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    MDL 470 Case Study Academic Year 2021

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    ADEL
    This document provides an overview of chronic renal failure (CRF), also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as a long-term reduction in kidney function that can be classified into stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Symptoms may include trouble sleeping and needing to urinate frequently, especially at night. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause to slow kidney damage progression.

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    MDL 470 Case Study Academic Year 2021

    Uploaded by

    ADEL
    29 views5 pages
    This document provides an overview of chronic renal failure (CRF), also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as a long-term reduction in kidney function that can be classified into stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Symptoms may include trouble sleeping and needing to urinate frequently, especially at night. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause to slow kidney damage progression.

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    Renal Failure

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    This document provides an overview of chronic renal failure (CRF), also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as a long-term reduction in kidney function that can be classified into stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Symptoms may include trouble sleeping and needing to urinate frequently, especially at night. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause to slow kidney damage progression.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views5 pages

    MDL 470 Case Study Academic Year 2021

    Uploaded by

    ADEL
    This document provides an overview of chronic renal failure (CRF), also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as a long-term reduction in kidney function that can be classified into stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Symptoms may include trouble sleeping and needing to urinate frequently, especially at night. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause to slow kidney damage progression.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    MDL 470

    Case study

    Academic year 2021

    (Draft)

    Case title: Chronic Renal Failure

    Presentation Date: 27/10

    Supervisor:

    Student name:

    ID number:

     
    Introduction 
    - A kidney removes excess water and wastes from the blood.
    The kidney also regulate sodium, potassium, calcium,
    phosphorus, and other chemicals inside the body. Nephrons
    are the structures in the kidney that filter the fluid. The kidneys
    eliminate urine, which combines wastes and fluids. There are
    approximately one million nephrons in each kidney. It is the
    damage to these units that results in chronic kidney disease. 
    - Anatomy and physiology of kidney
    - Disease that causes kidney
    - Chronic renal failure (CRF) is commonly known as
    chronic kidney disease (CKD). It occurs when the kidneys' ability
    to filter waste and fluid from the blood decreases and it is
    chronic mean develops over long period of time.
    - Stages of CKD can be classified according to the eGFR:
    Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR greater
    than 90
    Stage 2: Mild reduction in GFR between 60 - 89
    Stage 3a: Moderate reduction in GFR between 45 - 59
    Stage 3b: Moderate reduction in GFR between 30 - 44
    Stage 4: Severe reduction in GFR between 15 - 29
    Stage 5: Kidney failure GFR less than 15 or dialysis

    Epidemiology 
    - About 30 million people or 15% of adult in
    the united states are have kidney disease at some stage.
    The prevalence of CKD increases with age (6% at age 18-44
    years and 38.1% at >65 years) that
    indicate CKD commonly affect older people   
    Causes 
    - The cause of CKD is damage nephrons that responsible
    filtering fluid and waste from blood

    Etiology
    - The causes of CKD can be:
    1- Glomerulonephritis,
    2- interstitial nephritis,
    3- polycystic kidney disease,
    4- prolonged obstruction of urinary tract,
    5- vesicoureteral reflux,
    6- or pylonephritis
    Risk factor 
    People with Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and family
    history of CKD 
     
    Signs and symptoms 
    - Most people don’t show symptoms until they reach
    an advanced stage. However, some symptoms may appear
    such as: trouble sleeping, muscles cramping at night, swollen
    feet and ankles, or need to urinate more often especially at
    night 

    Complications 
    - Progression of CKD can lead to number of
    serious complications include anemia, hyperlipidemia and
    metabolic bone disease 

    Investigations 
    - Laboratory test such as complete blood count (CBC), blood
    urea nitrogen, serum albumin levels and serum cycstin C
    levels 
    - Renal biopsy 
    - Imaging

    Preventive  
    - Eating health food 
    - Stop smoking 
    - Regular check-up 
    - losing weight 
    - Get enough sleep 

    Treatment 
    - The treatment of chronic kidney disease is management of
    underlying cause like keeping blood pressure and blood
    sugar under control that will decrease kidney damage

    Recent advances 
    - Chronic kidney disease is currently understood based on a
    wide range of studies focusing on genetic risk factors for
    development and progression of Chronic kidney disease

    Case study

    Interpretation

    References 
     Kidney Care UK. “Chronic kidney disease.” 2016.
     Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States. National
    Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
    Available at https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-
    information/health-statistics/kidney-disease#urologic.
     National Kidney Foundation. “About Chronic Kidney
    Disease.” 
     American Kidney Fund. “Chronic Kidney Disease.” .
     Thomas, R., Kanso, A., & Sedor, J. R. (2008). Chronic kidney
    disease and its complications. Primary care: Clinics in office
    practice, 35(2), 329-344.
     Yamaguchi, J., Tanaka, T., & Nangaku, M. (2015). Recent
    advances in understanding of chronic kidney
    disease. F1000Research, 4.
     National Kidney Foundation. “About Chronic Kidney
    Disease.” 2017.

     
     

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