate housing and declining infrastructure. The
challenges cities face can be overcome in ways that allow them to continue to thrive and
grow, while improving resource use and reducing pollution and poverty. The future we
want includes cities of opportunities for all, with access to basic services, energy,
housing, transportation and more.
7.12.1. Sub Goals

1. By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic
services and upgrade slums.
2. By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport
systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport,
with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, and
children, persons with disabilities and older persons.
3. By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for
participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and
management in all countries.
4. Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural
heritage.
5. By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people
affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global
gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with
a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations.
6. By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including
by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste
management.
7. By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and
public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons
with disabilities. Support positive economic, social and environmental links
between urban, peri urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional
development planning.
8. By 2030, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements
adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion,
resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to
disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all
levels.
9. Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical
assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials.
7.12.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib for Sustainable Cities & Communities
A set of policies are to be developed aimed at making Nankana Sahib city’s human
settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable;
1. The bottom-up approach to be adopted in measuring sustainability to check the
people satisfaction level towards local authorities' services.
2. Policies designed with consideration for social, economic, environmental impact,
and resilient habitat for existing populations, without compromising the ability of
future generations to experience the same.
3. Houses are to be built at less energy expenditure.

4. Ensure access to safe and affordable housing. It also involves investment in public
transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and
management in a way that is participatory as well as comprehensive.
5. Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the cultural and natural legacy.
6. Meeting people’s needs for basic services including energy and water.
7. Developing sustainable public transport systems.
8. Creating a built environment that can minimize the impacts of natural disasters.
7.13. Goal 12: Responsible Consumption & Production
“Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.”

Agriculture is the biggest user of water worldwide, and irrigation now claims close to 70
percent of all freshwater for human use. The efficient management of our shared natural
resources, and the way we dispose of toxic waste and pollutants, are important targets to
achieve this goal. Encouraging industries, businesses and consumers to recycle and
reduce waste is equally important, as is supporting developing countries to move towards
more sustainable patterns of consumption by 2030.
7.13.1. Sub Goals

1. Implement the 10-year framework of programs on sustainable consumption and
production, all countries acting, with developed countries taking the lead, taking
into account the development and capabilities of developing countries.
2. By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural
resources.
3. By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and
reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest
losses.
4. By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all
wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international
frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to
minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment.
5. By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction,
recycling and reuse.
6. Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt
sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their
reporting cycle.
7. Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with
national policies and priorities.
8. By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and
awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature.
9. Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological
capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and
production.
10. Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for
sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.
11. Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption
by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances,
including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies,
where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account
the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the
possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor
and the affected communities.
7.13.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Induce Responsible Consumption &

Production Patterns
1. Protect and sustainably manage the natural resources of Nankana Sahib.
2. Neutralization of the negative impacts of the energy sector on the environment.
3. Introduction of national standards, consistent with national standards for the
emission of pollutants.
4. Re-use of waste, decontamination, disposal, and the introduction of low-waste

and waste-free technologies.
5. The creation of a flexible system of financial and economic incentives that
promote the implementation of “green” technologies and ecological principles of
corporate governance.
6. Ensure safe water quality and adequate water quantity for human health.
7. Establishment of an effective water management system.
8. Establishment of effective pollution prevention and water abstraction control
mechanisms, reduction of water pollution from untreated municipal wastewater
and agriculture.
9. Improvement of household and hazardous waste management (collection,
transport, and disposal).
10. Engage people in production sector as much as possible.
11. Support the ongoing efforts of the State and Federal agencies in monitoring and
enforcing air quality standards.
12. Transfer experts and equipment for appropriate learning through capacity building
of different stakeholders.
7.14. Goal 13: Climate Action
“Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.”

The goal aims to mobilize $100 billion annually by 2020 to address the needs of
developing countries and help mitigate climate-related disasters. Strengthening the
resilience and adaptive capacity of more vulnerable regions, such as land locked
countries and island states, must go hand in hand with efforts to raise awareness and
integrate measures into national policies and strategies. It is still possible, with the
political will and a wide array of technological measures, to limit the increase in global
mean temperature to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. This requires urgent
collective action.
7.14.1. Sub Goals

1. Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural
disasters in all countries.
2. Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning.
3. Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on
climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning.
4. Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of
mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the
needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and
transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund
through its capitalization as soon as possible.
5. Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related
planning and management in least developed countries and Small Island
developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and
marginalized communities.
7.14.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Combat Climate Change

1. Emission goals should be set at the city level and emission impacts to be
integrated in all of Nankana Sahib’s decision making.
2. Nankana Sahib does not harbor issues such as excessive private transport on roads
and traffic congestion with exception to a few roads contributing to adverse
environmental impact. For the few areas where problem exists, emissions from
transportation can be easily curbed by building and redesigning streets to make it
safer and more convenient for people to walk and bike more and so, drive less.
This includes better lighting and crosswalks for pedestrians and protected bike
lanes for bicyclists.
3. Requiring land-use patterns that reduce the need and the propensity to travel by
car.
4. Provision of public transit and making riding it safe, comfortable, reliable and
affordable. This can be achieved by providing good shelters and proper signage
for people waiting for the bus.
5. Transformation of the manufacturing, agriculture and transportation industries by
enacting policies that encourage a speedy transition to clean energy such as wind
and solar.
6. Upgradation of every residential and industrial building for state-of-the-art energy
efficiency, comfort and safety.
7. The development of on-site renewable energy generation capacity by making
roof-top solar affordable for a typical homeowner.
8. Revisions to municipal codes and laws concerning how residential renewable
energy and energy efficiency projects are financed.
9. Cutting subsidies to fossil fuel industries.
10. For adaptation of the impacts of climate change, building codes could be
strengthened to make homes and structures more resilient to flooding, fires and
earthquakes.
11. Zoning laws can be revised to discourage building in areas that are at high risk for
fire, flooding and earthquakes.
12. Mass awareness programs to be commenced at local level.
13. Plantation of more trees and greenery as natural carbon sinks in order for carbon
sequestration.
14. Promoting the highest standards of resource and energy efficiency in new
development so as to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from
construction and use.
15. Restricting development which has a major negative impact on CO2 emissions.
16. A zero waste, zero carbon standard for any new large-scale housing development.
7.15. Goal 14: Life Below Water
“Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for
sustainable development.”
The Sustainable Development Goals create a framework to sustainably manage and

protect marine and coastal ecosystems from land-based pollution, as well as address the
impacts of ocean acidification. Enhancing conservation and the sustainable use of ocean-
based resources through international law will also help mitigate some of the challenges
facing our oceans.
7.15.1. Sub Goals

1. Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through
enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels.
2. By 2020, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in
particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient
pollution.
3. By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid
significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take
action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.
4. By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported
and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-
based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time
feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as
determined by their biological characteristics.
5. By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with
national and international law and based on the best available scientific
information.
6. By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to
overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal,
unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such
subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential
treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part
of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation.
7. By 2020, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and
least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including
through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism.
8. Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets.
7.15.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Conserve Life Below Water

1. Minimize the impacts of river acidification.
2. Conserve the life below water.
3. Formation of strategies and plans for reducing the water pollution.
4. Manage flow of water to reduce possibility of flood.
5. Reduce the impact of pollution on life below water.
6. Regulate the industries to dump industrial waste in to river after treatment.
7.16. Goal 15: Life on Land
“Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land

degradation, halt biodiversity loss.”
Human life depends on the earth as much as the ocean for our sustenance and livelihood.
Plant life provides 80 percent of our human diet, and we rely on agriculture as an
important economic resource and means of development. The Sustainable Development
Goals aim to conserve and restore the use of terrestrial ecosystems such as forests,
wetlands, dry lands and mountains by 2020. Promoting the sustainable management of
forests and halting deforestations is also vital to mitigating the impact of climate change.
Urgent action must be taken to reduce the loss of natural habitats and biodiversity which
are part of our common heritage.
7.16.1. Sub Goals

1. By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and
inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands,
mountains and dry lands, in line with obligations under international agreements.
2. By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of

forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase
afforestation and reforestation globally.
3. By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land
affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land
degradation-neutral world.
4. By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their
biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are
essential for sustainable development.
5. Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats,
halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of
threatened species.
6. Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of
genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as
internationally agreed.
7. Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora
and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products.
8. By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce
the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or
eradicate the priority species.
9. By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local
planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts.
10. Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to
conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems.
11. Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance
sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing
countries to advance such management, including for conservation and
reforestation.
12. Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of
protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to
pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities.
7.16.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Conserve Life on Land

1. Awareness about the global and local consequences of biodiversity changes both
social and environmental.
2. Reduce the activities relevant to the decline in biodiversity i.e. land-use changes,
harmful emissions etc.
3. Collaboration of scientists with governments to determine programs that will
reduce biodiversity loss and environmental deterioration.
4. Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats.
5. Careful planning of land-use changes and consideration of the consequences of
biodiversity change during this planning.
6. Restoration of a soil condition or structure capable of supporting a plant
community similar to that of the surrounding landscape.
7. Increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood
opportunities.
7.17. Goal 16: Peace, Justice & Strong Institutions
“Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies.”

Peace, stability, human rights and effective governance based on the rule of law are
important conduits for sustainable development. High levels of armed violence and
insecurity have a destructive impact on a country’s development, affecting economic
growth and often resulting in long standing grievances among communities that can last
for generations. The Sustainable Development Goals aim to significantly reduce all forms
of violence, and work with governments and communities to find lasting solutions to
conflict and insecurity. Strengthening the rule of law and promoting human rights is key
to this process.
7.17.1. Sub Goals

1. Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere.
2. End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture
of children.
3. Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable
development.
4. Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms.
5. Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal
access to justice for all.
6. Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels.
7. Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at
all levels.
8. Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in
accordance with national legislation and international agreements.
9. Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the
institutions of global governance.
10. Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international
cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing
countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime.
11. By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the
recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime.
12. By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration.
7.17.2. Policies for Nankana Sahib to Foster Just and Peaceful Societies
1. Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels.
2. Promote transparency and access to information.
3. Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at
all levels.
4. Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies.
5. Promote the rule of law and ensure equal access to justice for all citizens.
6. Strengthening the law and building public awareness.
7. Provide legal identity for all, including birth registration.
8. Reform public administration and finance management.
9. Reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms.

10. Strengthen tax laws and antimony laundering (AML) provisions.
11. Reduce all forms of violence and related death rates, abuse, exploitation,
trafficking and all forms of violence and torture of children.
12. Reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of
stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime in the city.
13. Strengthening citizen’s demand for anti-corruption and empowering them to hold
government decisions.
7.18. Goal 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goals
“Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.”

The Sustainable Development Goals can only be realized with a strong commitment to
global partnership and cooperation. Coordinating policies to help developing countries
manage their debt, as well as promoting investment for the least developed, is vital to
achieve sustainable growth and development. The goals aim to enhance cooperation by
supporting national plans to achieve all the targets. Promoting international trade, and
helping developing countries increase their exports, is all part of achieving a universal
rules-based and equitable trading system that is fair and open, and benefits all.
7.18.1 Sub Goals

1. Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international
support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other
revenue collection.
2. Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple
sources.
3. Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through
coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt
restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted
poor countries to reduce debt distress.
4. Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed

countries.
5. Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international
cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance
knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved
coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations
level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism.
6. Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of
environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favorable terms,
including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agree.
7. Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation
capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance
the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications
technology.
8. Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity
building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the
sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and
triangular cooperation.
9. Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable
multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including
through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda.
10. Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a
view to doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020.
11. Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a
lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade
Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin
applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple,
and contribute to facilitating market access.
12. Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination
and policy coherence.
13. Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development.
14. Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement
policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development.
15. Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by
multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise,
technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable
development goals in all countries, in particular developing countries.
16. Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society
partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships.
17. By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including
for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase
significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data
disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability,
geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts.
18. By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on
sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support
statistical capacity-building in developing countries.
7.18.2 Policies for Nankana Sahib to Revitalize the Global Partnership

1. Enhance international cooperation to access science, technology, innovation and
knowledge.
2. Mobilize financial resources by trading with other countries.
3. Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes with other developed
countries.
4. Strengthen domestic resource mobilization through national or international
support.
5. Access to the environmentally sound technologies in developed countries on
favorable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually
agreed.
6. Promote a universal, rules-based, open, and equitable multilateral trading system
with other countries.
7. Promote effective public-private and civil society partnerships.
8. Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity

building to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development
goals.
CHAPTER # 8
PROGRAMS & PROJECTS
SUGGESTED BY STUDENTS
FOR RESOLUTION OF
PROBLEMS IN NANKANA
SAHIB
Ch. 8 Programs & Projects 226 | P a g e
Chapter 8– PROGRAMS & PROJECTS SUGGESTED BY

STUDENTS FOR RESOLUTION OF PROBLEMS IN NANKANA
SAHIB
8.1. Industries
8.1.1. Programs
 Optimum production of rice.
 Improvement of intercity road linkages for the better supply of rice from Nankana
Sahib to enhance economy.
 Provision of suitable atmosphere for the establishment of new industries.
 Training talented local people to enhance their abilities.
 Hazardous emissions from factories or kilns to be controlled.
 Environmental-friendly production & consumption patterns should be used.
 Buffer zone between residential and adjacent industrial areas should be
established.
 Working towards the betterment of working class by provision of residences for
workers close to the industries so that no transportation costs are employed for
them in travelling to work. Consequently, the adverse environmental impact will
also be reduced.
8.1.2. Projects
 Establish Rice Research Centre and sub-centers in different parts of city to
introduce advanced programs which involve adopting an integrated and
agricultural system approach for advancing productivity, sustainability, nutrition
and resilience outcomes at scale.
 As the road maintenance and proper connectivity to highway reduces the
transportation cost to import the rice from Nankana; therefore, establishing
connectivity between inter and intra city roads of Nankana Sahib.
 Establish training institutes for skilled labor of Nankana to familiarize them with
new innovative technologies which in turn will increase industries’ production.
 Industries emission should be controlled through proper standardization. National
Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for ambient noise and air should be
followed in Nankana Sahib and policies should be made as such.
 According to land use rules, proper segregation between residential and industrial
areas through buffer zones must be established to enhance the aesthetics of the
area as well as to create an environment friendly impact.
8.2. Clean Water & Sanitation
8.2.1. Programs
 Enforcement of water quality standards to improve drinking water parameters and
standards.
 Provision of water filter plants through Public Private Partnerships (PPP) to
provide clean drinking water to the residents of Nankana Sahib.
 Enforcement of new laws such as heavy penalties to any house/industry that
dumps any sort of waste/chemicals into drains or anywhere on the ground.
 Increase and strengthen the capacity of sanitation departments to implement a
sanitation improvement program throughout the city.
 Rehabilitation and renovation of the primary water treatment plant and
construction of new water treatment plants.
 Ensure that land use plans and regulations protect important water supply aquifers
and well fields.
 Raise awareness by informing and educating residents and businesses about the
adverse effects of groundwater contamination.
 The installment of water treatment plants and provision of awareness to
community about water treatment plants.
 The members of the community also provided with technical assistance in order
for maintenance of the water treatment plants.
8.2.2. Projects
 Design and implement close-drain system throughout the city of Nankana Sahib.
 Develop separate wastewater discharge connections for industries from those of
residential areas.
 Development of a framework to check the disposal of waste and chemicals into
drains and on the ground. It can be achieved through improved legislation that
monitors the level of contamination in ground water.
8.3. Recreation
8.3.1. Programs
 Maintenance of existing parks and open spaces.
 Maintenance of existing active spaces such as cricket stadiums.
 Provision of proper sitting arrangement in parks.
 Provision of separate active and passive activities in parks.
8.3.2. Projects
 Provision of separate amusement parks for children.
 Proper channels for disposal of sewerage so that it may not be disposed in open
spaces.
 Proper drainage should be provided so that storm water does not remain stagnant
inside the park premises.
 Clean drinking water facilities such as water plants or filters to be provided within
the parks.
 Establishment of new parks (neighborhood or city level) which are planned and
provide proper access and parking facilities to the visitors.
8.4.1. Programs
 Wheelbarrow should be used for collection of solid waste from houses in case of
door to door collection.
 Trucks should be utilized for the collection of the waste and taking them to the
disposal site.
 Collection should be done at off peak hours to avoid congestion.
 A landfill site should be provided by Municipal Authority for dumping of solid
waste and improve the unhygienic conditions in Nankana Sahib.
 Landfill site has an advantage that it can be utilized for future recreational use.
 Proper leachate collection mechanism should be installed to avoid contamination
of ground water.
 Daily covering of waste should be done to avoid air pollution.
8.4.2. Projects
 A proper plan should be devised for solid waste collection. Waste containers
should be placed at proper location throughout the city and the citizens should be
made aware to place the daily generated waste into these containers where it can
be collected by waste collecting vehicles.
 A procedure should be put in place to get rid of open burning of waste and proper
penalties should be put on the defaulters.
 Proper institutions to manage solid waste (currently being handled by the TMA)
should be formed and clearly defined and divided responsibilities should be put in
place so as to eliminate confusion and accelerate efficient management.
 The institutions formed should be strengthened enough and sufficient workforce
should be hired to carry out management.
 Proper channels and mass awareness programs for highlighting the importance of
recycling should be put in place.
 Research regarding the betterment and advancement of recycling techniques
should be facilitated.
CHAPTER # 9
PROPOSED
RECOMMENDATIONS
Ch. 9 Proposed Recommendations 232 | P a g e
Chapter 9– PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1. Transportation
1. In commercial areas, main roads should be wide and two-way with two or three lanes
both. Further, there should be provision of adequate parking facilities in the vicinity
of those commercial areas. This can help in reducing the issue of traffic congestion.
2. An Asset Management Plan for the city’s road sector should be prepared and planned
rehabilitation of roads that have outlived their design life should also be undertaken.
3. Many problems are being generated due to road encroachments such as traffic
congestion etc. The concerned authority should take proper actions against these.
4. The road network of Nankana Sahib is satisfactory. Though it may be damaged if its
proper maintenance is not undertaken. Therefore, it is recommended that on-street
parking and mainly the road encroachments should be controlled before the problem
gets worse.
5. No proper footpaths have been provided on any major roads except along Railway
Road and that too, is not in a good condition due to poor maintenance. People are
seen walking along the right of ways’ of the roads causing intermixture of vehicular
and pedestrian traffic. Therefore, it is recommended that proper footpaths should be
provided along major roads for efficient flow of vehicular and pedestrian traffic both
and also for avoidance of road accidents.
Similarly, ribbon type of commercial development is also seen along roads that is
undesirable as it causes traffic congestion. This can be minimized by restrictions and
controls as well as proper planning of commercial areas. Introduction of traffic
calming techniques might also be helpful in this case in Nankana Sahib.
9.2. Industry & Technology

6. Access to finance and investment for the micro, small, and informal private sector
should be increased so that the financing of small-scale local businesses and
technologies becomes possible.
7. Rice production and research centers should be provided in Nankana to improve the
quality and quantity of rice and increase its export thereby benefitting the economy.
8. There are huge commercial markets in Nankana that can, at times of Sikh pilgrimage
boost the economy very effectively but instead these markets remain close during
these times due to an imposed curfew citing security reasons and fear of terrorism. In
this case, the government and/or concerned authorities can play a vital role by
enforcing strict security measures. This will help in lessening the fear of the people as
well as terrorist incidents from occurring thereby generating good economy.
9. There should be more government teaching hospitals and health centers to fulfill the
need of city with better technology and facilities.

10. Nankana Sahib should have a proper plan for solid waste collection. Proper channels
and mass awareness programs for highlighting the importance of recycling should be
put in place.
11. There is no proper landfill site in Nankana Sahib. At present, the disposal of solid
waste is mainly done in the form of open dumping near a place known as Dharian in
the city. This open dumping is creating total in-sanitary & unhygienic conditions,
degrading the environment of the city, emitting obnoxious smells and providing
breeding for mosquitoes and flies. Hence, a proper landfill site should be provided for
the disposal of solid waste.
9.4. Recreation
12. Recreational areas i.e. parks, should be properly maintained and the effective
provision of infrastructure including proper sitting arrangement, toilet facilities,
lighting and drainage facilities should be ensured. Aesthetics should be improved
through focus on flora.
9.5. Provision of Finances & Capacity Building of Institutions

13. Strengthening of institutions, local authorities and community so that they can play
their role proficiently and effectually in the development of Nankana Sahib at their
respective levels.
14. Capacity building of agencies responsible for implementation of the plans; both, by
deputing additional technical staff, and through periodic training of the said staff.
15. There should be ample availability of funds and financial resources by the
government for the smooth and timely execution of the public-sector development
projects in Nankana Sahib.
16. Due to non-availability of funds, improper planning and absence of quality resources;
the project titled “Development of Resort for Religious Tourism at Nankana Sahib” is
incomplete with no forward movement. The said project was to be completed in
2016.
The main objective was to facilitate the Sikh pilgrims who came to Pakistan to visit
gurdwaras and shrines, and to promote cultural tourism, increase economic activities
and empower local communities. The project also aimed to promote general tourism
by creating appropriate attraction and facilitation center and to provide enhanced
capacity for visiting tourists to enable them to stay in comfortable/secure
environment.
It was also aimed for image building of the country by creating harmonious relations
with other communities.
Keeping the above said in view, the government should take some strict action in this
regard and provide remaining funds to the authority so that this project can be
completed at the earliest.
9.6. Nankana Sahib Authority

17. There should be a separate Nankana Sahib Authority which can look after all the
development works in Nankana. In this way, the development can be properly
managed and further, upgradation and maintenance of infrastructure can also be done
efficiently by the authority. This will consequently, improve the quality of life of
people.
9.7. Clean Water Facilities

18. The provision of clean water facilities by the government should be ensured since the
residents of Nankana Sahib are using private wells for drinking purposes.
9.8. Religious Tourism

19. The concept of religious tourism or pilgrimage industry has been prevalent for quite a
while globally. In Saudi Arabia, tourism industry currently generates about 2.7% of
GDP, with religious tourists making up the largest group of visitors.
In a similar way, Nankana Sahib in Pakistan is also one of those ideal sites where
economy can be generated since it is home to Sikh Pilgrim once every year. Despite
terrorism and financial crisis, digital technologies have always seen a boost to the
pilgrimage industry.
Globally it has been seen that most of the schools, bazaars, inns, and economic
departments have been built besides mosques, shrines, tombs, and other religious
sites. The reason is that because the people were interested in going to visit these
religious sites, it resulted in generation of many jobs and income. Correspondingly,
with provision of efficient facilities such as commercial markets, public transport,
hotels and resorts closer to the gurdwaras, Nankana Sahib can become a very
important tourist base, contributing effectively to the economy of the country.
In contrast, a new awareness of several negative impacts, especially on the
environment have also been observed with religious tourism. The only need is for
better planning measures and fresh ideas to cope up with these adverse effects and
guide growth in a more channeled way.
9.9. Vocational & Training Centers

20. Women vocational and training centers should be provided in various locations in
Nankana to strengthen women by offering them skills to earn for themselves.
Annexures 237 | P a g e
ANNEXURES
Annexure I – Land Use Map of Nankana Sahib City

Annexure II – Residential Land Use Map of Nankana Sahib City

Annexure III – Commercial Land Use Map of Nankana Sahib City

Annexure IV – Agricultural Land Use Map of Nankana Sahib City

Annexure V – Historical Sites Map of Nankana Sahib City

Annexure VI – Road Network Map of Nankana Sahib City

References 243 | P a g e
REFERENCES
 Bureau of Statistics, Planning & Development Department, Govt. of Punjab.
(n.d.). Tehsil Based Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Punjab 2007-2008.
Retrieved from Iris Punjab:
http://www.irispunjab.gov.pk/StatisticalReport/Multiple%20Indicator%20Cluster
%20Surveys/Provincial/MICS%202007-08%20%20Punjab.pdf
 Directorate of Industries, Punjab . (n.d.). District Pre-Investment Study - 2012.
Retrieved from Punjab Portal: https://doi.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Nankana
%20Sahib.pdf
 DISTRICT_WISE_CENSUS_RESULTS_CENSUS_2017. (n.d.). Retrieved from
Web Archive:
https://web.archive.org/web/20170829164748/http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/
default/files/DISTRICT_WISE_CENSUS_RESULTS_CENSUS_2017.pdf
 Nankana Sahib - VTIs. (n.d.). Retrieved from Punjab Portal:
https://punjab.gov.pk/nankana%20sahib_vti
 Punjab Municipal Development Fund Company (PMDFC). (n.d.). Situational
Analysis Report for Integrated Solid Waste Management. Retrieved from
pmdfc.org: http://pmdfc.org.pk/Content/Uploads/ISWM-ns.pdf
 Urban Unit. (n.d.). National Reference Manual on Planning & Infrastructure
Standards. Retrieved from Urban Unit:
http://uu.urbanunit.gov.pk/Documents/Publications/0/104.pdf

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MASTER PLANNING OF NANKANA SAHIB

DEPARTMENT OF CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING

Table 5.14: Nature of the Shop.........................................................................................60

Table 5.44: Types of Science Labs...................................................................................90

Table 5.75: Traffic Congestion.......................................................................................121

Table 5.106: Number of Storeys in the House................................................................150

Figure 5.8: Family Structure.............................................................................................55

Figure 5.37: Type of Ownership.......................................................................................84

Figure 5.68: Number of Vehicles...................................................................................115

Figure 5.99: Duration of Residency in the House..........................................................144

Chapter 1– INTRODUCTION TO NANKANA SAHIB

1.2. Location Map

Source: Prepared by Researchers

1.3. Existing Situation

1.3.1. Urban Form

1.3.2. Urban Growth Pattern

1.3.3. SWOT Analysis

1.3.4. Future Growth

Figure 1.2: Resort for Sikh Tourists at Nankana Sahib

Source: Captured by Researchers

This resort is situated at college road in Nankana Sahib.

1.4. Historic Profile

Figure 1.3: Base Map of Nankana Sahib

Source: Prepared by Researchers

1.5. Religious Buildings at Nankana Sahib

1.5.1. Masjid Quba

Source: Google Images

1.5.2. Gurdwara Janam Asthan

Source: Captured by Researchers

1.5.3. Gurdwara Bal Lilah

Source: Google Images

1.5.4. Gurdwara Patti Sahib

Source: Google Images

1.5.5. Gurdwara Mall Ji Sahib

Source: Google Images

Source: Google Images

1.5.7. Gurdwara Tambu Sahib

Source: Google Images

Source: Captured by Researchers

1.5.9. Gurdwara Nihang Singhan

Source: Google Images

Chapter 2– DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF NANKANA SAHIB

Table 2.3: Detailed Population of District Nankana Sahib Census 2017

Sr. No. Rural Urban Total

Table 2.4: Population Projections of Nankana Sahib City

2.2. Population Projection by Arithmetic Method

Table 2.5: Population of Nankana Sahib(City)

Table 2.6: Population Projection & its Increment

 Formula of Arithmetic Method: Pn = P + n.C

Table 2.7: Arithmetic Method Application

Table 2.8: Population Projection (2017-2050)

Sr. No. Year Population Projection

Figure 2.13: Arithmetic Population Projection (2017-2050)

2500000 Population Projection

Source: Prepared by Researchers

2.3. Physical Features

2.3.1. Main Crops

2.4. Spatial Organization

2.5. Employment & Unemployment